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HISTORY 



BLACK HAWK COUNTY, 



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CONTAINING 



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A Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Vol- 
unteers in the late Rebellion, Gener'al and Local Statistics, ^' 
Portraits of Early Settlers and Proininent Men, His- 
tory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map 
of Black Hawk County, Constitution of 
the United States, Miscellaneous 
Matters, &c. 



IXjXjTJST'IR^^T'EID, 




CHICAGO: 
WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

1«78. 



^(. 



Entered, according to Act ot Congress, in the year 1878, by 

THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 







PREFACE. 



LESS than half a century has rolled into eternity since the Indian title to 
any portion of the soil of Iowa was extinguished, and the Black Hawk 
Purchase permitted the resistless tide of emigration westward to flow across the 
Mississippi, and only thirty years ago the Winnebagoes reluctantly left their 
Iowa Reserve, the southern line of which was very near the northern part of 
Black Hawk County. Less than thirty-five years have elapsed since Sturgis 
and Adams built the first rude log cabins in the valley of the Cedar, and the 
first brave and hardy pioneers settled on the beautiful prairies of Black Hawk. 
But these fleeting years have been replete with eventful changes — of history 
that it has been the purpose of this work to gather, arrange and preserve for 
transmission to posterity as one of the almost countless chapters in the annals 
of this great country. 

The task has been an arduous and responsible one. Some years had passed, 
after the first permanent settlements by Sturgis, Adams, Hanna, Virden, 
Melrose, Mullan, Neavell and others, before any written records were made; 
and of those who settled in the county in 1845, only one now remains to tell 
the story of their hardships and privations. 

The compilers have been forced to depend upon the remembrances of the 
early settlers for many of the incidents recorded in the following pages. But 
memories fail with the accumulating burdens of years, and events that were 
vividly recalled ten or fifteen years ago, are now so nearly forgotten that they 
return with difficulty at the call of the historian. The reminiscences of James 
Newell, one of the pioneers of Iowa as early as 1834-5, written by himself 
before his decease, kindly placed at the disposal of the historians by S. H. 
Packard, Esq., of Cedar Falls, have furnished some interesting and valuable 
matter for this work. Large numbers of circulars and letters addressed to 
Township Clerks and old settlers, asking for information for this work, have 
not been answered, with one or two honorable exceptions. It has often occurred, 
also, that different individuals have given sincere and honest, but, nevertheless, 
conflicting, versions of the same events, and it has been a task of great delicacy 
to harmonize these conflicting statements. This work has been done with much 
care and discrimination, with the sole purpose of arriving at the truth. How 
well this task has been performed, the intelligent reader must judge. It will 
be strange, indeed, if, in the multiplicity of names, dates and events no errors. 



PREFACE. 

no omissions be detected. The compilers do not dare hope that, in all its 
numerous and varied details, this work is absolutely correct, nor is it to be 
expected that it is beyond criticism ; but it is hoped and believed that it will be 
found measurably correct and generally accurate and reliable. Great care has 
been constantly exercised in its preparation in the hope of making it a standard 
work of reference, as well as a volume of interest to the general reader. 

Such as it shall be found, however, our work is done, our offering completed, 
and it remains for us to tender our acknowledgments to the people of Black 
Hawk County for the patronage that has enabled us to present them with this 
volume, and for the courtesy and kindness generally extended to our repre- 
sentatives, to whom has been intrusted the work of collecting and arranging 
the historical record herein presented to that posterity who, in the not far dis- 
tant future, are to take the places of the fathers and mothers of to-day, so many 
of whose names are honorably recorded in the following pages. 

Particularly do we desire to express our warmest thanks to those who have 
taken an interest in the work and who have so generously furnished valuable 
information, without whose aid this history of Black Hawk County could not 
have been so complete and accurate as it is hoped it will be found to be. To 
George W. Hanna, Esq., the oldest settler now living ; to James Virden, Esq.; 
M. Parrott, Esq., of the loiva State Reporter; W. H. Hartman, Esq, of 
the Courier ; Snyder Bros., of the Gazette; S. Van Meter & Co., of the 
Recorder ; S. H. Packard, Esq. ; Dr. J. Wasson, of the Progress ; to the 
county officers who have so courteously and kindly aided us and placed the 
official records of the county at our disposal ; to the ministers and official repre- 
sentatives of the churches, lodges and societies, this paragraph of grateful 
appreciation and thanks is respectfully dedicated. We are also under obliga- 
tions to Hon. T. W. BuRDiCK, Member of Congress, for courtesies extended to 
our representatives. 

In conclusion, we may be permitted to express the earnest hope that before 
twoscore more of years have passed, other and abler pens will have gathered 
and recorded the historic events that are to follow the close of this offering to 
the people of Black Hawk, that the history of the county may be preserved 
unbroken from generation to generation ; and to this end public records, 
private journals and newspaper files should be carefully preserved. 

PUBLISHERS. 

September, ]878. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

History Northwest Territory 19 

Geographical Position 19 

Early Explorations , 20 

Discovery of the Ohio 33 

English Explorations and Set- 
tlements 35 

American Settlements 60 

Division of the Northwest Ter- 
ritory 66 

Tecumseh and the War of 1812 70 
Black Hawk and the Black 

Hawk War 74 

Other Indian Troubles 79 

Present Condition of the North- 
west 86 

Chicago 95 

Illinois 240 

Indiana 242 

Iowa 243 

Michigan 244 

Wisconsin 245 

Minnesota 247 

Nebraska 248 

History of Iowa: 

Geographical Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Drainage System 110 

Rivers Ill 

Lakes 118 

Springs 119 

Prairies 120 

Geology 120 

Climatology 137 



HISTORICAL.. 

Page. 
History of Iowa: 

Discovery and Occupation 139 

Territory 147 

Indians 147 

Pike's Expedition 151 

Indian Wars 152 

Black Hawk War 157 

Indian Purchase, Reserves and 

Treaties 159 

Spanish Grants 163 

Half-Breed Tract. 164 

Early Settlements 166 

Territorial History 173 

Boundary Question 177 

State Organization 181 

Growth and Progress 1S5 

Agricultural College and Farm.186 

State University 187 

State Historical Society 193 

Penitentiaries 194 

Insane Hospitals 195 

College for the Blind 197 

Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 

Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 

State Normal School 201 

Asylum for Feeble Minded 

Children 201 

Reform School 202 

Fish Hatching Establishment..203 

Public Lands 204 

Public Schools 218 

Political Record 223 

War Record 229 



Pa6E 

History ol Iowa : 

Number Volunteers 233 

Number Casualties — Officers. ..234 
Number Casualties — Enlisted 

Men 236 

Population 238 

Agricultural Statistics 274 

History of Blackhawk County from 
its early settlement to the 

present time 307 

Postmasters and Post Offices 359 

County Officers 364 

Educational 366 

Press 370 

Railroads 374 

Agricultural Societies 376 

Patrons of Husbandry 377 

Medical Association 378 

Insurance Company 378 

War History 439 

Town Histories: 

Waterloo 1379 

Cedar Falls 410 

La Porte City 430 

Cedar City 434 

Gilbertville 435 

Raymond 436 

Hudson 4,37 

Barclay 433 

Janesville 433 

Finchford 433 

Property Statement and Popu- 
lation 603 



Page. | 

Mouth of the Mississippi 21 | 

Source of the Mississippi 21 

Wild Prairie 23 I 

La Salle Landing on the Shore of ! 

Green Bay 25 1 

Buffalo Hunt 27 

Trapping 29 

Hunting 32 I 

Iroquois Chief 34 j 

Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 43 

Indians Attacking Frontiersmen.. 56 
A Prairie Storm 59 



IliLiUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

A Pioneer Dwelling 61 

Breaking Prairie 63 

Tecumseli, the Shawarioe Chieftain 69 

Indians Attacking a Stockade 72 

Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 75 

Big Eagle '.... 80 

Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 

Kinzie House 85 

A Representative Pioneer 86 

Lincoln Monument 87 

A Pioneer School House 88 i 



Page 

Pioneers' First Winter 94 

Great Iron Bridge of C, R. I. & P. 
R. R., Crossing the Mississippi at 

Davenport, Iowa 91 

Chicago in 1833 95 

Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98 

Present Site Lake Street Bridge, 

Chicago, 1833 98 

Ruins of Chicago 104 

View of the City of Chicago 106 

Hunting Prairie Wolves 249 



tlTHOORAPHIC PORTRAITS. 



Page. I 

Bishop, S. A 357 •f Hartman, W. H . 

Foote, D. W 425 j-Melendy, Peter . 



Page. 

3U5v 

493. 



Page. / 

Parrott, Matt .339 

Williams, D. C 391 J 



BI.ACK HAWK COUNTY VOI.UATEERS. 



Infantry: Page. 

Third 445 

Ninth 447 

Twelfth 447 

Sixteenth 448 

Twenty-first 449 



Infantry : Page. 

Thirty-first 449 

Thirty-second ....452 

Thirty-seventh 454 

Forty-first 4.o4 



Cavalry : Page. 

First 454 

Fourth 4.55 

Seventh 455 

Ninth 456 



Forty-seventh 454 Artillery 456 

Miscellaneous 457 



CONTENTS. 



BIOORAPHIt'AL, TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY. 



Page. 

Barclay 577 

Bennington 537 

Big Creek 509 

BlacliHawk 560 

Cedar 573 

Cedar Falls 491 

East Waterloo 482 



Page. Page. 

Eagle 568 Poyner 544 

Fox 596 I Spring Creek 533 

Lester 584 j Union 541 

Lincoln 556 Washington 552 

Mount Vernon 526 | Waterloo City 461 

Orange 517 I Waterloo Township 478 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE L.AWS, 



Page. 

Adoption of Children 287 

Bills of Exchange and Promissory 

Notes 275 

Commercial Terms 289 

Capital Punishment 282 

Charitable, Scientific and Religious 

Associations 300 

Descent 275 

Damages from Trespass 2S4 

Exemptions from Execution 282 

Estrays 283 

Forms : 

Articles of Agreement 291 

Bills of Sale 292 

Bond for Deed 299 

Bills of Purchase 290 



Page. 
Forms : 

Chattel Mortgage 298 

Confession of Judgment 200 

Lease 296 

Mortgages 294 

Notice to Quit 293 

Notes 290,297 

Orders 290 

QuitClaimDeed 299 

Receipts 290 

Wills and Codicils 203 i 

AVarranty Deed 298 

Fences 284 

Interest 275 

Intoxicating Liquors 301 

Jurisdiction of Courts 281 



Page. 

Jurors 281 

Limitation of Actions 281 

Landlord and Tenant 28S 

Married Women 282 

Marks and Brands 284 

Mechanics' Liens. 285 

Roads and Bridges 286 

Surveyors and Surveys 287 

Suggestions to Persons Purchasing 

Books by Subscription 303 

Support of Poor 287 

Taxes 277 

Wills and Estates 276 

Weights and Measures 289 

Wolf Scalps 284 



Page. 

Map of Black Hawk County Front. 

Constitution of United States 250 

Vote for President and Vice Pres- 
ident 264 

Practical Rules for Every-Day Use. .265 
United States Government Land 
Measure 268 



niiscEiiL. %Ni<:oiJ»$. 

Page. 

Surveyor's Measure 269 

How to Keep Accounts 269 

Interest Table 270 

Miscellaneous Ta''le 270 

Names of the States of the Union 

and their Significations 271 

Population of the United States 272 



Page. 

Population of Fifty Principal Cities 
of the United States 272 

Population and Area of the United 
States 273 

Population of the Principal Coun- 
tries in the World 273 

Tax Levied, 1877 304 



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The Northwest Territory. 



GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 

When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the 
United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the Avestern boundary 
of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
" New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern 
Territory." 

In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
the entire population of the United States. 

Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
on the globe. 

For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
States. 

(19) 



20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 

In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New 
World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer 
took advantage of these discoveries. 

In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, 
below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders 
attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a 
grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were 
taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
Point St. Ignatius, .where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 

During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. 
Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied 
— as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks Avhole tribes of God's 
children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



21 





22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOxir. 

request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
dition, prepared for the undertaking. 

On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
them fl'om their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they 
separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, 
which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them' during the Winter in 
giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
now upon the bosom of th3 Father of Waters. The mystery was about 
to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



23 



Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
'•' reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of 
France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 




THE WILD PRAIRIE. 

On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. 
After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to 
about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 



24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, ''did we see 
such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of 
which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefull}' passed away while at 
prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
called Marquette. 

While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, Avere pre- 
paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 

After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of 
those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- 
lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 

LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also receiv-sd 
from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



25 



alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on 
these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined 
by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He 
passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed 
on to Green Bay, the " Bale des Puans " of the French, where he found 
a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with 
these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors, 




LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OP GREEN BAY. 

started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard 
of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 

By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by 
the Indians, "Theakeke," tvolf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The 
French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
"Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 



26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuff's, 
took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- 
ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
on the 4th day of January^ 1680, they came into a lake which must have 
been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-ivi, that 
is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men 
"were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. 
He called this fort " Crevecoeur'' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, 
Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 

While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
was successfully made, though over an almost u iknown route, and in a 
bad season of the year. He safely reached Cana ^a, and set out again for 
the object of his search. 

Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecceur on the last of February, 
1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
icy stream as best he coiild, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
age they found several beautiful lakes, and "saw some charming prairies." 
Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St, Anthony 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



27 



in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling 
nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their viUages. 
Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, 





BUFFALO HUNT. 



headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- 
trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior ; and with these fellow- 
countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the 
borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
to France, where he published an account of his adventures. 



28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
vain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring, 
De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan- 
tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 

They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, 
being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, 
and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 

To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess 
this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
reached the banks of the Mississippi. 

On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they 
pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters 
into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : 

" We landed on tlie bank of the most western channel, about three 
leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M, de Tonti 
meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main 
outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond t-he 
reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : 

Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 16S2. 

The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after 
a salute and cries of " I7ye le Roi," the column was erected by M. de 
La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two 
succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



29 



treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not 
accomplished until 1699, when D'Iberville, under the authority of the 
crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth 
of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives 
*'■ Malbouchia,'" and by the Spaniards, " Za Pallissade,"' from the great 






} 









o^^'\ /iX/' 










A XV 






V 
TRAPPING. 

number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, 
and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
outlet, and returned to France. 

An avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. 
In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Sjtain, to be regained by 
France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by 



30 ' THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; 
had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
settlement there. " Peoria. Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them 
(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) 
it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were 
peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored." 

The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, 
and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary 
station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of 
these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, 
dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de I'lmmaculate Conception de 
la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of 
Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia; while 
Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecoeur. This must have been 
about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, 
(pronounced Wit-ba, meaning- summer cloud moving siviftly) was estab- 
lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain 
were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to 
occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the 
famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law» 
who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and Avho with his 
scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 

From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- 
sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 

♦ There is considerable dispute about this date, some asserting it was founded as late as ir4:J. When 
the new court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities on the subject were carefully examined, and 
. i'02 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. 



THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 31 

injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natcliez. Although the company 
did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the 
attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the 
New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and 
Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues 
situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred 
whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and 
horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
be consumed ; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
save in the extreme northern part, where only. furs and copper ore were 
found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the 
mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, 
plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of 
Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty -five 
leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five 
or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, 
where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 



32 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



work them as they deserve." Father Marest, writing from the post at 
Vincennes in 181 2, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : " Some 
individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
like those of INIexico, and that if we Avould dig deeper, we should find 
silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
pieces are found in the streams." 







HUNTING. 



At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the 
lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what 
may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest 
they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, 
at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of 
this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another 
nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33 

and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for 
securing the great profits arising therefrom. 

The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 



DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 

This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
and Marquette. 

While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 

While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the 
Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a 
distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
LaSalie believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
the commerce of China and Japan. 

He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant, 
Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- 
pice decided to send out missionaries in connection Avith the expedition, 
and LaSalle off'ering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money» 
the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred 
dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
necessary supplies for the outfit. 

On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes 
carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 

The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 



84 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. 

On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they 
hcdrd for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving 




among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned 
from a Shawanee prisoner tliat they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. 
Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35 

had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines 
on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the 
lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
Marquette and Dablon, occupying the fiield. 

These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron 
saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. 

After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. 

The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- 
mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle 
himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 

ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts 
already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States 
of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 



36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 
1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to 
secure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In 
Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that 
power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
to this unexplored Avilderness. 

England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants 
to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord Howard, Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- 
das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were 
taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has 
often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was 
made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in 
goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was 
called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the -Indian trade. In 
1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government 
of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in tlie 
West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37 

settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- 
reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the 
consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading- 
posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds 
and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which 
were inscribed the claims of France. These Avere heard of in 1752, and 
within the memory of residents now living along the "• Oyo," as the 
beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the 
plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and 
though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He 
afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down 
the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- 
ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing 
their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This 
fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones 
Pickaweke." 

•• The following is a translation of the inscription on the plate: "In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV., 
King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- 
mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have 
buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty- ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its 
tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and 
treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chapelle." 



88 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY, 

This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and 
occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to 
occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, 
these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
favor. This he did, and upon the loth of June they all united in signing 
a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should 
not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. 

Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trjdng to out-manoeuvre 
each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- 
tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further 
increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758: " The Indians on the Ohio 
left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
we wanted help, forsook us."' 

At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by 
title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them 
away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
already begun, and would not abandon the field. 

Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 

ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young 
man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank 
of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then 
held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's 
Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- 
gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to 
Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- 
lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. 
Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery 
of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing 
of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his 
observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one 
but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, 
notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. 

From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 

The Okl Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring 
colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac 
men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were 
gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 



40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of 
the Ohio, to which l)oth parties were looking with deep interest. 

'' The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift 
river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and 
swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and 
stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
and tools, marched up the Monongahela." 

The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi 
and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, 
and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called 
by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
morning of Jaly 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 

The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 

acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This 
occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with 
various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, 
under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under A.bercrombie, 
against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the 
Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
name to Fort Pitt. 

The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
foucrht one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same 
time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
Beletre- refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 



42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, 
no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while 
on their journey home. 

Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- 
mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
John's Town" on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
Woman's River, and thence crqssed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 

The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 

The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
declared that no treaty had been made with them ; no presents sent 
them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 

The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
February 10, 1768, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



18 




PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 



44 THE ISrORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. 
Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
and Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite 
in this enterprise. 

The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 1763. 
Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow 
of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 

Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. 
Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, 
however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He 
endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt 
was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe 
reprimand, and warned never to again enter the v/alls of the post. 

Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace 
between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 176-1, 
■continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
further south, living many years among the Illinois. 

He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern 
Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 

Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan 
for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
have been carried out. 

It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said: 
*' Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 

yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves ! These lakes, these woods, 
these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 

He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. 
Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the 
French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 

In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and 
twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to 
France, and by France sold to the United States. 

In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by 
LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the- site of St. 
Louis. 

By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including 
all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; 
but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when 
Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 



46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- 
eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- 
tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
he afterward lost his life. 

As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the 
year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen 
miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 

Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This 
same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. 
He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- 
tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal 
proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
reach of Great Britain. 

The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the 
course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." 

In accordance with this policy. Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 

strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
^yas granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- 
ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 

In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were clisjDOsed to favor 
that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
of the war for independence. 

In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the 
pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for 
settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
driven across the Ohio. 

During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
themselves the "Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
87,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
" United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 



48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
signally failed. 

When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 

In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time 
" Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were 
east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
negroes." 

From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report 
made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
extract is made : 

" Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of 
the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la 
Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
miles further up the river." 

St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until 
ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 
1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged 
in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
relate. 

It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
four gates — east, west, uorth and south. Over the first three of these 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 

gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running 
east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
to fifteen feet in width. 

At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two 
stories high, sufficient to contain ten oflBcers, and also barracks sufficient 
to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of 
Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some 
hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, 
called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned 
by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
twenty -four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
between nine and ten o'clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who were 
relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who per- 
formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset; 
even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only 
at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two 
hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present *•' new " 
town was laid out. 

On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
civil .privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway, 
burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht 
saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihi- 
late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not 
unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
Burgojme had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
scene of action to be able to guide them. 

Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 

With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 5X 

ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
Cnvn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as 
far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence marcli direct to Kaskaskia. 
Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
intended to marcli directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the 
most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would 
cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. 

The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
the loss of a single man or by killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently 
working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked 
for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and 
when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- 
panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 



52 THE NORTHWEST TEBRITORY. 

the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
into the possession of Virginia. 

In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. 
St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken 
before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection 
with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of 
peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to 
the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, 
placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, 
erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 

In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the 
fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to 
the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the 
force in the garrison. 

Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio» 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 

and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
saw that immediate and decisive action Avas necessary, and that unless 
he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
a ^ battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and 
Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 

On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and 
twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring 
rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at 
once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," 
by which he was ever afterward known. 

Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being 
apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- 
cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. 
Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi tq the Allegheny 
Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
the commencement, by the British. 

" But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 

At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- 
pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
to sue for peace. 



54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
were passed. The passage of these hiws was of more consequence to the 
pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian 
conflicts. These hiws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the 
settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
gentlemen opened their court on October 18, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
continued until April 26, 1780, when thc}^ adjourned, having decided 
three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who 
came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
lOtli day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right 
to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below 
the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
ing this year that the first seminary of learning, was established in the 
West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 

The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, 
and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the 
refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
satisfaction of both nations. 

The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
"Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
in consequence of the friendh^ disposition of Spain to the revolting 
colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
manner, they fled the country in great haste. 

About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55- 

and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New 
York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
territory. 

Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of 
American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the 
United States. 

Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United 
States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in 
consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. 
Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of 
American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
1772 in the history of the Northwest. 

During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 



56 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in«Kentucky, 
in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- 




IXDIAXS ATTACKING FKONTIEKSMEN, 

tion. By the close of the year victory had j)erched upon the American 
banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th ol 
April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 57 

proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next 
September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle 
was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
River ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- 
tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 

Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose 
lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
the proper treaty. 

To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to 
treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, 
not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and 
the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of 
Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
sonville, Indiana. 

While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
appearance. He says : 

"" Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 



58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." 

Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and 
was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
defensive j^recaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no 
entries were recorded until 1787. 

The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the 
Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply 
with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786, 
the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised 
bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
necticut ceded to the General Government the ti'act of land known as 
the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east b}^ the 
seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
the north by a line "so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
the reservations. In addition to this, Congress afterward granted 100,000 
acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



59 



While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressins^ 
its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance 
for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. 
By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states 




A PRAIRIE STORM. 



by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the 
northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- 
sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
potamia and Pelisipia. 

There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries 
of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- 
ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was 
again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, 
and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
and to it the reader is referred. 

The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. 
This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, 
being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury 
Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company 
were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 
23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as 
soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the od of October, 
had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. 

AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 

The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- 
plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from 
the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
the Alleghenies by. the old Indian path which had been opened into 
Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled 
on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had 
been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived 
on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



61 



Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having^ 
yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published l)y 
being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
to administer them. 

Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the 
Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
lated to promote the welfare of such a community.'* 




A PIONEER DWELLING. 



On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- 
born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the 
"Muskingum," but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block - houses stood 
was called '■'■Campus 3Iartius ;'' square number 19, '•'• CajyitoUum ;^'' square 
number 61, '■'■Cecilia;'' and the great road through the covert way, " Sac7'a 
Via.'" Two days after, an oration M'as delivered by James M. Varnum, 
who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, 
Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 



62 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a 
governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the 
next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing 
ceremonies. 

The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- 
mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the 
"Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been 
ready to receive them. 

On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest 
in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he 
sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the 
three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouih of which 
they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had 
been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to 
its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being 
interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the 
mouth ; L. of Licking." 

Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse 
teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- 
ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
Mr.. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
caused the " Point," as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left 
the " Point," two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first 
was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a 
colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



63 



been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
with twenty-six persons, and, bnilding a block-house, prepared to remain 
through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
of 1789. 

On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, 
an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. Tlie 
President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 













^^&^iun,'^- 



BEEAKING PEAIEIE. 



was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while 
he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, 
he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 

General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
tract of country was ceded to the United States. 

Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 



64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, 
known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west 
of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 

The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now 
Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, 
immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by 
small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, 
familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished 
and most commodious edifice in the Queen City, Fort Washington was 
for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments 
of the Northwestern Territory. 

Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous 
schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. 
On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 

No sooner had the treat}^ of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
called to give them up, they at once complied, and General VVaj-ne, who 
had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
the vear's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 65 

quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after 
him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, 
and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- 
stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
part of the Northwest. 

The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, 
and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
the President selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburg, 
of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th the two 
houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected, President 
of the Council. 

The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
Gen. St. Clair. 

The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received 
his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the 
office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 



6G THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
divide the territory* for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : 

" In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciar}- attention and assist- 
ance is experienced, in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
b}^ a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
and Canada." 

The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 

" That from and after July -1 next, all that part of the Territory of 
the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north 
until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territor3^" 

After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of 
the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides: 

" That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 
said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 
seat of government of tlie Territory of the United States northwest of the 
Ohio River; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the 
seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 

Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut 
also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67 

was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, 
the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
of Louisiana. 

In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western 
colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came 
into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
within the territory of Indiana. 

Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 

Before the close of the year. Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 



68 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
and about Detroit. 

C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 

" The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles 
square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is uuvv, 
from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to \Vm. 
Macomb. * * * a stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant."' 

During this year. Congress granted a township of land for the sup- 
port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two 
portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of 
government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
domain of Gen. Harrison. 

On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. 
When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in 
ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 

While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
the battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, 
we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life, 
and his connection with this conflict. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



6tf 




TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 



TO THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 

This famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his 
mother, Metliontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century 
to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tril)e. In 1795 he was 
declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of tbe 
present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chief 
comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of 
enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
b}' most Indians. It is stated he could read and Avrite, and had a confi- 
dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered 
upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
could be made save by the consent of this confederation. 

He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 

Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's 
plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 

During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
paring for the work. In that year, Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty 
with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 

as one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any 
lands north and west of the Ohio River. 

Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after 
departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 

Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chiefs headquarters at 
Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped 
near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken 
up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 

Tecumseh sent word* to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned 
from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time 
previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
made. 

In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif- 
ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 

He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
tonly murder the captive. 

In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victory on Lake Erie occurred, and 
shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 
27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of 
the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. 
McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 



72 



TEE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed. 
Early in the engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column 
of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
the Northwest. 




■^J^ttVUStM.O 



INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADi-. 



Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
who fired at him with a pistol, the shot proving fatal. 

In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged 
by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73 

In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a 
treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby 
slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
however, all signally failed. 

In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year, 
the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
then began the events already narrated. 

While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
" monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
downward trip. 

The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again 
restored in this part of the new world. 

On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and 
on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
some time the seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central 
location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
was laid out January 1, 1825. 



74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish branches 
at different convenient points. 

Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 

In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 

Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- 
lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
perity. 

BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
of the United States. 

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



75 




BLACK hawk:, the sac chieftain. 



76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to 
his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees 
for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
the " Medicine Bag," at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
war against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled 
successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 

Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish 
Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
he did not want two fathers. 

The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties 
with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre 
had a few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
Government but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
was defeated. 

In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi 
were notified that peace had been declared between the United States 
and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 

Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 77 

Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of 
Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of 
the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
liis actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been 
acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
have been prevented. 

Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the 
authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty 
made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
defeated. 

This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation ot 
the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 

Before this action, Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 

Note.— The above is the generally accepted version of the cause of the Black Hawlc War, but in our History of 
Jo Daviei-s County. 111., we had occasit n to go to tlic bottom of this matter, and have, we think, found the actual 
cause of the war, which will be found on page 157. 



78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
Mississippi. They were overtaken on the ild of August, and in the battle 
which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
fled, but Avas seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 

On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs 
of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 

The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
"there to remain until the conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
their being set at liberty." They were retained here until the 4th of 
June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
people. Everywhere they were observed by thousands, the name of the 
old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they 
reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had 
hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 

On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
his lodge. His wife Avas yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
the Indians, living with her upward of forty years. 

Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3. 
His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply 
during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre- 
sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in 
a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79 

bod}' was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons."" 

No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
ra]ndly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
a part of the Federal Union. 

The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest l^ang west of 
Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 1830 was 
made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various 
divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances 
compelled its present division. 

OTHER INDIAN TROUBLES. 

Before leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the 
Indian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere by the Sioux Indians. 

In August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of 
Minnesota fell ujaon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas- 
sacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the 
immediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes 
to districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities 
at once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number 
were killed and captured. About a year after. Little Crow, the chief, 
was killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured, 
thirty were hung at Mankato, and the remainder, through fears of mob 
violence, were removed to Camp McClellan, on the outskirts of the City 
of Davenport. It was here that Big Eagle came into prominence and 
secured his release by the following order : 



80 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




BIG EAGLE. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 81 

"Special Order, No. 430. "War Department, 

" Adjutant General's Office, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864. 

" Big Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, Towa, 
will, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine- 
ment and set at liberty. 

•' By order of the President of the United States. 
" Official : " E. D. Townsend, Ass't Adft G-en. 

" Capt. James Vanderventer, Corny Sub. Vols. 

" Through Com'g Gen"l, AVashington, D. C." 

Another Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and 
who was more cowardly in his nature, with his band of Modoc Indians, 
is noted in the annals of the New Northwest: we refer to Caj^tain Jack. 
This distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby, 
was a chief of a Modoc tribe of Indians inhabiting the border lands 
between California and Oregon. This region of country comprises what 
is known as the " Lava Beds," a tract of land described as utterly impene- 
trable, save by those savages who had made it their home. 

The Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous 
race. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many 
generations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful. 
A famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence 
and the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and 
insignificant tribe. 

Soon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints began 
to be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoc 
country. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en- 
tirely destroyed at a place since known as " Bloody Point.'" These occur- 
rences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission, 
who, after repeated attempts, in 1864, made a treaty with the Modocs, 
Snakes and Klamaths, in which it was agreed on their part to remove to 
a reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon. 

With the exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who 
remained at Clear Lake, about six miles from Klamath, all the Indians 
complied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief 
Schonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance 
until 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The 
Modocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain 
Jack and his band returned to the Lava Beds. 

Several attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce 
them to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involved in a 



82 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

difficulty with the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued, 
in which the cliief and his liand were routed. They were greatly enraged, 
and on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites. 

The nation M^as aroused and immediate action demanded. A com- 
mission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be 
done. It comprised the following persons : Gen. E. R. S. Canby, Rev. 
Dr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California ; Mr. A. B. 
Meacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon. 
After several interviews, in which the savages were always aggressive, 
often appearing with scalps in their belts. Bogus Charley came to the 
commission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that 
Capt. Jack and his band would have a " talk '* to-morrow at a place near 
Clear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom- 
panied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Cliarley repaired. 
After the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf 
of the Indians there were present : Capt. Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nast}' 
Jim, Ellens Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis- 
tols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas, 
Chief Schonchin arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when, 
as if by a preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot 
Gen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired by the 
savages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon- 
chin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being 
fired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The 
troops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas 
dead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to 
their impenetrable fastnesses and could not l)e pursued. 

The whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre ; but it was 
hot until the following May that the murderers were brought to justice. 
At that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the 
troops to Capt. Jack's stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire 
gang, a number of whom were murdered by Oi-egon volunteers while on 
their way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until 
July when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt. 
Jack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed 
Jim, and Slotuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences 
Avere approved b}^ the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho 
whose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others 
were executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873. 

These closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for 
several years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were 
ae:ain involved in a conflict with the savages about the countrv of the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



S3 




CAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN. 



84 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Black Hills, in which war tlie gallant Gen. Custer lost his life. Just 
now the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities ; 
but as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they 
will be of short duration. The red man is fast passing away before the 
march of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the 
Indians as one of the nations of the past. 

The Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally 
noticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in 
detail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we 
leave the narrative we will present our readers with an account of the 
Kinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the 
source of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in 
the annals of the Northwest. 

Mr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra- 
tion, established a trading house at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade 
had been erected the year })revious, and named Fort Dearborn in honor 
of the Secretary of War. It had a block house at each of the two angles, 
on the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led 
down to the river, for the double purpose of providing means of escape, 
and of procuring water in the event of a siege. 

Fort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about 
half a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers 
hauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he 
work that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while 
the garrison could get no grain, and Whistler and his men subsisted on 
acorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world. 

Mr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point au 
Sable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure 
in front lie planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in 
the rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard. 

In 1812 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater 
of stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four 
men, under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant 
Lenai T. Helm (son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The 
surgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the post at that time 
were the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the 
soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian voyagers with their 
wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most 
friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and the Winnebagoes, the prin- 
cipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach- 
ment to the British. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



85 



After the battle of Tippecanoe it was observed that some of the lead- 
ing chiefs became sullen, for some of their people had perished in tliat 
conflict with American troops. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his 
children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing into 
the house pale with terror, and exclaiming, " The Indians ! the Indians ! " 
" What? Where? " eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up at Lee's, killing 
and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, when the alarm was 
given, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-made mother, living not far off. 




KINZIE HOUSE. 

Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in 
the fort, to which place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were 
conveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the 
rest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of 
Winnebagoes, who hovered around the fort some days, when they dis- 
appeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by 
alarms. 

Chicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the 
declaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19th of June, 1812, 
did not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th 
of August. Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to 
Chicago in twenty-seven hours, and such a declaration might be sent, 
every word, by the telegraph in less than the same number of minutes. 



86 



THE irOETHWEST TERRITORY. 



PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST 



Preceding- chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
"war, and we now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity 
oT the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili- 
zation. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 




A REPRESENTATIVE PIOXEER. 



■s^< 



of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
inciting cause of the immigration wliich overflowed the prairies early in 
the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
Black Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
former city to Kaskaskia led almost through a wilderness. Vegetables 
and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



87 



lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
Illinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south 
ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 




LINCOLN MONUMENT, SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 

them but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
and made their way to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in 
Northern Illinois petty settlements scoi-es of miles apart, although the 
southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us, 



88 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
fully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 




the vast armies of the Union fell largely to the Governors of the Western 
States. The struggle, on the whole, had a marked effect for the better on the 
new Northwest, giving it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have 
produced. In a large degree, this prosperity was an inflated one; and, with 
the rest of the Union, we have since been compelled to atone therefor by four 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 89 

years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has been 
quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have 
cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from 
the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the 
seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 

At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the 
nation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates; but experienced 
navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
and Missouri. 

As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly, 
and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 

More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 

Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
for tlie past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
principles which should govern the country. 

In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one 
can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
of actualities that fill tiie columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 



90 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the same radical change in onr great Northwest which characterizes its 
history for the j^ast tliirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the 
cattle raising districts of the southwest. 

Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be tlie growth of 
the food of the world, in which bi*anch it has already outstripped all 
competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile 
plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new 
empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in 
Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
in the matter is on the increase. 

To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
the outbreak of the great panic of 1878, when Canadian purchasers, 
fearing the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition 
of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It maj^ be justly 
claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries, 
and jtheir labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
government was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation 
and compulsion. Tlie hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
farm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



91 



nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 

Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which hids 
fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 




our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except 
food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly 
increasing beyond those of any other region. 



92 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 
panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
Now that prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
and leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger 
agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- 
gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines 
running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines, 
and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne 
and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 

Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobl)ing trade 
of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold 824,000,000 of 
dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
placed here their distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



9.^ 



Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
over New York. 

Cliicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months, 
they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the 
prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on 
behalf of home interests. 

It is impossible to forecast tin- destiny of this grand and growing 
section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision. 







HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 



95 



CHICAGO. 

It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch 
of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the 
Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water, 
and next of fire ; sown in weakness, and raised in power ; planted among 
the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ; 
sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea , 





CHICAGO IJV I800. 



the youngest city of the ■world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas- 
cus, the oldest city of the Avorld, is the eye of the desert. With a com- 
merce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to 
the East ; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou- 
sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber ; 



96 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

■with schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens : with liberties more con- 
spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first 
Curthao-e, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem — set 
your thoughts on all this, lifted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of 
its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the 
divinity of its resurrection, and you will feel, as I do, the utter impossi- 
bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her 
importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized 
world. 

When the doubt of her calamity was removed, and the horrid fact 
was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all 
lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not 
shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red- 
dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All 
eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the 
scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopylce, or 
Salamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill. 

Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common 
property of mankind. 

The early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his- 
tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property^ 
and is cherished by every patriot. 

Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000 
acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com- 
mands general attention. 

The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the 
West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John 
Kinzie became his successor in 180-1, in which year Fort Dearborn was 
erected. 

A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time 
of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a 
cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set- 
tlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were 
divided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it and one 
against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced 
660 acres. 

The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain 
and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first 
exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports 
first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so 
weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the 
wagon-load in the street. 

I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 97 

line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the 
bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of 
business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators 
will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce 
handled in a year is 1215,000,000, and the produce weighs 7,000,000 
tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each 
minute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United 
States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of 
grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in 
1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and 
doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest graia 
markets in Europe. 

The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In 
1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876, 60,000. The 
manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000. 

No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate 
that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came 
thundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But 
who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets ? In June, 1852, 
there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The 
old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now, 
who can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or 
connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering 
in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north 
of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads, 
you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world, 
as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that 
the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is 
this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this 
seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See 
the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections. 

Pass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There 
is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping 
along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior 
regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left, 
swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months 
in the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural 
belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another 
branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State. 
Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con- 
nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road, 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of 



98 



HISTOIIY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




OLD FORT DEARBORN, 1830. 




PRESENT blXE OF LAlvK blKEKl liiUDui:, CHICAGO, IN I60O. 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 99 

branches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River. 
I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central, 
described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around 
we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The 
Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & 
Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen- 
tral and Great Western, give us niany highways to the seaboard. Thus we 
reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf 
itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts- 
burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water 
courses of the lakes and the rivers, b'Token just enough at this point to 
make a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that 
stretch from ocean to ocean. 

This is the neck of the glass, and. the golden sands of commerce 
must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles 
of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth 
in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible 
instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure 
one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her 
citizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural 
order of events, they will not be easily diverted. 

There is still another showing to all this. The connection between 
New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit- 
ably through Chicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas 
Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne. 
But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to 
Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav- 
ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota, 
Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi- 
cago. 

But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or 
fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city. 
Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look- 
ing up the Red River country to the British possessions ; the Chicago, 
Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line ; the Baltimore & 
Ohio; the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes; the Chicago & LaSalle Rail- 
road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati ; the Chicago and Canada 
Southern ; the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their 
connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in 
process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new 
tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be 
added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not 
less than $1,000,000,000. 



100 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine 
minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the 
canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and 
you will see something of the business of the city. 

THE COMMERCE OF THIS CITY 

has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country 
around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of 
820,000,000. In 1870 it reached $400,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed 
up above $450,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that. 

One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain 
enough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a 
semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch ia 
not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal 
is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean 
vessels will continue to control the trade. 

The banking capital of Chicago is $24,431,000. Total exchange in 
1875, $659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was $294,000,000. 
The rate of taxes is less than in any other great city. 

The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu- 
lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six 
and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record. 

In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went 
on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers 
and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often only one mail 
a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post- 
master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes 
for the nabobs and literary men. 

It is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the 
active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has grown to 
a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the 
intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place, 
that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to 
Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory 
immediately tributary to St. Louis. 

The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling 
as the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the 
river, and put himself under bonds to carry all the citizens free for the 
privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large bridoes 
and two tunnels. 

In 1833 the government expended $30,000 on the harbor. Then 
commenced that series of manoeuvers with the river that has made it one 



HISTORY OF THE NURTHWEST. lOl 

of the world's curiosities. It used to wind around in the lower end of 
the town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the 
foot of Madison street. They took it up and pat it down where it now 
is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts 
had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake 
street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in 
which to turn around. 

In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank 
roads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping yon 
out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The 
wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was 
delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse- 
power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets 
till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The 
first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859. 
Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them 
to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm 
telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city 
grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes 
amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed $60 more for 
opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan 
of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than 
plunge the town into such a gulf. 

Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles 
of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed 
by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average 
of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water 
of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels 
extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy- 
sis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface, 
it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in 
diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per 
day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, 
running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal- 
lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water- 
mains. 

The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting 
the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting 
the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels 
under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the 
turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the 
old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about 



102 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

equally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and 
to the healtli of the cit}'. 

That wliich really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul, 
the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been 
touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely 
women marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk- 
ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch- 
ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them. 
But when once they are aroused on some subject, they put on new pro- 
portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out 
from its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power. 
They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder 
why they are in such high demand. So it is with our city. 

There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the 
other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth, 
a j30wer, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon 
ceases to believe in im^^ossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are 
disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has 
been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all 
the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation. 

The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are, 
first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and 
receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that 
do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities. 
They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both 
these laws help Chicago. 

The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across 
the map. The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the 
business. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year, 
and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the 
great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping 
south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis- 
tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati, 
instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of 
dominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — farther off than 
Paris is from London, — and yet they are near enough to prevent the 
springing up of any other great city between them. 

St. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also 
hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running 
over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up 
the Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea- 
port at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis. 

Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one- 



HISTORY OP THE NORTHWEST. 103 

fourth of the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast 
divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the 
South in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their 
treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery 
of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the 
thousand years; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a 
summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that 
insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits 
of natural wealth in mines and forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder 
of to-day, and will be the city of the future. 

MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. 

During the war of 1812, Fort Dearborn became the theater of stirring 
events. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of 
Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs. 
Kinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi- 
dents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu- 
tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and 
a few Canadian voyageurs^ with their wives and children. The soldiers 
and Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies 
and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not 
win them from their attachment to the British. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and 
his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing 
into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming : " The Indians ! the 
Indians!" "What? Where?" eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. "Up 
at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, 
when the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined) 
living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took 
refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day 
old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the 
fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who 
hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several 
weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed. 

On the 7th of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to 
Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United 
States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order. 
The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom 
than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make 
the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and 
let the Indians make distribution for themselves ; and while they are 
engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne." 



HISTORY OF THE JSORTHWEST. 105 

Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of 
the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed 
that treachery was designed — that the Indians intended to murder the 
white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain 
Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displayino- a 
cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved 
his life. 

Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not 
to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions amono- 
them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites. 
Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of 
war ; and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other 
property had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into 
the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed. 

Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said: 
" Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the 
march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had 
crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty 
going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the 
surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com- 
plaints and threats. 

On the following day when preparations were making to leave the 
fort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend- 
ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon 
the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far 
distant, with a band of mounted Miarais, of whose tribe he was chief, 
having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle. When 
news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this 
force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late. 
Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and 
arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the loth. 

It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications 
were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people ; and 
when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was 
like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa- 
sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. 

Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token 
of his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt. 
Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his 
personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied 
them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be 
taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event of 
his death. 



106 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 107 

The procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached 
the sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie 
escort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those 
hills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had 
kept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back. Wells exclaim- 
ing, " They are about to attack us ; form instantly." These words were 
quickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the 
little hills which the treacherous savages had made the covert for their 
murderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove 
them back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty- 
four soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly 
Miamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors. 
The white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. 
Ensign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his 
knees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of 
his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest 
coolness and courage. He said to her, " We have not the slightest chance 
for life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you.'' 
And then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a 
demon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk 
them all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, " If that is your 
game, butchering women and children, I will kill too." He spurred his 
horse towards the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and 
papooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets 
whistling after him. One of these killed his horse and wounded him 
severely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him 
their prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made 
a captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce 
them to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a squaio, when 
the enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped 
upon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel 
with savage delight ! 

In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald 
was an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She 
fought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though 
faint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage 
raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face, 
and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language, 
" Surely you will not kill a squaw ! " The arm of the savage fell, and 
the life of the heroic woman was saved. 

Mrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with 
a stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, 
she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant 



108 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

seized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get 
hold of his scalping knife, which hung in a sheath at his breast. While 
she was thus struggling she was dragged from her antagonist by anc ':her 
powerful Indian, who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin 
of the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by 
him so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was 
in the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life. 

The wife of Sergeant Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as 
bravely as an Amazon. She rode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the 
Indians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their 
guns, for the purpose of dismounting her ; but she used the sword which 
she had snatched from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled 
them ; and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie, 
followed by the savages shouting, " The brave woman ! the brave woman ! 
Don't hurt her ! " They finally overtook her, and while she was fighting 
them in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the 
neck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made 
captives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but 
was afterwards ransomed. 

In this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and 
wounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only 
twenty-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians 
rendered furious by the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking 
through the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the 
prairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered 
on their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and 
showed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on 
the part of the whites to renew the fight ; and so Capt. Heald went for- 
ward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender 
were soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should 
give up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should become 
prisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as soon as practicable. 
With this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian 
camp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and 
suffering by Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned 
that her husband was safe. 

A new scene of horror was now opened at the Indian camp. The 
wounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter- 
preted by the Indians, and the British general, Proctor, having offered a 
liberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the 
wounded men were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was 
afterwards paid by the British government. 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 

The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the 
irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it 
is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
by our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large 
as Scotland ; but when we consider the relative area of surflice which may be 
made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
no comparison with Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
gineer corps within the State. 

Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 

nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 

1 no 



110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

o-ently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
wholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain, with no mountain or hill 
ranges within its borders. 

A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
point, in straight lines across it : 

From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 

From the N, E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake o feetO inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 

From the S. W corner to the highest ridge between the two 

great rivers (in Ringgold County)... 4 feet 1 inch per mile 

From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 

From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
River) 4 feet inches per mile. 

It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of 
the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
formation of valleys out of the general level, Avhich have been evolved by the 
action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 

It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
physical features are most strongly marked. 

DRAINAGE SYSTEM. 

The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 

The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two-thirds of the en- 
tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
line running southward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
part of Adair County. 

From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
County, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and 
lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
son, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 

RIVERS. 

All Streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 

The drift and bluff deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
general prairie level. 

The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
the open country where there are no bridges. 

The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandy, 
not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
tributed throughout the mass^ in shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof. Swallaw 
gives it the name of "bluff," which is here adopted; the term Lacustral would 
have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
excavated wnth a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
which falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it; neither 
does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within 
the drift and the stratified formations. 

The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
broad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 

This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to that 
which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 



112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
formed a hike-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history 
of its vallcv. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, Avas 
about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment which the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
waters, to a depth of more than sufficient to have drained the lake of its first 
waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
so fiir as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are 
composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
alono- the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 

All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
branches of other larger tributaries of that great river , or, if they empty into 
the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
from their sources to their mouths. 

Chariton and Grand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty 
miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
(commonly termed "bottoms "), the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except 
where modified by sandy washings. 

A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sidrs 
along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries are 
mostly prairie streams. 

Platte Iliver. — This river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches 
pass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
drain a large region of country. 

Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 113 

The term " drift deposit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
aud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
acter in different parts of the State. 

The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
our wells and springs is too '' hard " for washing purposes ; and the same sub- 
stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suifi- 
cient flux when used for the manufacture of brick. 

One Hundred and Two River is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
of which have the same general character of those just described. The country 
around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
prairie. 

Nodaway River. — This stream is represented by east, middle and west 
branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with 
beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 

Nislmahotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County. 
Both these branches, from their source to their confluence — and also the main 
stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the bluff 
deposit. The West Nishnabotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnabotany loses its identity 
by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
fertility. 

Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied bv the 
bluff deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
sage. The only I'ocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff deposit. 
The source of this river is in Sac County. 



114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldier River, — The east and middle branches of this stream have tlieir 
source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
along its course. 

Little Sioux River. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part cf Cherokee 
County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
and Osceola .Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
entering Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
between Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance. 
No exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
Sioux or any of its branches. 

Floyd River. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
ing southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
it is not valuable for such purposes. 

Rock River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
was evidently so named from the fact that considerable exposures of the red 
Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a 
few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State the main stream and 
its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 

Big Sioux River. — The valley of this river, from the northwest corner of 
the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
cades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
with a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
defined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 

agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
presents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
found exposed in the face of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
dams insecure. 

Missouri River. — This is one of th-e muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. 
Much the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
tillable. 

The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character 
from those of the western, system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
streams of the western system. 

Des Moines River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
branches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures 
of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas- 
ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
carboniferous rocks pass beneath the liver again, bringing down the coal-measure 
strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 



116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
part of Lee County, the strata 'of the lower coal measures are present in the 
valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
of the formation of the valley. 

The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
rocky cliffs. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
of extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense 
power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
coal fields. 

Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
clay soil, which, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
this river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
eastern system. 

Iowa River.— HW?, river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad, 
slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
County. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
ble mill sites. 

Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the 
Iowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117 

of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the 
trend occupied bj that formation. 

The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
sides slope so gently as to scarcely show Avhere the lowlands end and the up- 
lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its 
branches aSbrd abundant and reliable mill sites. 

Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
sites are unusually secure. 

Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
like other Iowa rivers. The difference is due to the great depth they have 
eroded their valleys and tlie diiferent character of the material through which 
they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winnesheik 
County, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 
two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 

Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mis- 
sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufiicient for the location of 
small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higlier 
surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
come into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The town 



118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Decorah, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
makes it a lovely location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 

Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from 
one to eight miles in width. The whole space between the bluffs is occupied by 
the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
or remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest 
floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
bluffs approach the sti'eam on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear 
by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
southeastern corner of the State. 

Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
The others may be properly termed fluvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have 
had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from 
the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now 
found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. 

The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the 
head waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them 
in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 

Dickinson County ; Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
Bunea Vista County. 

Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border resting directly 
on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
Its shores are mostly gravelly, and tlie country about it fertile. 

Ohohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
distance westward, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- 
tion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some 
places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
pleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
water fowl. 

Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
watershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 

Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area 
of between four and five square miles. t 

The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled 
Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, 
to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
in Avinter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the 
middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 

SPRINGS. 

Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, 
but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the 
name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 



120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata 
of the age of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the 
valley of that stream. 

No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
though the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with 
soluble mineral substances. 

ORIGIN OP THE PRAIRIES. 

It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from 
those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may 
have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- 
ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real 
cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty 
years ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. 

The soil of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose 
soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is 
tillable land. 

GEOLOGY. 

The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
only possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area 
of surface, and the alluvial least. 

All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to a 
considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota ; but the greater part of Iowa 
drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
short distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift 
soil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the inconstant 
elements* are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
known as the Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
elsewhere. The same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- 
tion furnishing the sand. 

In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 



121 



cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 

In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- 
ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
with the limestones of that region. 

The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff 
deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 

The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom 
lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
highest floods, and is very productive. 

The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
their order : 



SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 



Cretaceous 

Carboniferous.. 

Devonian 

Upper Silurian 

Lower Silurian 
Azoic 



GROaPS. 

PERIODS. 



FORxMATIONS. 

EPOCHS. 



f Post Tertiary. 



Lower Cretaceous. 



Coal Measures. 



Subcarboniferous . 



Hamilton 

Niagara 

Cincinnati 

Trenton. 

Primordial. 
iHuronian 



^Dnft 

Inoceramous bed 

Woodbury Sandsto?ie and Shales.. 

Nishnabotany Sandstone 

Upper Coal Measures 

Middle Coal Measures 

Lower Coal Measures 

St. Louis Limestone 

Keokuk Limestone... 

Burlington Limestone 

Kiuderhook beds 

Hamilton Limestone and Shales. 

Niagara Limestone 

,Maquoketa Shales 

Galena Limestone 

Trenton Limestone 

St. Peter's Sandstone 

Lower Magnesian Limestone 

Potsdam Sandstone 

;Sioux Quartzite.' 



THICKNESS. 

IN FEET. 



10 



to 200 

50 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

75 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 



THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 

The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 



122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 

LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 

Potsdam Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. 

It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 

No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 

Lower Magnesium Lhnestone. — This formation has but little greater geo- 
graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
building purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
near McGregor. 

St. Peter s Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
drift. 



TRENTON GROUP. 



Trenton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- 
makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 

In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
science and peculiar to Iowa. 

The Galena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and 
fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, 
Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
with a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 

though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, -which traverse the 
rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
phuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 

CINCINNATI GROUP. 

Maquoketa Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more 
than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Its economic 
value is very slight. 

Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
acteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
formation from any others of the group. 

UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA G^OrP. 

Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles 
wide. 

This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
Farley are all opened in this formation. 

DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 

HAMILTON GROUP. 

Hamilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
eastward. 

Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
•varthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 



124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the 
production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
material requiring strength and durability. 

All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 

The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
Iowa City, and is known as " Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble." 

CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 

Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
found in Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 

The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the coal field. 
From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
to the northeastern corner of Jefierson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 

The Kinderhook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now 
known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs 
which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- 
ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 

The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 

some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
ornamental and useful objects. 

In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 

The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
that can be referred to the sub-kingdom vertebrata ; and so far as yet recog- 
nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 

Of ARTICULATES, Only two species have been recognized, both of which 
belong to the genus phiUipsia. 

The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. 

The RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 

The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
vailing classes are : lameUibranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions ; and 
brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 

No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
formation. 

The Burlington Liinestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- 
reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
sions are eminently crinoidal. 

The southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. 

This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 

The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
parts of the world. 

The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
common at the present day, are found in these rocks. On Buffington Creek, in 
Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged Avith these remains 
that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 

Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus phiUipsia. 

Fossil shells are very common. 

The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented in the 
genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class — echino- 
derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 



126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 

In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 

The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
They vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. 

The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
post offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 

The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging 
to the order selachians, some of which indicate that their owners .reached a 
length of twenty-five or thirty feet. 

Of the articulates, only two species of the genus philUpsia have been found 
in this formation. 

Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 

Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera are found, 
but crinoids are most abundant. 

Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 

The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
it consists of long, narrow strips, yet its exten^ is very great. It is first seen 
resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska 
Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in 
Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
ceous and calcareous. 

The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 

Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the 
remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 

articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus phiUipsia, and 
two ostracqid, genera, cythre and beyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
two preceding it. 

The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 

The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
Iowa. 

Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- 
iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
America. 

It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
miles. 

At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
formed, and to the northeastAvard its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 

THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 

The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
ness of about two hundred feet. 

A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, wnll represent the eastern 
and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencing at the 
southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
of Jefferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 



128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County ; thence west- 
ward to a point a little north of "Webster City, in Hamilton County; and 
thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster 
County. 

Loiver Coal Measures. — In consequence of the recedence to the southward 
of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also 
occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly 
dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
river. 

No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the 
lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes 
a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures 
is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures. 
is not well supplied with stone. 

But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of 
marine origin. 

Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the clasa 
acrogens. Specimens of ealamites, and several species of ferns, are found in 
all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed 
later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 

Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison^ 
Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose. 

This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone 
occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which offer many con- 
trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
is also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which 
indicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have 
been discovered 

Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the 
shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants — 
three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. 
Radiates are represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
sented. Trilohites and ostraeoids are the only remains known of articulates. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 

Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salacJmms, or sharks, and 
ganoids. 

Upper Coal Measures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
the middle coal measures. 

The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
it contains a considerabl ^ proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. 

The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 

The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cejjJialapoda, 
gasteropoda, lameUi, branchiata, hraehiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
composed of their small fusiform shells. 

CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 

There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
upon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip 
of their own to the north of westward, Avhich, however, is very slight. 
Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
tion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
glacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 

It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
will approximate the outlines of the area : 

From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
corner of Cass County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County; 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

thence to Sergeant's bluifs ; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of 
beginning. 

All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 

Nishnabotany Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the north- 
ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
mous leaves. 

Woodhury Sandstones and Shales. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- 
botany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County, 
hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluffs, seven 
miles below Sioux City. 

This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 

Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, 
leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. 

Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 

The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, 
or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti- 
mated, contain the following areas : 

Counties. Acres. 

Cerro Gordo 1,500 

Worth 2,l00 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 * 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson gO 

Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 

named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish two hundred and 
fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 

GYPSrM. 

The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
in the form of ordinary rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
similar positions along both sides of the valleys o^ the smaller streams and of 
the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. 

The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
lying drift. There can be no doubt that the different parts of this deposit, now 
disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
from twenty to sixty feet. 

The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
scape. 

As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 



132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
Fort Dodge. 

The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
deposit does not occur in "heaps " or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
of darker shade. The gypsum of the Avhite lines is almost entirely pure, the 
darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufficient in 
amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but 
although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
feet thick. 

Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
of clayey material Avithout doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
probably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the 
glacial epoch ; and it has, doubtless, also suffered some diminution of thickness 
since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
against the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial 
imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof 
Emery's report. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 

Besides the clayey beds that are sonetimes seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same 
a^e, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 

Ar/e of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
tion of its geological age been observed, except that "which is afforded by its 
stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said with certainty is that it 
is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
are, however, of considerable value. 

As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
the lower, coal measures ; but going southward from there, the Avhole series of 
coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. 
The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
Permian rocks of Kansas; and through this long series, there is no place or 
horizon which suggests that the gypsum de]30sit might belong there. 

Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
palffiozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age, 
perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 

Lithological Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the 
lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition 
of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been 
found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminoe of alter- 
nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
evidently sedimentary in its character. From these facts, and also from the 
further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 



134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
held suspended in the same waters. 

Phjsical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects from 
that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
tion with those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
ysis by Prof Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from lo top 
to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 

When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
rities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its 
value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 

In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
rapidly passing away when a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
difficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country 
adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it 
more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
source. 

For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
for the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
to be comparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 

can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too 
slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 

One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
fine residence of it. in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
which come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 

The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his 
holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
great facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 

Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these 
cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 



136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course 
not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. 

The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
within the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
gypsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they 
had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
the same substance is found in similar small quantities and under similar con- 
ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
deposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 

The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
had a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
right angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
No anhydrous sulphate of lime {anhi/drite) has been found in connection with 
the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known. 

SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 

(Celes'ine.) 

The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
Iowa, or, so far as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is 
fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- 
tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
both the upper and under surfaces of the layer ; those of the upper surface 
being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
those of the shales which imbed it. 

The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137 

the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical 
value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 

[Barijtis, Heavy Spar.) 

This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
Counties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
crystalline masses. 

SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 

[Fpsomtte.) 

Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
quantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water. The epsomite 
mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliflF. The projection 
of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
dition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
sults. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine 
article of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 

• CLIMATOLOGY. 

No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
great value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof. T. 
S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 



138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
able to health. 

The highest temperature here occurs in August, while July is the hottest 
month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 

The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
while that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and 
December. 

The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
16th to February 15th, the average being January 20th — the range in each 
case being two full months. 

The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of 
the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the most healthful States 
in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 




HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 

Iowa, in the symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- 
itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this 
magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
River was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
empire lying west of the "Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
south to British America on the north, and westAvard to the Pacific Ocean, was 
a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, which, 
until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in America. 

Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in 
^lay of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 

In accordance with the usage of nations, under wdiich title to the soil was 
claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of 
Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery 
gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no 
effort to occupy it; by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her 
title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower jNIississippi 
Valley was re-discovered and occupied by Frnnce. 

The unparalleled labors of the zealous Fr( nc i Jesuits of Canada in penetrating 
the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
Superior in September, and sailed along the south >rn coast in search of copper, 
had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 



140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the story of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of which 
they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great river, 
and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 

The purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- 
tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
quette, in 1669. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established 
the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits 
of the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 

About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 

When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
;5hip to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
Chicago. 

In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law- 
rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
Government. 

Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
^•emn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 

The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was 
finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by 
white men. 

The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, 
were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel 
and bloodthirsty, -and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. 
The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
swallow both canoes and men. 

But Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
ports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, 
even to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He 
prayed with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
ing, on the 13th day of May, 1673, with Joliet and five Canad'an-French voy- 
ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where 
Marquette was delighted to find " a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town, ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which 
these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141 

the pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
abundant chase. " 

This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- 
snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- 
pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion 
of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
no fear of death, to wliich he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 

Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
ing them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 

On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
west bank of the river and landed a little above the mouth of the river now 
known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
Leaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come 
to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
this band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
in-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood. 
This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
(Monk's River), its present name. 

Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. 
Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journey. 

It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 

In 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
the name of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
region watered by the great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he 
called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 

" Louis the Great, King op France and Navarre, 
Reigning April 9th, 1682." 

At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
covery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 



142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 

The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
east, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters 
on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence,- the 
guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to 
be inherited." 

By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
Louisiana ; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
crown and the people that a change in the government and policy of the country 
was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
on the Gulf was closed against his vessels ; the occupation of Louisiana was 
deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
bition of France. 

Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to 
develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he 
actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
prosperity Avhich it ever possessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
viduals, "who liad succeeded in instituting a little barter bjtwe^n themselves 
and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
August, 1717." 

Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
more magnificent scheme Avas inaugurated. The national government of France 
was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
appeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a 
legal existence of twenty-five years, and conferred ujjon it more extensive powers 
and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
France, and with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author- 
ized to monopolize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties with the 
Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
ships of war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Law's 
Bank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
to adoi)t and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever 
blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it 
Avas accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most powerful man 
in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
Finance. 

Among the first operations of the Company was to send eight hundred 
emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine' Island in 1718. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 

In 1719, Philipe Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
it extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. 

The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, 
and the Company Avas declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
was impoverished by it, both private and public credit were overthrown, capi- 
talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left Avithout employ- 
ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous. 

While this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against 
the French. The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
yet it was not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were 
finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
River, and driven west in 174(j. 

The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732, 
the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1785, Bien- 
ville returned to assume command for the King. 

A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and 
skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 

In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative 
commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River 
was comparatively unknown. 

In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than 
in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- 
able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 

In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
hundred "converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 

In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of 
which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve 
their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the 
slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 



144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ments toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
the great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every 
Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 

The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most aftected by 
the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this 
purpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir- 
ginia, and had commenced a line of foi'ts extending from the lakes to the Ohio 
River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
vast importance of an immediate and eifectual resistance on the part of all 
the English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
French. 

In lies, Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a 
young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant "a reason 
for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the 
Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 

In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and Washington, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
the forks of the Ohio, w^ith orders to "finish the fort already begun there l)y the 
Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all Avho interrupted the 
English settlements." 

On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, 
through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the 
rocks, and as they ran to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting 
about a quarter of an hour ensued ; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
hawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were 
soon re-enfoi'ced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th, Washingfon accepted 
terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
the Ohio. 

This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of 
France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the " French and 
Indian War" devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
and all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 
1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
by therespective governments, on the 3d of November, 1 762 — France relinquished 
to Great Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east 
side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 

whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rockj 
Mountains, and the jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
a century, was ended. 

At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
all the territory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
first parallel of north latitude. At the same time, Great Britain ceded to 
Sjjain all the Floridas, comprising all the territory east of the Mississippi and 
south of the southern limits of the United States. 

At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
Avas under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
miles of its course flowed wholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
dary of the United States. 

The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish (Jrown, and 
as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 

Tlie people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
them, only Avhile their numbers Avere insufficient to enable them to maintain 
their right by force. InevitaMy, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
the treaty of 1783, the AVe.^tcrn people began to demand the free navigation 
of the Mississippi — not as a i'lvor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
the river, below the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military 
posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
ports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the 
river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
ous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1700 ; but Spain held it as 
her right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people, 
that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
ment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan Avas 
to induce the Western people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 

Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them 
that the Spanish Government Avould grant them fiivorable commercial privileges, 
provided they Avould secede from tlie Federal Government east of the mountains. 
The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
correspondent tliat, unless the Western people Avould declare their independence 



146 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain was determined never to grant the 
free navigation of the Mississippi. 

By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip- 
ulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width, 
should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 

In November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus 
King, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
and France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui- 
siana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed. 

The change offered a favorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
United States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
government west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803, 
the American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
" unalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rigrhts of navi- 
gation and commerce through the River Mississippi, as established by existing 
treaties." 

In the same month. President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed 
Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Monroe to the Court of 
Spain, with plenary powers to negotiate treaties to effect the object enunciated 
by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
that part of Louisiana lying on the west side of the Mississippi. In fact, on 
the 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain- 
ing a plan which expressly left to France "all her territory on the west side of 
the Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
ous L^nion of States west of the "Father of Waters." 

In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this 
plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Prime Minister, when that courtly diplo- 
matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be willing 
to cede the whole French domain in North America to the United States, and 
asked how much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. Liv- 
ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley- 
rand thought that not enough, but asked the Americans to "think of it." A 
few days later, Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain 
for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
He had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
and he was " anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a 
mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and twenty-five million 
francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1803. 

This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized 
to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
Accordingly, on the 20th day of December foil .wing, on behalf of the Presi- 
dent, Gov. Clairborne and Gen. Wilkiuson took possession of the Louisiana 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 

purchase, and raised the American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New 
Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to France in 
1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
drew her opposition early in 1804. 

By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal 
of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to 
British America. 

If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
the United States w'ould have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
lying east of the Mississippi River, and while the American people would thus 
have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile 
empire on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
resources, would have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To 
Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was 
done, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
Louisiana purchase. 

By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly 
acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided : that part 
lying south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
under the authority of the ofiicers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
it was organized, with territorial government of its own, and so remained until 
1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of 
July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
Arkansas, and the country to the westward, was organized into the Arkansas 
Territory. 

On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
west of the Mississippi River and north of Missouri was made a part of the 
Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 1836, Wiscon- 
sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 

By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 

TERRITORY OF lOAVA 

was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 

THE ORIGINAL OWNERS. 

Having traced the early history of the great empire lying west of the Mis- 
sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
covery to the organization of the Territory of low^a, it becomes necessary to 
give some history of 

THE INDIANS OF lOAVA. 

According to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title 
to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, 



148 HISTOIIY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
never been dispossessed ; and it became necessary to purchase again what had 
already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- 
tory of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, 
that cannot be omitted. v 

For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin 
soil of Iowa, not d single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and 
fertile prairies, hunted in her woods, fished in her streams, and often poured out 
their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
fierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
In these savage wars, the weaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was 
either exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds. 

In 1678, when Marquette discovered loAva, the Illini were a very powerful 
people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again 
visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of 
the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
fought their way Avestward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common 
with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, 
in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally warlike foes, the 
Northern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the posses- 
sion of the country for many years. 

When the United States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
sissippi, by the Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed 
the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, 
also, occupied the most of the State of Illinois. 

The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz, : 
Their- largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties enc oun- 
tered by the Government in tlie extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this 
region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island ; another was on the east bank of 
the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River; the third was at ihe 
head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
was near the mouth of the LTpper Iowa. 

The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of tlie 
Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 149 

miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on 
Turkey River. 

The lowas, at one time identifier] with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on 
the Des Moines River, in Yan Buren County, on the site where lowaville now 
stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 

'■ Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day 
time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
warfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in lergth, and two miles 
wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises 
perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a tliick forest, and the immediate bank of 
the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
the river bank, was s'tuated the Iowa village. About two miles above it, and near the middle of 
the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on 
its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
country rises abruptly into elevated broken river blutfs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
for the stealthy approach of the foe. 

" Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them 
in their contemplated attack on the town daring tlie following night. From this situation their 
spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 

"At the foot of the mouml above mentioned, the lowas had their race course, where they diverted 
themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and 
defense carefully inculcated, by which meansa skill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. 
Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 

" Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the 
advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
ordered Black Hawk to file off with his joung warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover 
of the timber along the river bank, au'i with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a sinmltaneous assault on 
the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. Tlie plan 
was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the 
village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabitants, by firino' 
one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalp- 
ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as soon as the 
fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 

" On the instant of the report of fire arms at the village the forces under Pash-a-po-po 
leaped from their couthant position in the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished and 
unarmed lowas in the midst of their r.-.cing sports. The fir.-t impulse of tbe latter natuially led 
them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their 
wives and ch 1 Iren from the attack of their merciless assaihxnts. The distance from the pl::c3 of 
attack on i he prairie was two nules, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and 
tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and 
the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their 
whole village was in flnmes, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heaps 
amidst the devouring elem?nt, an 1 the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with th? exu'ting 
shouts of the victorious foe, fiUel their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives an 1 children 
who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were in 
the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and 
defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines River, 
which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
Hills." 

The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, 
hod a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took nossession 



150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
sixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
1825, the Secretary of War estnnated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
at 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
upper rapids of the Mississippi, where the beautiful and flourishing towns of 
Rock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque blufl's 
along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
squash and other vegetables, with little labor; the abundance of wild fruit, 
game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
nation. 

North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of tlie 
Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their 
rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was 
established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties, 
caused them to ([uarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon 
each other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre- 
lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
of the line, and thas throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
neither let an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved. 

In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and 
Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the "neutral 
ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party of Sioux were 
encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter- 
mined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a 
point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, where they Avere able to dis- 
cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail- 
ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One 
of the Musquakas was shot in the breast by a squaw as they were rushing into 
tlie Sioux's camp. He started to run away, when the same brave squaw shot 
him through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three 
other Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ' 151 

party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
and made their way home, with their captive, with all possible expedition. 

pike's expedition. 

Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the 
conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it Avas possessed, and, 
also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, 
had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post, Captains Lewis and Clark, 
with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the 
Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, 
on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
Rapids, where Pike met William Evving, who had just been appointed Indian 
Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
Fox warriors. 

At the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is now situated. Pike held a 
council with the Indians, in which he addressed them substantially as follows : 
"Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of 
red people in our newlv acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
At the close of the council he presented the red men Avith some knives, whisky 
and tobacco. 

Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 28d of August, at what is 
supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as 
being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the 
river runs on that shore; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular; 
nearly level on top ; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
river, a short distance below tbe mouth of the Henderson, which pours its Avaters 
into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from 
the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have 
been the place selected by him, Avhile all the circumstances corroborate the 
opinion that the place he selected was the spot Avhere Burlington is now located, 
called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." 

On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
two favorite dogs, which lie had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
waited some time for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
it inexpedient to detam the boat longer, tAvo of his men volunteered to go in pur- 



152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

suit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two 
men wouhl soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days 
were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
Dubuque. 

At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, 
who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field 
piece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
visited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- 
lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer 
obtained but little information from him. 

After leaving this place. Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
tory of another State. 

It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
23, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. 
On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the 
then powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up that river on both sides, along the great 
lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
the north and west, to the Rocky jMountains, embracing within the scope of 
their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing 
his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 30th of April, 1806. 

INDIAN WARS, 

The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the United States, 
,and was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by 
the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. 
Before it could be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that 
the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The 
accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by 
Indian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act 
of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 

As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- 
trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who 
were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
encroachments of the pale fiices. 

Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the 
Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in 
1767. He was simply the chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his 
energy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
fighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 

tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some historians have added to the statement 
that " it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
the qualifications of a successful leader." If this was so, his life was a marvel. 
How any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
inent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
to have been the '' victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the 
Americans, ' but the impartial historian must admit that if he Avas the enemy 
of theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason. 

It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and Avere invited to be 
present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from 
regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
his life he says : " I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
States Avere about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out 
of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
our village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 

On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty was concluded between William 
Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United 
States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by Avhich the latter, in con- 
sideration of tAvo thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' Avorth of goods 
then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
goods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of 
the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 

To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider 
it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. 

The year folloAving this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils Avith the Indians and select- 
ing sites for forts Avithin the territory recently acquired from France by the 
United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American whom 
Black HaAvk ever met or had a personal interview Avith ; and he Avas very much 
prepossessed in Pike's favor. He gives the following account of his visit to 
Rock Island : 

" A boat came up the river Avith a young American chief and a small party 
of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our 
young braves Avatched them every day, to see Avhat sort of people he had on 
board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 



154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

shore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
in turn presented them with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. 
We Avere well pleased with the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
our American father would treat us well." 

The events which soon followed Pike's expedition were the erection of Fort 
Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was 
commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of 
their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in- 
terview with the commander; after which they returned home apparently satis- 
fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison was being erected, they sent down 
another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- 
mg to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was build- 
ing a house for a trader who was coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
soldiei'S were coming to keep him company — a statement which Black Hawk 
says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort was an encroachment 
upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands away from them. 

It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
Madison at the point where it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a 
fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
themselves " that if any citizen of the United States or any other white pei^sons 
should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be 
removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the 
establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
term "settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort 
Madison Avithin the territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indig- 
nant. Not long after the fort was built, a party led by Black Hawk attempted 
its destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of the garrison, who 
ascertained that the soldiers were in the habit of marching out of the foj-t every 
morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal them- 
selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them Avhen they were outside. On 
the morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers eame out and were fired 
upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in 
their movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. However, they 
kept up the attack for several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
fire to the fort with blazing arrows; but finding their eiforts unavailing, ihey 
soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 

When Avar Avas declared between the United States and Great Britain, m 
1812, Black IlaAvk and his band allied themselves with the British, partly 
because he Avas dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because 
they had been deceived by the Americans. Black HaAvk himself declared that 
they were ''forced into the Avar by being deceived." He narrates the circum- 
stances as follows : " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On 
their return, they related what had been said and done. They said the Great 
Father Avished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to 
interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but 
wished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
British traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us 
with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 

chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods; 
that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
British traders had done." 

Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. ''Few 
of us," says Black Hawk, "slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In 
the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an 
express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all 
started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
having been forced into the war by being deceived." 

He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk,", 
decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and 
armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon aban- 
doned the service and came home. 

With all his skill and courage. Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of thfem, at the head 
of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
Peace party." 

Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and havnig all 
the old men and women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined 
the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band" of the 
Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he 
had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
village ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
and cross over to the west side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing 
at the door of the lodge wliere the council was held, not being allowed to enter . 
on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-me 



156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
the desertion of their village, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, 
and oftered to defend the village. The council consented that he should be 
their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 
Keokuk. 

Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the 
nation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. 

Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
(juainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for 
translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of 
a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make 
him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
fication at the bungling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
stood his language, and witness the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his 
audience. 

Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
than his noted and restless cotemporary, Black HaAvk. He knew from the first 
that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on 
could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every argument against 
it. The large number of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black 
Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
the field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
called the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in Avhich he admitted 
the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress Avas a 
noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
vengeance. '' I am your chief," he said, '• and it is ray duty to lead you to bat- 
tle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to go. But before 



niSTORV OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 

jou decide on taking this important step, it is -wise to inquire into the chances of 
success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, 
against whom they would have to contend, that their chance of success Avas 
utterly hopeless. " But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- 
path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will 
kill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering 
deatli of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
the other side of the Mississippi." 

This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was 
presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
don the rash undertaking. 

But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white 
settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
redations. 

When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black 
Hawk was required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty 
at Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not " touch the goose-quill 
to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great 
Avhite chief," at St. Louis. This treaty was a renewal of the treaty of 1804, 
but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by 
signing the treaty he was giving away his village. This weighed upon his mind, 
already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
the whites; and when, a feAv years later, he and his people were driven from 
their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
fathers. 

It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty with various tribes, the 
United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi, 
except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, 
and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 

THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the whites, during the absence of 
tbe chief and his braves on a hupting expedition, on the west side of the 
Mississippi. When they returned, they found their wigwams occupied by white 
families, and their own women, and children were shelterless on the banks of 
the river. The Indians were indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be well 
to remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to which 
they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and it does not 
appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Government. 
If this was true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
But the whites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
against what they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the 
Indians again from their homes to the Avest side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
says he did not intend to be provoked into war by anything less than the blood of 



158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

some of his own people ; in other words, tliat there would be no war unless it should 
be commenced by the pale faces. But it was said and probably thought by the mili- 
tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
war against the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
appear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- 
ence had been that, When w^ell treated, their Indian neighbors were not danger- 
ous. Black Hawk and his band liad done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
on the Iowa sid^ and never recross the river without the permission of the 
President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As Avas usual, the Indian traders had 
dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
without violating their treaty. They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
never to recross the Mississippi witli liostile intent. However this may be, on 
the 6th day of April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women 
and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed 
into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but 
it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians ne\er 
went on the war path encumbered with the old men, their women and their 
children. 

The Gralenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
miles up Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
his march u]) Rock River. Capt, W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
son's company of mounted rangers, says that "Black Hawk and h^s band 
crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his band had had bad luck in 
hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
the Rock and Ilhnois Rivers, by invitation from their chief Other old set- 
tlers, who all agree that Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came 
back to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which 
resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
the Fall and Winter of 1881-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate 
in hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
in one year. If, tlievcfore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the 
fears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
could be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
trader could get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on 
the 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : " I am 
informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on 
the frontier settlements. * * * From every information that I have 
received. I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
Indians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 

yet, from tlie 6th day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by 
firing on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 

It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black 
Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman's Run, Black 
Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined 
to exterminate his people, detei'mined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
sippi. He could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, 
an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis- 
sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to 
this second effort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
tlie pursuit Avas resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles 
before they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not 
be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, overcome by starvation 
and the victorious Avhites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien 
by three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jeff"erson Barracks until the 
Spring of 1833, Avhen he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
the 26th of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained 
till the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to be liberated and 
returned to their own country. By order of the President, he was brought 
back to Iowa through the principal JEastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
all along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he 
received. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation 
was sold, in 1836, when, Avith the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
the Des Moines Reservation, where he remained till his death, Avhich occurred 
on the 3d of October, 1838. 



INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES, 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty was made at a 
council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where now stands the thriving 
city of Davenport, on grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
council, the United States were represented by Gen. Wmfield Scott and Gov. 
Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
fifty miles wide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
Upper Iowa River, containing about ^six million acres. The western line of the 
purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
tribes, for thirty consecutive years, twenty thousand dollars in specie, and to 
pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 



160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

seventeen years and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
Farnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the 
Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fathers had fallen in the 
Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
pork, fifty barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. 

This territory is known as the "Black Hawk Purchase." Although it was 
not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
it Avas the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title Avas extinguished. The treaty 
was ratified February 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, 
when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 

By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
the Sacs and Foxes 400 s(|uare miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- 
Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
tract Avas known as " Keokuk's Reserve, ' and Avas occupied by the Indians until 
1836, wdien, by a treaty made in September betAveen them and Gov. Dodge, of 
Wisconsin Territory, it Avas ceded to the United States. The council was held 
on the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and Avas the largest assem- 
blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
About one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk Avas 
their leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des 
Moines River, where an agency was established for them at what is noAv the 
tOAvn of Agency City. 

Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black HaAvk 
Purchase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the 
island, on the loAva side. This was the first land title granted by the United 
States to an individual in Iowa. 

Soon after the rem.oval of the Sacs and Foxes to their neAv reservation 
on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street Avas transferred from the 
agency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien, to establish an agency 
among them, A farm Avas selected, on Avhich the necessary buildings Avere 
erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at 
the expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent Avas employed to superin- 
tend the farm and dispose of the crops, Tavo mills Avere erected, one on Soap 
Creek and the other on Sugar Creek, The latter Avas soon swept aAvay by a 
flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected 
with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The 
latter was interpreter for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
kuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the two former 
on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in Avhat is now 
'' Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
Among the traders connected Avith the agency were the jNIessrs. Ewing, from 
Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, Avho estab- 
lished his post at Avhat is now the site of Eddyville. 

The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their 
natural and Avonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
been reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal with his 
tribe to Kansas. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 

In May, 1843, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
of the " New Purchase " till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
Spring of 1846. 

1. Treaty with the Sioux — Made July 19, 1815 ; ratified December 16, 1815. This treaty 
was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
1812. 

2. Treaty with the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 
loth of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this, the treaty of 1804 
was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
entirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
in the war just then closed. 

3 Treaty with the Foxes. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
des Sioux, by the same Commissioners, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November 8, 1804, and 
agreed to deliver up all their j^risoners to the officer in command at Fort Clark, now Peoria, 
Illinois. 

4. Treaty uith the loiaas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
as above, on the 16th of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
at the same date as the others. 

5. Treaty with the Sacs of Rock River — Made at St. Louis on the 13th of May, 1816, between 
the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this treaty, that of 1804 
was re established and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sac9 of Rock River, 
and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill."' 

6. Treaty of lS2Ji. — On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by William Clark, Commissioner, 
wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in ^lissouri and that portion 
of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set otf and reserve<l for 
the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In- 
dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 

7. Treaty of August 19, 1S25. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
Cass, at Prairie du Cliien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a lioundary line 
between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows : 

(,'ommencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; "thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
ing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines 
River ; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its 
junction with the ISIissouri River. 

8. Treaty of 1830.— On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
ceded to the United States a strip of couutry lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a 
like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this 
treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend- 
ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This 
territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were 
allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and the 
Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 

9. Treaty wuh the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- 
specting the " Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omaha.*, 
lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 



162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

River to the Missouri River ; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along 
the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River ; thence along said high lands or ridge 
separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
of the Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
beginning. 

It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned 
and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- 
poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to 
pay to the Sacs three thousand dollars ; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars ; to the Sioux, 
two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
Omahas, two thousand five hundred dollars ; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten (successive years. In addition to these annuities, 
the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. 

This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willoughby 
Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 
24, 1831. 

10. Treahj with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832, 
by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and 
in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other 
Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United States should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- 
ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 

11. Treaty of 1832 with the Sacs and Foxes. — Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 

12. Treaty of 1836, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
various parties. 

13. Treaty of 1837.- On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- 
ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west 
and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the noi'th- 
ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the 
United States, and tha^ a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
westwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles." 

This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 

14 Treaty of Relinquishment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
ton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, 
for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. ^ 

15. Treaty of lS42.—The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842 ; 
ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
Chambers, Commissioner on belialf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
" ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
or title." By the terms rf this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part 
of them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 



SPANISH GRANTS. 



While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
Averemadeby the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
be briefly reviewed, 

Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands 
on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of 
Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became 
known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead 
Mines." 

In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
Dubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as " about 
seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 

In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
jointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of 
September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 

Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
of Dubu(£ue under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the 
tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
them, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by 
the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
buque claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the United States, as the 
Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 

The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish then' claim 
without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
miners who commenced Avork under this agent were compelled by the military to 
abandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute 
legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the 
purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was 
non-suited. 

By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque Avas sur- 
veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers, 
Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, Avho 



164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery 
of seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste 
Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States 
for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a Avrit of error, when it 
was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court Avas 
affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease 
or permit to work the mines ; that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
granted, nothing more than the "peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
title." 

G-iard. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana- granted to 
Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
Clayton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during 
the time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the L'nited 
States, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of 
the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the whole tract to James H. 
Lockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 

Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
L^pper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
present town of Montrose, as follows: " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
of the River Des Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." 

Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, who 
obtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was 
purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property was described as 
being " about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time 
Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United 
States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
land in the State of Iowa. 



THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 

Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom were scattered along 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
a race of half-breeds, whose number was never definitely ascertained. There 
were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. ]Muir, a gentleman educated 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 

at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
military post located on tlie present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 

A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as '' The 
Half-Breed Tract.'" This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. 
This line was intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
caused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
to the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison. "• This errone- 
ous line," says Judge Mason, ''has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reservation 
a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present 
toAvnships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
Jackson. 

Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But 
on the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few 
quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There was 
a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians would often claim ownership of 
land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed 
blood by the Indians, and they would then cheat the speculators by selling land 
to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
claimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond, 
until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, 
and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
quarrels ensued. 

To settle these difiiculties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for 
the benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
Brigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effect these 
objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat- 
ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
repealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
the owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution 
the whole of the tract was sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the 
deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title was 
questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 



166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and those holding under him were made by ])oth District and Supreme Courts, 
but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
Hugh T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the 
"judgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were 
brought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the 
final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of 
partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, 
on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
that year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort 
Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of 
half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, who 
was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests 
in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in 
which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the 
lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October 6, 
181:1. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. 



EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa Avas 
made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, Avith a small party of miners, he set- 
tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Mon- 
trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, Avhen his property passed 
into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur 
Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic Avith 
the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at Avhat is noAV Sandusky, six 
miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
tlement on the LoAver Rapids, at Avhat is noAv Nashville. 

The first settlement in Lee County Avas made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, A\dio had been stationed at Fort 
EdAvards, noAV Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin Avhere the city of Keokuk 
now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
acter. While stationed at a military post on the L^pper Mississippi, he had 
married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the folloAving 
romantic account is given : 

The post at which he was stationed was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un- 
moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
according to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, slie had seen her future 
husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to 
him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- 
tion, the doctor honorably married her; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 

officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- 
trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward remarked, when 
speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there 
I was all perished away — so thin ! ' ' The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her 
to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 

After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition 
that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, itis said, returned to 
her people on the Upper Missouri. 

Messrs. Reynolds k. Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with 
his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 

His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
now stands. She w^as probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 

In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir 
having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and 
buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 

Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 

In 1880, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in 
lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to Avork them was 
therefore eminently desirable. 

In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street 
Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a vil- 
lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well re- 
ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as 
guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the 
Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to tlie village, secured the good 
will of the Indians, and, retiwning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- 
tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances Avould permit. 



168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con- 
sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. 

At this time, the hinds were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the 
present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
sisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
bers of which gathered around tliat old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
ruled paper, the old log being the Avriting desk : 

We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
agree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
the following exceptions, to wit : 

Abticlb I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
said ground one day in six. 

Article II. W'e further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so 
applying. 

The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
accordance with Article 2, Here, then, Ave have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- 
ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people 
for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus 
enac-ted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 

The miners who liad thus erected an independent government of their own 
on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But the 
Avest side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the 
Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop 
mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. 
The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- 
mand of the military post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
remove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they Avould be 
driven off by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving 
the rich ''leads " they had already discovered and opened, and Avere not dis- 
posed to obey the order to remove Avith any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
due time, Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting three, recrossed the river, and 
from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three Avho 
liad lingered a little too long Avere, howevei-, permitted to make their escape 

* Established by the Superinti'ndent of V. S: Lead Mines at Fever River. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 

unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to 
prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. .The Indians returned, 
and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
occupants. 

In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, 
troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
rigorous action of the Government can be given. 

But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
in which to store their lead until Spring, Avhen they could float the fruits of 
their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand 
pounds of lead. 

Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly 
rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only 
waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. 

June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed ' 
possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and 
enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to 
sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds 
for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. 
This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 



170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 
per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
the miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way 
for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could 
better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
ular. It Avas difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system Avas abolished 
in about ten years. 

During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
from Galena. 

In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
school house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every 
part of the citVj and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored 
with all the eastern Avorld. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 18(:!5, 
while on a trip over the Dubuque & SouthAvestern Railroad, at Monticello, 
and the evening train brought the ncAvs of his death and his remains. 

Lucius H. LangAVorthy, his brother, Avas one of the most worthy, gifted and 
mfluential of the old settlers of tliis section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
by many friends, in June, 1865. 

The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting 
held in 1834. 

In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
soldiers Avere removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 

During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, 
Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
Madison. In 1833, these claims Avere purchased by John and Nathaniel 
Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the tOAvn. The next Summer, lots 
were sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
States Government. 

At the close of the Black HaAvk War, parties who had been impatiently 
looking across upon "Flint Hills," noAV Burlington, came over from Illinois 
and made claims The first Avas Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, Avho 
erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
river, at a place since known as thefiiim of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of 
that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White 
was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
of Burlington in 1834. 

All along the river barders of the Black HaAvk Purchase settlers were flockmg 
into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty Avith the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 

ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of 
Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
Dr. E. S. Barrows 

The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- 
der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men Avho at this time occu- 
pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
" Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, 
he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chi en, also 
reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, he bought for $100 a claim on the 
land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 2.5, 1861." 

In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further 
settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 

In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Yanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 

Durino; the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
timber since known as Eads" GroVe. 

The first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 

The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
" a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
the Indians still remaining there." 

The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
year. 

The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 

The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated 
at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 



172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The first school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 
in 1833. 

The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the Summer 
of 1834. 

The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- 
manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 

The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, 
in 1832. 

The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 
Dubuque, in 1834. 

The first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836. 
John King, afterward Judge King, Avas editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 

The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
enterprising people. 

As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading 
post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as 
"Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and 
had "probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827, 
an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped 
in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
of the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to 
Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers 
in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons 
under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted 
for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had 
reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and 
settled mainly Avithin the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's HoIIoav," 
on Indian Creek, and afterAvard named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterAvard. The Mormon settlement 
extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and 
Avater furnished desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, Avas 
installed as President of the Quorum of TavcIvc, and all that part of the State 
remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
talion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican w'ar. In 1848, Hyde 
started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
many of tlie faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they Avere not 
all Avithin the limits of PottaAvattamie County. This county was organized in 
1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order Avas promulgated 
that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. 

May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, Avith a small detachment of troops on 
board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
to this point. The troops and stores w^ere landed at what is noAV the foot of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 

Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
they, too, arrived, and a fort Avas built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the 
arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 

Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 

The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy 
peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked 
higher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
privation and suifering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter 
of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. 



TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 

By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 

In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
State, March 2, 1821, " Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
L^p to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dubuque and Des Moines, separated 
by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 



174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. 

On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 
zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 
Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 
Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 
operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in 

THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, 

of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- 
tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 

September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the 
counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be 
held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members 
of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two 
counties in the Black Hawk purchase : 

Dubuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. 

Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. 

The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- 
sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. 
Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 

The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington ; com- 
menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 

During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
Dubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. 

The (question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then 
a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
lington on the 1st of November, Avhich memorialized Congress to organize a 
Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was 
Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestl}' and 
successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 

lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
"all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should 
serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, 
of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, 
to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, 
and §20,000 for the erection of public buildings. 

President Van Burcn appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, 
Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Van 
Allen, of New York, Attorney ; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal ; Au 
gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mc- 
Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the Distric. 
Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charleii 
Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jameit 
Clarke, editor of the Gazette, was appointed to succeed him. 

Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for the 
election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtL 
of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to bo 
elected, at Burlington. 

The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled al; 
Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 

Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, 
Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. 
Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, StepheL 
Hempstead. 

House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James 
Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,'' 
William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
Summers, t Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of 
Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics 

* Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was elected for Pes Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington 
before tlie meeting of tlie Legislature, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. 

f Samuel B. Murray was returned aa elected from Clinton County, but his seat was successfully contested by 
Burchard. 



176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 

At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
Henry County, and P, 11. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 

The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited 
veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, 
and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- 
lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1889, 
amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriffs and Magistrates. 

Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
which Congress had appropriated $20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a 
central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
thought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles Avide, bordering on the Missis- 
sippi Biver, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided 
between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County ; John Ronalds, 
of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
son County. 

Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 

Then there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
the Mississippi River to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as 
the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the 
geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the coimty limits. 

The Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 
acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be 
selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 17T 

leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- 
ship 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
ately surveyed it and laid oft' the town: The first sale of lots took place August 
16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated 
grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. Tlie capitol is 
located in the center of this S(i[uare. Tlie second Territorial Legislature, which 
assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to 
adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should 
not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater 
expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
1840, the corner stone of the edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. 
Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
address on that occasion. 

When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa 
City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, the 
unsold lots of Iowa City being the security off"ered, but only $5,500 was 
obtained under the act. 

THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 

The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the low^a authorities had fixed 
a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- 
souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
parallel of latitude which passes through tlie rapids of the Des Moines River. 
The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des 
Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the 
rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not well versed 
in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosauqua, thus taking from 
Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her 
northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the 
disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriff's to collect them by 
distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, wxre 
not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of 
Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made 
active preparations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 
500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend 
the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, 
Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to eff'ect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
of Clai'ke County, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 



178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but 
afterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, which was insti- 
tuted, and which resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed 
Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
that " the expenses of the war on tlie part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished 
supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." 

The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries 
during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- 
ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. 

Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, 
the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the 
purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. 
The judiciary power was vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate 
Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and 
intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable 
by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free 
schools, open for every class of white citizens, was established. Provision was 
made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
forms of civil government. 

By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
of the Indians were brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque 
and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which 
greatly aided the settlers, who were now coming in by thousands, to make their 
homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
country had spread far and wide ; even before the Indian title was extinguished, 
many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As 
soon as the country was open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk 
Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land 
hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the 
eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque 
hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It 
is not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa Avas rapid, and that within 
less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
and fifty thousand people. 

As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original owners 
removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed westward. The following extract 
from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shows how the immigrants gathered 
on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 

In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States 
made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of August, 1842, for the 
remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. - 179 

possession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
ceded territory west of a line running north and south through Kedrock, until October 11, 1845. 
These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Ottumwa. As 
soon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wait- 
ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the 
line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The 
country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 

To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed 
piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a shorj time before twelve 
o'clock of the night of the 30ih of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
it was announced by the discharge of fii-earms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
curves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys, 
numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between 
midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
settled on their new purchase. 

While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
the crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and when their cavalcade was 
put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
entire procession. 

The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
Redrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before 
described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly pi-oclaimed or advertised for sale at 
public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
public lands could net be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
faith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.25 per 
acre. The "claim laws" were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
" eternal titness of things," and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 

The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
and adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the 
lands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims" upon the public lands, and 
in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 456). The Supreme Territorial Court 
held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
" spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. 

Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the " consumers of 
bread." It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 

An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 
says: 

Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been. 



180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

broken up ; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
we severed ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
on the willows." 

Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 

There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3 00 
per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist 
Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
of which I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37i cents per bushel. 

Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 

Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, |1 .00 per hundred ; and the best horse a 
man could raise sold for $50.00, Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times 
that tried men's souls." 

"A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
the reward of their self-denial." 

On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the 
Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
$33,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
$15,600. 

During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new 
quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the '" Old 
Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
$6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep- 
ancy was accounted for by the fact that the ofiicers in charge of the work were 
constantly short of funds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, 
amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
amounted to very nearly $24,000. 

With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have 
been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 

Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the office of 
Governor was hekl by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 



STATE ORGANIZATION. 

By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 

1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April 
following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates 
elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
adopted the first State Constitution. 

The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 

The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
lows : 

Beginning in the middle of the channel of the JVIississippi River, opposite mouth of the 
Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John 
0. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner 
of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of tlie main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
Calumet River ; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, 
where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the 
middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3, 

1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people 
accepted the act, bounded as follows : 

Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence 
by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of 
the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian 
of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; 
thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would 
have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
western boundary would have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth 
County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
7,656 to 7,235. 

A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
for ratification on the 3d day of August following, when it was accepted ; 9,492 
votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution " 



182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
Union. 

Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held 
an election under the new Constitution on the 2(3th day of October, and elected 
Oresel Briggs, Governor : Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push- 
ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. 

The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen 
Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 
1846, about a month before the State Avas admitted into the Union. 

At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from 
storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward 
the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress 
had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State 
University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. 
It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to 
make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. 
Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and 
make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
law. Soon after, by "An act to locate and establish a State University," 
approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
together with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted 
for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General 
Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. 

The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in 
what is now Des Moines Township, and the others in Fairview Township, in the 
southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City 
and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
through them. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, at prices that were 
not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the 
Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- 
tion was generally condemned. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 

When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and 
while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe Avas under 
water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
By an act approved January 15, 1849,' the law by which the location had been 
made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- 
ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
and grounds by the University. 

At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 
$4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
$123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. 

But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
Bella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
third reading. 

At the next session, in 1853, a bill w\as introduced in the Senate for the 
removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des IMoines, and for the appoint- 
ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
to the State by citizens and property -holders of Des Moines. An association of 
citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
a nominal rent. 

The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
" against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 

Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, 
declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 

The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- 
tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude ; there 
was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
and it was not until December, that the last of the eff"ects — the safe of the State 
Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, 
mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 



184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, 
the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- 
ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. 

Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the 
fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the 
seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate 
for the purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
large and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment cf a Board 
of Commissioners to commence tlie work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
Merrill, ex officio. President ; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs ; James F. 
Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine; 
James 0. Crosby, Gainsville ; Charles Dudley, Agency City ; John N. Dewey, 
Des Moines ; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, 
Secretary. 

The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the 
best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sura first 
appropriated was $150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be 
made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the 
State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn 
and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, 
which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present 
value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000. 

From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon 
the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
when they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
to protect the settlers. 

" The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the 
Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the 
Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with 
appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis 
repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. 
On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. 
In the meantime, two otlier railroads had reached the east bank of the INIissis- 
sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 185 

railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
increased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and 
barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
spirit of speculation ruled the hour. 

" In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad 
companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities 
tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these 
bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid 
even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
removed 

The first railroad across the State Avas completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not 
a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 
miles in successful operation. 

GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 

When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10.531. 
The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected 
by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following 
table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
Territory : 

Year. Population. 

1852 230,713 

1854 326,013 

1856 519,055 

1859 638,775 

1860 674,913 

1863 701,732 

1865 754,699 

1867 902,040 

The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula- 
tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize 
the older States. 



Year. Population. 

1838 22,589 

1840 43,115 

1844 75,152 

1846 97,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 



Year. Population. 

18G9 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,333 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 



186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ,^ 

Thriving cities and towns dot its fair surface ; an ii'on net-work of thou- 
sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ; ten thousand school 
houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
the rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; 
high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State ; 
marvufxctories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
and towns. 

Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate ; an intelligent, liberty- 
loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
present citizens. 

Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
settlements Avere made within her borders. When the number of States was 
only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put 
upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the " Star of Empire " 
had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
Great American Desert." 

Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
the golden shores of che Pacific. 



THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 

Ames, Story County. 

The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by an act 
of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. 
F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day ; 
the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
met in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and 
Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefterson and Tama 
Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
endowment of schools of agricultui'e and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres 
were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 187 

In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
ing, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The ^20,000 
appropriated by the General Assembly Avere expended in putting in the foun- 
dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 

Tuition m this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the 
college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spii'its, wine or 
beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 

The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
branches: Natural Philosophy. Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time 
prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 

The funds arising from tlie lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
also an " out-law " called the " ATA^ Chapter Omega." 

The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Otturawa, 
Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
Sioux City ; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 

Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of Mili- 
tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
English Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
Horticulture; J. K. Macomber, Physics; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
French and Mathematics. 

THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa City, Johnson County. 

In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared 
that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means 
of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approv^ed July 
20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized " to set apart and re- 
serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to 
which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 



188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and support of a university within said Territorrj when it becomes a State, and 
for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
entire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub- 
lic land are authorized to be surveyed." 

William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
Territory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the 
Assembly, John M. Whitakerof Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 

In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the 
people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
funds of the university derived from the lands. 

The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established 
the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
"with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, ^;roy?'c?et?, how- 
ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the 
capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management, of the 
University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be 
under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the 
University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
by the State. 

Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas 
Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theodore S. Parvin, George 
Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
Trustees. 

The organization of the L^niversity at Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 

In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
funds and all otlier matters, with the University established at Iowa City 
'•This act," says Col. Benton, "created three State Universities, with equal 
rights and powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public conven- 
ience may hereafter demajid,' as provided by the Constitution." 

The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
tine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
of land were purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 

This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 

The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as 
Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 

The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annu- 
ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens 
should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
continue in operation. 

At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, 
the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
nition should not render the* University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 

From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- 
tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, hut there was 
no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The 
University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
Guffin. 

In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated 
by the State until December, 1857. 

In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 



190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and 
forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
catalogue was published. 

At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the 
first degree conferred by the Board. 

Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force 
September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 

The State University shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 

Article XI, Section 8, provided that 

The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city 
of Des Moines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
Johnson. 

The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
Lieutenant Governor, who was ex ofiicio President, and one member to be elected 
from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with 
" full power and authority to legislate and make adl needful rules and regula- 
tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested 
with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 

In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, 
and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs 
and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
poses. 

The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
to exclude females from the University ; but it finally failed. 

March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially different from 
the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- 
pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. 

The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its 
fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- 
ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close 
of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
to the Normal Department. 

At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- 
ferred upon a student of tlie University. Diplomas were awarded to the mem- 
bers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi 
P. Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney 
and Sylvia M. Thompson. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 191 

An "Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of 
March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be 
admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
no discretion in the matter. 

The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
was unwise to re-open the University at that time ; but at the annual meeting 
of the Board, in June of the same year, it Avas resolved to continue the Normal 
Department in operation ; and at a special meetmg, October 25, 1859, it was 
decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned 
as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
President, at a salary of ^2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. 

At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and 
the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
(third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may 
be said to commence. 

August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof. Oliver M. Spencer 
was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 

At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in 
the Collegiate Department. 

The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of 
Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly 
resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, 
the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 

President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
fifteen months, to visit Europe ; and Prof. Nathan R. Leonard was elected 
President pro tern. 

The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 

At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
(absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President |jro 
tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
ino;ton and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
upon his duties in September, 1868. 

The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, 
which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management 
of Messrs. George G.' Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 

Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. 

At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 



192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 

By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. 

Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. 
His resignation was accepted. 

The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 
1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 

March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. 

In June, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck 
was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 

Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected 
in his stead. 

At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
established. 

In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
the State with the University. 

In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the L^niversity was termi- 
nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
ident. 

In 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion was abolished ; but it Avas restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 

TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM TO 

James Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854 

James D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857 

Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858 

Amos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr 1859 1863 

Francis Springer 1863 1864 

William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 

Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 

Cyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876 

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio 1876 1877 

Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 

John H. Gear 1878 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 193 

VICE PRESIDENTS. FROM TO 

Silas Foster 1847 1851 

Robert Lucas 1851 1853 

Edward Connelly 1854 1855 

Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 

SECRETARIES. '^ 

Hugh D. Downey 1847 1851 

Anson Hart 1851 1857 

Elijah Sells 1857 1858 

Anson Hart 1858 1864 

William J. Haddock 1864 

TREASURERS. 

Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 

Israel Kister, Stale Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 

Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 

Henry W. Lathrop 1855 1862 

William Crum 1862 1868 

Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 

John N. Coldren 1876 

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 

Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D 1860 1862 

Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 

James Black, D. D 1868 1870 

George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 

C. W. Slagle 1877 

The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 



STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
commencement, an appropriation of f 250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various 
accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
Indian tribes of Iowa; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present 
resources of the State ; to aid in tlie publication of such collections of the Society 
as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
incidental expenses of the Society. 

There Avas appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the 
management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the 
Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 



194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
the last Wednesday in June of each year. 

The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec- 
tions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
the title of " Annals of Iowa," 



THE PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. 

The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- 
proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort 
Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
To the Directors was also given the power of appointing the Warden ; the latter 
to appoint his own assistants. 

The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of 
land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
building June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con- 
tain one hundred and thirty- eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90. 
It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to 
time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan 
of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
•for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
perience in prison management have been gained. 

It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- 
ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The 
labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the 
supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 

While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will 
treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
the future. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 

It is right that the convict should labor. He should not be allowed to live 
in idleness at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand 
that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
imprisonment, he would not be turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with 
no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 



ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Anamosa, Jones County, 

By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
commenced on the building on the 2Sth day of September, 1872. May 13, 
1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
663 feet. 

IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Mount Pleasant, Henry County. 

By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
$4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
chusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- 
tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 



196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

McGugin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua; 
John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. 
The Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients 
were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
Superintendent, April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was 
destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged 
recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties ;" 
122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. 
Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 
7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. 

Trustees, 1877 :—T. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; William C. Evans, West Liberty; L. E. Fellows, 
Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 

Resident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
Bassett, M. D.. First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M, D., Second Assistant 
Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
son, Steward : Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Independence, Buchanan, County. 

In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was 
made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed 
Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W . Bemis, of Indepen- 
dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. 

The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed 
required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 
320 acres, Avithin two miles of the city of Independence, that might be offered 
by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts were offered, 
but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest quarter of 
Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
northAvest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 8, all in Township 88 north. Range 9 Avest of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile 
from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 

Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans, 
specifications and drawings of the building, which, Avhen completed, were sub- 
mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, 
who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 

was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- 
tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
work. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
main buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 

In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called 
the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. Hiese 
Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleman, T. W. Fawcett, C. 
C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board 
was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. 
Fisher, President ; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873, 

In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, 
of Independence, for ftirnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for $6,250. 
The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
patients in the Fall. 

In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 

October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
and it is now overcrowded. 

The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L. 
Fisher, President, Farmersburg ; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; and Stephen E. Robinson, 
M. D., West Union. 

RESIDENT OFFICERS. 

Albert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent ; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 

IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 

Vinton, Benton County. 

In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 

By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. 

The first Board of Trustees Avere James D. Eads, President ; George W. 
McClary, Secretary; James H. Gower, Treasurer; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof. 



198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Samuel Bacon, Principal ; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. 

In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
should be changed from "Asylum for the Blind," to that of "Institution for 
the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for 
each pupil. This was subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge 
of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts realized 
from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for 
the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
he had few superiors. 

On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- 
ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 

In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 

In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur- 
niture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time. 
Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 

In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. 
Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 

Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
succeeded by Prof S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, 
and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 

1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 

1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
when the present incumbent, Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 

Trustees, 1877-S. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President; S. H.Watson, Treasurer; 
H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 

Faculty. — Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
tice, Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 

The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed 
their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
$282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two 
and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
sand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars 
a year for each pupil. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 

INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 

Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. 

The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
of deaf mntes then in the State was 301 ; the number attending the Institution, 
50. The first Board of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. 
Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wo xl, II. D. Downey, William Crum, W. E. 
Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to 
the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
under his charge. 

A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature 
appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
building and east wing were destroyed by fire; and August 6 following, the 
roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
ning order. 

The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 
1857-8 was not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
were very essential. 

Trustees, 1S77-8. — Thomas Officer, President ; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer ; 
Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 

Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, 
Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D.; Steward, 
N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 

SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 

Davenport, Cedar Falls, Grlenwood. 

The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 
1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, who had fellen 
in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in 
the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State 
on the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or- 
phan Asylum. 



200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The first officers were : President, William M. Stone ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. 
G. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, John R. Needham, J. W. 
Cattell, Mrs. Mary M. Bagg ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- 
responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board 
of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcomb, 
Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, 
Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. 

The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- 
sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General 
Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. 
Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for I'aising funds. 

At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to 
commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- 
kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building 
in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
Steward. 

At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, 
Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the 
Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 

The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 13th day 
of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to 
receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time 
of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 

Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, 
in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont 
County. 

The " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
Assembly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. 

The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for 
the State at large, who held their office two years, or until their successors were 
elected and qualified. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan 
actually supported was made by the General Assembly. 

The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building 
was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first 
children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- 
mates. 

October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about 
two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but 
in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
Falls and appropriated tlie buildings and grounds for that purpose. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 

By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at 
Glen wood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that 
place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 
1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
were to be removed to the Home at Davenport Avithin ninety days thereafter, 
and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. 

Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
lished a State Normal 'School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required 
the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
charge to the Directors of the new institution. 

The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J, J, Toleston, Secretarv, 
and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected 
Principal of the School. 

On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and 
teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
and a Matron were elected, and tlieir respective duties defined. 

The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- 
priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
the third term. 

The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 

Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 ; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
Lake, Buena Vista County, 1882. 

Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary; E. Townsend, Treasurer; 
William Pattes, Steward; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar 
Falls. 

Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professer of Mental and 
Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; IVL W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
Professor of Music. 

ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 

Glenwood, Mills County. 

Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded 
children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 



202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 
and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and ^2,000 for salaries of 
officers and teachers for two years. 

Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at 
Glenwood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away; the win- 
dows broken, doors off their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
cellars reeking with offensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst 
possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
assistance. 

0. W, Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, 
and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty -seven. December 
1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL. 

Eldora, Hardin County. 

By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
Offenders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County; provided for a Board of 
Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept 
the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at 
Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
temporary establishment. 

The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 

April 19, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
organize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 203 

The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 

The institution is managed by five Trustees, who are paid mileage, but no 
compensation for their services. 

The object is the reformation of the children of both sexes, under the age 
of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
shall i-equire the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
benefit of the boys and girls. 

A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
incurred by conviction of the offense for Avhich he or she Avas committed. 

This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
labor, even while restrained for the public good,Nvill be recognized. 

FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 

Near Anamosa, Jones County. 

The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fish," also "An act to provide 
for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
priated $3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
election of Mr. Evans, President ; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 

The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the waters 
of the State. 

In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
20x40 feet, two stories ; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
with Avater from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 



204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, tlie Commissioners distributed 
within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass, 
80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Salmon, 5,000 land-locked Salmon, 20,000 of 
other species. 

By act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so tliat there should 
be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
and the Commissioner was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 

In the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
into the Mississippi. 

In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
distrib.ited. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 

At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important 
service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 

The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 



THE PUBLIC LANDS. 

The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
are as follows : 

1. The 500,000 Acre Grant. 

2. The 16th Section Grant. 

3. The Mortgage School Lands. 

4. The University Grant. 
6. The Saline Grant. 

6. The Dea Moines River Grant. 

7. The Des Moines River School Lands. 

8. The Swamp Land Grant. 

9. The Railroad Grant. 

10. The Agricultural College Grant. 

I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 

When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
1841, Avhich granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land 
for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
of the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands 
were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
granted. 

The Constitution of Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
with all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
the State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 

a board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the 
selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until 
1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they were clothed with 
exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The office of 
School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
the County Judge. By this act. County Judges and Township Trustees were 
made the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections; but no 
further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands Avas committed to 
the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. 

II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 

By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or Avhere 
that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
control and sale of these lands were vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the 
supervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861. 

in. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 

These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid 
off by the State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by 
three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
title connected with the school fund, for examination. 

When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
no arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of 
Supervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it with diligence to 
secure said fund ; and in action in favor of the county for the use of the school 
fund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, when 
service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and 
enforced without bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, shall, 
on belialf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the 
interests of said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall 
be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. These lands 
are known as the Mortgage Scliool Lands, and reports of them, including 
description and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office. 



206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 



By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
f-ntire townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
jf a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
was to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
to that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 

Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, for the use of the State, the following lands : 

ACRES. 

In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 

In the Fairfield Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 

In the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81 

In the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20 

In the Dubuque Land District, May 19,1852 10,552.24 

Total 45,957.94 

These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of 
Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 

V. — SALINE LANDS. 

By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was 
granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve. 
By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
saline lands were appropi'iated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 

VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 

By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows : 

Beit enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assembled, That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the 
purpose of aiding said Territory to improve tlie navigation of the Des Moines River from ita 
mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
of the public lands (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri- 
ated I, in a strip five miles in width on e.ach side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- 
tory by an agent or agents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of 
the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 

Sec. 2. And be it farther enacted, Thit the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said 
improvement shall progress; that is, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said landa 
as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that 
one-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territory or 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207 

State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount 
expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the 
fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever 
remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
passing through or along the same : Provided always, That it shall not be competent for the said 
Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be and become 
the property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other : Provided 
the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
Aug. 8, 1846. 

By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines Biver," the 
Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
Treasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 
1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
sold by the Board. 

Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
numbers" ' throughout the whole exten*; of the grant, and this selection was ap- 
proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the 
mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
" the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
Forks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
protested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
Iowa. 

On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
hold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
on each side of the Des Moines River above the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des 
Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, of March 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 



208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the 
matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terras of the grant itself, it ex- 
tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
lished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who. on 
the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
with Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole sub- 
ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. 

October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, 
or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
lists of these lands were prepared in the General Land Office. 

The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 

By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 

March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " 

By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33.142.43 " 

Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.51 " 

Total 271,572.24 acres. 

The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in 
their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
then standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commissioners 
estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 

January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
" any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
$1,300,000." 

On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, Avith the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1846, which the State had not 
sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 

By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
but which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, 
therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
contract with the State. 

March 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the gr" it was again raised 
and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided th it was limited to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 

the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by 
him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
extended to the northern boundary of the State ; the State relinquished its 
claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was 
supposed to be finally settled. 

The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
ern boundary within the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Navi- 
igation & Railroad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- 
ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final 
sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
which amount 58,830 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
certificate of the General Land Ofiice bears date December 30, 1853. 

After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
Company. 

March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
pany paid to the State $20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, 
executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. Thfse deeds were 
intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 

Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
by the Federal Government. 

By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre- 
sented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and allowed, 
claims amounting to $109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
been settled. 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

After the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of the extent of the 
original grant was again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, in 1859-60, a decision was rendered declaring that the 
grant did 7iot extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void 
(see 23 How., m). 

The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority, 
according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
to the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 

In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862, 
Congress enacted : 

That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des ]\Ioines 
River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec- 
tions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
Fork and the northern boundary of said State ; such lands are to be held and applied in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given 
to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
& Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of 
the State of Iowa, approved March 2"2, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold 
or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released 
by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March 3, 
1861, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
said State to be certified in lieu thereof; Provided, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
any portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the person or persons, respect- 
ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 

The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
the same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
sioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners 
were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
Office. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
burne, of Lee County, was appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
from the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the 
selections were made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 

Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty 
of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
bly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
derived from the State. Especially was the determination to protect the actual 
settlers, who had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
settlement of the limits of the grant by Congress. 

VII. — THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS. 

These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
in 1841; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
the State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office February 20, 1851. They were ordered into the market June 6, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 

1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
man, School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des 
Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart 
and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
Des Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
copy of the lists of these lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
Prior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli- 
cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate, 
$949.53. 

By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
the Dubuque k Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
execute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
tain swamp lands; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman; 
third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that "the said company 
shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
and perform said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties 
interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 

The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The 
Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
uncanceled under the act of i860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex parte injunction was issued. In 
January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
ter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 
1869. 

VIII. SWAMP LAND GRANT. 

By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
other States to i*eclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp 
and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 



212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Des Moines River and some 
of the land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she 
had selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
Land Office permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected 
by the Agents of the State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
Dec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
immediately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that 
some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove them to be dry. In 
such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, 
and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
confidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
tions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was necessary that 
Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
March 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- 
sioner of the General Land Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
tion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of May 15, 
1856, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
serious complications. When the railroad grant was made, it was not intended 
nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These were 
already disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to 
receive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
State the way was opened, and they were not slow to enter their claims. March 
4, 1862, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from 
the Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
opinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7. 1862, 
expressly repudiated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any 
intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in reia- 
tion to these swamp lands. 

IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. 

One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
internal improvement was that known as the "Railroad Grant," by act of 
Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
Mississippi River, to a point on the Missouri River, near the mouth of Platte 
River ; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 

Council Bluffs ; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection with 
the main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence 
on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel ; 
across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River; from the city of Dubuque 
to a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com- 
pleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of 
said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or riglit of pre- 
emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to 
select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within 
fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the United States 
within six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
double minimum price of the public lands "when sold, nor were any of said lands 
to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
sale at the increased price. 

Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say : that a 
quantity of land not exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said 
roads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads 
is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous 
miles completed as aforesaid, and included within a continuous length of twenty 
miles of each of such roads, may be sold ; and so from time to time until said 
roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed within ten 
years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
United States." 

At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five 
miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 3 859, and 
its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the 
State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
company so failing. 

The railroatl companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air 
Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
Iowa Central was again granted to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad 
Company, which accepted them. 

By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
pany was required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school 
lands, included within the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension 
of the time fixed for the completion of its road. 

A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the 
act evidently contemplate the sale of them hy the State, and the appropriation 
of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its 



214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
posing of the lands. 

Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the 
State by the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
1854, entitled '•'■An act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in 
fee of the lands which have been or may he certified to them," these certified lists, 
the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
"the fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
acter contemplated " by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
and void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." 
Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in 
number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen ; 
and for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
the State were as follows : 

Burlington & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres. 

Mississippi & Missouri River R. R 774,674.86 " 

Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R 775,454.19 " 

Dubuque & Kioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 

A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
1854, could not be turned over to the raih-oads unless the claim of the State to 
them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising under 
the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties 
were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, 
prepai-ed lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 
1856, amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally 
accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other 
words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
1856. One of the companies, however, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
road Company, Avas not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
to the act of the Legislature was necessary to complete their title. This induced 
Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad 
seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
to them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 
27th, 43,775. 70-acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 215 

lands under the grant that were certified by the State authorities with any 
design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 
1856. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
State from the United States General Land Office. These subse({uent lists 
embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
Grant. 

It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act 
of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the eveht of their failure to 
complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
gress approved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper 
construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 

This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
terms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
companies and the State. 

The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport k 
Council Bluffs Railroad '" to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as 
nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had" 
already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also 
provided that "if any of said roads are not completed within ten years, no fur- 
ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States.'' 
Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the 
Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
2, 1864, provided that whenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- 
pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 



216 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had 
not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not 
been made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State 
of Iowa, within six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction 
of said road by the act to which this was an amendment. 

The term " out of any lands belonging to the United States, not sold, re- 
served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did 
intend to grant lands already granted, but Avhen it declared that the Company 
should have an amount per mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted.^ 
it is plain tluxt the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
title it had already parted with two years before the lands could revert to the 
United States under the original act, which Avas not repealed. 

A similar change Avas made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 

Like provision was made for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, and the 
Company was permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points ; but this 
change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 

By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." 

Still further, the Burlington k Missouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
equal to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within 
the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might 
be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 

Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the "lobby," occa- 
sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
ever, recognizing the fact that when the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
State, under the act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under 
the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in 
pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 

May 12, 1864, before the passage of the amendatory act above described, 
Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
Railroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
to substitute other lands whenever it Avas found that the grant infringed upon 
pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other 
purpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in 
lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 

X. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 

An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the 
act, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the 
erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of 
the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
certified to the State to aid in the ereiStion of public buildings under the act of 
March 3, 1845, entitled " An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
the success of the enterprise. 

By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, thev 
were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. 

Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
lature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of the grant, 
and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the 
Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
that none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
lands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this 
grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec- 
tions, and during August, Septembe-r and December, 1863, located them in the 
Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
flicted with no other claims under other grants. 

The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres ; but 
as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at 
the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows : 

In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres, 

In Sioux City Land District 59,025.37 '< 

In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 



218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, " An 
act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
said college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the 
control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 

Under the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres. 

Of the five-section grant 3,200.00 " 

Lands donated in Story County 721.00 " 

Lands donated in Boone County 200.00 " 

Total 208,430.30 acres. 

The Trustees opened an oflBce at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W* 
Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The germ of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
migrated to the " The Beautiful Land " from other and older States, where the 
common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
country. 

Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united 
public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More 
especially is this true in all her cities and villages, Avhere liberal and lavish 
appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, 
commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
and costing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
pended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. 

The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
the second term with twentv-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219 

commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female 
teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax f jr the support of 
schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. 

Among. the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school 
house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
Winter of 1834-5. 

The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
tine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
The first school in Davenport Avas taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 

When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had 
settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
College street. 

The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
of 1844, a log school house Avas budt by Gray, William Y. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
Joseph McMullon and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened 
by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
in 1844. 

At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 

The first school in Pottawattomie County Avas opened by George Green, a 
Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
quite, all the teacliers in that vicinity were Mormons. 

The first school in Decorah Avas taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D. 
W. Scoville. The firvSt school at Fort Dod^e was taught in 1855, bv Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, since Goveraor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
it as teacher. 

During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 

loAva Territory Avas created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
Legislature passed an act providing that " there shall be established a common 
school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, Avhich shall be 
open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and 
twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that " the County 
Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
voters resident Avithin such contemplated district." These districts were gov- 
erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 



220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to maintain school at least three months in every year ; and later, laws were 
enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. 

When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
number had increased to 3,265. 

In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
" each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and 
reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 

This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of 
the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
An eifort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
district system. Mr. Kiss?ll, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 

The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 ; and new schools, in 
which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 

The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
December 2, 1850, who said, "An institution of this character was organized a 
few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, been formed in the 
county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of 
attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able 
to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that " the sum of 
$150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in install- 
ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annu- 
ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 

No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. 
The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one 
institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
<lirect for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
defray the expenses of these institutes. 

December 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that 
institutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
and more would have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 

The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, 
enacted a code of school laws Avhich retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
institutes. 

In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by 
appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
held as provided by law in each county." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 

In 1865, Mr. Faville reported that " the provision made by the State for the 
benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 

By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in 
each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was 
regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
school is now " in the full tide of successful experiment." 

The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various 
officers who are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. 

" The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the 
General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar 
and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent, 
on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this 
fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts 
for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. 
The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also 
levied for the same, purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
each year." 

The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- 
times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but 
themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of 
Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed 
every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 



222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board 
of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
however, but one. Mr. Abernethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports : 

There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this. 
The opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
most liberal in their views and the most active friends of popular education. They are often 
found upon our school boards, and usually make the best of sclaool officers. It is not uncommon 
for Boards of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men 
who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 

At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 47C 
graded schools, with an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
There were 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation was 
^34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation 
of $28.69 per month. 

The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
567,859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
251,372; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
$1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
people of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 

In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers' salaries amounted to 
$198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
dred and twenty-three volumes were the extent of the public school libraries 
twenty years ago, and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 

In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from $364,515 to 
$5,197,428. 

The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
the public schools by the anniial dedication to their support of more than one 
per cent, of their entire taxable property ; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
series of years, commencing in the midst of a Avar which taxed their energies and 
resources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in 
business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
even amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few huroan 
enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose 
than the generous contril)utions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
purposes of public education. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 

POLITICAL RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 

G-overnors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
Clarke, 1845. 

Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 
0. H. W. StuU, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 

Auditors— Jesse Williams, 1840; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843- Robert M. 
Secrest, 1845. 

Treasurers — Thornton Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. 

Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 

Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-9 ; Stephen Hempstead, 
1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. 
Elbert, 1842-3 ; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845 ; Stephen 
Hempstead, 1845-6. 

Speakers of the House — William II. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
1839-40 ; Thomas Cox, 1840-1 ; Warner Lewis, 1841-2 ; James M. Morgan, 
1842-3 ; James P. Carleton, 1843-4 ; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W. 
McCleary, 1845-6. 

First Constitutional Convention, 18Jf,4- — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. 
S. Hampton, Secretary. 

Second Constitutional Convention, 184,6 — Enos Lowe, President; William 
Thompson, Secretary. 

OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Sam- 
uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, 1876 to 1877 ; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878 ; John H. 
Gear, 1878 to . 

Lieutenant Grovernor — Office created by the new Constitution September 3, 
1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulls, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
sart, 1874-5 ; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 

Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848 ; 
Josiah H. Bonnev, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
2, 1850, to Dec. \, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 
1873 ; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 

Auditors of State— J osei>h T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854 ; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan 
W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865 ; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871 ; John Russell, 1871 
to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 

Treasurers of State — Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; 
Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852, 
to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones, 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 



224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1867 ; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 

George W. Bemis, 1877 to . 

Superintendents of Public Instruction— Office created in 1847 — James Harlan, 
June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas H, Benton, Jr., 
May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office 
was abolished and the duties of the oflfice devolved upon the Secretary of the 
Board of Education. 

Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863 ; 
Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867 ; D. Franklin Wells, 
March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 

State Binders — Office created February 21, 1855 — William M. Coles, May 
1, 1855, to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867; James S. Carter, 
1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876 ; H, A. Perkins, 1876 to . 

Registers of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos B. 
Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
Jan 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
to January, 1875; David Secor, January, 1875, to -. 

State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer and 
George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
Moriarty, 1855 to 1857 ; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861 ; Francis W. Palmer, 
1861 to 1869 ; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870 ; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 
1872 ; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 

Adjutants G-eneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
Elijah Sells, 1857; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877; 
John H. Looby, 1877 to . 

Attorneys Grenerdl — David C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60 > 
Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866); 
Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; 
Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-6 ; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 

Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
1848; John J. Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; William E. Leffing- 
well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
Senate. 

Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
1849-50 ; George Temple, 1851-2 ; James Grant, 1853-4 ; Reuben .Noble, 
1855-6 ; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 ; John 
Edwards, 1860-1 ; Rush Clark, 1862-3 ; Jacob Butler, 1864-5 ; Ed. Wright, 
1866-7 ; John Russell, 1868-9 ; Aylett R. Cotton, 1870^-1 ; James Wilson, 
1872-3; John H. Gear, 1874-7; John Y. Stone, 1878. 

JVew Constitutional OonventioUj 1859 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
J. Saunders, Secretarv. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225 

STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 

John H. Gear, Governor ; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor ; Josiah 
T. Young, Secretary of State ; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State ; George 
W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court; 
John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von Coelln, Superintend- 
ent Public Instruction ; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer ; Henry A. Perkins, 
State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W. 
Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
ister Land Office; Ira C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction. 

THE JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. 

Chief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847 ; Joseph Williams, 
Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848 ; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864, to Jan., 1866 ; RalphP. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
to Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 
1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 

Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
Greene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11, 
1860, to 1864 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860 ; George G. Wright, June 26, 
1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole. March 
1, 1864, to 1877 ; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868 ; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
Wright. 

SUPREME COURT, 1878. 

James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
County, Associate Justice; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice; 
William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
mont County, Associate Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 

UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 

George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 
Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to 'fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 



226 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt, Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, 
Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. 
Grimes — term expired March 3d ; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4, 
1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, March 4, 1877. 

MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Twenty-ninth Congress — 18Jf.6 to 184-7. — S. Clinton Hastings ; Shepherd 
Leffler. 

Thirtieth Congress — 184-7 to 1849. — First District, William Thompson ; 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirtg-first Congress — 18.^9 to 1851. — First District, First Session, Wm. 
Thompson ; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election 
remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirty-second Congress — 1851 to 1853. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, Lincoln Clark, 

Thirty-third Congress — 1853 to 1855. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, John P. Cook. 

Thirty-fourth Congress — 1855 to 1857. — First District, Augustus Hall. 
Second District, James Thorington. 

Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857 to 1859. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, Timothy Davis. 

Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859 to 1861. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-seventh Congress — 1861 to 1863. — First District, First Session, 
Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
son. Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
Second District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Fortieth Congress — 1867 to 1869. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
ond District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, 
William Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Forty-first Congress — 1869 to 1871. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth Dis- 
trict, Charles Pomeroy. 

Forty-second Congress — 1871 to 1873. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W. G. Donnan ; 
Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth 
District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-third Congress — 1873 to 1875. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
District, Henry 0. Pratt ; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 

* Vacated seat by acceptince of commission as Brigadier General, and J. F. Wilson chosen his successor. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 22^ 

William Loughridge; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-fourth Congress — 1875 to 1877. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth; 
rourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 

Forty-fifth Congress — 1877 to 1879. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District,' E. S. Sampson ; 
Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
District, Addison Oliver. 

WAR RECORD. 

The State of Iowa may well be proud of her record during the War of the 
Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
the history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of "The History of Iowa and the War," one 
of the best works of the kind yet written. 

"Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration Avas 
conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end 
of only a single Aveek, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
hardly more than a tithe of the number who had been offered by company com- 
manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose tAvo additional regiments. 
In a short time, he Avas notified that both of these Avould be accepted. Soon 
after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upAvard of one 
hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
against the enemies of the Union. 

" Much difficulty and considerable* delay occured in fitting these regiments 
for the field. For the First Infixntry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothing 
Avas extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal Avomen in the 
different toAvns— from material of various colors and qualities, obtained Avithin 
the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the 
Governor, to convene on the loth of May. With but little delay, that body 
authorized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
gency. A Avealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
plete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeing to receive, 
should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 



230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manu- 
factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
This clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
by the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been 
adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 

Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
mistakes were liable to be made. * 

But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with 
all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled 
to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, 
from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and 
from danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
the nation at its very heart. 

To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip 
two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for 
assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
passed. 

" The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received 
on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately 
embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the 
Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their fijst field 
service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with 
which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, 
fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing ; and in 
November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its 
blood like water — losing more than half of the men it took into action. 

" The initial operations in which the battles referred to took place were fol- 
lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
this State, and other commanders, which resulted in defeating the armies 
defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- 
nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their withdrawal from much of 
the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by which Vicksburg was 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 

captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
batteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in which expression 
was given to this sentiment, but these "words of one of the journals of a neigh- 
boring State, ' The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
spirit of all. 

" In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, 
the Iowa three years' men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any 
other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of 
equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who 
gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
not be left without defenders. 

" In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy 
was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the 
Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great 
river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. 

" Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments Avere employed during their whole 
term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 
against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men Avere 
among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 

" The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field, 
and by their liberal gifts and personal efforts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their 
exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war. 
Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were 
employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, 
and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 

" Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
following year a Home was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a 
building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public, 
and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
vide increased accommodations for the large number of children who were 
seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same 
year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by 
act of Congress. 



232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

" In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
Orphans' Home (which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were 
appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
ployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all 
ways the provision made for these Avards of the State has been such as to chal- 
lenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who 
have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is 
considerably more than two thousand. 

" At the beginning of the war, the population of loAva included about one 
hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
The State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
men ; one regiment of infiintry, composed of three months' men ; and four regi- 
ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to 
upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
and as militia, took part at difterent times in the operations on the exposed 
borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 

" Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
subdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
men. In no instance Avas Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts." 

It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts 
for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
while she Avas foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
to her sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war Avithout 
any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
the Federal Government Avere found to be fully equal to the amount of her bonds 
issued and sold during the Avar to provide the means for raising and equipping 
her troops sent into tlie field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
treasury in consequence of the war. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



233 



NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 

DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 

TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 



No. Regiment. 



1st Iowa 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7lh 

8th 

9th 
10th 
nth 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
30th 
31st 
32d 
33d 
34th 
35th 
36th 
37th 
38th 



Infantry . 



No. of 
men. 



959 
,247 
,074 
,184 
,037 
,013 
,138 
,027 
,090 
,027 
,022 
981 
989 
840 
,196 
919 
956 
875 
985 
925 
980 
,008 
961 
979 
995 
919 
940 
956 
,005 
978 
977 
925 
985 
953 
984 
986 
914 
93 



No. Regiment. 



No. of 
men. 



39th Iowa Infantry 933 

40th " " 900 

41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 294 

44th Infantry (100-days men) 867 

45th " " " 912 

46th " " " 892 

47th " " " 884 

48th Battalion '^ " 346 

1st Iowa Cavalry 1,478 

2d " " 1,394 

3d " " 1,360 

4th " " 1,227 

5th " " 1,245 

6th " " 1,125 

7th " " 562 

8th " " 1.234 

9th " " 1,178 

Sioux City Cavalry* I 93 

Co. A, nth Penn. Cavalry ] 87 

1st Battery Artillery 149 

2d " " 123 

3d " " 142 

4th " " ! 152 

1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf.. 903 

Dodge's Brigade Band ' 14 

Band of 2d Iowa Infantry ; 10 

Enlistments as fiir as reported to Jan. 1, 

1864, for the older Iowa regiments , 2,765 

Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 

of other States, over 2,500 



Total 61, 

Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi-, 

ments 7, 

Additional enlistments 6, 



653 



202 

664 



Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
1, 1865 75, 



519 



This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other Slates. 
* Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry. 
f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 



234 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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238 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



POPULATION OF IOWA, 
By Counties. 



COUNTIES. 






AGGREGATE. 








1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 


1840. 


y^oters. 


Adair 


7045 

7832 
19158 

2370 
17405 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 


3982 

4614 
17868 
16456 

1212 
22454 
21706 
14584 
12528 
17034 

1585 


984 

1533 

12237 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

57 






1616 








1727 


Allamakee 


777 
3181 




3653 


Appanoose 




627 




3679 




672 
135 
735 




4778 


Black Hawk 




4877 


Boone 




3515 






2656 


Buchanan 


517 




3890 


Buena Vista 




817 


Buncombe* 








Butler 


11734 

3185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

4249 

11400 

10118 

3559 

27184 

34295 

6039 

14386 

15757 

13249 

16893 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1436 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

9638 

7701 

1482 

15029 

11818 

21594 

7875 

3455 

794 

17456 

23061 

24128 

17127 

24654 

19168 


9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

35357 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17432 

27256 

1389 

38969 

1392 

16973 

10768 

4738 

11173 

4627 

6399 

7061 

6055 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

6282 

2596 

226 

16644 

22619 

22116 

17839 

24898 

19731 


3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

58 

4336 

5427 

62 

20728 

•18938 

383 

5244 

13764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1309 

5074 

1374 

793 






2598 


Calhoun 






681 


Carroll 






1197 


Cass 






2422 


Cedar 


3941 


1253 


3934 


Cerro Gordo 


1626 








1001 


Chickasaw 






2392 




79 




2213 


Clay 




868 




3873 
2822 


1101 
821 


5272 


Clinton 


6569 




1244 




854 
7264 

965 

1759 

12988 




3170 




3448 


Decatur 




2882 




168 
5577 


3662 


Des Moines 


6664 




394 


Dubuque 


10841 


3059 


8759 
299 


Fayette 


825 




4637 




2884 






1374 




1244 




2998 






1622 








1525 




3058 
1609 






2339 








1455 


Hancock 


179 

5440 

3621 

18701 

3168 

332 

43 

8029 

18493 

9883 

15038 

17573 

13306 






303 








3215 


Harrison 






2658 


Howard 


8707 


3772 


4641 
1712 








695 


Ida 






172 




822 
7210 
1280 
9904 
4472 
3007 




3676 


Jackson 

Jefferson 


1411 


4901 
5239 


2773 
1491 


3721 


Jones 


471! 4180 



* In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 



239 



COUNTIES. 


AGGREGATE. 




1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 


1840. 


Voters. 


Keokok 


20488 

3765 

33913 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

10389 

21623 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

21665 

16482 

7546 

2873 

39763 

5064 

3720 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

17980 

18541 

19269 

23865 

13978 

13114 

24233 

2986 

8568 

4908 

3244 


19434 

3351 

38210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5934 

21688 

715 


13271 
416 
29232 
18947 
10370 
5766 


4822 




4909 






773 


Lee 


18861 

5444 

4939 

471 


6093 
1373 
1927 


6709 




7274 


Louisa 


2899 


Lucas 


2464 


Lyon* 




287 




7339 

14816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

3409 

832 

8612 

1256 

16444 

8 


1179 

5989 

5482 

338 




2632 






5287 


Marion 




4988 


Marshall 




4445 


Mills 




2365 


Mitchell 






2338 


Monona 






1292 
2743 




2884 




Montgomery 




2485 


Muscatine 


5731 


1942 


6588 




695 


Osceola 






498 


Page 


9975 

1330 

2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

22346 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

23570 

6172 

2892 

2392 


4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2923 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3590 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14235 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 


551 




3222 


Palo Alto 




656 








1136 


Pocahontas 






464 


Polk 


4513 

7828 

615 




6842 


Po tt awat t omie 


4392 


Poweshiek 




3634 


Ri n ffffold 




1496 


Sac 






657 


Scott 


5986 


2140 


7109 
1084 


Shelby 


Sioux 






637 


Story 






2574 


Tama 


8 
204 




3911 


Taylor 




2282 


Union 




1924 


Van Buren 


12270 
8471 

961 
4957 

340 


6146 


3893 


Wapello 


3923 


Warren 




4168 


Washintrton 


1594 


6346 


Wayne 


2947 


Webster 




3747 


Winnebacfo 






4117 


Winneshiek 


546j 




406 


Woodbury 




1776 




1 




763 


Wright .. 






694 








Total 


1353118 


1191792 


674913 


192214J 


43112 


284.'^.'^ 7 






* Formerly Buncombe. 





240 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



ILLINOIS. 

Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 squara 
miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a 
table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
(forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
ous parts of the State, Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
standing at about 51" Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- 
sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which 
numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 

(90) 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



241 



Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of 
the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833 
unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized 
property presented the following totals: assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- 
ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th^ whole of 
the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at 
Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
formed the nucleus was, in 1768, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction 
with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 
19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. 




242 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



INDIANA. 

Tlie profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- 
ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous 
affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most 
particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper^ 
marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum^ 
hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties^ 
and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
(the capital). Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
bursements, §3,582,406, leaving a balance, $364,185 in favor of the State 
Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This 
State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
at Vincennes ; in 1768 it passed into the hands of the English, and was 
by the latter ceded to the United States in 1788. From 1788 till 1791, 
an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a 
monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
time being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- 
ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 243 

works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great 
Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of 
the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and 
political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
Population, 1,680^637. 



IOWA. 

In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram; has a 
length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres. 
The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the 
Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south 
section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form 
respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important 
as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, 
are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of ^20,000,000. 
Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des 
Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- 
lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812, 



244 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, 
after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913; in 1870, 
1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118. 



MICHIGAN. 

United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles ; breadth, fluctuating 
between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, 
loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, 
grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved 
woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
of land was -$398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
#13,711,979. In 1869, there were shijiped from the Lake Superior ports, 
874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief 
urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded 
debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. 
Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 245 

signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- 
ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
sanguinary struggle l)etween the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
when it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of 
warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 
1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified th& 
loth Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 



WISCONSIN. 

It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the west side the banks of 
the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the 
State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters 
and those of Lake ]\Iichigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives 
the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers ; Green Bay, the 
Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm 
Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
represented b}^ the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum, 



246 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, 
and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the 
State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
tables, and df the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. 
Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock, 
$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,906. 
The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, 
Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation 
reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal 
estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
696 ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. 
Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common 
school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- 
table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 
1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it 
became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
it within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, 
March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
tribal relations. 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 247 



MINNESOTA. 



Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its 
oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
54,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
superfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical 
feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
of country — 'the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Wiuibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets 
of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's 
clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
logs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
possessed b}^ Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
The political divisions of this State number 78 counties; of which the 
chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State ; 
this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 



248 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the 
entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,- 
816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school 
fund stood at sf>2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College. 
Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
such various j)hilanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
an intelligent and jirosperous community. The finances of the State for 
the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the 
right side to the amount of 1136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
previous year's figures. The earliest, exploration of Minnesota by the 
whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who 
gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England. 
Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
jjendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and, 
May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation 
of States. Population, 489,706. 



NEBRASKA. 

Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 
75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of 
the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
division, near the base of the Rock}' Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract 
of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy 
loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible 
of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. 
Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of 



THE NORTIIWESTERX STATES. 



249 



Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
Creek in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties, 
independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total 
amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
$77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
herself on, a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1851, Nebraska entered the 
Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 




IITINTIXCJ PRAIEIE WOLVES liN^ AX IIAKLY DAY. 



250 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

We, the people of the United States^ in order to form a more perfect union, 
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, ijrovide for the common 
defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty 
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Cdnstitution 
for the United States of America. 

Article I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- 
bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the 
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 
tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, 
and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 251 

tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by 
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age 
of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he 
shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of th 
Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro 
tempore^ in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
the office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States ; but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
and punishment according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
law appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other 
place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
treasury of the United States. They shall in ail cases, except treason. 



252 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office 
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments 
as on ^ ther bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
. the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by } eas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment), shall be x^resented to the President of the 
United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
Ctates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States ; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
Str.tes, and with the Indian tribes ; 

To_ estaljlish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix tlie standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish post offices and post roads ; 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 258 

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
for limited times, to authors and ii;ventors, the exclusive right to their 
respective Avritings and discoveries ; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water ; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for n longer term than two years ; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
naval forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci^ 
pline prescribed by Congress ; 

To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the 
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the 
consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
buildings ; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
ment or officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The ■ privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex jyost facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev 
enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels 
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 



254 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no 
person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
revision and control of the Congress. 

No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will 
not admit of delay. 

Article II. 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 
of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ; 
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

[*The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of 
the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then l)e counted. 
The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, 

• This clause between brackets has been superseded aud aimullcd by the Twelfth amendment 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 255 

the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have 
equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their votes ; which clay shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
office who shall not have attained the age of thirty -five years, and been 
fourteen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
them. 

Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation : 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their resjiective 
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
against the United States, ex<3ept in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
.shall appoint ambassaaors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
of such inferior officers as they .think proper in the President alone, in 
the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information 
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 



256 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- 
ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may 
adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 
States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

Article III. 

Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
states, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
original jurisdiction. 

In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Coyrt shall 
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
and under sucli regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not committed within an}^ state, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

Article IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. A.ud 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 257 

the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and tlie effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of citizens in the several states. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicl'-on of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
oLher state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed 
as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
lence. 

Article V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the aj:)- 
plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call 
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- 
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
which ma}^ be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

Article VI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 



258 



CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES 



bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
the United States. 

Article VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying 
the same. 

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEO. WASHINGTON, • 
President and Deputy from Virginia. 



New Hampshire. 
John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Gorham, 
RuFus King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 



Delaware. 
Geo. Read, 
John Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James M' Henry, 
Danl. Carroll, 
Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 



Neio York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
WiL. Livingston, 
Wm. Paterson, 
David Brearley, 
JoNA. Dayton. 



Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

North Carolina. 
Wm. Blount, 
Hu. Williamson, 
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 



Pennsylvania. 
B. Franklin, 
RoBT. Morris, 
Thos. Fitzsbions, 
James Wilson, 
Thos. Mifflin, 
Geo. Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Qouv. Morris. 



South Carolina. 
J. Rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

Greorgia. 
William Few, 
Abr. Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 259 



Articles in Addition to and Amendatory op the Constitution 
OF THE United States of America. 

Proposed hy Congress and ratified hy the Legislatures of the several states, 
pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 

Article I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

Article II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Article III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Article IV. 

The right of tlie people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by 
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall 
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor 
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 

Article VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to 
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Article VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 



260 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Article IX. 

The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

AuriCLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
or to the people. 

Article XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of any foreign state. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by 
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 263 

ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
to the ofSce of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States. 

Article XIIL 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

Article XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
twenty-one years of age and citizens of tlie United States, or in any way 
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 



264 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Article XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 187T, AND PRESIDENT, 18TG. 



Counties. 




1877. 
Governor. 




1876. 
President. 


Counties. 




1877. 
Governor. 




1n76. 
President. 




Rep. 


Dem. 


Gr. 


Pro. 


Kep. 


Dem. 


Rep. 


Dem. 


Gr 


Pro. 


Rep. 


Dem. 


Adair 


9§2 

876 
1547 
1165 

410 
1432 
178(1 
1612 
1180 
1290 

747 
1453 

418 

633 
1592 
1315 

903 

562 
1279 
1054 

517 
1873 
2444 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2315 

197 
1587 

213 
1933 
1233 
1311 
1250 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

340 
1492 
1348 
1770 

551 

382 

321 
1132 
1619 
1977 
1396 


161 
397 

1540 

1049 
352 
712 

1111 
981 
582 
769 
192 
758 
75 
744 
839 

1093 

348 

74 

1107 

267 

16 

1770 

2327 
651 
215 

1231 
961 

1143 

1384 
8 

3415 
28 

1067 
208 
336 

1331 
215 
504 
496 
2G5 
95 
661 
86 4 
424 
647 
149 
54 

1120 

1966 

1154 
753 


581 
485 

69 
729 

26 
567 

95 
4G6 
196 
725 
161 

19 
171 
141 
116 
206 

72 
383 

37 
813 

20 

66 
286 

19 

1241 

803 

310 

32 
767 


15 
38 
36 
32 


1334 
1376 
1709 
1711 

427 
2901 
2979 
2018 
1737 
2227 

770 
1828 

622 

799 
1876 
2328 
1274 

864 
1574 
1405 

567 
2662 
3654 
1043 
2136 
1586 
1647 
2233 
3325 

259 
2798 

246 
3029 
2032 
1178 
1658 
1310 
1099 
1434 
1187 

281 
2152 
1557 
2809 
1194 

523 

212 
1870 
2126 

3375 

21(i6 


593 

626 
1646 
1419 

.352 
1356 
1592 
1305 

757 
1416 

200 




1884 

1868 

1772 

463 

2157 

2524 

VMS 

1203 

261 

1792 

1823 

1976 

1448 

1435 

1396 

680 

1034 

1122 

1753 

306 

295 

1166 

311 

779 

370 

3171 

2223 

1496 

964 

656 

3031 

888 

436 

1260 

1426 

1325 

899 

1490 

17^0 

1726 

1687 

1316 

850 

544 

2074 

1109 

628 

391 


2345 

1218 

1526 

236 

2863 

2316 

817 

804 

17 

1077 

10S6 

1866 

837 

1102 

459 

119 

928 

441 

1775 

21 

40 

508 

357 

487 

93 

1885 

2059 

882 

71 

128 

1963 

639 

132 

344 

833 

293 

516 

1305 

1029 

944 

1221 

832 

127 

40 

1009 

867 

132 

166 


18 

14 

322 

13 

350 

75 

89 

103 

9 

616 

1011 

760 

389 

98 

35 

432 

247 

532 

171 

201 

13 

348 


273 
68 

105 
89 

299 

585 

108 
12 
14 
56 

696 
95 

504 
28 
36 
9 
26 
47 

387 
14 
33 

293 

3 

39 

36 

94 

121 

346 
47 
13 
37 
16 


2345 

2591 

2364 

638 

3160 

4331 

1920 

1478 

262 

2246 

3221 

2736 

3056 

1452 

1663 

713 

1418 

1749 

2523 

463 

329 

2243 

343 

835 

374 

4321 

2565 

2509 

1246 

661 

3819 

897 

439 

1843 

2337 

1727 

1238 

2113 

2582 

2439 

2467 

1692 

1299 

498 

2759 

1034 


3563 


Adams 

Allamakee 

Appanoose 




1763 




1862 




227 




3682 




449 

244 

10 

1 

223 
20 
95 
74 
11 
30 

446 
40 
86 
94 
19 
67 

1G7 
66 

111 
80 
12 
19 

525 

6 

12 

53 




2917 


Black Hawk 




1008 




1044 






46 






15.38 


Buena Vista 

Butler ,. 




1701 


780| 




2304 


196 
771 
979 

1445 
448 
175 

1090 




1189 




Mills 


1165 




Mitchell 


671 






304 


Cerro Gordo 




1246 


Montgomery 


759 


Chickasaw 

Clark 

Clay 


2075 


816 


O'Brien 


116 


94 

2621 

3398 

638 

752 

1631 




59 






861 




Palo Alto 


333 






77 
44 

1353 
218 
420 
671 
177 
309 
3 
49 
644 
196 
868 
830 
301 

1265 
742 
303 
404 

1421 


602 


Dallas 


Pocahontas 

Polk 


141 




2382 




128.> 


Pottawattamie.... 


2414 




1466 

2917 

48 

4977 

36 

1709 

751 

379 




1083 


Den Moines 




422 




166 




406 


Scott 


2853 




Sh"Uiy 


631 




889 
162 
16 
334 
551 


27 
30 
10 




220 


Floyd 




187 
133 


579 




Tama 


1317 




1682 
510 


Taylor 


676 




27 
8 

21 

57 

2 

154 

19 
140 
519 

64 




63 
130 
296 
101 
112 
3 

47 


795 




417 

629 

425 

99 

980 

1386 

1485 

600 

183 

57 

1348 

2485 

1804 

1449 




1661 




364 
422 
29 
238 
523 

1041 
201 
115 
104 
642 
224 

1018 
576 




2412 






1315 




iWashington 


1508 




1341 






987 






39 




iWinneshiek 


279 

226 

8 

117 


238 

9 

14 

98 


1617 




997 


Ida 


Worth 


149 




228 
15 
268 
109 


Wright 


184 




Totals 






121546 
4219:i 


79353 


3422^ 


10639 


1713 ••. 
.5921; 


11212! 


Jeffprson 


Majorities 






Total vote, 1877, 245,766, 1876 (including3949 Greenback), 292,943. 



VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 



District. 


Rep. 


Dem. 


R. Maj. 


Total. 


Maj. '74. 


District. 


Rep. 1 Dem. 


R. Maj. 


Total. -Maj, '74. 


I 


17188 
16439 
17423 
20770 
19274 
18778 


14814 
14683 
16100 
9379 
11154 
14719 


2374 
1756 
1323 
11391 
8120 
4059 


32002 
31122 
33523 
30149 
30428 
33497 


D. 1863 
R. 657 
D. 63 
R. 3824 
R. 3243 


VII 


19496: 11688 


7808 
4122 
8980 


31184 R. 2300 


ir 


VIII .. 


19358 
19563 


15236 

10583 


34594 R. 2127 


Ill 


IX 


30146 R. 5849 








V 


168289 118356 


49933 


*292111 


VI 


R. 2724 











Total vote, 1874, 184,640 ; aggregate Republican miijority, 24,524. *Including 5,466 Greenback votes. 



Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 



Hoiv to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost ayicl selling price 
are given. 

Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selHng price, which 
wi'l be the gain or loss. 

Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 

How to change gold into currency. 

Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 

Hotv to change currency into gold. 

Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 

How to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership 
husiness. 

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
tient will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
each one's share of the gain or loss. 

How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs. 

A short and simple method for finding the net weighty or price of hogs., 
when the gross iveight or price is given, and vice versa. 

Note.— It is generally assunied that the gross weight of Hogs diminislied by 1-5 or 20 per cent. 
of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by K or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
gross weight. 

To find the net ^veight or gross price. 

Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

To find the gross weight or net price. 

Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed. 

Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 
6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 

For only an approximate ansiver, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
point off one decimal place. 

How to fiyid the contents of a corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 

(265) 



266 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

by 4^ ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will 
be the answer in bushels. 

Note.— In estimating corn in tlie ear, the quality and tlie time it lias been cribbed must be takea 
Into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean. 

Hoiv to find the contents of a cisteryi or tank. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off ONE 
decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 

Soto to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
(all in inches) in reverpj:d order, so that its units will fall under the 
TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 

Hoiv to measure hoards. 

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 

Hoiv to measure scantlings^ joists^ planks^ sills, etc. 

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 

How to find the number of acres in a body of land. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a 
remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 

When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, 
add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 

Hoiv to find the number of square yards in a floor or ivall. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 

Hoiv to find the number of bricks required in a building. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22^. 

The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
nd thickness (in feet) together. 

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 

Hoiv to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the 
shingles are exposed 4i inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
twice the length of the rafters. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 267 

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by .6 
(tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from 
the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
taken into consideration. 

Note.— By X or }^ pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be }i or M the width of the 
building higher than the walls or base of the rafters. 

How to reckon the cost of hay. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, 
and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 

How to measure grain. 

Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
the left. 

Note.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
multiplying the number of bushels by 8. 

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 

Rapid rules for measuring land tvithout instruments. 

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
given plot in square j^ards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
number of rods and acres. 

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 

Farmers and others hy adopting the following simple and ingenious con- 
trivance., may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard 
measure. 

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger oi 
the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 

To find hoiv many rods m length will make an acre., the loidth heiyig given. 
Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 



268 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

Hotv to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods 
being given. 

Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
and remove the decimal point tu'o places to the left. 

The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 

Hoto to find the diameter, when the circumference is given. 

Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 

To fiyid hoiv many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- 
ness throughout ivill contain when squared. 

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. 

General 7'ule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. 

Rule. — Multij^ly the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 

To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 

Sotvard' s new rule for computing interest. 

E,ULE. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
places to the left. 

Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 

Note.— The reciprocal of the rate Is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, in- 
verted, becomes >^ of a month, or 10 clays. 

When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
three ones. 

2lulefor converting English into American currency. 
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 

A township — 36 sections each a mile square. 
A section — 640 acres. 

A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
of a mile wide — 80 acres. 

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATIOX. 269 

The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east 
corner. 

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the 
cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- 
scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of 
the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, 
or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes 
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 

The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. 

SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches : make 1 link. 

25 links " 1 rod. 

4 rods " 1 chain. 

80 chains " 1 mile. 

Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 06 feet. 

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- 
corn ; three of which made an inch. 

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
measure is four inches — called a hand. 

In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes 
used, which is a length of nine inches. 

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 

The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 

A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 

A fathom is equal to 6 feet. 

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly 
speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal 
to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said 
to be a league. 

In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. 

An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 

A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- 
ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- 
quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, 
and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics 
and laborers. 



270 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



1875. 



A. II. JACKSON. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



Jan. 


10 


(( 


17 


Feb. 


4 


(( 


4 


March 


8 


(( 


8 


(( 


13 


(( 


27 


April 


9 
9 


May 


6 
24 


July 


4 



To 7 bushels Wheat. at $1.25 

By shoeing span of Horses 

To 14 bushels Oats at $ .45 

To 5 lbs. Butter at .25 

By new Harrow — _ 

By sharpening 2 Plows 

By new Double-Tree ' 

To Cow and Calf. 

To half ton of Hay 

By Cash 

By repairing Corn-Planter. 

To one Sow with Pigs 

By Cash, to balance account ._ 



48 




17 



$88 



30 



50 



05 



$2 
18 





25 
4 

35 



$88 



50 



00 
40 
25 



00 

75 

15 
05 



1875. 



CASS A MASON. 



Dr 



Cr. 



March 21 
" 21 
" 23 

May 1 

" 1 


By 3 days' labor - 

To 2 Shoats 

To 18 bushels Corn 

By 1 month's Labor 


at $1.25 

at 3.00 

at .45 


$(3 
8 

10 

2 
2 

20 

18 


00 
10 

00 

75 
70 

00 
20 


$3 
25 

18 
9 


75 
00 


To Cash 




June 19 


By 8 days' Mowing . .. 


at $1.50 


00 


" 26 


To 50 lbs. Flour 




July 10 
" 29 

Aug. 12 
" 12 


To 27 lbs. Meat. ... 

By 9 days' Harvesting 

By 6 days' Labor. 

To Cash 


at $ .10 

at 2.00 

at 1.50 


00 
00 


Sept. 1 


To Cash to balance account .. .. 










$67 


75 


$67 


75 



INTEPtEST TABLE. 

A SiMFLK Rule pou AcccRATKLr Computing Interest at Ant Given Pkii Cent. for. any 

Length op Ti.m:e. 

Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product 
bythegitotientobtainedby dividing 360 (the uuml)er of days in the interest year) by the per cent, of interest, 
and the quotient thus obtain.ed will be the required interest. 

Solution. 



ILLUSTRATION. 



S4(i2..50 
- .48 

370000 
» \ 185000 



Requiretheinterestof S462.50for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An 
interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi- 
plied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and 
S22'3.0000 divided by 60 will give vou the exact interest, which is $3.70. Iftlie rafc of 
interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 liy 30 6)360 > 

(because 360 divided bv 12 gives .30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; If 8 per i 

cent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent, 60/$222.0000i $3.70 

180 

420 
420 



00 



MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 



12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. I 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour, j 24 sheets of paper, I Quire. 

12 dozen, 1 Gross. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 20 quires paper 1 Ream. , .^ . ,„ ^ 

20 things, 1 Score. 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 f'. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 271 

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 

Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 

his first attempt to colonize that region. 

Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 

Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was 

the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 

owned that section of the country. 

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 
Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 
Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its 

prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." 

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolaua," 

after Charles the Ninth of France. 

Greorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
established a colony there in 1732. 

Termessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the 
Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 

Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." 

Ohio means " beautiful ; " loiva, " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy 
water," and Wisconsin, "wild-rushing channel." 

Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French 
suffix ois, together signifying "tribe of men." 

Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was 
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
applies to the river that flows through it. 

Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river. 

Cortes named California. 

Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." 

Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long 
River." 

Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of 
England. 

New York was named by the Duke of York. 

Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
Penn, its orignal owner. 



272 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 

Neiv Jersey^ so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
Governor of the Island of Jerse}', in the British Channel. 

Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 

Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
Mountain. 

New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
formerly called Laconia. 

The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
Khodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
resemble. 

Texas is the American word for the jNIexican name by which all that 
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 



POPULATION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 

" i Total 

Population. 



States and Territories. 



Alabama I 

Arkansas 

California I 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 1 

Illinois 2 

Indi ana , 1 

Iowa 1 

Kansas 

Kentucky [ 1 

Iiouislana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts — 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Kebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New J ersey 

New York . 4, 

North Carolina 1 



Ohio. 
Oregon 

Pennsylvania 3 

Khode Island .. 
South Carolina 

Tennessee 1 

Texas ... 
Vermont 

Virginia 1 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 1 



Total States. 



Arizona 

Colorada 

Dakota 

District of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



996, 
484, 
560, 
537, 
125, 
187, 
,184, 
,539, 
,680, 
,191, 
364, 
,321, 
726, 
626, 
780, 
,457, 
,184, 
439, 
827, 
,721, 
122, 

42, 
318, 
906, 
.382, 
.071, 
665, 

90, 
..521 
217, 
705 
,258, 
818 
330 
,225 
442 
054 



992 

471 
247 
454 
015 
74 8 
109 
891 
637 
792 
399 
Oil 
915 
915 
894 
351 
059 
706 
922 
295 
993 
491 
.300 
096 
759 
361 
260 
923 
791 
353 
,606 
520 
579 
,551 
163 
014 
,670 



Total Territories ... 
Total United States, 



38.113,253 

9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 

442,730 



38,555,983 



POPULATION OF FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL CITIES. 



New York, N. Y 

Philadelphia, Pa.... 

Brooklyn, N. Y 

St. Louis, Mo 

Chicago, 111 

Baltimore, Md 

Boston, Mass 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

New Orleans, La. .. 
i San Francisco, Cal. . 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Washington, D. C... 

Newark, N. J 

Louisville, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Jersey City, N. J ... 

Detroit, Mich 

Milwaukee, Wis 

Albany. N. Y 

Providence, R. I 

Rochester, N. Y 

Allegheny, Pa 

Richmond, Va 

New Haven, Conn.. 

Charleston, S. C 

Indianapolis, Ind... 

Troy, N. Y 

Syracuse, N. Y 

Worcester, Mass 

Lowell, Mass 

Memphis. Tenn 

Camljridge. Mass... 

Hartford, Conn 

Scranton, Pa 

Reading, Pa 

Paterson. N.J 

Kansas City, Mo 

Mobile, Ala 

Toledo. Ohio 

Portland, Me 

Columbus, Ohio 

Wilmington. Del 

Dayton, Ohio 

Lawrence, Mass 

Utica, N. Y 

Charlestown, Mass. 

Savannah, Ga 

Lynn. Mass 

Fall River, Mass.... 



Aggregate 
Population. 



942 

674, 

396, 

310, 

298, 

267, 

250, 

216 

191 

149. 

117, 

109 

105 

100, 

92 

86 

82, 

V9, 

71, 

69, 

68 

62 

53, 

51. 

50, 

48 

48 

46, 

43, 

41, 

40 

40 

39 

37, 

35 

33 

33 

32 

32 

31 

31 

31 

30, 

30, 

28 

28 

28, 

28, 

28 

26, 



292 
022 
099 
864 
977 
354 
526 
239 
418 
473 
714 
199 
059 
753 
829 
076 
546 
577 
440 
422 
904 
386 
180 
038 
840 
956 
244 
465 
051 
105 
923 
226 
634 
180 
092 
930 
579 
260 
034 
,584 
,413 
274 
841 
473 
,921 
804 
323 
235 
233 
766 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



273 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



States and 
Territories. 



States. 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California.. .. 
Connecticut.... 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 



50, 

52, 

188 

4. 

2, 
59, 
58, 
55, 
33, 
5,5, 
81, 
37, 
41, 
31, 
11, 

7, 
56, 
83, 
47, 
6.5, 
75, 
112, 

9, 

8, 
47, 
50, 
39, 
95, 
Last Census of 



Missouri. 

Nebraska '. 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina.. 

Ohio 

Oregon 



Area in 
sfjuare 
Miles. 



722 

198 
981 
674 
120 
268 
000 
410 
809 
045 
318 
600 
346 
776 
184 
800 
451 
531 
156 
350 
995 
090 
280 
320 
000 
704 
964 
244 
Mich 



Population. 



1870. 



1875. 



1,350,544 
528,349 



857,039 



996,992 

484.471 

560,247 

537,4,54 

12.5.015 

187,748 
.184,109 
,539,891 
,680,637 
,191.792 

364,399 
,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 
,457,351 
,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 
,721.295 

123,993 
42,491 

318,300 

906,096 
,382,759 
,071,361 
,665,260 
90,923 
igan taken in 1874. 



1,651,912 

1,334,031 

598,429 



246,280 
52,540 



1,026,502 

4,705,208 



Miles 
R. R. 

1872. 



1,67 



1 
25 
013| 
820 ! 
227: 
466; 
108! 
904 
529 
160 
760 
133 
539 
871 
820 
606 
235 
,612 
990 
,580 
828 
593 
790 
,265 
,470 
,190 
,740 
lo9 



State.s and 
Territories. 



Slates. 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Total States. 



Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakota 

Dist. of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington, 
Wyoming 

Total Territories 



Area iu 
square 
Miles. 



46,000 
1,306 
29.385 
45,600 
237,504 
10,212 
40,904 
23.000 
53,924 



1,950,171 




P0PULATI0^•. 



1870. 



3,521.791 
217,353 
705,606 

1,258,520 
818.579 
330.551 

1,225,163 
442.014 

1.0.54.670 



38,113,253 



9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131,700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 



25,S,239 
925,145 



1,236, 72C 



Miles 
R. R. 

1872. 



5.113 
136 

1,201 

1,520 
865 
675 

1,490 
485 

1,725 



59,587 



498 
442,730 1 1,265 



Aggregate of C. S.. "2,915,203 38,555,983 1 60.852 

* Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. 



PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 

]^OPULATION AND ArEA. 



COUNTRIE.S. 



China 

British Empire 

Kussia 

United States with Alaska. 

France 

Austria and Hungary 

Japan 

Oreat Britain and Ireland. 

German Emjjire 

Italy 

Spam 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden and Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal 

Holland 

New Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine Republic 

AVurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

San Salvador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San Domingo 

Costa Rica 

Hawaii 



Population. 



446,500.000 

226,817,108 

81,925,400 

38,925,600 

.36,469,800 

35,904,400 

34,785,300 

31,817,100 

29,906,092 

27,439.921 

16,642,000 

10,000,000 

16,463,000 

9,173,000 

5,921.500 

5,000,000 

5,021,300 

4,861,400 

3,995,200 

3,688,300 

3,000.000 

2,000.000 

2,669.100 

2,500,000 

2,000,000 

1,812,000 

1,818,500 

1,784,700 

1,500.000 

1,461,400 

1,457.900 

1,180,000 

1,. 300, 000 

1,000.000 

823,138 

718,000 

600,000 

572,000 

3,50,000 

300,000 

350.000 

136,000 

165.000 

62.9.50 



Date of 
Census. 



1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 



1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

■1869 
1871 
1870 

'isii 

1870 
1871 

'isVi 

1871 

1871 
1871 



Area in 
Square 
Miles. 



3,741.846 

4,677,432 

8,003,778 

■-',603,884 

204,091 

240.348 

149,399 

121,315 

160,207 

118,847 

195,775 

3,253,029 

672,621 

761,526 

292,871 

635.964 

11,373 

29,292 

34,494 

12,680 

357,157 

1.32.616 

15,992 

471.838 

497,321 

871,848 

7,533 

14,753 

368,238 

5,912 

19,353 

40,879 

218,928 

63.787 

2,969 

9,576 

7.335 

10,205 

58,171 

66,722 

47,092 

17,827 

21.505 

7.633 



Inhabitant! 

to Square 

Mile. 



119.3 

48.6 

10.2 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

232.8 

262.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 

24.4 



20. 
7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
28.9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
76 



80. 



Pekin 

London 

St. Petersburg. 

Washington 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London , 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid 

Rio Janeiro 

Constantinople 

Mexico 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels 

Munich 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Chuquisaca 

Buenos Ayres.. 

Stuttgart 

Copenhagen.... 

Cai'iiccas 

Carlsruhe 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal Salvador . . . 
Port au Prince 

Managua 

Monte Video... 

Comayagua 

San Domingo... 

San Jose 

Honolulu 



Population. 



1,648,800 

3,251.800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,825,300 

833,900 

1,5.54,900 

3,251,800 

825,400 

244,484 

332,000 

420,000 

1,075,000 

210.300 

136,900 

120,000 

314,100 

169,500 

224,063 

90,100 

45,000 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

25,000 

177,800 

91,600 

162.042 

47,000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30,000 

3,000 

15,000 

20,000 

10,000 

44.500 

12,000 

20,000 

2,000 

7,633 



STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.) 



Xo. of 
Acres 
of Im- 
proved 
Laud. 



Appanoose 

Alamakee 

Audubon 

Adams 

Adair 

Buena Vista . 

Benton 

Boone 

Butler 

Bremer 

Black Hawk.. 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Cherokee 

Cass 

Crawford 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo. . . 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Chickasaw 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Calhoun 

Davis 

Decatur 

Dubuque 

Des Moines 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Floyd 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Grundy 

Green 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Humboldt 

Howard 

Harrison 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Jasper 

Jon^B 

Jefferson 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Lmn 

Louisa 

Mitchell 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mills 

Madison 

Monroe 

Marshall 

Monona 

Muscatine 

Montgomery... 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Polk 

Pochahontas... 
Pottawattomie 

Powesheik 

Page 

Plymouth 

Palo Alto 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Story 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Sac 

Taylor 

Tama 

Union 

Van Buren 

■Wayne., 

Warren 

Wiunesheik.... 

"Woodbury 

Worth 

Washington ... 

Webster 

Winnebago 

Wright 

Wapello 

Totals 



161059 

134767 

21146 

65459 

83182 

33118 

29T518 

15698' 

14949S 

14596 

213025 

19056 

37059 

54638 

110864 

58058 

248869 

529S0 

212291 

299855 

96504 

58065 

98694 

26996 

150938 

115751 

187831 

1J3665 

472029 

15770 

132435 

9989 

147098 

179504 

69859 

11590' 

146089 

59940 

87259 

128S31 

29114 

115823 

94848 

10462 

63966 

182080 

7292 

191041 

193290 

241021 

278881 

208907 

167389 

208125 

31550 

183832 

108952 

15872 

281118 

151007 

126384 

232398 

199669 

141512 

161998 

102215 

223735 

52242 

178945 

104633 

83626 

18490 

207689 

21928 

124C30 

208989 

156782 

58233 

18517 

18400 

235515 

148649 

53180 

39824 

31336 

102S61 

255182 

57005 

153674 

147766 

194265 

246140 

44179 

48927 

225176 

97238 

17589 

35516 

150209 



No. of 
Acres 
Unim- 
proved 
Land. 



No. of 
Acres 
under 
Culti- 
vation 
in 1874. 



161083 

156821 
23819 
43- 

55680 
37034 
53911 
71810 
58908 
47a)l 

150881 
71418 
39919 
28974 
45301 

283414 
4141 

309895 

151908 
5733' 
94772 

309744 
5048' 



116003 
87172 
98561 
58165 
62305 
29850 
57765 
25586 
32130 
98156 
43046 

19883;a 
47926 
49838 
47220 
39930 
36906 

171048 

337451 

341615 
39935 
50249 
9494 
89357 

142401 
71257 

179752 
63298 
66979 
98999 
48793 
78692 
59757 

318841 
62649 
52922 
70176 

122490 
82779 
53604 

188709 
78206 
47552 
56278 
48832 
506O 
32070 
31406 
56841 
35572 

419489 
48697 

175471 
51912 
32225 
5SS29 
19123 
43874 
39326 

367394 
47201 

235515 
90222 
33216 
99528 
6679.S 

167178 

131670 
5709- 
4.595' 
5565: 
61744 
30625 
32387 
63491 



125188 
109,388 
15986 
54352 
66265 
27010 
239408 
108642 
124S- 
104810 
181256 
157240 
333 
45412 
92785 
15262 
16648: 
48648 
173622 



Spring Wheat. 



i'c°ref|BuVefs 
Acres. Harv'fd 



74104 
39159 
78803 
26618 
13159' 
95275 
146244 
97618 
16135 
11961 
114625 
838 
110708 
133758 
65590 
103039 
1351U8 
52323 
76892 
97765 
27013 
61871 
72287 
9005 
52050 
110831 
6514 
158488 
142401 
193019 
216949 
140684 
125590 
149672 
28835 
133580 
88857 
12766 
175655 
100066 
94133 
150368 
153214 
9983' 
137979 
91730 
117303 
39844 
129699 
86026 
26134 
14651 
140450 
19219 
90679 
171588 
115484 
44379 
16679 
50873 
185742 
9938 
47230 
83515 
24179 
79442 
214941 
45S26 
113263 
117689 
158737 
259469 
3309- 
3215' 
157884 
70910 
12421 
28957 
135173 



12627850 8410435 9354905 3690711 42669731 



9606 

61880 

6876 

1794 

27550 

15514 

99406 
32505 

5790' 
48878 
89361 
64291 

174SI 

31693 

4012E 

24000 

4046 

28199 

86883 

68683 

40162 

26756 

17968 

11040 

5378 

8211 
49240 
10615 
60401 

5701 
29256 

3911 
62067 
60779 
31096 
13229 
67384 
19391 
27489 
38464 
12046 
36115 
23948 

4889 
20676 
15026 

3108 
48410 
43515 
45306 
79926 
3609ti 
16237 
33278 
10798 
10851 
13954 

8132 
52178 
19764 
65534 
34362 
45136 
24385 
37553 
11638 
69895 
15334 
32375 

1381 
14904 

8769 
37686 

7434 
33369 
57312 
22G89 
33628 

8606 
10926 
47698 
26658 
22029 
22996 
11056 
15446 
97013 
105S6 

7455 
10375 
42175 
112175 
15^43 
23092 
41646 
30554 

8939 
13629 
17368 



937639 

89235 

281376 

43.5014 

162737 

1343666 

42925- 

77916' 

644795 

1108024 

812342 

153159 

401507 

676209 

324894 

640544 

415463 

1305125 

1010345 

643519 

340161 

217090 

109031 

30993 

77169 

634135 

113396 

71728 

25822 

445848 

1510 

941439 

863670 

455909 

2069U1 

9766U7 

257760 

393574 

497'25l 

20902 

58-2803 

143701 

70006 

294682 

180220 

48815 

670247 

550000 

666779 

1107170 

462478 

164904 

368528 

13139 

72624 

153587 

76742 

656597 

189939 

1083811 

395532 

529663 

84-2961 

628314 

101413 

1125382 

183811 

416471 

551539 

157526 

7475 

563389 

30774 

588971 

762826 

355792 

442736 

23-208 

78851 

762315 

33089 

317944 

251286 

110094 

206813 

143780' 

141188 

58808 

76346 

654679 

1813465 

27887: 

41048' 

469879 

391051 

162281 

196166 

157535 



Winter "WTieat. 



Indian Corn. 



Oats. 



Value of 
I Products 

^^o- of 1 Busl '^sl >^-°- ^f Bushels' ^o. of ^J^'^^fJ °''!n™ 
Acres. |B^",$e,lSi Acres. ^a.Vtd Acres. J^,^»?/| Dollars. 



1049 


10838 


181 


1964 


10 


97 


7 


174 


70 


3500 



205 
189 
32 
25 
263 
21 

"^' 

8 



1347 


21030 


12 


428 


H 


63 


3 


20 


7 


55 


10 


150 


5379 


56405 


817 


12239 


H4 


1720 


KfiHS 


117310 


5 


50 



7 


186 






46 


968 


841 


16625 


2 
22 


44 
360 










84 


1200 


■■■■goii' 


■■113203" 


36 
491 
100 


1080 
7942 

1274 


31 
6192 
148 
140 
15400 
31 


409 
66739 
1363 


200407 
3-29 
54 


12 
1388 


160 
16267 



2697 
?212 
543 
484 
5584 
200 

"629 
166 







21 


394 


63 


475 


12-20 
10 
325 
125 
40 
8 


20235 
160 


1762 
618 
20 








io 


244 


8068 


53 

10928 

143 

61 


960 

121854 

1236 

910 










1439 
5 
11 


14193 


270 



64871 
243-25 
9225 
25474 
30860 
7888 
83244 
46151 
38685 
28754 
56592 
48831 
8797 
9459 
40582 
17957 
782-24 
9512 
37948 
89297 
16821 
16014 
39066 
10656 
62127 
50484 
67118 
1029-24 
56150 
3183 
57652 
2197 
26462 
87091 
24066 
73845 
40175 
783037 
38902 
41304 
99S8 
9916 
44720 
2067 
20441 
62672 
2301 
82518 
53962 
77142 
100217 
65423 
55061 
75697 
9781 
59863 
47022 
2645 
91773 
49642 
11-274 
83775 
84630 
59543 
69494 
45575 
67699 
21577 
54760 
39251 
6379 
2510 
77497 
8981 
47-258 
86748 
71386 
10097 
6641 
35613 
59071 
51273 
17674 
6780 
8662 
48260 
73251 
24063 
50-211 
656-25 
80280 
27185 
14647 
8530 
78265 
28713 
1374 
10089 
57035 



2385243 

905920 

394655 

969777 
140-24-28 

228231 
3328921 
1595752 
1270878 
1026641 
1939590 
1811-250 

180120 

315215 
1901062 

648658 
2845921 

265443 
1471263 
3061338 

514-279 

550041 
1580-260 

3511-20 
2115569 
1763140 
1702391 
2307938 
1690335 
44455 
2484898 
14-273 

642448 
1296480 

758983 
1703985 
148-2582 

783027 
1669134 
1379961 

297381 

307912 

16-20192 

57899 

670731 
241,5670 

108465 
2713830 
1665518 
3158178 
4525SS9 
1909534 
1695510 
8327-282 

119... 
2190306 
190-2530 
103% 
34399-23 
2184658 

411961 
3768-209 
8835063 
1533976 
2953630 
1738916 



1715973 
144146 

106052 

17279 

327-2040 

229-263 
1750038 
3571105 
2239043 

175778 

142957 
1145937 
2-226346 
17834 

689556 
3-2038 

279716 
1419680 
2842859 
1130930 
18-23622 
2405187 
3561365 

977316 

490371 

12-?291 
2832241 

917911 
52425 

281821 
2143791 



4700176 136284542 982994 



13756 

12776 

788 

3951 

4455 

2791 

15490 

10401 

13827 

14'259 

16804 

17431 

4436 

3545 

9079 

2902 

20243 

7199 

20C24 

23704 

11744 

3238 

12337 

2993 

13643 

10555 

25115 

9242 

20577 

2403 

9937 

1549 

15461 

20770 

9532 

5419 

11786 

4-2-27 

4145 

10982 

3974 

10210 

8462 

1353 

5108 

13393 

455 

11756 

23652 

17760 

15267 

1 8-260 

14005 

15582 

5143 

11817 

1-2665 

3477 

22670 

6792 

14078 

16646 

10937 

65'28 

8743 

11512 

13611 

2304 

13287 

5322 

3107 

1390 

12188 

2541 

5278 

11416 

9758 

4I6I 

2979 

9118 

15915 

11273 

2254 

4591 

8085 

8718 

13574 

61-27 

12596 

13242 

8391 

24307 

8072 

4445 

15701 

7491 

1,3'27 

4134 

11570 



387346 

442829 

33233 

141293 

1597.39 

67069 

445070 

404620 

421719 

518571 

538196 

556209 

98766 

115595 

176281 

99158 

675837 

2-28097 

669895 

702059 

446300 

1075' 

367643 

73182 

845707 

344551 

643322 

287392 

632113 

37282 

335124 

3241 

487729 

70440' 

328679 

179645 

401948 

1-20948 

1,53505 

356945 

90944 

340268 

69140 

48816 

168262 

358-221 

14060 

319071 

521156 

52219' 

532239 

4648-24 

446128 

447603 

27857 

279069 

342164 

13789 

585648 

175755 

542662 

496248 

335746 

232639 

285103 

241081 

465245 

66475 

405562 

201635 

53931 

26829 

431841 

40494 

168081 

333565 

34650' 

1-2043' 

46859 

25500 

528868 

343265 

71676 

45096 

6.599 

26965' 

384469 

187748 

353698 

367396 

281510 

8216508 

91647 

161557 

45.33-20 

207493 

45109 

135176 

293590 



29144352!$131536747 



ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 

Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and Avhen so payable, 
every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
expressed. 

In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, 
a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
when so expressed ; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in waiting, 
on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. 

DESCENT. 

The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve 
months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including 
life insurance, descends as does real estate. 

One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution 
or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her 
right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 



276 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 
wife. 

The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless 
she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
visions of the will. 

The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 
or surviving wife. 

Subject to the above,, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 

Fiist. To his or her children and their descemlants in equal parts ; the 
descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
deceased parents in equal shares among them. 

Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no 
parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
ants. 

TJdrd. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate 
shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, 
or child or children, or descendants of the same. 

Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 
like rules. 

Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 



WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 

No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. 
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
ble for extra services. 

Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
or administrator shall give such notice of appointmeiit as the court or clerk shall 
direct. 

Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 277 

Claims are classed and payable in the following order : 

1. Expenses of administration. 

2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 

3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court. 

4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 

5. Public rates and taxes. 

6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice 
given by the executors of their appointment. 

7. All other debts. 

8. Legacies. 

The awards or property which must be set apart to the widoiv, in her own 
right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of th<» 
deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 



TAXES. 

The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are 
liable for the taxes thereon. 

The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. .• 

1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public 
grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead ; fire engines and all 
implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used 
with a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
assessment. 

2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions ; 
used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
dents in any such institution, used for their education. 

3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
scribed by their charter. - — 

4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous 
to the listing ; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value ; 
family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, 
all wearing apparel in actuaj use, and all food provided for the family ; but no 
person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 

5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 



278 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases 
reported to the Board of Equalization bj the Assessor or any other person, and 
subject to reversal by them. 

6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
in value. 

7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
should not be taxed for the year in which tlie entry, location or purchase is 
made. 

There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 
forest trees or hedges. 

Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for 
taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
as is not covered by insurance. 

All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 

Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
purpose. 

The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and 
assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 

The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 

Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 

Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty 2^ er centum of 
such amount immediately added as ijenalty, ivith ten ijer cent, interest 'per 
annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
year, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
cent, interest as before. 

If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 281 

JURISDICTION OF COURTS 

DISTRICT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in 
criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 

CIRCUIT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
in matters of estates and general probate business. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 

have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent 
of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, 
committed within their respective counties, in which the fine, by law, does not 
exceed '^100 or the imjjrisonment thirty days. 

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 

Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 

Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 

Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property ; for relief 
on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
five (5) years. 

Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
ten (10) years. 

Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
within twenty (20) years. 

All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
— time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
included in computing any of the above periods. 

Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
bring action. 

JURORS. 

All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, 
and in fall possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors 
in their respective counties. 

United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 



282 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
as jurors. 

Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests 
or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 

was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with 
the jury to inflict it or not. 

A MARRIED WOMAN 

may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
vey, encumber, control or contract. 

She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 
may. 

Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 

She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 

She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 

A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private 
libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
ground not exceeding one acre ; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all 
pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- 
stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for 
actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor ; the 
horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokea 
of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or 
other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, taere 
shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. 

Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 283 

There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
acres ; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as 
such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. 

An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
money thereof. 

Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five 
dollars in value. 

A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or 
wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. 

ESTRAYS. 

An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found Avithin the lawful 
enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; 
and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
such notice, and shall make affidavit where such estray was taken up. 

Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
as an estray. 

Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray was taken 
up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The 
estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
descri2)tion of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten 
days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 

When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 

Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
plied with the law and paid costs. 

An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and 
moderation. 

If any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
comply with the law regarding estrays, or use or work it contrary to above, or 
work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
than five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall forfeit 
to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with 
costs. 

If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a comnlete title 
vests in the finder. 



284 ABSTRACT OF IdWA STATE LAWS. 

But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 

WOLF SCALPS. 
A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. 

MARKS AND BRANDS. 

Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 

No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
residing in his township. 

DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 

When any person's lands are enclosed by a lawful fence, the owner of any 
domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
distraint. 

When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday 
not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 
the party shall have the to\^nship Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall 
be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
thereof, shall, on the tenth day after posting the notice^ between the hours of 1 
and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 

Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
cuit Court. 

Where stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 

FENCES. 

A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, Avire or boards, with 
posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where 
boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence 
which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a laAvful fence — 
provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
teen inches from the ground. 

The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition 
fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 

If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, 
the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found insuf- 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 285 

ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or re-build the same 
within such time as they judge reasonable. 

If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, 
the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
cent a month interest, by action. 

In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case 
any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
damages. 

No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
tion fences. 

Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
refuses to divide the line or build a suflScient fence on the line when divided, 
the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
recover as above. 

And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 

Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
SIX months' notice thereof. 

Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to 
build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose tlie crops of the 
other party ; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS' LIENS. 

Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any 
work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his 
agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
done or materials furnished. 

It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of 
the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
allowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or 
labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 



286 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

the property sougLt to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by 
affidavit. 

A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as 
above. 

Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 

Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
pal contractor, thirt}' days for a sub-contractor, as above; and that actions to 
enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
better be done with an attorney. 

ROADS AND BRIDGES. 

Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one-half of 
the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
ing five dollars. 

The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 

Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
thirty days. 

It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
break upon, plow or dig Avithin the boundary lines of any public highway. 

The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- 
ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 

The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put 
guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district ; and when noti- 
fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
one time, without their consent. 

Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon 
vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or 
agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. 

Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 

A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
across any such bridge. 

The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by 
petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 

The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 

a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 

at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) 

When the petition is filed, all necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 287 



ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 



Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child 
of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- 
ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 

The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
acknowledged. 

The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. 

SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 

There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It 
is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make 
all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and 
impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
with. 

Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
twenty-five cents. 

SUPPORT OF POOR. 

The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 

The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
for an order to compel the same. 

Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
person. 



288 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
Circuit Court. 

When any person, having any estate, abandons either chiklren, wife or hus- 
band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of tlie 
Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
possession such estate. 

The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
wife or husband. 

If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- 
son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
the property taken returned. 

The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every 
township officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 



LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 

Any person in possession of real property, with the assent of the owner, is 
presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. 

Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party 
before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is 
reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need 
not be greater than such interval between the days of payment. In case of 
tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of 
the tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field 
tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- 
vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 
1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But when an express 
agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, 
the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice- 
But where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the 
building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. 

The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
year after a years rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but 
such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
term. 

The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



289 



of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
affidavit. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: 



Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 

Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 

Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 82 

Osage Orange Seed 32 

Millet Seed 45 

Stone Coal. 80 

Lime 80 

Corn in the ear 70 

Wheat 60 

Potatoes 60 

Beans 60 

Clover Seed 60 

Onions 57 

Shelled Corn 56 

Rye 56 

Flax Seed 56 

Sweet Potatoes 46 



Sand 130 

Sorghum Seed 30 

Broom Corn Seed 30 

Buckwheat 52 

Salt 50 

Barley 48 

Corn Meal 48 

Castor Beans 46 

Timothy Seed 45 

Hemp Seed 44 

Dried Peaches 38 

Oats 33 

Dried Apples 24 

Bran 20 

Blue Grass Seed 14 

Hungarian Grass Seed 45 



Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs 
and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 



DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 

before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United States 
Currency. 

£ vaQQXiS, pounds, English money. 

@ stands for at or to; ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; "^ for per or b7/ 
the. Thus, Butter sells at 20(rt;30c f ft), and Flour at |8(^il2 f bbl. 

% for per cent., and J for number. 

May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20(«)|1. 25, " seller June." Seller June meaxis 
that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
time during the month of June. 

Selling sliort, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
at a profit. Hence the "shorts " are termed "bears." 

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 
possible. 



290 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

NOTES. 

Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
•iejfne of payment are mentioned : 

$100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 1.5, 1876. 

Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- 
<3red dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. 

A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
stituted for money in the above form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders should be worded simply, thus : 
Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to 

F. D. SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 

$100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 

Thomas Brady. 
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 

BILLS OF PURCHASE. 

W. N. Mason, ■ Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 

Bought of A. A. Graham. 

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at 11.50 |6 00 

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 



Received payment, $6 60 

A. A.- Graham. 

CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 

$ . , Iowa, , 18—. 

after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, 

at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after 

until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 

interest at same rate and conditions. 

A failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the 
whole note to become due and collectable at once. 

If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, $ shall be allowed as attorney fees. 

No. — . P. 0. , . 



CONFESSION OF .JUDGMENT. 
VS. — . In Court of County, Iowa, , of 



County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 291 

sura of dollars, and the further sum of $ as attorney fees, with 

interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 

against as defendant in favor of said . for said sum of $ , 

and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 

said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 

interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 

Said debt and judgment being for . 

It is especially agreed, however, That if this judgment is paid within twenty 

days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 

and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 

far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
for this judgment. 

Dated , 18—. . 



The State of Iowa, 

County. 

being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 

understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are 

true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said 

as aforesaid. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 



this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. 



ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 

An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. 

GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 

This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to 
and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
of this year, One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
by the thirtieth of November. 

And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
of this contract, on the part of tlie party of the first part, contracts to and agrees 
with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
as soon as delivered. 



292 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

In case of feilure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby 
stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- 
dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
above written. John Jones, 

Thomas Whiteside. 

agreement with clerk for services. 

This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, 
County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without 
absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. 

In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
the said Stone to the said Barclay. 

Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 

George Barclay. 

BILLS OF SALE. 

A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
convey his right and interest in the personal property. TJie j^iirchaser must 
take actual possession of the propertt/, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged 
and recorded. 

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 

Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his execucors, administra- 
tors and assigns, ray undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 
sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
every person whatsoever. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

Louis Clay. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 293 

NOTICE TO QUIT. 

To John Wontpay : 

You are hereby notified to quit the possession of the premises you now 
occupy to wit : 

\_Insert Description.^ 

on or before thirty days from the date of this notice. 

Dated January 1, 1878. Landlord. 

\_Ileverse for Notice to Landlord.'] 



GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
tament, in manner following, to-wit : 

First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the 
Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one 
quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, 
and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office, in the county where such land 
is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is 
devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. 

Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five 
shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. 

Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto 
disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
— said farm being my present place of residence. 

Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to 
my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
father. 

Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria 
Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time wlien she may arrange to relinquish her 



294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my 
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 

And lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and my eldest son, Sidney 
H. Mansfield. 

I further direct that- my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid 
from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- • 
ever. 

In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-two. 

Charles Mansfield. 
Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in 
the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by 
this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 

Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, 
a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- 
field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and 
title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
Anna Louise, in the body of this Avill. 

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- 
field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
we, at his re(|uest, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, 
John C. Shay, Bellevue, Iowa. 



{Form No. 1.) 

SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 

State of Iow\\, 1 

County, j 

I, , of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 

that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the — day of , A. D. 

18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on 

the following described Real Estate, in the County of , and State of 

Iowa, to-wit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the 
Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of , 



ABSTRACT UF IOWA STATE LAWS. 295 

A. D. 18 — , at o'clock , M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 

Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 

. [seal.] 

State of Iowa, \ 

County, j ^^' 

Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before 

me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , 

to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 

(satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 

thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 

Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 

written. . 



"ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

Knoav all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and 

State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of 

County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 

the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 

, to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 

said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 

incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 

the same ; and do hereby covenant to Avarrant and defend the same against 

the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 

the said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 

attorney's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 

right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
Signed to day of -, A. D. 18 — . 



[Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.] 



SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 

county of and State of , part of the first part, and of the 

county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 

said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, 

paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
acknowledged, have granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 
sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 



296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
of and State of , described as follows, to-wit : 

[Here insert description.) 

The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly 
hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
convey all rights of homestead therein. 

This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
ditions, to-wit : 

First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 

Secoyid. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
rate often per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 

Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and 
if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, 
per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 

money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes 

due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
money, interest and costs. 

Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either 
principal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security 
therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 

by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 

being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



FORM OF LEASE. 



This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 

A. D. 187-, by and betAveen , of the county of , and 



State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of 

and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 297 

part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 

premises, to wit : 

[Here insert description.'] 

for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187-, a^ 

the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 

[^Here insert Terms.] 

And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 

And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 

second part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force 

and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 

that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 

whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the 

same to be used, for any unlawful business or purpose whatever ; that will 

not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 

of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 

the election of the party of the first part ; and that will use all due care 

and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; 

that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 

are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 

the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 

at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 

covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 

and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 

In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
first above written. 

In presence of 



FORM OF NOTE. 

, 18-. 



On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 

pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, 

at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 

shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 

within ■ days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 

due at once. 



298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and 

State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of 

County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 

following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 

county and State of , to wit : 

[Ilere insert Description.^ 

And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 

any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor sliall pay to said 
grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for 

the sum of dollars, 

One note for | , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part 
or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 

including $ Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said 

notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 

Signed the day of , 18 — . . 

[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . 



WARRANTY DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 

State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 

of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 

the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 

situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 

l_lTere insert description."] 

And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 

simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good 
right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against 
the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- 
linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
premises. 

Signed the day of , A. D. 18 — . 

in presence of 



[Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 



QUIT-CLAIM DEED. 



Knoav all Men by these Presents: That , of County, 

State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 

paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 

hereby acknowledge, have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 

do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 

forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 
in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the 
hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 

Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . 

Signed in Presence of 



[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 



BOND FOR DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents: That of County, 

and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 

State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be paid to the said , his 

executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself 
firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 

The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 
sum of Dollars, 

One note for $ , due , 18 ^-, with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
lows, to wit : [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 

If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice 
to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- 
sion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this 
agreement. 

On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
otherwise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by the obligor 
as above stipulated. 

[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



300 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 

Any three or more persons of full age, citizens of the United States, 
a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate 
themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- 
poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take 
the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the office of 
the Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- 
ducted, a certificate in writing, in Avhich shall be stated the name or title by 
which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such 
society, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and 
the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first 
year of its existence. 

Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall 
have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- 
ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name 
stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may 
have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may 
have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and 
they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, 
receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by- 
laws for the management of its affairs, not inconsistent with law. 

The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members 
its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner 
as may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management 
of the affairs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum 
for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among 
such Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, 
such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laws 
of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or 
Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- 
sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or 
may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con- 
ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established 
agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and 
appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint- 
ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, 
Directors or Managers ; and when any such institution may be under the 
patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- 
ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally 
nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers 
as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any 
vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the 
synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. 

In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made 
on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be 
dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such 
by-laws. 

Any corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hold- 
ing or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any 
last will or testament of any person whatsoever ; but no person leaving a wife, 



, ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 301 

child or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more 
than one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or 
bequest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth. 

Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships 
of which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any 
synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and 
one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of 
officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such 
place therein as the said synod, conference or council shall hold its annual meet- 
ings ; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and 
binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in 
this State. 

The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association 
or individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify 
a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society 
in the county. 

The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- 
itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the 
requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- 
tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such 
existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated 
or continued. 



INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 

No intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine 
manufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be 
manufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental 
purposes ; and even such sale is limited as follows : 

Any citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating 
houses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, within 
the county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes 
only, provided he shall obtain the consent of the Board of Supervisors. In 
order to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec- 
tors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of 
good moral character, and a proper person to sell such liquors. 

If the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he 
must give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty- 
three per cent, on the cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell, 
shall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the 
Auditor of the county, showing the kind and quantity of the liquors purchased 
by hira since the date of his last report, the price paid, and the amount of 
freights paid on the same ; also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him 
since the date of his last report ; to whom sold ; for what purpose and at what 
price; also the kind and quantity of liquors on hand; which report shall be 
sworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor, 
subject at all times to the inspection of the public. 

No person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or 
beer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of 
parent, guardian or family physician ; or sell the same to an intoxicated person 
or a person in the habit of becoming intoxicated. 



302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Any person who shall mix any intoxicating liquor with any beer, Avine or 
cider, by him sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a beverage, such mixture, 
shall be punished as for sale of mtoxicating liquor. 

But nothing in the chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro- 
hibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors, shall be construed to forbid the sale by 
the importer then of of f )rcigu intoxicating liquor, imported under the author- 
ity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such li(|uor3, 
and in accordance with such laws ; provided that such liquor, at the time of the 
sale by the importer, remains in the original casks or packages in which it was 
by him imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the 
laws of the United States require such liquors to be imported, and is sold by 
him in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only. 

All payment or compensation for intoxicating liquor sold in violation of the 
laws of this State, whether such payments or compensation be in money, goods, 
hinds, labor, or anything else whatsoever, shall be held to have been received in viola- 
tion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a 
valid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt 
thereof, to pay on demand, to the person furnishing such consideration, the 
amount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things. 

All sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgages, liens, attachments, pledges and 
securities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made 
on account of intoxicating liquors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and 
void. 

Negotiable paper in the hands of holders thereof, in good faith, for valuable 
consideration, without notice of any illegality in its inception or transfer, how- 
ever, shall not be affected by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of 
land or other property who may have taken the same in good faith, Avithout 
notice of any defect in the title of the person from Avhom the same was 
taken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the above 
provision. 

Every wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, who shall be 
injured in person or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or 
in conse(pience of the intoxication, has a right of acticm against any person who 
shall, by selling intoxicating liquors, cause the intoxication of such person, for 
all damages actually sustained as well as excmplai-y damages. 

For any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home- 
stead, as now provided) of the person against whom the damages are recovered, 
as well as the premises or property, personal or real, occupied and used by him, 
Avith consent and knoAvledge of OAvner, either for manufacturing or selling intox- 
icating ]i(pu)rs contrary to law, shall be liable. 

The oidy other exemption, besides the homestead, from this SAveeping liability, 
is that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six 
months, to be determined by tlie ToAvnship Trustee. 

No ale, Avine, beer or otlier malt or vinous li(|Uors shall be sold within tAvo 
miles of the corporate limits of any munici])al corporatiim, except at Avholesale, 
for the purpose of shipment to places outside of such corporation and such tAvo- 
mile limits. The poAver of the corporation to prohibit or license sale of liquors 
not prohibited by law is extended over the tAvo miles. 

No ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous licpiors shall be sold on the day 
on which any election is held under the laAvs of this State, within tAvo miles of 
tlie place where said election is held; except only that any person holding a 
permit may sell upon the prescription of a practicing physician. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303 



SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP- 
TION. . 

The business of publishing hooks hy subscription, having so often been 
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement, is 
made : 

A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described; the consid- 
eration is concurrent that tiie publisher shall publish the book named, and 
deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. Tlie 
nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample 
shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are 
the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too often exag- 
gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, 
for which he is usually paid a commission for each subscriber, and has no 
authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the princi- 
pal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
in. connectio7i with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
same. 

All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
other business, should remember that the law as written is, that they can not be 
altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. 
It is therefore important that all 2)ersons contemjylating subsoibing should 
distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is 7nade, is not 
admissible as evidence, and is no p>art of the contract. 

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a jjrescribed 
mode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
their principal for the pjaymejit of expenses incurred in their business. 

It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, 
would examine carefully ivhat it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
some one disinterested who can. 







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PUBLISHER Sr PROPRIETOR OF THE WATERLOO COURIER 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



rf'^HE Indian title to the territory in Iowa west of the Black Hawk Purchase 
-*- and south of the neutral ground at Winnebago Reserve was not extin- 
guished until 1837, and the beautiful valley of the Red Cedar, a portion of which 
is now embraced in the limits of Black Hawk County, was the favorite hunting 
ground of the Sacs and Foxes. Nor did they relinquish it entirely when they 
ceded " the Beautiful Land " to the United States. For years, wandering bands 
roved through this region, and were occasionally very troublesome to the few- 
white settlers who ventured to establish homes in the smiling wilderness. 

BOUNDARIES AND CIVIL DIVISIONS. 

Black Hawk County was created and its boundaries defined by act of the 
Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 17, 1843, and attached to 
Delaware County for judicial and revenue purposes. 

Black Hawk County contains sixteen Congressional townships, viz. : Town- 
ships Nos. 87, 88, 89 and 90 north of Ranges 11, 12, 13 and 14 west. These 
are divided into eighteen civil townships, as follows : Spring Creek, all of 
Township 87, Range 11, lying north of the Cedar River; Fox, Township 88, 
Range 11 ; Barclay, Township 89, Range 11 ; Lester, Township 90, Range 11 ; 
Bennington, Township 90, Range 12; Poyner, a strip two and one-half sections 
wide on east of Township 89, Range 12, all of Township 88, Range 12, 
on east side of Cedar River, except west half of Section 4, and Sections 5 
and 6, and that part of Township 87, Range 12, lying east of the river (a town- 
ship about fifteen miles long and two and a half miles wide) ; Cedar, that part 
of Township 88, Range 12, west of Cedar River and that part of the north 
half of Township 87, Range 12, that lies west of the river ; Big Creek, south 
half of Township 87, Range 12, and that part of Township 87, Range 11, 
which lies south of the Red Cedar River ; Eagle, Township 87, Range 13 ; 
Orange, Township 88, Range 13 ; Waterloo, that part of Township 89, Range 
13, and Township 89, Range 12, south of the Red Cedar; East Waterloo, that 
part of Township 89, Range 13, north and east of the Red Cedar, except Sec- 
tions 6 and 7, that part of Township 89, Range 12, not included in Poyner east 
of the river, and Sections 6, 5 and west half of Section 4, Township 88, Bange 
12; Mount Vernon, Township 90, Range 13; Washington, east half of Town- 
ship 90, Range 14 ; Union, west half of Township 90, Range 14 ; Cedar Falls, 
Township 89, Range 14, and Sections 6 and 7, Township 89, Range 13 ; Black 
Hawk, Township 88, Range 14 : Lincoln, Township 87, Range 14. 

LOCATION. 

Black Hawk County lies chiefly in the lovely and fertile valley of the Red 
Cedar River — the garden and granary of the State — unsurpassed on the Amer- 



308 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

ican continent for beauty of scenery and fertility of soil. The general surface 
presents an undulating prairie, with an elevation slightly less than surrounding 
counties. The soil is a deep black, vegetable, sandy mold or loam, well adapt- 
ed to withstand both droughts and floods. Wheat and corn are the chief pro- 
ducts, but all grasses, grain and vegetables grown in the latitude can be raised 
to perfection here. Recently, however, the people of the county are devoting 
more attention to the dairy. 

STREAMS. 

The Red Cedar runs diagonally through the center of the county from north- 
west to southeast, a beautiful river about two hundred yards wide and an aver- 
age depth of two feet. Its waters are clear, and, in this county, flow mostly 
over a rocky, gravelly bed, having an average fall of two feet six inches. 

The Wapsipinicon flows through the township of Lester, 

Crane Creek flows through Bennington and Lester, and loses itself in the 
Wapsipinicon. 

Black Hawk Creek drains the southwest, pouring its waters into the Cedar 
just above Waterloo. 

Miller's Creek, Beaver Creek, Mud Creek, Prairie Creek and other small 
streams empty into the Cedar from the west, and Ellsworth, Elk Run, Poyner, 
Indian and Spring Creeks from the east. 

TIMBER. 

Originally, the proportion of timber was about one acre to fourteen acres of 
prairie. Nearly all of that standing when the county was first settled has been cut 
off, but much of the land it covered has come up with second growth and many 
groves have been planted by the settlers, so that the supply has increased rather 
than diminished. 

It is said that the banks of the river Avere formerly covered in many places with 
groves of red cedar trees, from which fact the rivei' took its liame. A large 
portion of this valuable timber, however, was cut and rafted to St. Louis, before 
the advance guard of civilization began to settle in this beautiful valley, by 
bands of adventurers, some of whom continued their depredations after the 
removal of the Indians and after the white settlers began to occupy their hunt- 
ing grounds. One of these was Charles Dyer, who had a peculiarly formed 
hump-back, looking, as some of the early settlers described him, "as if he had 
shouldered himself." Dyer continued his work of plunder to such an extent that 
the white settlers determined to drive him from the county. They assembled, 
and visited his shanty in a body to deal with him in accordance with pioneer 
custom ; but the gentleman whom they desired to see was n(;t at home. After 
due deliberation — as they knew that Dyer could not read a note of warning if 
they left one for him — they stripped the bark from a large tree in front of his 
rude cabin, and, with a bit of charcoal, one of their number sketched upon the 
naked trunk a picture of the hump-back, which they riddled with bullets. The 
likeness was unmistakable, and it is said Dyer understood it, as he quietly dis- 
appeared. It is not known when the event occurred or where Dyer's cabin was 
located. 

THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATION 

of the Red Cedar Valley is full of interest to the careful student of natural his- 
tory. Most of the county is underlaid with Devonian rock, generally of the 
Hamilton group, although the Chemung appears in the western part. Much of 
the rock is magnesian limestone, suitable for building pui'poses, while in other 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 309 

localities it is entirely unfit for use. Fossils are numerous, and everywhere the 
limestone rock abounds with corals, sea-weeds, shells, spines, teeth, etc., of 
ganoid fishes, as well as teeth of those reptiles and fishes that abounded during 
the old red sandstone era. 

There are also evidences of vegetable life prior to the deposits constituting 
the present prairie. Ancient soil and timber are found in digging wells, gen- 
erally twenty-five to thirty feet below the present surface. 

Beautiful specimens of spar are frequently found, and agates and cornelians 
are occasionally picked up along the river banks. 

Boulders of granite, schist, quartz and greenstone scattered over the prairie 
are evidences that this was a part of the great drift region. Much of the lime- 
stone, when burned, makes excellent lime, while good brick-clay and sand are 
abundant and well distributed throughout the county. 

The climate is remarkably salubrious. Malarious diseases are rare. Win- 
ters are cold and long, but the cold is steady and the air pure and invigorating. 

The county is peculiarly adapted to grazing — the long Winter being the 
only drawback. 

EARLY SETTLEMENT. 

The first "pale-face" to enter the domain of the Sacs and Foxes, in that 
portion of the valley of the Cedar now embraced within the limits of Black 
Hawk County, was, so far as is now known, G. Paul Somaneux, a Frenchman, 
who located at the Falls of the Cedar in the Spring or early Summer of 1837, 
and commenced trafficking with the natives. For some reason, probably not 
caring to spend the Winter alone, surrounded by "no gentler" neighbors than 
Indians, he left his encampment in the Fall of that same year. Although his 
first stay was so brief, Somaneux must probably be considered the pioneer set- 
tler of Black Hawk County, for he returned ten years after his first visit or 
stay, and in the Winter of 1847-48, in company with A. J. Taylor, trapped 
above Sturgis' Falls. During the following Summer of 1848, Somaneux 
worked for Overman & Co. In the Fall of that year, he trapped along the 
Shell Rock, and early in the Winter of 1848-49, made a claim and built a cabin 
where the village of Cedar City now stands. He is said to have been a very 
devout Catholic, having been reared by a Catholic priest at Detroit, Mich., and 
very rarely uttered a profane word. He died at his cabin in the Fall of 1850, 
and was buried on the bank of the slough, near by. Leaving no known heirs, 
his estate was administered by John T. Barrick. 

ROBERT STUART. 

Somaneux was not the only white man who came to the Cedar Valley in 
1837. Robert Stuart, an elderly man, said to have been a surveyor, spent the 
Summer of 1837 in the vicinity of the Falls, engaged in trading with the 
Indians. Stuart's testimony remains, that the Summer of 1837 was extremely 
wet. The river, according to his statement, having risen to higher water 
than it has ever reached since that time. 

In 1855, Stuart was at Cedar Falls ; while there an evangelist visited the 
place and held meetings in the school house every evening during the week, 
and announced three discourses on the Sabbath. He drew large audiences, and 
it was understood that a collection was to be taken up in his behalf, on Sunday 
afternoon. The house was crowded as usual ; Bob Stuart, the pioneer of 1837, 
was among the audience ; the sermon was long and Stuart got tired. He was 
near the door and determined to leave ; he rose to his feet and deliberately 



310 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

marched up the aisle toward the preacher. Every eye was upon him, for he 
was over six feet high, gaunt, stoop-shouldered, grizzly, and dressed as a fron- 
tiersman ; he halted at the desk, thrust his bony hand deep into his trousers, 
fished up a ten-cent piece, which he turned over on the open Bible with a mus- 
cular slap, and exclaimed, "Here's my sheer! " turned on his heel and passed 
out of the door, leaving both preacher and congregation paralyzed with aston- 
ishment. 

A man named Osborn, Avho afterward settled in the southern part of Cedar 
County, hunted at the forks of the Cedar prior to 1845, but in what year is not 
now known. 

From 1837 to 1844, a period of seven years, there are no traces of white 
occupation of any portion of the territory of this county. It does not seem 
probable, however, that this beautiful valley could have been so long overlooked 
bv the roving frontier traders and trappers known to have had their tramping 
grounds in this region. Although the Sacs and Foxes had ceded this region to 
the United States in 1837, so that south of the neutral line it was open to white 
occupation, they had not left their old hunting grounds. The south line of the 
neutral ground, starting from a point on the left bank of the Des Moines River, 
37 miles 70.50 chains below the second or upper fork of the same, and run- 
ning a course north 70 deg. 15 min. east, passed very near the forks of the 
Cedar, and very near the northwest corner of the county of Black Hawk, as 
subsequently laid out. 

This line was surveyed by James Craig, under instructions from the Super- 
intendent of Indian Affairs, April 9, 1833. North of this line, from 1833 to 
1848, the Winnebago Indians had their Reserve, a strip forty miles wide, from 
the Des Moines River to the Mississippi. Alon^ this line Indian traders 
and an occasional settler located. In 1840, Franklin Wilcox, with his family 
and his brother Nathaniel, settled just south of the line surveyed by Craig, in 
Fayette County ; and a few miles east on the Volga, in 1841, George Culver 
built a log trading-post that is still standing. 

With these facts in view, and with the knowledge that white men lived on 
the bank of the Cedar in 1837, it is difficult to believe that from that date 
to 1844, this lovely valley was untrodden by any save Indian feet. It seems 
almost certain that other traders lived in succeeding Summers where Somaneux 
and Stuart tarried in 1837 ; but there are no evidences remaining to verify this 
belief. 

In the Spring of 1844, however, William Chambers, a genuine specimen of 
the Western frontiersman, from Louisa County, established himself at the Falls of 
the Cedar, built a cabin, and engaged in trading with the Indians. The cabin 
which he occupied (whether he or some previous trader built it, is not so clear), 
stood on the south bank of the Cedar at the head of the Falls. The south end 
of the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad bridge at Cedar Falls is very near the spot where 
Chambers lived, "monarch of all he surveyed," in the Summer of 1844. It is 
not known whether Chambers made any "claim," as understood by Western 
pioneers. If he did, he abandoned it in the Fall, when he is said to have re- 
turned to his home in Louisa County, and never returned to make any perma- 
nent settlement. 

, FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT. 

The next visitors at this point were destined to make a more permanent loca- 
tion. In March, 1845, William Sturgis, a farmer from Michigan, and his wife, 
and Erasmus D. Adams, a cabinet maker from Ohio, then living in Johnson 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 311 

County, made a trip up the valley of the Red Cedar, in search of homes and a 
desirable water-power. Ai-rived at the point where Chambers had lived the 
previous year, they were charmed by the romantic beauty of the spot, and, with 
an eye to business, appreciating its adaptability for a town site in the future, 
they determined to remain and make claims. Mr. Sturgis claimed the nortli 
part of the present town of Cedar Falls, including the mill site, and Adams 
selected his claim farther south, near what is now called Dry Run. 

Sturgis built a double log cabin on the bank of the river, and broke five 
acres of prairie. Adams built a cabin on his claim, about two miles from Mr. 
Hanna's, and also broke about five acres. This breaking by Sturgis and Adams 
was the first breaking done in Black Hawk County. "'Adams soon returned 
to Iowa City," says George W^Hanaa^r the only settler of 1845 now living in 
the county. " Sturgis had some hands, and commenced getting out timber for 
a mill, but his family got sick, and he and his family went back to Iowa City 
again, leaving a Dutchman to work his claim, and not intending to return until 
other settlers came in. The man he left had a claim where Hon. Jeremiah 
Gay now lives (on Miller's Creek), and the creek took its name from him." To 
Mrs. Sturgis must be accorded the credit of being the pioneer white woman of 
Black Hawk County. " In the Fall," says Mr. Ha ima, "• Sturgis and his wife, 
and Adams, and his wife and his little boy John, came back and occupied the 
cabins they had built in the Spring previous." 

The Chambers' cabin was yet standing as he had left it, but soon after 
Sturgis and Adams moved to their claims in the Fall, it singularly enough 
tumbled into the river. By what mysterious agency this result was produced 
is not known, but it is said that Sturgis had a theory upon which the phenome- 
non was to be explained; but he never, so far as is known, made the 
explanation. 

When the mill was built and the town of Cedar Falls was laid out, Sturgis' 
cabin proved to be near the upper end of the race, at the foot of Washington 
street, where it remained until, a few years ago, it was removed to give place to 
a more permanent and graceful building. 

In May or June, 1846, John Hamilton and his sons, also from Johnson 
County, arrived and made claims near Sturgis and Adams. They brought a 
team and breaking-plow with them, and broke some prairie. The Hamiltons 
did not remain long. Becoming dissatisfied, they abandoned their claims, 
returned to Johnson County, and left Sturgis and Adams the only white men in 
the county, whose nearest white neighbors were at Quasqueton, Buchanan 
County, and Fremont (Vinton), Benton County. 

They, too, had gone when, on the 18th day of July, 1845, George W. 
Hanna, with his wife and two children and his wife's brother, John Melrose, 
arrived and located on Section 20, Town 89, Range 13, about half-way between 
Sturgis' Falls and Prairie' Rapids. If Mrs. Sturgis is fairly entitled to the 
honor of being the first white woman in the county, Mrs. Hanna has the honor 
of being the first to permanently settle here. 

In the Fall, about the time Sturgis and Adams moved in, \Yilliam Virden 
and his family, consisting of his wife and little daughter, settled about half a 
mile southeast of Hanna's cabin, on what in 1878 is known as the " Glover 
Farm." The four families of Hanna, Sturgis, Adams and Virden, numbering 
thirteen souls, comprised the entire permanent population of Black Hawk 
County in the Winter of 1845-6. Mr. Sturgis made some progress with his 
dam across the Cedar at the head of the Falls during the Fall, but owing to 
the difiiculty in obtaining " hands," the Avork progressed very slowly. 



312 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Capt. Boone, of Missouri, visited Iowa in the Summer of 1836, and in the 
Fall of that year gave James Newell, then living in the vicinity of Muscatine, 
a glowing description of the region about the three forks of the Cedar, through 
which he had passed some years before in command of a squad of eleven soldiers, 
marching from Council Bluffs to Prairie du Chien. So much pleased had Boone 
been with the beauty of the surroundings that he halted his party there for 
four days, and spent the time in hunting and fishing. 

In the Spring of 1845, James Newell and Harris Wilson started out from 
the vicinity of Muscatine to visit the country along the upper part of Cedar 
River. At Marion, they were informed that the last settler northward lived 
seventeen miles out, and that after they passed that lonely cabin they must 
keep a sharp look-out, for the Fall before the Indians had robbed two brothers 
named Ward who had been trapping along the Cedar. The two explorers met 
James Chambers as they proceeded northwestward, who told them it was a fine 
country along the Cedar, but that no white man could live there in safety, 
because it was neutral ground for the Sacs, Foxes, Winnebagoes and Sioux, 
The first night in Black Hawk County, the two men camped near where Gil- 
bertsville was afterward laid out. Near where Waterloo now stands, they 
crossed an Indian trail leading from Fort Atkinson to Indiantown, on the Iowa 
River, which crossed the Cedar at the rapids above. The men left the ford to the 
left, and came to the Cedar again near where Janesville now stands, where they 
crossed and explored the country between the Cedar and the Shellrock. While 
camping in the vicinity, a heavy rain occurred. They forded the Shellrock with 
great difficulty, and in crossing the Cedar the water filled their Avagon-box. 
Wilson was hardly satisfied with the forks of the Cedar, but Newell had made 
up his mind to settle there. Returning, Wilson was better pleased with the 
land north of the Rapids, where Sturgis had just made his claim, but objected 
to the whole country as being too far from Muscatine. 

The two travelers decided they must visit Sturgis, and on the way Newell 
picked up a piece of coal, which Wilson suggested had been carried thither 
by ice. 

Arriving opposite Sturgis Rapids, they found a small canoe at the eddy 
below, into which they got, Newell rowing. When they reached the main cur- 
rent, Wilson became frightened and stretched himself in the bottom of the boat, 
whimpering, praying and begging Newell to set him on shore. When they 
reached the south bank, Wilson sprang out and remarked that he'd "be d — d 
if Newell would get him in that boat again." They did not find Sturgis, and 
had nothing to do but to return to camp. That evening, Wilson visited the bank 
of the second bottom, and found flood-wood about seven feet higher than their 
camping ground, which convinced him he did not want to settle there. 

The following Fall, 1845, Newell returned to the forks of the Cedar, called 
" Turkey Foot Forks " by the Indians, accompanied by his brother Robert, 
Walter Fillman and Joseph Brown, but was much incommoded on the way by 
an attack of ague. His companions built him a cabin, and, not fancying the 
region, they soon returned down the river, Newell going back with them, fully 
determined to return to his claim as soon as possible. 

TRESPASSIN(4 ON THE PUBLIC LANDS. 

In January, 1846, James Newell and Hugh Rawdon started up the Cedar, 
with the intention of cutting cedar logs and rafting them down. They engaged 
Charles Hinkley, of Benton County, to go with them as guide. They found 
the Dickersons cutting logs near the mouth of Big Creek. The Dickersons 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 313 

informed them that " Cedar " Johnson had begun cutting eight miles above Big 
Creek in 1844, 

They found Johnson's cabin and moved in without ceremony, sending 
Rawdon back for grain for the teams. 

Johnson heard that his cabin was occupied, and sent word up the river for 
the party to vacate, or to " prepare their wooden jackets," for he intended to 
shoot them at sight. But the little party kept at work till they had cut and 
hauled logs enough for a raft eighty-four yards long. About this time they 
were visited by John Sturgis, who stayed one night with them. When Newell 
was about ready to start, Johnson came up in a wagon, with two hands. His 
desire for human blood was not so great as when he was at Cedar Rapids. 
Johnson went into the grove, saw that it was badly slashed, and returned to the 
cabin, where, after being invited in by Newell, he expostulated mildly about 
Newell's occupying his cabin, and gave Newell to understand that he intended 
to sue him for the value of the logs. Newell remarks concerning this, " that it 
would be a d — d pretty case — two thieves going to law about property they were 
stealing from the Government." 

The latter part of March came, and the water being too low for rafting, 
Newell started for home in a canoe down the Cedar, sold his place and made 
his preparations to move to Black Hawk County. He reached his cabin May 
19, 1846. He mentions that his wagon broke down at Poyner Creek, and that 
Clark and Giles, of Quasqueton, passed by without offering to help him. He 
had sold his share of the raft, and was enabled to go to farming in earnest as 
soon as he reached his claim. In spite of the crows, he raised 500 bushels of 
corn, one hundred of which he sold to the Indians at a dollar a bushel. 

Wolves were very numerous around Newell's cabin in the Fall of 1846, 
killing off all his chickens but one rooster, whose gills turned white with fear. 
To save his life, they had to take him in the cabin of nights. 

In January or February, 1847, James Chambers made Newell a visit. He 
was going northward with a load of pork, driving up the river on the ice. 

June 1, 1846, James Virden came to visit his brother William and see the 
country, and was so well pleased that he made a claim and broke some prairie 
on the east side of the Cedar, at Prairie Rapids, on Section 23, Township 89, 
Range 13, just above the original town plat of Waterloo, but he did not build 
a cabin until the Fall of the next year. June 24, Charles Mullan and family, 
wife and two children (Mrs. Mullan was a sister of James and William Virden), 
located on the west side of the river, opposite Prairie Rapids, and built a log 
cabin on the northwest quarter of "Section 26, Township 89, Range 13. The 
first actual settler near the future city, Andrew Jackson Taylor, and his family, 
settled at Sturgis Falls about the same time. E. G. Young settled at Turkey 
Foot Forks, near Newell's, in the Fall of 1846, and two Williams families settled 
in the vicinity. Mr. Sturgis continued work on his dam during this year, but 
did not succeed in completing it. 

THE FIRST SCHOOL 

on the territory of the future county of Black Hawk was "kept" at Sturgis 
Falls, during the Summer of 1846, by Mrs. A. J. Taylor, with six scholars, who 
doubtless acquired the rudiments of knowledge under Mrs. Taylor's tuition just 
as readily and thoroughly as the pupils of a generation later with infinitely bet- 
ter advantages have done. 

The first election occurred in August, 1846 (see "First Election" on suc- 
ceeding pages). 



314 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

It is said that when the Winter of 1846-7 set in, there were ten white 
families in the entire area of Bhick Hawk County, now so densely populated. 

Berry Way and another young man, well-known thieves from the 
Lower Cedar, made a trip through Black Hawk County in March, 1846, stop- 
ping at Newell's logging camp over night. The next morning, they proceeded 
up the Cedar, spent the night with "Big Wave," a Winnebago Chief, and to 
requite that chief's hospitality, stole two valuable horses from him before day- 
light next morning. About twenty of Big Wave's band pursued them, and 
found them at a singing school near Center Point. They threatened to shoot 
the trio, but the settlers interfered and persuaded the Indians it would be best 
to place the thieves under arrest and let the law take its course. The scoun- 
drels were accordingly confined in jail at Marion, but soon after escaped. 

In December, 1846, Winnesheik, the head chief of the Winnebagoes, paid 
Newell a visit, accompanied by Big Wave and 250 men and women. The 
Indians camped for the Winter in the grove near Newell's. In February, 1847, 
a band of Pottawatomies, 250 in number, came and camped on the Cedar also, 
soon after which, both bands celebrated their meeting with a feast and 
dance. In the Spring, the Indians broke camp to make sugar, the Winneba- 
goes going up the Shell Rock, and the Pottawatomies coming down the Cedar 
toward Sturgis Rapids. 

INDIAN RAID. 

It is said that during the first year of the settlement, probably in 1846, the 
Sioux made a raid down the Cedar, and surprised and killed nine Winneba- 
goes near Newell's Ford, on Turkey Foot Forks. The next year, the Winne- 
bagoes surprised a camp of Sioux about twenty-five miles above, while the 
braves were absent hunting, and killed twenty-seven squaws and papooses. Mr. 
James Virden, however, thinks that originally the twenty-seven squaws and 
papooses were a Sioux brave and a boy, only two, increased to twenty-seven by 
the lapse of years. 

In Febuary, 1847, the Overmans and John T. Barrich came to Sturgis 
Falls. Sturgis was trying to build a dam and mill, but his resources were very 
limited, and he finally concluded to sell, and during the next Fall did sell, to 
John W. Overman, D. C. Overman and Barrick, his claim of 280 acres of land, 
including the mill site and improvements, for $2,200, Barrick borrowing |500 
of James Newell to make part payment for his share of the purchase. The 
new firm pushed the work with such energy that early in 1848 they had the 
saw-mill — the first in the county — in operation, and in 1850, in a shed addition 
to the saw-mill, the company put in one run of stones cut from a granite bowl- 
der in the vicinity. This was the first grist-mill in the county, and was of 
great service to the settlers who patronized it for a hundred miles north and west. 

couldn't scare him. 

About 1847, Moses Bates, from Western Indiana, located on Section 14, 
Township 87, Range 11 (Spring Creek Township), on the bank of Spring 
Creek. Bates appears to have been connected Avith the gang of prairie bandits, 
and was a " hard case." On one occasion he went to the cabin of Henry Gray, 
who had settled near him. Abruptly entering his neighbor's house, he roughly 
inquired of Gray if he knew who his visitor was. Gray said he had that honor, 
whereupon Bates, who was armed with a rifle, tomahawk, three revolvers and a 
bowie-knife, informed his quiet neighbor that he might have just three days to 
pack up his "traps" and leave the county. <jray, however, did not belong to a 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 315 

timid family ; he didn't " scare" worth a cent. His trusty rifle was hanging just 
over his head. He coolly took it down, " drew a bead " on his surly neighbor and 

exclaimed, "D n you. Bates, I'll give you just three minutes to get out 

from here. Git ! " It is needless to add that before the three minutes had ex- 
pired, Bates had placed himself at a safe distance from Gray's rifle. 

On another occasion a German from Allamakee County, in search of some 
horses that had been stolen, found them in Bates" possession. There were other 
evidences of Bates' propensity to appropriate to his own use the property of 
others, without rendering compensation, and about a dozen stalwart settlers 
gathered, took the off'ender into the woods, stripped him and -tied him securely 
to a tree. The men then prudently formed a ring with their backs to the cen- 
ter Avhile the irate owner of the stolen horses applied a liberal dose of hickory 
to his bare back. Bates afterward had his castigator arrested, but as there 
were no witnesses who had seen him chastised, he was unable to maintain his 
accusation. Bates sold out to John Clark in 1852, and removed to Boone 
County, where he died. 

Soon after Bates, Peyton Culver and John Robinson settled near him on 
the southwest quarter of Section 14, and commenced building a saw-mill on 
Spring Creek, but abandoned the project, and after remaining a year or two 
removed to Marysville. 

The years 1848 and 1849 were uneventful, and the population of the 
county did not increase very rapidly. Among those who sought homes in 
Black Hawk during these two years were William Pennell, H. H. Meredith, J. 
L. Kirkpatrick, Geo. Philpot, Jonathan R. Pratt, Edwin Brown and Samuel 
Newell. 

A VENGEFUL SAVAGE. 

In the Spring of 1848, after the Indians had been collected at Fort Atkin- 
son prior to their removal to Minnesota, one of them, "Very Good" Johnson, 
returned to Turkey Foot Forks, and falling in with Paul Somaneux, got drunk 
and quareled Avith him. Somaneux gave him more whisky and paddled up the 
river to his camp. Johnson went to Newell's house, breathing vengeance 
toward Somaneux. He then started oif, and meeting George Newell in the 
river bottom, after threatening Somaneux, fired at George, one of the buck-shot 
grazing his skull. George ran to the house, and had just got a satisfactory 
bead on Mr. Johnson, when Mrs. Newell caught hold of the gun and drew him 
in the house. His brother Thomas coming along just then, saw Johnson in the 
act of leveling his gun on George again. Thomas snatched the piece from the 
Indian, and took it into the house, Johnson following. There Thomas took 
the drunken vagabond in hand and inflicted a punishment that left him with a 
couple of fractured ribs, Avhich made him roar for mercy. The impudence of 
Johnson was sublime. On his way to his camping place up the river he met 
James Newell, who, being struck with the scamp's woe-begone appearance, 
asked him what was the matter. Johnson's only answer was a grunt. Noti- 
cing that the scamp had his blanket wrapped around his noble form although the 
weather was hot, Newell snatched it ofi", when it was very evident what ailed 
the vagabond. The Indian, in reply to Newell's questioning look, merely said, 
" Two ribs — Thomas no good," and made off". Had Newell known of the aff'ray 
it is probable the Indian would have had more bones broken. 

" BLACK HAWK STORE." 

During the Summer of 1850, Andrew Mullarky removed from Independ- 
ence to Sturgis' Falls, brought a small stock of goods and opened a store. He 



316 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

occupied a small building on the north side of First street, which served for 
both store and residence. This was soon named the "Black Hawk Store," the 
first in the county, and, like the mill, drew custom for a hundred miles north 
and west. 

POPULATION IN 1850. 

In 1850, according to the United States census of that year, there were 26 
families in the county, with a total population of 135 persons ; 75 males and 60 
females. The whole number of children attending school was four, and there were 
two births and two deaths during that year. There were 389 acres of improved 
land; farming implements valued at $655; 15 horses, 39 cows, 28 oxen, 41 
head of other cattle, 40 sheep and 183 hogs. The entire productions of the 
<3ounty in that year were 160 bushels of wheat, 2,150 bushels of corn, 100 
bushels of oats, 75 bushels buckwheat, 120 pounds of wool, 3,364 pounds of 
maple sugar, and 615 pounds of honev. In 1852 the population had increased 
to 315. 

FIRST BIRTHS, WEDDINGS AND DEATHS. 

The first white child born in the county was Jennette, daughter of William 
Sturgis, born Oct. 1, 1846. The first white male child was Henry F. Adams 
son of E. D. Adams, who was born three days after Jennette Sturgis. The 
third birth Avas Emily Hanna, March 7, 1847. 

The first wedding, so far as can now be ascertained, was that of James Yir- 
den and Charlotte Pratt, at the house of Jonathan R. Pratt at Cedar City. The 
license Avas obtained from the County Judge of Buchanan County, Feb. 25, 
1851, and the wedding took place on the 27th, George W. Hanna, Justice of 
the Peace, ofiiciating. The records of Buchanan County show the following 
marriages under that jurisdiction, viz.: David S. Pratt and Miss Jane Sturgis, 
license issued Sept. 16, married by Edwin Brown, Justice of the Peace, Sep- 
tember 21, 1851 ; James S. Hampton and Mary Ann Payne, license dated 
June 22, married June 27, 1852, by George W. Hanna, Justice of the Peace; 
Marquis L. Knapp and Mary Streeter, licensed Sept. 3, married Sept. 5, 1852, 
by G. W. Hanna, Justice of the Peace; James Keeler, Jr. and Cornelia 
Streeter, married Sept. 21, 1852, by James Keeler, Justice of the Peace; 
Adam Shigley and Aurelia S. HarAvood, license issued June 13, 1853, married 
June 14, by Benoni Harris, local preacher. 

The first marriage of any resident of Black HaAvk, hoAvever, was that of 
James Newell. His wife died June 2, 1847, and his family, one an infant 
born May 21, 1847, needed the care of a mother; accordingly he found Mrs. 
HoAvard in Cedar County, and married her there, Nov. 7, 1847. 

The first death Avas James Monroe Hanna, infant son of George W. and 
Mary Hanna, Avho died Oct. 18, 1845. The second Avas Mrs. James NcAvell, 
June 2, 1847. The third death, so far as is known, Avas that of Mary Yirden, 
2 years old, daughter of William Virden, whose clothes took fire accidentally, 
and she Avas so badly burned that she died soon after, in 1848. 

In 1847, Rev. Mr. Collins, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
visited the region and held religious services in Mr. Mullan's cabin at " Prairie 
Rapids" and at other places in the county where there were any settlers to 
listen to him. Rev. Mr. Johnson, also a Methodist, preached to the pioneers 
of Black HaAvk a little later in the same year. 

It is perhaps a little singular that no post office Avas established in Black 
Hawk County until Jan. 3, 1850, when Dempsey C. Overman was appointed 
Postmaster at Cedar Falls. The arrival of the first mail Avas quite an event, 



I 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 317 

but for some time the mails were so small that the Postmaster used to carry the 
letters in his hat, delivering them as he happened to meet the persons addressed. 
It IS not known that there were any other carrier deliveries in the State at that 
time, and Mr. Overman may be called the Pioneer Letter Carrier of Iowa. 
The mails were carried on horseback by Thomas W. Case, and the receipts of 
the first quarter were |2.50. It was nearly two years after the establishment 
of the first post office at Cedar Rapids before the second one was established at 
Waterloo. In the Summer or Fall of 1851, Charles Mullan circulated a peti- 
tion for a post office at Prairie Rapids, or "Prairie Rapids Crossing," as the 
little hamlet was then called, and asking for the appointment of Charles Mullan 
as Postmaster. The petition had seven signatures. The petitioners had not 
agreed upon a name for the post office, but left the selection to Mr. Mullan, who, 
when he took the petition to Cedar Falls to be indorsed by the postmaster there, 
looked through the list of post offices in the United States to find a name. He 
found Waterloo, was pleased with it, selected it, and in due time the necessary 
papers were received, dated December 29, 1851, The post office being named 
Waterloo, the town and township were designated by the same name. 

In 1851, Mr. John T. Barrick had disposed of his interest in the mill 
property to the Overmans, Edwin Brown and Dr. H. H. Meredith. This 
change brought into the combination considerable capital, which was at once 
applied to developing the water-power. The race was increased in width and 
depth, and the brush dam was replaced with one of logs and plank, and soon 
after a three-story fiouring mill was erected. But this was not all. 

A town plat was surveyed, and the little settlement for the first time received 
the name of Cedar Falls. The plat was not recorded, however, and two years 
later the town was again surveyed and recorded as Independence. John R. 
Cameron purchased the first lot, on the southeast corner of Main and Second 
streets, on which he erected a frame building for a store, which is still standing. 
The first frame dwelling was that of Samuel Wick, on First street, near Main. 
At the time the plat was made, there were nine log cabins and forty inhabitants 
in the new town of Cedar Falls. 

The first lawyer to settle in the county was Samuel Wick. He settled at 
Cedar Falls, and was there in 1850. The first lawyer at Waterloo was John 
Randall. 

When Black Hawk County was created, in 1843, it was attached to Dela- 
ware County; but in 1845 it was attached to Benton County, and in 1846. 
states Geo. W. Hanna, Esq., under Benton jurisdiction, an election was held 
at the house of E. D. Adams, near the Falls. At this election, Geo. W. Hanna, 
E. D. Adams and John Melrose were the judges, and William Sturgis and a 
man from Benton County, whose name isK'forgotten, were the clerks. George 
W. Hanna, E. D. Adams and John Melrose were elected Justices of the 
Peace at this election, who held their offices for five years, as Mr. Hanna 
states that after that first election, in 1846, there was none held until 1851. 

The first action of the County Commissioners of Buchanan County, relating 

to Black Hawk, was recorded April 14, 1851, when the following entry was 

made : 

Application of Black Hawk County and Bremer County to be set oflF into separate election 
precincts allowed. Black Hawk to be one, and Bremer to be one, and election ordered on the 
28tli day of April insi., at in Black Hawk County, and at J. H. Messinger's in Bremer. 

Under this order, the second election in Black Hawk County was held at 
the house of John T. Barrick. There are no records of the meeting, but it is 
remembered that 'Squire Hanna was re-elected Justice of the Peace, and Edwin 



318 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Brown was elected Justice of the Peace, and John Melrose and Norman 
Williams, Constables. 

The first assessment rolls of Buchanan County on which the names ot 
Black Hawk settlers appear, were made in 1851, when the following citizens 
of Black Hawk were assessed, viz. : E. D. Adams, F. Davenport, D. S. Pratt, 
D. S. Pratt & Co., William Virden, Overman & Co., Brown, D. C. Over- 
man, E. Brown, J. Morgan, Mahlon Lupton, F. Hohiner, A. Mullarky, George 
Philpot, David Davis, G. W. Hanna, J. Melrose, John Virden, R. Jones, 
L. Downing, William Sturgis, Henry S. Crumrine, James Wadell, C. Mullan, 
Geo. Ellis, Hiram Hampton, James Virden, G. B. White, John Crumrine, J. 
L. Kirkpatrick, J. H. Pennell, Chas. McCaffree, Thomas Pinner, A. Nims, 
Moses Bates, 0. H. Hadon (Hayden), — Layseur, J. H. McRoberts, John 
Clark, Isaac Virden, C. H. Wilson, S. Wick, Perrin Lathrop, J. R. Pratt, 
Thomas Newell, S, S. Knapp, M. L. Knapp, C. F. Jaquith, Benj. Knapp, 
Elbridge (G.) Young, A. C. Finney, John Fairbrother, W. W. Payne, J. T. 
Barrick, S. T. Vail. 

In 1850, a man named Brown settled on Section 22, Township 87, Range 
11 (Spring Creek), and Henry Gray located in the nor1;heast part of the town- 
ship in 1851; and in 1852, Charles Sturtevant, Edmund Sawyer, Henry Gipe, 
William Gipe, Jesse Shimer and D. B. Seeter settled in the same township. 

About 1850, a supply of flour and meal became a matter of no small 
importance to the little settlement at Sturgis' Rapids (Cedar Falls). There 
was no grist-mill in the county, and very little grain raised. The Mississippi 
River was the nearest point at which supplies of that essential commodity 
could be obtained. John T. Barrick was chosen to go for such supplies, the 
country affording plenty of meat in the wild game that was here in abundance. 
He accordingly made the journey to -Muscatine, but was much delayed by high 
water, there having been a great deal of rain. He was able in about five weeks 
to return as far as Big Creek, where the city of La Porte now stands. He found 
the creek impassable, on account of its height, with a large camp of Indians 
waiting on its banks for the return of their hunters, who had gone out on a 
buffalo chase. He tried in vain to procure the assistance of the Indians in 
crossing the swollen stream. They would assist with their canoes if he would 
give them half of his flour, which he refused to do, though offering to pay them 
liberally for their assistance. In the mean time the hunters returned, after a 
successful chase, and learning the situation of our hero, they also attempted to 
enforce the tribute which their comrades had demanded ; but failing in nego- 
tiations, they took him prisoner and took his team from the vicinity, but did not 
attempt to pilfer his flour. The second day they became tired of holding him, 
and set him across the creek with orders to leave. Returning to Sturgis' Rap- 
ids, he procured the assistance of some mutual friends and returned for his team 
and wagon. After some parleying and considerable pay, the team was brought 
back, his load ferried across, his wagon floated over, and they successfully 
started on the road to their settlement, where they arrived in due time, and thus 
another Indian massacre was happily avoided. 

About this time, some men, supposed to be horse-thieves, having built a 
small cabin near the bank of the river, spent the Winter in cutting cedar timber 
for fence posts and piling it on the river bank preparatory to rafting it to St. 
Louis. The settlement at Sturgis' Rapids being aware of the fact, and not 
fancying such near neighbors, made a raid upon the timber thieves, burned 
their cabin and timber, stampeded their teams, and drove them from the 
country. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. . 319 

In 1851, 0. M. Haydeii opened a farm on Miller's Creek, near Cedar 
Valley, where he remained some twenty years. Soon after, George Cook set- 
tled where La Porte now stands, followed soon after by John G. Forbes, two 
miles above, James Blanzy, John Walker, Robert Harris, Lewis Smith Eldridge, 
Joseph and William Boun, in that immediate vicinity and near La Porte, John 
Dees, James Hamer, Byron Stewart and Jesse Wasson, who laid out the town 
of La Porte. 

Amasa Nims located on Section 26, Township 89, Range 12, in 1850, but 
sold his claim to Benjamin Winsett in 1852, and removed from the township. 

BRADFORD LAYS IN ITS PORK. 

In the Spring of 1851, James Newell, at Turkey Foot Forks, had twenty- 
five head of swine stray away. He searched for them far and wide, but could 
not find them. In the Fall, he heard that they were in the vicinity of where 
Waverly now stands ; but when he went up, they were half way to Bradford. A 
settler named Forest proposed that if Newell would bring him some corn, he 
would feed them to keep them tame. Newell Avent home, and, as soon as he 
could, took a large load of new corn to Forest's cabin, but he had just sold out 
and had made a new claim about a mile off. Newell drove to Forest's new 
cabin, but he was not at home. Newell carried the corn into the cabin, and 
went home. When the first snow fell, late in November, Newell started with 
some men to gather and kill his swine. On the way he met an acquaintance 
who told him that Forest had sold the hogs to the people of Bradford; that two 
loads had been killed, and the remainder would be slaughtered that day. New- 
ell, in his narrative, says, "Well, 1 knew the jig was up; for there was not a 
man in the place you could collect a dollar of, if there was either law or gospel 
there, and there was neither." 

The Third General Assembly, by a joint resolution approved Feb. 5, 1851, in- 
structed the Iowa Senators and requested her Representatives in Congress to use 
their influence to secure to the people of the State forty-six additional mail routes ; 
among them were, (19) from Cedar Falls in Black Hawk County, to Fort Clark 
on the Des Moines River ; (29) from Centerville in Fayette County, by way of 
Cedar Falls in Black Hawk County, to the county seat of Marshall County. 

By act of the Third General Assembly, approved Feb. 5, 1851, State roads 
were provided for in Black Hawk County as follows: 

James Allensworth, of Linn County, John Alexander, of Benton County, 
and David S. Pratt, of Black Hawk, were appointed to locate and establish a 
State road from Center Point in Linn County, on the most practicable route to 
Marysville in Benton County, thence in a northwesterly direction via the resi- 
dence of James Virden to the Big Woods near the residence of John H. Mes- 
senger, to Rice's old trading house. 

Thomas W. Close and Isaac L. Hathaway, of Buchanan County, and 
Andrew Mullarky, of Black Hawk County, were appointed to lay out and estab- 
lish a State road from Independence to Cedar Falls. 

John Barrick, Edwin Brown and David S. Pratt were appointed to locate 
a State road from Cedar Falls in Black Hawk County, to the county seat of 
Marshall County. 

Samuel Davis, Benjamin Knapp and Daniel Parker, to locate a State road 
from Cedar Falls to Fort Clark. 

Charles Mullen, James Virden and William Pennell to locate a State road 
from Independence to intersect the road from Cedar Rapids to Cedar Falls, at 
or near the residence of Charles Mullen. 



320 . HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

By an act approved Feb. 5, 1851, Black Hawk, Bremer, Butler and 
Grundy were attached to Buchanan for judicial, election and revenue purposes. 

The first entries of land in each township in the county, made at the United 
States Land Office, are as follows : 

Township 90, Range 11 (Lester) — Joseph Potterf entered a part of Section 
36, July 21, 1851 ; Caspar Rowse entered a part of Sec. 14, July 23, 1851 ; 
David S. Wilson, H. W. Sanford, Frederick E. Bissell, George Counts, John 
Somers, Alvin S. McDowell and John Stobie entered land in this township in 
1852. 

Township 90, Range 12 (Bennington) — Allen C. Fuller entered a part of 
Sec. 36, July 20, 1854. Nearly all the land in this township was entered in 
1855. 

Township 90, Range 13 (Mt. Vernon) — William Bergin entered a part of 
Sec. 3, July 21, 1852; Thomas Gordon entered a part of Sec. 3; William 
Joshua, Barney and William Kern entered in 1852. 

Township 90, Range 14 (Washington and Union) — James W. True 
entered July 18, 1850 ; Benjamin Knapp entered a part of Sec. 27, Nov. 1, 
1850 ; James Newell entered Jan. 18, 1851 ; John Fairbrother, C. H. Wilson, 
Valorious Thomas, E. G. Young, C. F. Jaquith, Wm. Kern, John C. Higgin- 
son, James L. Cumons, Margaret Roberts, Simon Wyatt, Jr., James Sween, 
Alfred Goss, Solomon S. Knapp, James Carlisle, S. M Knapp, Jesse Morgan 
and others, entered in 1851. 

Township 89, Range 11 (Barclay) — Joseph Potterf entered a part of Sec. 
13, and Edward Moiney entered a part of Sec. 12, June 16, 1851. 

Township 89, Range 12 (partly in Poyner and partly in East Waterloo) — 
John Crumrine entered a part of Sees. 31 and 32, Dec. 5, 1850 ; Caleb H. 
Booth, John L. Kirkpatrick and Joseph M. Pennell entered in 1852. 

Township 89, Range 13 (Waterloo and East Waterloo) — Alvin R. Dunton 
entered parts of Sees. 22 and 23, July 24, 1847 ; George W. Hanna entered 
a part of Sec. 17 and the northeast fractional half of Sec. 26, July 26, 1847 ; 
John Hersley entered a part of Sec. 21, Sept. 1.3, 1849 ; James Waddell 
entered a part of Sec. 6 ; Wm. M. Dean, John M. McDonald, H. S. Crum- 
rine, Lyman Downing entered in 1850, and Andrew Mullarky, John Adams, 
Norman W. Tottingham, Richard Goodwin, Oscar Virden, S. B. Philpot, 
James Wilson, America Mullan, William Virden, Cephas Clearwater, Peter 
Powers and Jacob Witten entered in 1852. 

Township 89, Range 14 (Cedar Falls) — William Sturgis entered a part of 
Sec. 12, Oct. 9, 1847 ; Jackson Taylor entered in 1849 ; George Philpot 
entered in 1850. 

Township 88, Range 11 (Fox) — Frederick E. Bissell entered Sept. 29, 
1852 ; John A. Dunham entered a part of Sec. 19, Nov. 10, 1852. 

Township 88, Range 12 (Poyner and Cedar) — H. W. Sanford entered Feb. 
1, 1850; Samuel Owens entered a part of Sec. 6, June 6, 1850. 

Township 88, Range 13 (Orange) — Samuel Owens entered Jan. 6, 
1850. 

Township 88, Range 14 (Black Hawk) — Robert A. Jones entered Dec. 17, 
1851. 

Township 87, Range 11 (Spring Creek) — Moses Bates entered parts of 
Sees. 11, 12 and 14, Sept. 11, 1849. 

Township 87, Range 12 (Cedar and Big Creek) — David Baker entered a 
part of Sec. 3, and Samuel D. Warner entered a part of Sec. 15, Jan. 2, 1852; 
Otto F. Hayden entered a part of Sec. 2, July 10, 1852. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 321 

Township 87, Range 13 (Eagle) — Joseph H. Mead and Cicero Close entered 
Sec. 13, Jan. 3, 1854. 

Township 87, Range 14 (Lincoln) — Madison E. Hollister and Watson V. 
Coe entered July 5, 1854. 

In April, 1851, the County Commissioners of Buchanan County erected 
Black Hawk County into a voting precinct, and ordered an election. In August 
of that year, the County Commissioners were superseded by a County Judge. 
March 1, 1852, the County Court of Buchanan divided Black Hawk County 
into two voting precincts, as follows : 

Ordered, By the Court, that that portion of Black Hawk County lying west of Cedar River 
and north of Black Hawk Creek compose one precinct, to be called Cedar Falls Precinct ; that an 
election be held in said precinct on the first Monday in April next, at the house of A. Mullarky : 
and the Court appoints D. C. Overman, E. D. Adams and Edwin Brown Judges of said Election. 
And it is 

Further Ordered, By the Court, that all that portion of Black Hawk County lying east of the 
Cedar River, together with that portion lying west of Cedar River and south of Black Hawk 
Creek, shall compose one precinct to be called Black Hawk Precinct; that an election shall be 
held in said precinct on the first Monday in April next, at the house of Jeremiah Pratt : and the 
Court appoints Jeremiah Pratt, Charles MuUan and Samuel Wick Judges of said Election. 

0. H. P. RoszELL, County Judge. 

Evidently some error occurred in the above order, or the people were not 
satisfied with the action of the Court, for on the 8th of March, one week later, 
the orders of the 1st were revoked, and Judge Roszell 

Ordered, That all that portion of Black Hawk County lying north of the correction line* 
and west of the Cedar River compose one precinct to be called Black Hawk Precinct, and that an 
election be held in said precinct on the first Monday in April next, at the house of Andrew 
Mullarky ; and Edwin Brown, E. D. Adams and Samuel Wick are hereby appointed Judges of 
Election. 

It is further ordered, That all that part of Black Hawk County south of Black Hawk Creek 
and west of < "edar River, together with all that portion south of the correction line and east of 
Cedar River, shall compose one precinct to be called Cedar Precinct, and that an election shall be 
held in said precinct on the first Monday in April next, at the house J. A. Durham ; and Charles 
Mullan, J. A. Durham and Moses Bates are hereby appointed Judges of Election. 

There are no records to show that elections were held at the places and 
times designated, except that on the 3d day of May, 1852, Judge Roszell 
ordered the payment of the Judges of Election aforesaid, from which it is to be 
inferred that the elections took place. 

Cedar Precinct was divided Oct. 2, 1852, by order of the County Court of 
Buchanan Co., as follows: 

Ordered, By the Court, that the precinct called Cedar Precinct, in Black Hawk County, be 
divided, and that part lying west of Cedar River shall form one precinct to be called Cedar Pre- 
cinct, and that portion lying east of Cedar River shall form a new precinct to be called Prairie 
Precinct ; and the Court orders an election to be held in said precinct on the 2d day of November 
next, at the house of John A. Durham, for the purpose of voting for Presidential Electors. 

It is further ordered, By the Court, that Prairie Precinct extend one mile north of the correc- 
tion line, and be bounded on the north by the Section line running parallel with the correction 
line, at a distance of one mile north of said correction line. 

There are no records of this election ; no poll books are to be found either in 
Buchanan or Black Hawk County archives ; but it is said that the first election 
was held at the house of Benjamin Winset, and that James H. Hampton was 
elected Clerk ; Nathan Poyner, Justice of the Peace, and T. Van Eaton, Con- 
stable. 

Among the ancient papers preserved in the office of the County Auditor, 
are lists of real and personal property in Prairie Precinct, Black Hawk Co., 
made in the Spring of 1853, from which the following names of residents are 

* The correction line falls at the south line of the tier of townships numbered 89. 



322 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

compiled : Benjamin Winset, John Clark, Felix G. Walker, T. B. Van Eaton, 
Wilson Sawyer, Edmund Sawyer, Thomas Poyner k Co., John Perry, Joseph 
Perry, William Pennell, Mispah S. Oxley, George McConnell, Charles McCaf- 
frey, Michael Banning, Stephen Howell, John Helton, Steven Helton, 
J. H. Hampton, Daniel Walker, Henry Gray, D. G. Ellis, Jacob Bunting, 
Barney Bouck, George Arthur, Elizabeth Crumrine, George Clark, Henry 
Clark. 

June 26, 1852, the County Court of Buchanan Co. levied a tax on the 
taxable property of the county of Buchanan, and counties attached, viz. : 
Black Hawk, Bremer, Butler and Grundy. The tax was one and one-half 
mills on the dollar for State purposes, four mills for county, one-half mill for 
schools and one mill for roads. 

March 16, 1858, Charles Mullan was appointed Justice of the Peace to fill 
a vacancy till the April election. June 30, a vacancy having occurred in the 
office of Justice of the Peace in and for the county of Black Hawk, by the 
rejnoval from said county, of George W. Hanna, the Court appointed George 
W. Christy to serve till August, 1853. 

By act approved Jan. 22, 1853, the counties of Dubuque, Delaware, Clay- 
ton, Allamakee, Winnesheik, Fayette, Buchanan, Black Hawk, Bremer, Chick- 
asaw" and Howard were constituted the Second Judicial Circuit. 

By act approved January 22, 1853, E. L. Adams, of Black Hawk, Daniel 
Preeley, of Buchanan, and H. D. Wood, of Delaware, were appointed to locate 
a State road from Cedar Falls, via Greeley settlement, and Richardson's Grove, 
in Buchanan, Turner's Mill, Eads' (jrove and Dickson settlement to Buena 
Vista, in Clayton County. 

E. A. Bunn, of Black Hawk, John Blunt, of Chickasaw, and W. C. Stan- 
berry, of Benton, were appointed to locate a State road from Fremont (Vinton), 
Benton County, to Waterloo ; thence to John H. Messenger's, in Bremer 
County ; thence to Bradford, in Chickasaw County. 

James Newell, Jesse Morgan and William Payne were appointed to locate 
a State road from Cedar Falls through Beaver and Gohen Groves, in Butler 
County, through Babas Grove, in Floyd County, thence to Clear Lake. 

By joint resolution, January 22, 1853, the Legislature asked for a mail 
route from the county seat of Black Hawk County to Fort Dodge ; for extra 
line from Dubuque to Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, by a four horse 
coach three times a week. 

The first store in Waterloo was opened by Nelson Fancher in 1853, in a 
log cabin near the present residence of G. R. Crittenden. 

By the appointment of 1853, the counties of Fayette, Chickasaw, Butler, 
Bremer, Black Hawk, Grundy, Franklin, Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Howard, Mit- 
chell and Worth were constituted the third district, entitled to one represent- 
ative. 

LOCATION OF THE COUNTY SEAT. 

Section 1 of " An Act to locate the seat of justice of Black Hawk County,'' 
approved January 22, 1853, provided, " That A. J. Lowe, of Delaware County, 
S. S. McClure and Edward Brewer, of the County of Buchanan, be and they 
are hereby appointed Commissioners to locate and establish the seat of justice 
of Black Hawk County. Said Commissioners, or any two of them, shall meet 
at the house of E. D. Adams, in Black Hawk County, on the first Monday of 
May next, or within two months thereafter, as a majority of them may agree, in 
pursuance of their duties," etc. By the same act, the counties of Bremer, 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 328 

Grundy and Butler were attached to Black Hawk for judicial, election and 
revenue purposes. 

On the 9th day of June, A. D. 1853, the Commissioners met at the house 
of E. D. Adams, in the village of Cedar Falls, and performed their duties under 
the law. The following report appears of record on the minute book of the 
County Judge of Buchanan County : 

A Record of Commissioners^ proceedings, locating the county seat of Black Hawk : 

A. J. Lowe, S. S. McClure, Edward Brewer, Commissioners, sworn on the 6th day of June, 
1858, before 0. H. P. Roszell, County Judge of Buchanan. We, the undersigned Commissioners, 
appointed by an act of the Legislature of the State of Iowa, approved Jan. 22, 1853, to locate 
and establish the county seat of Black Hawk County, would respectfully report that, after com- 
plying with the requisitions of the law in relation thereto, we met at the place specified, and 
within the time required by said act, and proceeded to exaiuine said county, and on mature 
deliberation, after said examination, have selected certain lots, hereinafter designated, in the 
village of Cedar Falls, in said county of Black Hawk, which said lots are now deeded by the 
proprietors of said village to the county, and are described as follows : Lots 2 and 3, in Block 4 ; 
Lots 1, 2. 3 and 4, in Block 15 ; Lots 6 and 7, in Block 11 ; Lots G and 7, in Block 12; Lots 6 
and 7, in Block 13 ; Lots 6 and 7, in block 23 ; Lots 6 and 7, in Block 24 ; Lots 2 and 7, in 
Block 33 ; Lots 3, tj and 7, in Block 34 ; Lots 3 and 6, in Block 35 ; Lots 3 and 7, in Block 3? ; 
Lots 2 and 3, in Block 25 ; Lots 2 and 3, in Block 22 ; Lots 2 and 3, in Block 36 ; Lots 6 and 7, 
in Block 37 ; Lots 6 and 7, in Block 38 ; Lots 3 and 6, in Block 30 ; Lots 3 and 6, in Block 29 ; 
Lots 3 and 6, in Block 28 ; Lots 3 and 6, in Block 27 ; Lots 3 and 6, in Block 31 ; Lots 2 and 7, 
in Block 26; Lots 2 and 7, in Block 19; Lot 2, in Block 14 in the village of Cedar Falls, in 
Black Hawk County, Iowa; also Lots 1, 2 and 10, in Block 4 ; and Lots 3, 4 and 5, in Block 3, 
in Dean and Gari-ison's addition to the said village of Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, Iowa, 
and designate the said lots collectively by the name of Cedar Falls, county seat of Black Hawk 
County. Signed, A. J. Lowe, \ 

S. S. McClure, V Commissioners. 

Edward Brewer, ) 

ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. 

The county seat having been authoritatively located, the people of the 

county began to think about organization, and justly considered themselves 

capable of running county machinery of their own. The following entry on the 

records of Buchanan County, made Jan. 30, 1853, indicates that a petition was 

circulated for an organizing election very soon after the location of the county 

seat. 

A majority of the legal voters of Black Hawk County having petitioned for the calling of an 
election in said county, for th-' election of county olEcers, it is thereupon ordered that an elec- 
tion be held in said county on the first Monday in August next, for the election of county ofiicers 
in and for said county, to wit : A County Judge, Sheriff, Clerk of District Court, Recorder and 
County Surveyor, for the term of two years from that date, as the law provides; also a Prosecut- 
ing Attorney, for the term of one year ; and a School Fund Commissioner, and a Drainage Com- 
missioner, to hold their respec tive offices until the first Monday in April, 1853 [4?]. 

The first election was unquestionably held as ordered above, but the poll books 
and tally lists are not to be found. They were returned to the County Judge 
of Buchanan County, and by him turned over, w ith other documents, to the county 
authorities of Black Hawk after the election, as appears of record, but they 
are not accessible. It would be interesting to know the names of the persons 
who organized this county a quarter of a century ago. 

At that first election, however, held on the first Monday in August, 1853, 
the following ofiicers were elected, viz.: County Judge, Jonathan R. Pratt; 
Treasurer and Recorder, Aaron Dow ; Clerk of the District Court, John H. 
Brooks ; Prosecuting Attorney, William L. Christie ; Sherifi", John Virden : 
School Fund Commissioner, H. H. Fowler; Drainage Commissioner, Norman 
Jackson ; Coroner, Edmund Butterfield ; County Surveyor, Charles Mullan. 

It is said that there was no person in the county at that time authorized to 
administer the oath of office to the new county officers ; consequently, on the 



324 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

9th day of August, Mr. Pratt, County Judge elect, went to Independence, 
where the oath of office was duly administered to him by the County Judge of 
Buchanan County, 0. H. P. Roszell. 

The first recorded act of the first County Court of Black Hawk County was 
the administering of the oath of office to the other county officers elect, on the 
17th day of August, on which day all their official bonds were filed and 
approved, and they entered upon the discharge of their official duties. Black 
Hawk County was noAV completely organized, with a government of its own. 

July 4, 1853, was celebrated by the people of the county at Waterloo. A 
brush tent or arbor was erected on the bank of the river, above Mill Square. 
The Declaration of Independence was read ; speeches made by John Yirden, 
John H. Brooks and others ; a picnic dinner by the assembled multitude ; after 
which, the usual patriotic toasts were read and appropriate responses made. 

The first tax levy was made by Judge Pratt, August 28, 1853, when the 
Court 

Ordered, That a tax of six mills on the dollar be levied, for county purposes, including the sup- 
port of the poor, and with a poll tax of fifty cents on all able-bodied men not over fifty years of 
age; and for the support of schools, one and one-half mills on the dollar; one mill on a dollar 
for road purposes ; one and a quarter mills on the dollar for State purposes — making a total of 
eight and three-fourths mills on the dollar. 

The total amount of taxable property at that time, including the " unseated " 
land, and also including the other counties attached to Black Hawk for revenue 
purposes, was $91,608.58. 

Amount of county tax $642 92 

Whole amount of State tax 110 27 

Whole amount of road tax 80 11 

Whole amount of school tax 39 78 

Total $873 08 

The first marriage after the organization of the county was that of Henry 
Clark and Sarah Winset. Mr. Clark had considerable difficulty in obtaining 
the requisite license. He came up to Waterloo, forded the river, found the 
Clerk of the Court, John H. Brooks, who informed the anxious young man that 
the County Judge was the proper authority to issue marriage licenses. Judge 
Pratt lived at Cedar City, but he, said the sympathizing Brooks, was absent 
from home, and it was very doubtful whether the necessary papers were acces- 
sible. At the earnest solicitation of Mr. Clark, Mr. Brooks accompanied him 
to Cedar City, when they found that Judge Pratt was not only away from home, 
but that his trunk was locked. Inside that trunk was the paper Clark wanted. 
The Clerk was equal to the emergency, however; with a knife for a screw- 
driver he soon removed the lock, found the necessary paper, which he made 
out and delivered to Clark on the 27th day of September, 1853. On the 29th, 
the couple were joined in matrimony, at Spring Creek, Rev. C. N. Moberly 
officiating on the happy occasion. 

CITIES AND TOWNS. 

Cedar Falls, located on Sections 8 and 9, Town 89, Range 14, John M. 
Overman, Phebe J. Overman, William P. Overman, Harriet C. Overman, 
Demcy C. Overman and Edwin Brown, proprietors. Acknowledged April 12, 
1853, and ordered to be recorded, by 0. H. P. Roszell, County Judge of 
Buchanan County, April 26, 1853. Twenty-five additions have been made to 
the original plat. 

Waterloo, located on Sections 23, 24, 25 and 26, Town 89, Range 13. Plat 
filed for record June 24, 1854. Surveyed and platted by Charles Mullan, 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 325 

County Surveyor. George W. Hanna, Mary Hanna, Lewis Hallock, Lady A. 
Hallock, Charles Mullan and America Mullen, John H. Brooks, Lucinda 
Brooks, proprietors on west side, and Jonathan R. Pratt, James Virden, Char- 
lotte Virden, B. M. Cooley on both sides. Their several acknowledgments 
were made, the first in December, 1853. Twenty-six additions have been 
made to the original plat. 

Gilbertsville, located on Sections 23, 22 <ind west half, northeast quarter 
Section 27, Town 88, Range 12. Surveyed and platted by John W. Holmes, 
July 2, 1856. John Chambaud and John Felton, proprietors. 

Ottawa, located on north half of southwest quarter of Section 25, Town 87, 
Range 12. John Dees and Nancy Dees, proprietors. Surveyed by Joseph 
Owen. Acknowledged November G, 1854. Filed for record November 6, 
1854. 

Barclay, located on northwest quarter Section 13, Town 89, Range 11. 
Surveyed by D. A. Sovereign, August 8, 1854. James Barclay, Lucinda Bar- 
clay, proprietors. Filed for record April 7, 1855. 

Janesville, located on the northwest of northeast of Section 2, Town 90, 
Range 14. Surveyed July 24, 1855, by George W. Miller. Mary Ann Fair- 
brother and Hiram Fairbrother, proprietors. Filed for record January 12, 1856. 

Brooklin, located in Black Hawk and Benton Counties. Surveyed April 
3, 1856, by Newell Colby, County Surveyor of Benton County. H. N. 
Brooks, proprietor. Filed for record June 22, 1860. 

Cedar City, located on south half of Section 6, Town 89, Range 13. Sur- 
veyed by George W. Miller, County Surveyor. William M. Dean and Sarah 
Dean, proprietors. Filed for record May 16, 1856. 

Hudson, located on west half of Section 26, Town 88, Range 14. Surveyed 
June 15, 1857, by William L. Miller, Deputy County Surveyor. John L. 
Alline, Mary Alline and Asaph Sergeant, proprietors. Filed for record June 
24, 1857. 

La Porte City, on south half of Section 25, Town 87, Range 12. Surveyed 
by Wesley Whipple, Surveyor, January 5, 1855. Jesse Wasson, Junia Wasson, 
W. Catlin and Rozella Catlin, propritors. Filed for record July 16, 1855. At 
least twelve additions have been made to the original plat. 

Warren, located on southeast quarter Section 16, Town 87, Range 11 (Spring 
Creek). Surveyed October 11, 1855, by George W. Miller, County Surveyor. 
Warren Rankins. Eliza J. Rankins, proprietors. Filed October 15, 1855. 
Fees not paid and never recorded. Good crops are raised on the site of this 
town. 

Raymond, located on Sections 2 and 3, Town 88, Range 12, was surveyed 
by John Ball, County Surveyor, April 11, 1866. Edward E. McStay, pro- 
prietor. Filed for record June 14, 1867. 

Finchford, located on Section 7, Town 90, Range 14. Surveyed, June, 
1869, by Edwin Rodenberger, County Surveyor. Lewis Goings, Elizabeth 
Goings, proprietors. Filed for record June 11, 1872. 

Florence City, was the high-sounding name of a town laid out on Section 
35, Town 87, Range 11, on Cedar River, March 5, 1855. The plat of the 
town was presented to the County Court for approval, with a petition asking 
that it might be recorded, but the Judge refused to order it recorded on account 
of alleged informalities. 

October 3, 1853. Ordered by Judge Pratt, that the County Court sessions 
be held at the office of L. D. C. Maggart, in the village of Cedar Falls. 



326 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

FERRIES. 

The Red Cedar is a shallow stream, easily and safely forded in many places 
in ordinary stages of water ; but something more was necessary ; bridges were 
out of the question at that time, and a ferry appeared to be one of the essential 
wants of the little community ; and an enterprising settler was ready to supply 
it, as appears from the following entry in the County Court records of October 
12, 1853 : 

Now, to wit, this day, Samuel L. May makes application for a license to erect and keep a 
ferry at AVaterloo, across Cedar River at said place, and on proof that the legal notice has been 
given, by posting up as the law directs ; and, also, the said applicant having filed the bonds 
required by law in a penalty of $200 and bonds being approved by the court, whereupon the 
court o-rant to said Samuel L. May the exclusive right to keep and run a ferry boat or boats on 
the Cedar River, at Waterloo, and this privilege to extend one mile each way, up and down the 
river from Waterloo, for ten years from this date, if so long the applicant shall attend and cause 
to be kept in good order, and in all respects comply with the requirements of the law in regard 
to ferries, and the court prescribe the following rates of toll to be charged, and no greater, to 
wit : For each footman, 5 cents ; man and horse, 15 cents ; one horse and buggy, 20 cents ; two 
horses and wacon, 2-5 cents ; two horses and carriage, 25 cents ; four horses and wagon, 50 cents: 
two yokes of oxen and wagon, 50 cents ; neat cattle, per head, 10 cents ; horses, per head, 10 
cents ; sheep, per head, 3 cents ; hogs, per head, 3 cents. The said May is to ferry free of 
charge all persons going to or returning from meetings on the Sabbath, and all voters going to or 
returning from elections held at Waterloo. J. R. Pratt, County Judge. 

Mr. May established his ferry at a point a little above the present dam. 

April 3, 1855, the County Court granted a license to Benoni H. Butter- 
field to run a ferry across Cedar River from Tenth street, Waterloo (just below 
the Court House). This franchise extended a mile doAvn the river. On the 23d 
day of August, of the same year, Mr. Butrerfield sold his license to Lewis Hal- 
lock, for $700. 

June 5, 1855, a license was granted to Benjamin Barnes to run a ferry 
across the Cedar River, at or near Section 29, Town 87, Range 11. 

In 1857, Messrs. Lake & Bullock established a steam ferry above the dam 
at Waterloo, and operated it for a short time; but the boat was unwieldy, ran 
over the dam two or three times, and finally laid itself upside down near the 
livery stable, on the bank of the river, which terminated the experiment. 

August 8, 1854, the County Court granted a license to J. R. Cameron to 
run a ferry across Cedar River opposite the village of Cedar Falls. 

SALE OF COUNTY LOTS IN CEDAR FALLS. 

November 22, 1853, 'Judge Pratt ordered that the fifty-six lots in the village 
of Cedar Falls, donated to the county by the people of that town, "be offered 
for sale at public vendue on the 24th day of December next, for the purpose of 
raising a fund to erect a building for county oflSces ; thirty days' notice to be 
given of the sale, by posting up notices." 

On the day appointed, December 24, 1853, eleven lots were sold as follows : 

To John Melrose, Lot No. 2, Block 4, for $17 00 paid. 

To John Hartman, Lot No. 3, Block 4, for 19 00 paid. 

To Lewis Hallick, Lot No. I, Block 15, for 38 00 paid $24 60 

To W. Claton, Lot No. 2, Block 15, for 21 00 paid. 

To J. A. Dunham, Lot No. 3. Block 15, for 14 00 paid. 

To .John R. Cameron, Lot No. 4, Block 15. for 10 50 paid. 

To John T. Barrick, Lot No. 6, Block 11, for 9 00 paid. 

To John R. Cameron, Lot No. 7, Block 11, for 9 75 paid. 

To L. Barrick, Lot No. 2, Block 19, for 20 00 paid. 

To L. D. C. Maggart, Lot No. 7, Block 19, for 16 00 paid. 

To Henry Melin, Lot No. 3, Block 28, for 9 00 paid. 

1183 25 

March 4, 1854, sold to E. D. Adams six lots for 60 00 

Total $243 25 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 327 

January 2, 1854, the Court appointed William L. Christy " Agent, for the 
purpose of examining and selecting the overflowed and swamp lands in the 
county of Black Hawk, and State of Iowa, and report to this ofiice by the first day 
of March next." 

January 1, 1854, by order of the County Court, C F. Jaquith was paid 
$15.33 for rent of a room for use of the county. 

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 

Among the earlier and more important duties devolving upon the County 
Judge was that of carving the county into civil townships ; and this has been done 
in some cases without regard to Congressional township lines. The creation of 
these townships constitutes one of the more interesting portions of the history of 
the county, and the transcript from the records will be new to many ot the 
residents of the county who settled here after the civil divisions were made. 

First among these was the following: On petition of Benjamin Knapp and 
others, the County Court made the following: 

It is Ordered, That the inhabitants of Congressional Township 90 north of Range 14 west, be 
organized as a township of Black Hawk County, under the name of Washington. * * 

And it is further Ordered, That the first township election in the town of Washington be held 
on the first Monday of April next, at the house of Delos Jordan in said township, and that the 
following town officers be then and there elected, to wit.: Three Trustees, one Town Clerk, two 
Constables, two .Justices of the Peace, one Assessor and one Supervisor of Roads, and that an order 
be issued to Benjamin Knapp, of said town, for such election, and that Benjamin Knapp, Chris- 
topher Wilson and John Knapp are appointed .Judges of Election. 

It is also Ordered, That the Congressional Township 90 north, Range 13 west, be attached 
to and be a part of the township of Washington for revenue, election and judicial purposes, with 
all privileges of the citizens of Washington Township. J. R. Pkatt, County Judge. 

Feb. 6, 1854. 

At the first election in the township, on the first Monday in April, 1856, 
John Wallin Hitchcock, James Newell and Valorus Thomas Avere elected 
Trustees ; E. G. Young, Clerk ; John Knapp and J. Ackerson, Justices of the 
Peace ; W. J. Sherman and Elijah Eggers, Constables. 

The first settlers in this township were James Newell and Elbridge Cr. 
Young. 

A school was taught by William Dean in James Newell's house, in the 
Winter of 1850-51. 

CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 

On petition of John R. Cameron and others, it was 

Ordered, That the inhabitants of said township (89 — 14) be organized as a township of the 
county of Black Hawk, by the name of Cedar Falls ; and 

It is further Ordered, That the first election thereof be held on the first Monday of April 
next, at the house of Andrew Mullarky, and that John R. Cameron, Henry Mellin and Luther 
L. Pease be Judges of said election. 

Feb. 6, 1854. J. R. Pratt, County Judge. 

At the election on the first Monday in April following, Henry Mellin and 
George Philpot were elected Justices of the Peace ; Elias Overman, Andrew 
Mullarky and C. F. Jaquith, Trustees ; E. D. Adams, Clerk ; J. R. Cameron, 
Assessor ; J. W. Maggart and T. M. Taylor, Constables. 

WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 

February 7, 1864, the petition of Edward Butterfield and other citizens in 
Congressional Township No. 89 north, Range 13 west, praying for it to be 
made into a civil township, was presented and the following order passed : 

It is Ordered, That the inhabitants of said Congressional Township be organized as a town- 
ship of the county of Black Hawk, under the name of Waterloo ; and 



328 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

It is further Ordered, That the first town election in the township of Waterloo be held on 
the first Monday of April next after the date hereof, at the school house in the Yillap;e of Water- 
loo, in said township, and that the following township officers be then and there elected, to wit : 
Three Trustees, one Clerk, two Constables, two Justices of the Peace, one Assessor, one Super- 
visor of Roads, and such other County and State officers as are to be elected at the next April 
election, and that a warrant be issued to James Virden, for such election of said Township, and 
that James Virden, H. N. Ayers and Samuel L. May be Judges of said election. 

Order dated Feb. 7, 1854. John H. Brooks, Clerk. 

And it is further Ordered, That two tiers of sections on the north side of Township 88, Range 
12, be attached to the township of Waterloo, for election, judicial and revenue purposes. 

J. R. Pratt, County Judge. 

At the election ordered above, Morrison Bailey and Charles Mullan were 
elected Justices of the Peace ; John L. Kirkpatrick, Martin Bailey and H. N. 
Ayers, Trustees ; C. W. Buffum, Clerk ; John Melrose, Assessor. 

The first settler was George W. Hanna, in 1845, followed by James Virden 
and Charles Mullan. in 1846. 

HELENA TOWNSHIP. 

February 7, 1854, Helena was organized by the following order: 

It is Ordered, That the inhabitants of Congressional Township 89 north. Range 12 west, be 
organized as a township of said county by the name of Helena, under the laws of this State ; and 
that said town be attached to the town of Waterloo for all election, judicial and revenue pur- 
poses ; Provided, That the inhabitants thereof shall be allowed to vote for the town officers of said 
town of Waterloo. 

It is also Ordered, That the Congressional Towns 89 north, Range 11 west ; 88 north, Ranges 
13 and 14 west, and two miles otf the north side of Town 88 in Range 12 west, be attached to 
Waterloo. 

February 7, on petition of N, S. Jackson and others. Township 88 north, 
Ranges 13 and 14 west, was attached to Waterloo for election and judicial pur- 
poses. 

This township was never organized. 

LESTER TOWNSHIP. 

On petition of A. S. McDowell and others, the following order was passed : 

It is Ordered, That the inhabitants of Congressional Towns 89 and 90 north in Range 11 
west, and Town 90 north in Range 12 west, be organized into a township by the name of Lester, 
and that the first election for said township be held at the house of A. S. McDowell. * * * * 
and that A. S. McDowell, E. S. Wheeler and J. R. Owens be Judges of said election. 

J. R. Pratt, County Judge. 

At the election so ordered, Alonzo W. Barber, Thomas Wilson and E. S- 
Wheeler were elected Trustees ; E. S. Wheeler, Clerk ; Jonathan R. Owens and 
James Barkley, Justices of the Peace. 

PRECINCT NO. 1 — (miller's CREEK TOWNSHIP.) 

Beside creating townships, the County Court exercised its authority and 
ingenuity in the creation of election precincts, composed of several Congres- 
sional townships and parts of townships. February 7, 1854, the Court 

Ordered, That the inhabitants of the following Congressional towns, viz.: 87 north of Range 
14, 87 north of Range lo ; and all that part of Congressional townships, viz.: 87 north of Range 
12 and 87 north of Range 11. lying west of the Cedar River ; and all that part of Congressional 
Town 88 north of Range 12 lying west of the Cedar River and south of a line running through 
said town from the Cedar River to the west boundary thereof, and on the south line of Section 
7, be organized as an election precinct of the county of Black Hawk, under the name of Precinct 
No. 1 : and that the first election thereof be held on the first Monday of April next after the date 
hereof, at the house of John G. Forbes, in said precinct * * * * And that 

John G. Forbes, 0. H. Hayden and J. R. Points be the Judges of said Election. 

Although no order of court appears changing the name, the above territory 
appears to be recognized in subsequent records as "Miller's Creek Township," 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 329 

to which an election was held on the first Monday in April following, when 
Thomas R. Points, John C Walker and Michael Bunting were elected Ti-ustees ; 
John G. Forbes, Clerk ; Joseph Bown, Assessor ; John C. Reeves, Justice of 
the Peace, and R. C. Harris and John King, Constables. 

PRECINCT NO. 2 (spring CREEK TOWNSHIP.) 

It is hereby ordered, That the inhabitants of that part of Congressional Township 88 north 
of Range 12 lying east of the Cedar River, and south of a line running east from said river to 
the east line of said township, and south of Section 12 ; and those parts of C .ngressional Towns 
87 north of Range 11 and 87 north of Range 12 lying east of the Cedar River; and of Congres- 
sional Town 88 north of Range 11, in said county, be organized as an election precinct of said 
county, under the name of Precinct No. 2; and that the first election thereof be held on the 
first Monday of April next after the date hereof, at the house of E. Sawyer * * * * 
And that B. Winsett, John Clark and Stephen Evans be the Judges of said Election. 

February 7, 1854. 

Like Precinct No. 1, or "Miller's Creek," Precinct No. 2 appears in other 
and subsequent records as Spring Creek Township ; and an election was reported 
in such a township on the first Monday in April, 1854, when there were about 
thirty votes polled, and Stephen Evans and Isaac Skinner were elected Justices ; 
Edward Wood, Charles N. Moberly and John Clark, Township Trustees ; 
Henry Gipe, Clerk ; James H. Hampton, Assessor ; Henry Clark and John 
Blackford, Constables. 

The first sermon in this township was preached by Rev. C. N. Moberly, a 
Methodist minister, in 1853. 

Peyton Culver taught the first school, in 1854. He had eight or nine 
pupils. 

BUTLER PRECINCT. 

There is no preceding order creating Butler County into a precinct or 
township, but it is evident that there was such, as appears from the follow- 
ing order : 

State of Iowa, Black Hawk County, ss.. To M. B. WainsUy : You are hereby requested 
to give due notice of the election which is to be held in Butler Precinct on the first Monday of 
April next, for the purpose of electing the following officers : Three Trustees, one Clerk, two 
Constables, two Justices of the Peace, one Assessor, and to vote for such other State officers as 
are to be elected on said day. J. R. Pratt, County Judge. 

March 8, 1854. 

JURORS CALLED. 

Under date of March 11, 1854, the following entry appears of record : 

Warrant has this day been issued to the Sheriff of said county to notify the .Judges of the 
several election districts of said county to return to this office the following number of names as 
Jurors from the several election districts, viz. : From Washington, 21 ; Waterloo, 57 ; Cedar 
Falls, 22; Spring Creek, 24; Miller's Creek, 19; Lester, 7. 

In the above order, it is evident that Precinct No. 1 is called " Miller's 
Creek," and No. 2 " Spring Creek." 

April 4, 1854, John H. Brooks, Clerk of the District Court, resigned, and 
on the 20th of the same month the following order appears of record : 

Be it known, That on the 20th day of April, 1854. Luther L. Peas was, by the County 
Court, appointed Clerk of the District Court of Black Hawk County, Iowa. Luther L. Peas 
having given bonds according to law, and on the above date appointed and was sworn and 
duly qualified according to law, and entered upon the duties of said office. 

J. R. Pratt, County Judge. 

In the matter of the petition of Robert Stuart and others asking that the County Court of 
Black Hawk County attach so much of Congressional Township 90, Range 14, as lies west of 
Cedar River and south of Beaver Creek to Township 80, Range 14, for election purposes, it is 
thereupon Ordered, That the prayer of said petition be granted and the same be made a part of 
the record of said Township 89, Range 14, as relates thereto. 

June 17, 1854. L. L. Peas, Clerk. 



330 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The first dam across Cedar River was built at Cedar Falls in 1847-8 ; the 
second at Waterloo, by James Eggers. June 20, 1854, Mr. Eggers received 
permission from the County Court to construct a dam across the Cedar at the 
village of Waterloo, in accordance with an act of the Territorial Legislature of 
Iowa, approved February 15, 1843, Mr. Eggers having filed a bond in the sum 
of $2,000, according to law. He located his dam a short distance above the one 
that in 1878 dams the waters of the river, built it of logs and brush, and in 
three weeks after he received his permit he had a dam that raised the water two- 
feet. 

potner's creek township. 

On petition of Nathan Fancher and others, it was 

Ordered, That all that part of Township 87, Range 12, laying east of Cedar River, and all 
that part of Township 88, Range 12. lying south of Elk River and east of Cedar River, and one 
mile of the west side of Township 88, Range 11, and the whole of Township 89, R. 11, and all 
that part of Township 89, Range 12, east of Elk Run, shall constitute the township of Poyner's 
Creek, and that the election will be held at the house of Nathan Poyner. 

June 20, 1854. J. R. Pratt, County Judge. 

The Township 89, Range 11, was afterward ceded to Barclay. 

Previous to this time, a portion of the above territory was a part of Precinct 
No. 2, or Spring Creek Township. 

At the first election of record, in April, 1855, M. S. Oxley, Benjamin 
Brown and Job Engle were Judges, and J. H. Hampton and J. C. Engle, 
Clerks. Nathan Poyner and I. T. Corwin were elected Justices of the Peace \ 
W. W. Engle and T. B. Vaneaton, Constables. 

The township was named in honor of Rev. Nathan Poyner, a Baptist cler- 
gyman, who settled here in 1853. It is said that he used to hold religious serv- 
ices under a large oak tree near his cabin. 

The first settlement was made by Amasa Nims, in 1850, on Section 26, 
Township 88, Range 12 ; but he sold to Benjamin Winsett in 1852 ; and dur- 
ing that year, John Perry, Joseph Perry and George Arthur settled in the 
township. Rev. Nathan Poyner, Thomas Poyner, Edmund Sawyer and John 
Van Etton came in 1853. John Morgan, a soldier in the Black Hawk war in 
1832, settled near the mouth of Poyner's Creek in 1854. John Chamband 
and John Felton came the same year and founded the town of Gilberts- 
ville. 

The first marriage was that of Henry Clark and Sarah J. Winsett, in 1853. 
The first death, that of Mrs. Nathan Poyner, in the Spring of 1853. 

The first school house was built on Section 25, Township 88, Range 12, in 
District No. — , and the first school taught during the same year. 

There are ten school houses in the township, and two churches — one Catho- 
lic Church, at Gilbertville, Rev. John Nemmert, Pastor; and one Methodist 
Church, at Raymond, Rev. Mr. Alden, Pastor. 

Township ofiicers, 1878 : J. P. Kieffer, Clerk ; W. Waterfield, E. Marble 
and J. Dobson, Trustees ; J. P. Kieifer and E. Marble, Justices of the Peace. 

PIONEER JURISPRUDENCE. . 

The dockets of the earlier Justices of the Peace, of Cedar Falls Township, 
in which were most of the cases tried in the county prior to 1855, were lost by 
fire some years ago, and the dates and many details of the primitive adminis- 
tration of justice cannot now be obtained. 

Among the cases remembered, was one trial at Cedar Falls, wherein A. F. 
Brown, counsel for the defense, made application for a change of venue and 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 331 

moved that the cause be tried before a Justice in Hardin County, which appli- 
cation was duly granted. 

Another Justice, it is said, assumed jurisdiction of an application for a di- 
vorce, and even went so far as to order the amount of alimony and make provis- 
ion for the custody of the children. 

One of the early marriages was solemnized by R. P. Speer, Justice of the 
Peace. During the progress of the ceremony, the blushing lady discovered, to 
her dismay, that she was standing on the unlucky side, and requested the Jus- 
tice to wait till the mistake could be rectified. "Keep right hold, just as you 
are, ma'am," commanded the custodian of the peace and dignity of Iowa ; " for, 
by G — d, we'll soon be through with this job." The Justice was not going to- 
allow trifles to hamper him in the discharge of his pleasing duty. 

A citizen had committed an assault upon a gentleman from Vaterland, for which 
he was arrested and taken before the nearest Justice, without a warrant. The 
hour was late and the weather was hot when they appeared before the magis- 
trate. He was roused from his sleep and appeared in his office without dress- 
ing. He called for a statement of the case, which was given. Without making 
out either complaint or warrant, the Justice announced judgment upon the 

prisoner as follows : " I fine you one dollar, and, by , if you ever hit a 

Dutchman again without drawing blood, I'll fine you ten dollars !" The fine 
was paid and His Honor adjourned court. 

A lot of whisky was seized at Cedar Falls in the early years of the town. 
The owner of the contraband goods, through his attorney, obtained a change of 
venue to Justice Knapp, of Washington Township. Whisky, witnesses, owners, 
and attorneys all appeared on the day fixed. The defense demanded a jury, 
which was impaneled; the case was tried and submitted. After being out a 
reasonable time, the jurors sent word to Justice Knapp that they could not 
agree, for some of them were not sufiiciently convinced as to the identity of the 
fluid with the article mentioned in the information, and that it would be neces- 
sary to inspect the casks more thoroughly than had been done. Accordingly, 
a twelve-quart tin pail was filled with the liquor, a dipper placed therein, and the 
sample conveyed to the thirsty jury by the Constable. The Justice, not knowing 
but the jury might have an arduous task before them, allowed the attorneys, 
witnesses and spectators to partake of what was left, which was as refreshing 
to their throats as "a great rock in a desert land " to a sun-burnt traveler. 
The result was that the spirit of the law in that case made and provided, was 
fully carried out. To the lasting credit of the legal profession, which is always 
regarded as able to take care of itself, it is said that all the attorneys engaged 
in the case got back to Cedar Falls before any of the witnesses. 

Mr. Francis Cox relates the particulars of his own arrest while removing to 
Cedar Falls, in October, 1854. For a day before reaching the eastern limit of 
Black Hawk County, a party with ox teams had been close to him on the jour- 
ney. He was gradually drawing ahead of them, on the second day, when Mr. 
Cox, in looking back, saw that the prairie was on fire, set, no doubt, by the 
men with the ox teams. Toward night, Mr. Cox was confronted by the Sheriff, 
who politely informed him he was under arrest for setting the grass on fire. 
Some settler had gone to Waterloo and had made the complaint. The SheriflT 
and his prisoners, the ox-drivers having been also arrested, proceeded to a Jus- 
tice of the Peace not far off", who heard the case and promptly discharged Mr. 
Cox. He not being able to give evidence as to the fact of the others having 
set the fire, although fully convinced in his own mind, they were also discharged. 
Although the effort of the complaining witness was a failure, there is no doubt 



332 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

that it was of advantage in that vicinity, as it would have the eifect of deterring 
others from needlessly exposing houses and grain stacks to the dangers of prai- 
rie fires. 

A pertinacious liquor dealer of Cedar Falls was frequently arrested for sell- 
ing liquor contrary to statute. Some of the people of Cedar Falls, believing 
that a saloon was a necessary factor in the growth of the community, and being 
generous with their money, would usually assess themselves and pay his fines. 
On one occasion he was fined five dollars and costs for a new offense. One of 
his friends, who was attending the trial, inquired the total cost. Having been 
informed by the Justice, he counted up the number of friends present, figured 
up the pro rata to each, and paid his share, promptly followed by the rest. To 
make it as easy as possible, the Justice and the witnesses contributed their own 
fees. 

The Judge of the Second Judicial District appointed a term of court in 
Black Hawk County on the 27th day of June, A. D. 1854, and on that day 
court was duly opened at Cedar Falls in the school house then standing on the 
block now occupied by the Baptist Church. Present, Hon. Thomas S. Wilson, 
Judge ; Luther L. Peas, Clerk ; John Virden, Sheriff. 

On the same day, a petit jury was impaneled as follows : Jesse Shimer, 
James Hampton, Thomas R. Points, Joseph Brown, Zimri Streeter, J. D. Dewey, 
William H. Virden, J. C. Hubbard and Myron Smith. No grand jury was 
summoned. 

The first case entered was that of Mathew Bevard vs. John A. Dunham, 
attachment. In this case, D. L. Deyo appeared as attorney for plaintiff, but it 
appears to have been settled and plaintiff's demand paid previous to the term 
of court, and was ordered to be stricken from the docket. 

The second entry was the petition of Emeline Peterson vs. William Peter- 
son for divorce ; but the petitioner failed to appear, and the suit was discontinued 
at her costs. 

The other cases entered at this term were G. W. Burton vs. L. D. C. Mag- 
gart, D. C. Overman vs. John H. Brooks, J. R. Pratt vs. William True, Henry 
Mellin vs. Covil & Butterfield. 

On motion of D. S. Wilson, William H. McClure, a practicing attorney of 
the State of New York, was admitted to practice in the courts of Iowa. 

The jury was discharged and the court adjourned, having been in session one 
day. 

There appear to have been present at the first term of court in Black Hawk 
County, D. S. Wilson, Esq., of Dubuque; D. L. Deyo, of Independence and 
William H. McClure, the latter being admitted to practice in the morning. 

The census of Black Hawk County for 1854 shows a total population of 
2,488, of which 1,385 were males and 1,103 females. There were 603 voters, 
523 militia men, and 14 aliens. 

MT. VERNON TOWNSHIP. 

Sept. 19, 1854. — It is ordered by the County Court that Township 90, Range 13, be organ- 
ized a civil township by the name of Mt. Vernon, for all the purposes of a township of Black 
Hawk County. (Attest) Martin Bailey, Clerk. 

The county record does not show that any township officers or Judges of 
Election were appointed, but from other sources it is understood that the first 
Trustees were : Frederick Pattee, Henry Cole and S. S. Knapp, appointed by 
the County Court. These Trustees appointed Abraham Eyestone, Township 
Clerk, and Wallace Pattee, Road Supei'visor. 



f 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUI]TY. 333 

The first township election appears to have been held at the house of Wal- 
lace Pattee, April 2, 1855, when Joel Hiser and Randolph Leland were elected 
Justices ; Thomas Gordon and Frederick Pattee, Trustees ; Wallace Pattee, 
Assessor ; A. Eyestone, Clerk. Mr. Leland refused to qualify, and in August 
following, Alpheus Lawrence was elected to fill the vacancy, and Moses W. St. 
John was elected Constable. 

The first settlement in this township, it is said, was made by a Mr. Allen, 
on the northeast quarter of Section 4, in the Summer of 1852, although the 
record of original entries shows that William Bergin entered a part of Section 
3, July 21, 1852. Allen sold to Isaac McCaffrey in 1854. William Hogan 
settled in northeast quarter of Section 3 in 1853, and his daughter Rebecca 
and Elihu Thorpe were married the following Autumn by Rev. Jonathan Go- 
forth, being the first marriage in the township. George Housch settled on Sec- 
tion 4, and Thomas Gordon on Section 3, in 1853. Joel Hiser built a cabin 
and broke some prairie on the southwest quarter of Section 4, in 1854, and re- 
turned to Western Virginia and married in the followino; Winter. The follow- 
ing settlers located in 1854 : Abraham Eyestone on Section 30 ; Moses W. St. 
John, Section 27 ; Alpheus Lawrence, southeast quarter of Section 27 ; Joseph 
Thomas, northeast quarter of Section 1 ; S. S. Knapp, Section 29 ; Wallace 
Pattee, Section 5. The township was named Mt. Vernon by S. S. 
Knapp. 

The first child born was a son to Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Leland in the Spring 
of 1855, and Clement Leeper, son of Jacob Leeper, was born in the following 
August. 

In 1855, Milton Smith built a tavern on the Independence, Janesville and 
Waverly road, on the southwest corner of Section 1. This was well known to 
the early settlers as the " Seven-Mile House." Smith sold it to Charles Gibbs 
the same Fall. One warm summer's night the next year, it is said that while 
Mr. Gibbs was asleep a wild cat bit his big toe. Two large cottonwoods mark 
the spot where the old house stood. 

The first independent school district was formed in 1856. A Presbyterian 
society was organized in 1856 by Rev. Mr. Colwell, services being held in Mrs. 
Cleaver's house on the southwest quarter of Section 1. A Methodist Church 
was organized in November of the same year by Rev. A. N. Odell. 

The first grove meeting in the township, and probably in the county, was 
held in the only natural grove in the township, on the northwest corner of Sec- 
tion 3, in 1857. A Grange of Patrons of Husbandry was organized at the 
King school house in 1870. 

May 29, 1871, at a special election, the proposition for a tax to aid in build- 
ing the Grinnell, Cedar Falls & Winona Railroad was defeated by twelve ma- 
jority. At another trial on the 24th of June, however, the proposition was car- 
ried by a majority of eighteen ; but the road was not built, and the people 
saved their money. Mt. Vernon Township is considered one of the best in the 
county for farming. 

On the 30th of Sciptember, 1854, twenty-six of the Cedar Falls town lots 
belonging to the county were sold, from which about $400 was realized. 

October 30, A. F. Brown was appointed Prosecuting Attorney to fill a 
vacancy. 

November 13, the question of incorporation was submitted to the voters of 
the town of Waterloo. The election resulted in its favor, and another election 
■was appointed by the County Court to accept Articles of Incorporation ; but for 
some informality in the proceedings the project was abandoned. 



334 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

INDIAN PANICS. 

The hardy pioneers of Black Hawk County, like most others who endured 
the toils, privations and hardships of frontier life when they were brought into 
frequent and disagreeable contact with the Indians, who were being slowly but 
surely crowded toward the setting sun by the active encroachments of the 
Anglo-Saxon race, have many thrilling stories to tell of their experiences. 

During the years 1853—4, the settlers in this and neighboring counties were 
frequently alarmed by reports of Indian depredations and massacres north and 
west of here. Every few weeks settlers would come in from a distance and tell 
the most wonderful stories of hair-breadth escapes from cruel deaths by blood- 
thirsty savages, of houses burned and stock driven off. But investigation 
invariably demonstrated that all these alleged frightful occurrences were utterly 
without foundation. 

For some time the relations existing between the Sioux and Winnebagoes, 
living in the neighborhood had not been friendly, which finally culminated iu an 
outbreak in which a Winnebago boy was killed. The news of this affair rapidly 
spread, gaining strength as it was told by one excited and thoroughly scared 
settler to another, until by the time it had reached Black Hawk County it was 
reported that hundreds of painted warriors were marching down the valley 
murdering and burning everything before them. The people became fearfully 
excited, and many fled with their families and what little household stuff they 
could carry, finding safety in the more thickly settled counties or in the adjoin- 
ing States. A company was raised in Cedar Falls, and under command of 
Capt, E. Brown and Lieuts. A. F. Brown and W. H. McClure, went out to 
reconnoiter the enemy, going as far as Floyd County, where they learned, to 
their great joy and greater chagrin, that it was all a hoax and no hostile Indi- 
ans were within hundreds of miles. Others went from Waterloo and Independ- 
ence ; while at Janesville and some other places they hastily constructed rude 
forts or stockades, and put themselves in the best possible shape to make a 
strong defense against the blood-thirsty savages. 

Mr. James Virden. who lived in the grove at the upper end of Waterloo, was 
awakened one night by a man from near Waverly, who informed him that the 
Indians were coming, killing and burning everything in their path, and warn- 
ing him to pack up and flee to a place of safety. Mr. Virden had jmssed 
through two or three "scares," and took but little stock in the story. He 
asked the man in, and finally prevailed upon him to go to bed. It the morning 
settlers began arriving on foot, horseback and in wagons, and the yard and sur- 
rounding grove Avere soon filled with the fleeing settlers. Mr. Virden, Charles 
Mullan and one or two others mounted their horses and started up the river on 
a reconnoissance. After a day's ride, failing to discover any signs of Indians, 
they returned, and their reports reassured the runaways, who started at once for 
their homes. 

These sensational reports had a bad effect upon the timid, and several fam- 
ilies left here and went to Linn County, then supposed to be thickly settled and 
safe. 

At the supreme agony of the scare, says Mr. Streeter, who had just got 
the main part of his house up and inclosed, fifty persons stayed all night with 
him ; and he says his house was so full he could not step between the sleeping 
fugitives that night. Many of them had buried their valuables before starting, 
and some of them, when they got over their fright and returned, could not 
remember where they had dug and hid their property. The danger became 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 335 

more imminent as the news was carried eastward, and by the time it had 
got to Dubuque, 6,000 Sioux warriors were rampaging down the Cedar with 
the besom of death and desolation. 

Some very ludicrous incidents are told in connection with this bloodless war. 
On the return of the company to Cedar Falls, one of their number, to signalize 
the victory, rode his horse into the office of the Carter House, around the stove 
and out again, whereupon his comrades fired a salute in honor of his bravery, 
rousing the whole town. A settler of the name of Rucker and his wife were 
so badly frightened by the firing of this salute, supposing it to be the realiza- 
tion of what they had so long intensely feared, that they left everything and 
rushing out ran sixteen miles that night. At Waterloo, several of the timid 
left, and after spending a few weeks in Illinois, or some other supposed safe 
locality, returned. 

Among others thus leaving was Greenleaf Glidden and family, living on the 
west side. After spending a short time in Linn County, Mr. Glidden returned 
and resumed his home here. The night of his return there was a wedding in 
town (Isaac Virden and Eliza May being the parties interested), and the boys 
had made arrangements to give the newly-married couple a charivari. Soon 
after Glidden went to bed the clan assembled with cow-bells, pans and various 
instruments more noted for noise than melody, and the first general break-out 
of the din aroused Mr. Glidden, who was probably dreaming of Indians ; and 
when he sprang from his bed the general hub-bub and clatter only confirmed him in 
the belief that the Indians had surely come, and were killing all the inhabitants. 
Hastily burying his grindstone, which was evidently a highly cherished posses- 
sion, and throwing his feather bed and household traps into his wagon, he 
hitched up his horses and started at full speed for the land of safety, alarming 
the settlers as he went. He made a halt at Abraham Turner's, below town, 
told his blood-curdling tale, and warned them to flee. While he was talking he 
glanced backward toward town, expecting probably to see the flames of the 
burning houses, but instead saw several dark objects approaching at a rapid 
gait, and with a cry, almost of despair, he shouted, " They are coming ! Here 
they are!" and putting the whip to his team he once more started on his jour- 
ney at a break-neck speed. A lady at Turner's was so alarmed at Glidden's 
story that she started at once for some place where she would be safe, and wan- 
dered around all night in the sloughs and wet grass in her night clothes. The 
dark objects that had so suddenly and terribly frightened Mr. Glidden, turned 
out to be a number of colts that had followed the flying team. Glidden con- 
tinued his journey until he reached the river, and finding he could not ford it 
in safety in the dark, was compelled to remain there until morning, when the 
nature of the "scare" was ascertained, and afterward afibrded many a hearty 
laugh. 

RELOCATION OF THE COUNTY SEAT. 

Like most other counties in this part of Iowa, Black Hawk has had its 
"county seat fight," but it came early, and was finally settled. 

As previously stated, the seat of justice was located at Cedar Falls by Com- 
missioners appointed by the Legislature in 1853 ; but this action was not entirely 
satisfactory, partly, perhaps because it was too far removed from the geographical 
center, and partly because Waterloo, which was near the center, was ambitious 
to bear the honor of being the shire town. 

It is in tradition that an attempt of some kind to change the location of the 
county seat was made in 1854, but the exact nature cannot be ascertained. It is 



336 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

said that certain citizens of Waterloo went up to Cedar Falls for that purpose, 
and that a general melee was the result. In an account of the aifair published 
in the Iowa State Reporter, J^-Tay 26, 1875, the local historian remarks : " Some- 
thing stronger than Cedar River water was used, and after steam was up, the citi- 
zens of thatt own procured some eggs and opened fire on the invaders. 0. E. 
Hardy sported a plug hat that afforded a prominent mark for the egg men, and 
the hat was badly damaged, and the Waterloo force was driven from the field." 
the result was This was a " Waterloo defeat ;" but the Waterloo force did not 
propose to give it up, and when the General Assembly convened the following 
Winter the matter was presented with so much success, that they secured the 
passage of " An act to authorize the qualified electors of the County of Black 
Hawk to vote on the removal of the county seat of said county," approved 
January 19, 1855. Section 1 of this act provided: 

That there shall be a poll opened at the usual place of voting in the several organized town- 
ships in Black Hawk County, on the first Monday in April next, for the purpose of allowing the 
qualified electors of said county to vote for or against the removal of the county seatof said county. 

Section 2 provided that tlie ballots of the electors should have written or printed thereon 
the word " Cedar Falls" or " Waterloo," and that place having the greater number of votes 
should be the county seat. 

Provided, that if Waterloo should receive the greater number, the county seat should remain 
at Cedar Falls until July 4, 1855 and thereafter at Waterloo. In the event of removal, the 
County Judge was instructed to refund the purchase money to such persons as had purchased 
lots in Cedar Falls, with interest thereon from date of purchase. 

On the 5th of March, 1855, Moses W. Chapman presented a petition to the 
County Court, asking that a town plat called " Florence City," located in the 
southeast part of the county, be approved and recorded ; but owing to a deficiency 
in the proof the petition was denied. 

On the same day, H. H. Meredith and others presented a petition to the 
County Court, asking that the question of the removal of the county seat to 
Florence City, might be submitted to the people at the ensuing April election. 
Mr. Meredith and others of the petitioners were residents of Cedar Falls, and 
this petition was designed to create a division, through which it was hoped that 
the county seat might be retained at that place. The consideration of this peti- 
tion was postponed by the Court to the 19th of March, when the Judge denied 
the prayer of the petitioners for reasons, 1st, that it was in conflict with the act 
of January 19, and 2d, that Florence City was a place unknown to the Court. 

Ordered to show cause. At the second term of the District Court, held at Cedar Falls March 
26, T. S. Wilson, J. presiding, on petition of H. H. Meredith and others, it was ordered that " the 
County Judge of Black Hawk County show cause before me at chambers, ten days after the date 
hereof, why the prayer of said petitioners should not be granted, and such other order made and 
entered as may seem fit and pi-oper in the premises." 

Before the day appointed, however, the people of the county had made 
answer at the polls, and nothing further of this matter appears of record. 

At the election held April 2, 1855, the question of removal was submitted 
as provided by the act of January 19, and resulted as follows: Whole number 
of ballots cast, 648 ; "Waterloo," received 388 ; " Cedar Falls," 260. 

April 11, the County Court entered of record the following: 

Whereas, The election on the removal of the county seatof Black Hawk County, held April 
2, 1855, resulted in a majority of 128 for Waterloo over Cedar Falls ; 

Ordered, By the Court that proclamation be this day made, that on the 4th day of July, A. D. 
1855, the county seat of Black Hawk County shall cease at Cedar Falls, and that the several 
county ofiices required to be kept at the county seat shall thereafter be held at Waterloo. 

There are those who aver to this day that the vote as cast was not free from 
the taint of fraud. It was asserted after election, that the advocates and 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 337 

managers for Waterloo imported votes from Benton County, who made the 
counter-assertion that Cedar Falls generously accorded the numerous strangei's 
then stopping at that place with the intention of buying lands further west, the 
freedom of the town as citizens of Black Hawk County. 

In May following this action. County Judge Pratt was taken sick and only 
a few days before he died he issued an order locating the county seat on the 
Public Square on the east side ; and it is said that when he came to affix the 
seal of his office to the order he was so weak that he was at first unable to 
make the impression. He refused assistance, however, being fearful that some 
question might be rai^d as to the legality of the proceeding, and finally, by 
putting almost his whole strength on the seal, succeeded in affixing it to the 
order. On the 1st of June following he died, and John Randall, then Prose- 
cuting Attorney, having been appointed to fill a vacancy March 20, became ex 
officio County Judge 

But the opponents of removal were determined to fight it to the bitter end.' 
On the 21st day of June, 1855, they applied to Hon. William G. Woodward, 
one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, and obtained a Avrit of injunction 
restraining the removal, which was served very early on the 4th of July. On 
the 16th of July an appropriation of ^50 was made by the County Court to aid 
in defraying the expenses attending the efforts to have the injunction dissolved, 
the order giving as a reason for the appropriation "that the injunction was 
obtained in violation of law, and injurious to the interests of the county." 

The injunction was soon afterward dissolved by Judge Woodward, and an 
order issued for the removal of all the books, papers and documents to Water- 
loo, which Avas done on the 27th day of July. The county officers established 
themselves in the second story of Hubbard's brick store, on Commercial street, 
between Fifth and Sixth. 

The general election of August, 1855, was now close at hand, Mr. Randall, 
Acting Judge, was a candidate for the office of County Judge. There was a 
strong feeling in Waterloo between the people on the east and west sides of the 
river in relation to the location of the Court' House. The citizens of the west 
side were active in their efforts to secure the county building on their side of 
the river. Acting Judge Randall in order to advance his interests in the pend- 
ing canvass, rescinded the order of his predecessor locating the county seat on 
the east side, and agreed that if he should be elected he would submit the ques- 
tion of location to a vote of the people of the whole county. This was evidently 
satisfactory for Randall was elected, and afterward issued a proclamation for a 
special election to be held on the 10th day of December, 1855, to decide upon which 
side of the river in Waterloo the prospective Court House should be erected. 
At this election, 731 ballots were cast, of which 467 were for the east side and 
264 for the side that would pay the most money for the location and erection 
of the county buildings, the proposition being submitted in that form. This 
decided the matter in favor of the east side of the town ; but the definite 
location Avas a matter that was yet within the sole control of the County 
Judge. 

Cedar Falls, though defeated the year before, could yet annoy Waterloo. 
Her citizens were not disposed to forgive their upstart neighbors for removing 
the county seat and if they could not prevent Waterloo from keeping it they 
were going to have it just as far to one side as possible. So the vote of Cedar 
Falls was cast with substantial unanimity for East Waterloo. 

By act approved January 9, 1855, Palmer F. Newton, of Fayette County, 
and T. E. Turner, of Buchanan, were appointed to locate a State road from 



338 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Cedar Falls to Janesville and Waverly, in Bremer County, thence to St. Charles, 
Floyd County, thence to Osage, Mitchell Countj'. 

January 24, Wm H. McClure, of Black Hawk County, Henry H. Griffith, 
of Polk, and Thomas S. Griffin, of Woodbury, were appointed to locate a State 
road from Cedar Falls, by Fort Dodge, in Webster County, to near the mouth 
of the Big Sioux River, in Woodbury County. 

. By act approved January 25, 1855, the counties of Dubuque, Delaware, 
Buchanan, Black Hawk and Bremer were constituted the Second Judicial Dis- 
trict, and terms of court established in Black Hawk on the first Monday after 
the third Monday in March and September of each yeaif. 

By act of January 25, 1855, the Counties of Linn, Benton, Black Hawk 
and Buchanan were constituted the Twenty-fifth Senatorial District, entitled to 
one Senator. Black Hawk and Buchanan were constituted the Forty-first Rep- 
resentative District, entitled to one Representative. 

The Omnibus Road Bill, approved January 24, 1855, provided for the 
appointment of Commissioners to locate State roads, as follows : 

James B. Kelsey and Thomas B. Stone, of Linn County, and Harrison 
Bristol, of Benton, to locate a road from Cedar Rapids, via Bear Creek Mill 
and Vinton, to Cedar Falls. 

William P. Hammon, of Bremer, Samuel Sufficool, of Buchanan, and 0. 
P. Harwood, of Floyd, to locate a road from Independence, via Barclay, Wa- 
verly, St. Charles and Floyd Center, to the State line, in Mitchell County. 

John T. Barroch, Boone and Cornelius Beal, to locate a road from 

Cedar Falls, via Hardin City and New Castle, to Fort Dodge. 

By joint resolution approved January 18, 1855, the Legislature of Iowa 
asked for additional mail facilities in Black Hawk County, as follows : 

From Des Moines, via Nevada, Minerva Grove, Henry Grove and Eldora, 
to Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, in two-horse coaches, once a week. 

From Cedar Falls, via HardinCity and New Castle, to Fort Dodge, in two- 
horse coaches, once a week. 

BLACK HAWK TOWNSHIP. 

March 2, 1855, upon petition of John Yirden and others, it was 

Ordered by the Court, That Townships 87 and 88 north of Range 14 west be organized a civil 
township of Black Hawk County, by the name of Black Hawk Township ; and that the first 

election therein be held at the house of * * * (record sayeth not). 

(Attest) Martin Bailey, Clerk. 

The first election in Black Hawk Township was held at the house of Byron 
Sergeant, April 2, 1855, and the poll book contained the names of eleven voters. 
A. J. Tapp, Oliver Hughes and John D. Ferris were elected Trustees ; Byron 
Sergeant, Township Clerk ; B. Sergeant and N. L. Pratt, Justices of the Peace ; 
D. M. Ward, Assessor ; J. D. Ferris and H. H. DeWitt, Constables. 

Hiram Luddington has the credit of building the first house in this town- 
ship, in the Fall of 1852, on the southeast side of Black Hawk Creek, where 
the town of Hudson was afterward located. 

John D. Ferris built the second house, during the same Fall, about two 
miles below Luddington. 

The first cabin on the other side of the creek was built of home-made 
shingles, crotches, slabs and sod, by G. Osman. 

The first school house was built in the Spring of 1855, located about seven 
miles southwest of Waterloo, in which Miss Asenath Worthington taught the 
first school, during the following Summer, at $10 a month, with fifteen scholars 
enrolled. 



./ 





WATERLOO 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 341 

Rev. Mr. Gilmore preached the first sermon, in 1855. 

Warren Baldwin was the first blacksmith. 

Algernon Ferris was the first child born in the township. 

In 1858, a bridge was^ built across Black Hawk Creek, by D. W. Youno- 
and others. It was a rude structure, about sixty feet long, built of poles, rails 
and slough grass, with crotches for piles .and piers ; but it served a good purpose 
for a time. 

The town of Hudson is in this township. 

In 1861, Township 87, Range 14, was set off as a new township, and called 
Lincoln. 

BARCLAY TOWNSHIP. 

March 2, 1855, Barclay Township was created by the following order : 

On application of .Tames Barclay and others, it is ordered by the (Jourt that Township 89 

north of Range 11 west be organized a civil township, for all the purposes of a civil township 

of Black Hawk County, in this State. 

At the election, William C. Morton, C. A. Foye and Charles L. Coon were 
Judges, and James Barclay and Ira Beckford, Clerks, of the election. James 
Barclay was elected Clerk ; William C. Morton and James Barclay, Justices of 
the Peace. 

DISTRICT COURT. 

The second term of the District Court was held at Cedar Falls March 26, 
1855. Present, Hon. T. S. Wilson, Judge of Second Judicial District ; Martin 
Bailey, Clerk ; John Virden, Sheriff, and John Randall, Prosecuting Attorney. 

At this term, the first grand jury was impaneled, as follows : Henry 
Sherman, Foreman ; Benjamin Knapp, Pleasant Morris, E. G. Young, John 
Wilson, Stephen Evans. Henry Gipe, M. S. Oxley, Jesse Shimer, Michael 
Bunting, William Fisher, C. H. Wilson, R. P. Speer, L. L. Pease and B. F. 
White. 

S. H. Packard, Jr., and Saiford W. Rawson, practicing attorneys, of the 
State of New York, were admitted to practice law in the courts of Iowa. 

The grand jury reported that no bill was found in the case of State vs. John 
M, Cowen for larceny, and State vs. Charles Brooks, Jr., William Campbell, 
Joseph Kinsell and Preston Herrington, and defendants were discharged in both 
-cases. It is said that Cowen came here with horses for sale, and while here 
indulged in a little private speculation by breaking into the store of B. J. Cap- 
well & Co., and stealing a shot bag partially filled with silver, and a bead purse 
with a number of bills of various denominations. He was held to bail for the 
crime, deposited the amount himself, and left for parts unknown. 

Martin Bailey, Clerk of the Court, was appointed a General Commissioner 
to take depositions in all cases pertaining to the business of this Court, to report 
at next term. 

The first record of declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United 
States was made by Grounder Osman, a native of Norway, May 31, 1855. 
Walter McNally entered his intentions about the same time. The first natural- 
ization papers were issued to Andrew H. Kennedy, a native of Scotland. 

The September (1858) term of court was held at Waterloo, the new county 
seat, September 25, in Capwell's Hall, which was then unfinished, and the 
seats for spectators consisted of boards placed on nail kegs and other temporary 
contrivances. William M. Newton, J. 0. Williams and W. L. Christy were 
admitted on certificates to practice, and B. E. Baker was admitted to the bar 
after examination by I. S. Woodward and F. H. Webster. 



342 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The first bill of indictment reported by the grand jury of the county was 
against Hamilton Acres, for seduction. The defendant was held to bail in 
$300. At the next term, nolle pros, entered on the ground that there was no 
ground for prosecution. 

March 2, 1855, all that part of Grundy County north of the correction line 
was established an election precinct of Black Hawk County, and the first elec- 
tion ordered to be held at the house of Silas Peck. 

March 6, 1856, it was ordered that all that part of Grundy County lying 
south of the correction line be organized into an election precinct, and that the 
first election be held at the house of Thomas G. Copp. A. W. Lawrence, T. 
G. Hoxie and T. G. Copp were appointed Judges of Election, and the precinct 
named Palermo Township. 

June 30, 1855, John M. Harper was appointed an agent to sell liquors at 
Waterloo, under an act of the General Assembly, approved Jan. 22, 1855. 

July 17, 1855, the Court ordered a warrant for |75 to be drawn in favor 
of John M. Harper, County Liquor Agent, to pay for a bijl of liquors pur- 
chased by him. 

July 19th, George N. Minor was appointed as such agent for Cedar Falls, 
and a warrant for $115 ordered to be drawn in his favor by Martin Bailey, Act- 
ing County Judge. 

Martin Bailey, Clerk of the Court, resigned August 24, 1855, and Morrison 
Bailey was appointed to fill the vacancy. 

January 17, 1856, the office of Treasurer and Recorder was declared vacant, 
and Francis B. Davison was appointed to fill the vacancy. 

ADALINE TOWNSHIP. 

March 3, 1856, the County Court ordered the organization of Adaline 
Township, with the following boundaries : Commencing at the northeast corner 
of Congressional Township 88 north of Range 14, running thence east on the 
line of said Township 88, Range 13, to the bank of Cedar River, until it inter- 
sects the west line of Township 88, Range 12 ; thence south along section line 
to the southwest corner of said last mentioned township ; thence west on the 
north line of Township 87, Range 13, to the southeast corner of Township 88, 
Range 14 ; thence north to place of beginning. An election was ordered for 
April 7, but no place of holding it appears in the oi'der. 

The Judges of the election held April 7, 1856, were Loring B. Shepard, James 
Munger and John Parker; Clerks, William L. Manning and John F. Darling. 
At this election Obadiah Sineaweaver was elected Clerk ; William L. Manning 
and John Parker, Justices of the Peace. 

While there is no order of the County Court changing the name of the 
Township of Adaline, yet in the records of the general election in August fol- 
lowing its organization. Orange is substituted, and James Munger, W. H. Wis- 
well and L. B. Shepard were Judges, and 0. P. Sineaweaver and Dyer Reed, 
Clerks. 

CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 

March 12, 1856 : 

It is hereby Ordered, that all of that part of Congressional Township 88 north of Range 12 
■west, in Black Hawk County, Iowa, which lies west of the Cedar River, and all of that part of 
Township 87 north of Range 12 west, in the said county, which lies west of the said river and 
north of a line running east and west through the center of said township, be and the same are 
hereby organized into a township for election and other purposes, to be known nnd designated 
as Cedar Township, and that the first election in the said Cedar Township be held at the store of 
Jesse Wasson, on the first Monday in April next. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 343 

At the first election, April 7, 1856, Bradford W. Clark, N. P. Clark and 
John P. Romack were Judges; and L. H. Mead and T. R. Points, Clerks: B, 
S. Doxey was elected Township Clerk ; Joseph H. Mead, Justice of the Peace ; 
and Clarke K. White and Norman P. Clark, Constables. 

BIG CREEK TOWNSHIP. 

On the same day in which Cedar Township was created, viz., March 12 
1856, the following appears of record : 

And it is further Ordered. That all of that part of Township 87 north of Range 12 west, in 
said county, which lies south of a line running east and west through the center of the same, 
and all of that part of Township 87 north of Range 11 west, which lies south and west of the Cedar 
River, be and the same is hereby organized into a township for election and other purposes, to 
be known and designated as Big Creek Township, and that the first election in the said Big 
Creek Township be held on the first Monday in April, at the house of Thomas R. Points. 

The two townships of Cedar and Big Creek appear to have been slightly 
mixed in the contest. The election in Cedar was ordered at the house of J. 
Wasson, and J. Wasson was elected Justice of the Peace in Big Creek. The 
election in Big Creek was ordered at the house of Thomas R. Points, and T. R. 
Points was Clerk of the election in Cedar. 

At the first election in Big Creek Township, James Hammer, Christian 
Good and S. P. Cooper were Judges, and S. N. Knowles and J. Wasson, Clerks. 
John Shawner was elected Clerk, and C. Good and Jesse Wasson, Justices of 
the Peace. 

THE COURT HOUSE. 

On the 10th day of December, 1855, the Court House was ordered to be 
built, when erected, on the east side of the river ; but no further steps were 
taken and the first recorded action of the County Court after that time was on 
the 3d day of March, 1856, as follows : 

Whereas, The said county of Black Hawk has no Court House or other building or room in 
which to transact the general business of the county, consequently having to rent all rooms now 
used for such purposes, and there being a surplus of funds on hand now in the treasury of said 
county not appropriated, and the county being in need of a Court House ; 

It is hereby Ordered, That the surplus money now in the treasury of said county, or which 
may hereafter be collected into said treasury for the year 1855, be appropriated for the erection 
of a Court House in the village of Waterloo, in said county. And that said county further incur 
the responsibility of an additional expense, which, in connection with the surplus money in the 
treasury, or which may be as aforesaid, will amount to $13,000. And, in case such surplus, as 
above, does not amount to the said $13,000, the balance above what said surplus may be, shall be 
paid from the first surplus money in the treasury of the said county not otherwise required or 
appropriated. And until there be such a surplus in said county treasury, the bonds or war- 
rants of said county be given to the amount of said deficiency. 

And it is further Ordered, That a contract or provision be made by said county of Black 
Hawk, for the erection of such Court House in the said village of Waterloo, during the present 
year of 1856. 

J. Randall, County Judge. 

March 7, 1856, a contract was made with Giles M. Tinker, for the erection 
of a Court House. The contract price was $12,747.61 ; but as to the nature 
of the building to be erected the records of the County Court are silent. 

Having entered into a contract for building a Court House, it became neces- 
sary for Judge Randall to determine where, on the east side, it should be located. 
This was under his control, although under the pledges made prior to his elec- 
tion, the people thought they might have some voice in the matter. But the 
event proved that the County Judge was abundantly able to locate the building 
without advice or assistance from anybody, however public confidence might be 



344 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

betrayed and abused. He took the responsibility, it appears, for the following 
entry of record, May 24, 1856 : 

Whereas, It being uecessary to make a location of tlie county building or Court House, the 
erection of which has been provided by contract with Giles M. Tinker, in the village of Waterloo : 

It is herebi/ Ordered, That tlie location of a Court House for Black Hawk County, in the State 
of Iowa, be this day made, and that it be upon Block 20, in the village of Waterloo, county of 
Black Hawk. State of Iowa, and that the Court House be erected thereon, now contracted for with 
Giles M. Tinker, and the said location was this day made as above. 

.1. Randall, County Jud(je. 

The official record, however, does not show the general indignation of the 
people over this one-sided location ; but there was no remedy. The County 
Judge was an autocrat, when he elected to exercise to its full extent the power 
vested in him. It is now generally understood that certain town lots in which 
Mr. Randall had an interest, influenced Judge Randall in making this selection ; 
dim visions perhaps of a bridge across the Red Cedar at that point, and conse- 
quently an entire change of location of the business of the town. Speculation was 
rampant, and it is said that river lots on the west side, opposite Randall's location 
of the Court House, sold for $500 in gold. But the location of the bridge on 
Fourth street punctured the glittering bauble, and permanently fixed the busi- 
ness part of the city a number of blocks up the river. 

Many changes and alterations were made in the original plans, before the 
building was completed, and, by the time the expensive job was completed, the 
contractor had received more than double the contract price, or about $27,000, 
for his work. It is a problem to the uninitiated how so much money could have 
been put into that building. It is said that the fence around the lot on wdiich 
the building stands, although looking so modest and unpretentious, cost nearly 
$2,200. Lumber, of course, had to be hauled from Dubuque; but even that 
does not account for the excessive cost. The inference is rather strong that 
there was some "jobbery" in connection with it. The Court House was com- 
pleted and occupied by the county officials May 4, 1857. 

September 9, 1856, the County Court ordered an election to be held on the 
10th day of September, to decide whether the county should take $200,000 
stock in the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad, at that time being agitated. The 
election was held and resulted in the affirmative, whereupon the company agreed 
to pass through the county via Waterloo and Cedar Falls, making their stations 
within one mile of the center of said towns, and to cross the Cedar River at or 
near the village of Waterloo. The agreement was signed by J. P. Farley, 
President. For some reason, this contract was not consummated ; the bonds 
were printed, but the County Judge refused to sign and issue them, and the line 
of the road was afterward changed to its present location. 

January 19, 1856, George Bishop, S. P. Brainard and George H. Bemis, 
practicing attorneys of Illinois and New York, were admitted to practice in the 
courts of lowa^ 

September 22, 1856, Nathaniel Huntington, from Indiana, and James S. 
Geoi'ge, from Illinois, were admitted to practice in Iowa Courts. 

March 23, 1857, William J. Ackley, from New York, was admitted to 
practice ; also Mr. Lannbard, D. J. Coleman, and Sylvester Bagg. 

By the apportionment of 1857, Black Hawk County was made the Sixth 
Representative District, entitled to one Representative. 

January 28,1857, James M. Noble, of Delaware; H. B. Martin and John F. 
Duncan, of Webster, were appointed to locate a State road from Cedar Falls, 
via Webster City and Fort Dodge, to Sioux City. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 345 

On the 6th day of July, A. D. 1857, Andrew J. Yancey was shot and 
killed by Jacob Harmon, while holding his plow, in Spring Creek Township. 
On the 20th of October, the grand jury, George Ordway, foreman, presented a 
true bill of indictment against Harmon. October 22d, the accused was arraigned 
and pleaded not guilty. The prosecution was conducted by Sylvester Bagg, 
J. M. Preston and S. W. Rawson, and Newton & Brainard, George Bishop and 
Pierce appeared for the defense. The jury was composed of John Hackett, J. 
M. Benjamin, 0. 0. St. John, J. L. Alline, S. R. Crittenden, James Merwin, 
Charles E. Balkeour, William W. Wiswall, Randall Churchill, Augustin Beau- 
cham, George P. Pratt and Charles Singleterry. After a patient hearing, on 
the morning of October 24, the jury returned a verdict of "guilty of mur- 
der in the second degree." A motion for a new trial was overruled, and 
Harmon was sentenced to be confined in the Penitentiary at hard labor for a 
period of eleven years. 

The first divorce decreed was in the case of Eliza Barber vs. Orson Barber, 
October 21, 1857. 

July 21, 1857, Francis B. Davison. Assignee of G. M. Tinker, filed his 
account of extra work done on the Court House, to the amount of $2,745.98. 

UNION TOWNSHIP. 

February 1, 1858, on petition of Randall Churchill and others, it was 

Ordered, That that part of Township No. 90 north of Range 14 west, in said county, which 
lies west of the center of the main channel of the Cedar River, be set off and become a separate town- 
ship for all the purposes for which civil townships are organized in the different counties of this 
State, to be known and designated by the name of Union Township, and bounded as follows : Com- 
mencing at the northwest corner of Township 89 north of Range 14 west, thence running east on 
the township line to the center of the main channel of the Cedar River ; thence up the said river on 
the line of the center of the channel thereof to the forks of the same ; thence up the center of 
the main channel of the east branch to the north line of said Township 90, Range 14 ; thence 
west on the said township line to the northwest corner of Black Hawk County ; thence south on 
the west line of said county the place of beginning; and that the first election in said Union 
Township be held at the school house in District No. 3, at the usual time of holding the April 
election, 1858, and that a warrant be issued to John Hackett for the notice of said election. 

At the election under the above order J. A. Webster, D. G. Jones and 
James Bennett were Judges, and Albert E. B. Lamb, Clerk of the election. J. 
D. Gilkey and Randall Churchill were elected Justices of the Peace; N. S. 
Bails, Township Clerk ; Harrison Newell, Constable. 

August 9, 1858, on petition of Benj. Knapp and others, the County Judge 
ordered the records in relation to the division of Washington and Union Town- 
ships corrected so as to stand dividing said townships by the center section-line 
running north and south. 

BENNINGTON TOWNSHIP. 

February 1, 1858, on petition of Nathan Harwood and others, of Lester 
Township, praying for the setting-off and organizing of Township 90, Range 
12, which was then a part of Lester, it was 

Ordered, That the prayer of siid petitioners be gran'ed, and that said Township No. 90, 
Range 12, be organized into a separate and distinct township of the said Blick Hawk County, 
for all the purposes for which townships are organized in the several counties of the State of 
Iowa; that the same be known and designated by the name of " Bennington Township," and 
that the first election therein be held at the house of B. G. Updike, at the usual time of holding 
the April elections, A. D. 1858, and that a warrant be issued to B. G. Updike for the notice of 
said election. 

At this first election, the Judges were Samuel Buck, Charles M. Bower 
and Thomas S. Thamer; the Clerks were Isaac K. Vanderberg and Harlan P. 



346 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Homer. Thomas S. Homer and John E. Burlaw were elected Justices of the 
Peace ; Isaac K. Vanderberg, Clerk ; Hiram E. Bundy and Daniel Faulkner, 
Constables. 

EAGLE TOWNSHIP. 

March 1, 1858, on petition of Owen McMannus and others, Eagle Town- 
ship was organized, with boundaries as follows : Commencing at the northwest 
corner of Township No. 87, north of Range 12 west ; thence running west 
along the township line, between Townships 87 and 88, to the northeast corner 
of Township 87 north, Range 14 west ; thence south along the township line 
between Townships 88 and 87, to the southwest corner of Township 88 north, 
Range 14 west ; thence east along the county line between the counties of Black 
Hawk and Bremer to the southwest corner of Township No. 87 north, Range 
12 west ; thence north to the place of beginning. 

The first election was ordered at the house of Calvin Eighmey. At the 
usual April election, 1858, the warrant was issued to Owen McMannus. At 
this election, N. P. Camp, C. W. Eighmey and Michael Mitchell Avere Judges, 
and Owen McMannus, Clerk. N. P. Camp and M. Mitchell were elected Justices 
of the Peace; 0. McMannus, Township Clerk; and James Sheon and Joseph 
Millage, Constables. 

The burial ground on Section 7, containing one acre, was donated for this 
purpose in 1874 by Wm. H. Thompson and wife. The neighbors generally 
contributed for fencing, etc., which was done November 18, 1874. William P. 
Thompson, P. B. Ross and Peter McNally are the Trustees. Up to August, 
1878, only three graves have been filled, which indicates a very healthy 
neighborhood. 

At the term of the District Court, March 12, 1858, William Pattee was 
admitted to the bar. 

March 13, Sylvester Bagg, Esq., introduced a series of ninety-five Rules of 
Practice in the District Court, which were adopted by the Court. On the same 
day, the Court appointed William H. McClure Prosecuting Attorney in place 
of William Haddock, absent from duty. The grand jury returned a true bill 
of indictment against Haddock for willfully neglecting his duty as prosecuting 
officer. The defendant was arrested and brought into court, asked for a contin- 
uance and resigned his office ; whereupon the Acting Prosecuting Attorney, 
McClure, entered a nolle pros. 

September 13, 1858, Samuel Owens was admitted to practice. 

April 25, 1859, Joseph Taylor was indicted for passing counterfeit money, 
tried and found guilty. 

FOX TOWNSHIP. 

May 3, 1858, Fox Township was set off from Spring Creek Township by 
the County Court, in answer to the petition of A. B. Mather and others, being 
Congressional Township 88 north, Range 11 west, and the place of holding the 
first election, the house of Theodore L. Williams ; the time, at the usual April 
election, 1859 — afterward changed to October, 1858. 

At the first township election, in October, Andrew Murphy, Aaron L. 
Burgess and C. W. Corwin were Judges, and A. B. Mather and Silas I. Pettit, 
Clerks. A. B. Mather and M. S. Oxley were elected Justices of the Peace ; 
LeAvis Shroyer and C. W. Corwin, Constables ; C. W. CorAvin, Township Clerk ; 
S. I. Pettit, Assessor. It is supposed that Stephen HoAvell, from Indiana, 
was the first to settle in this township, locating in the southeastern part. His 
son, James Howell, was the first child born in the township. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 347 

The first breaking was done on the southeast quarter of the southeast quar- 
ter of Section 36, in the Fall of 1852. It was done with three yokes of oxen, 
by Henry Gray, Stephen Howell and Peter Cox. 

The first school house was built on the northwest corner of Section 36, 
about 1856. The building was of logs ; contract price, $110. 

The first sermon was preached by Rev. Stephen Howell in the log school 
house in the Spring of 1857. A Methodist Class was organized in 1869 by 
Eev. W. H. Holland, with a membership of twenty-six. 

EAST WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 

May 5, 1858, S. P. Brainard presented a petition to the court, praying for 
a division of Waterloo Township by a line running along the channel of the 
Cedar River, and that the eastern part thereof be organized a new township by 
the name of Wellington. The matter was laid over, however, until the July 
term, when the Judge ordered the question to be submitted to the people, to be 
voted on at the Court House the first Monday in August, 1858. When the 
people of the eastern part of the township petitioned, they doubted their ability 
to carry it ; but when the day came for the election a rain had swollen the 
Cedar to the highest point, and not a man from the west side appeared to dis- 
turb or make afraid. Sixty votes were cast, all of them in favor of the division. 
The election was held on the first Monday of August, 1858. It was accord- 
ingly divided, and that portion lying east of the river was newly organized and 
named East Waterloo, and the first election thereof ordered to take place at the 
Court House on the second Tuesday of October, and a warrant was issued to 
A. G. Hastings, a Constable, to post notices therefor. 

The election was held. 0. E. Shipman, Myron Smith and Isaac Young 
were the Judges, and Charles D. Young and Morrison Bailey were the Clerks 
of the election. William Armstrong and William P. Bunn were elected Jus- 
tices of the Peace ; La Fayette Norris and A. G. Hastings, Constables ; Chas. 
D. Gray, Town Clerk ; Isaac Young, Assessor. 

An now, to wit, on this 8th day of October, A. D. 1860, is produced from the files of this 
court the petition of John G. Park and others, asking for a division of Big Creek Township, in 
Black Hawk County, and the court being fully advised, ordered that the prayer of the petition 
be granted, and that all that part of Township 87 north, Range 11 west, in said countv lying 
west and south of the Cedar River, and now forming a part of Big Creek Township, be detached 
from said Big Creek Township, and that it be and the same is attached to and made a part of 
Spring Creek Township for all the purposes for which civil townships are organized in the several 
counties of the State of Iowa, so that Spring Creek Township shall be composed of the entire 
territory of Township 87 north. Range 11 west, in Black Hawk County, State of Iowa. 

THE CEDAR RIVER RAMPANT. 

The season of 1858 is remarkable for the high water which prevailed in the 
Cedar. The Iowa State Register of July 24, 1858, said : " During the last 
few days, one of the most deluging rain-storms that have ever occurred West 
took place in the valley of the Cedar, which has had the effect of raising the 
river to a prodigious height. We learn from the Black Hawk County Democrat, 
printed at Cedar Falls, that the rain fell during one night in sheets, and at day- 
light the sluiceway across Main street was found to be unable to carry off the 
water which fell in the upper part of the town. It burst over the street and 
finally found its way by Fourth and Fifth streets to the river. The amount of 
damage is estimated as high as $1,500. The cellars in that neighborhood were 
all filled, and the fences and out-houses along the path of the torrent were all 
swept away. The foundation wall of Mr. Bishop's store caved in, and the wall 



348 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

of Messrs. Fox & Henry's new building lost its perpendicularity. The bridge 
over Dry Run went oflF, and that portion of the village known as Germantown was 
entirely submerged. 

At Cedar City the water overflowed the town and swept away a two-story 
building, which was seen sailing down the river at Waterloo. 

At Waterloo about 200 feet of the embankment of the Dubuque & Pacific 
Railroad was swept away, and the water poured in torrents through two of the 
ravines on the west side, making havoc with wood and lumber piles, and inun- 
dating the lower portion of the town. Below Waterloo, the river overflowed its 
banks for a wide extent. 

Two weeks after the first freshet, another heavy storm occurred, which 
created a higher freshet than before ; and two weeks later, still another flood 
occurred. 

July 10, 1858, two young ladies — Miss Case and Miss Cusen — were drowned 
in the river at Waterloo. On the 20th, James Dyer was drowned in the bayou 
near Cedar City, and a man was drowned while attempting to cross the river 
at Gilbertville, about the same time. 

RAILROAD CONVENTION. 

In 1858, the people of the Cedar Valley were much agitated by the various 
railroad projects presented to them, and nearly every scheme met with favor. 
Among others was the building of a road from Cedar Rapids up the valley of 
the Cedar to Minnesota; and on the 15th of July, 1858, a Cedar River Valley 
Railroad convention was held at Waverly, Bremer County, which continued in 
session two days. A large number of delegates from Black Hawk, Linn, 
Benton, Floyd, Chickasaw and Mitchell Counties were in attendance, and 
L. B. Crocker, President of the Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad Com- 
pany, was present to give proper direction to the deliberations of the con- 
vention. 

Judge Maxwell, of Bremer County, was President of the convention. 
Among the Vice Presidents were Morris Case and William H. McClure, of 
Black Hawk, and Robert Gilchrist, of Benton. Among the editors selected 
for Secretaries were W. W. Harford, of the Vinton Eagle, and W. W. Had- 
dock, of the Waterloo Register. 

A Committee on Resolutions reported in favor of the organization of an 
independent company, composed of stockholders and Directors along the line of 
the road ; also for the commencement and completion of the road as soon as 
possible. During the discussion of this report, the delegates from Cedar Falls 
presented a proposition for the junction of the Cedar Falls and Minnesota with 
the Cedar Valley project, and labored hard to effect their purpose ; but the 
convention flatly refused to enter into any such arrangement, and determined to 
make the Cedar Valley Company entirely independent, and to run their line 
upon the straightest and most economical line from Cedar Rapids to the State 
line, crossing the Cedar River at Waterloo ; thence to Janesville, leaving Cedar 
Falls to the left, on the west side of the river. 

Articles of incorporation were drafted and adopted, and a Board of Directors 
elected, among Avhom were Sheldon Fox and George W. Couch, of Black Hawk ; 
J. C. Traer and Alex. Runyen, of Benton; L. B. Crocker, of New York; 
Charles Walker, William J. McAlpine, of Chicago, and Franklin Steele, of 
Minnesota. The Board of Directors elected L. B. Crocker, President ; W. P. 
Harmon, of Bremer, Vice President ; S. C. Bever, of Linn, Treasurer; W. W. 
Walker, Secretary, and Milo Smith, Chief Engineer. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 349^ 

The editor of the Waterloo Register, in the report of this convention, said : 
" By this it will be seen that the railroad policy of Cedar Valley is definitely 
settled, although we have no doubt it will be some time * * * before we 
shall have the pleasure of riding over the road. But * * it is to be built 
sometime, and upon the air-line principle as nearly as may be. Much will 
depend upon the people along the Valley, as they are to grade and tie the road 
themselves, without any assistance from abroad." 

STEAMBOAT NAVIGATION. 

In 1858, a steamboat of about one hundred tons capacity was built by citi- 
zens of Cedar Rapids for the Upper Cedar traffic, and named the " Black 
Hawk." That year is noted for the extreme high water, and almost all the 
season the Cedar was high enough for steamboat purposes. A boat was already 
running down the river from Cedar Rapids, and the intention was to con- 
nect with it there, although the freight had to be transferred on account of 
the dam. 

On the 8th of October, the '' Black Hawk " made its appearance at Water- 
loo amid the wildest excitement of its citizens, who fired salutes, ran up flags, 
and made other demonstrations of joy. The first landing was eflfected down be- 
low the island, and subsequently the boat was moved up to the bank near the 
livery stables. The boat was a stern-wheeler, with J. J. Snoufier, of Cedar 
Rapids, as Captain, and the first trip up was of several days' duration, as ob- 
structions had to be removed from the channel, and frequent stoppages were 
made to procure wood, etc. 

On the day following his arrival, Capt. Snouffer gave a free excursion to the 
citizens for a trip down the river. In the evening the citizens returned the 
compliment by giving the Captain and the officers of the boat a grand banquet 
at CapwelFs Hall, at which were speeches, toasts, responses and congratulations, 
and, presumably, the good cheer induced dreams of a custom house here, with 
direct trade established with all European ports. 

The news of the arrival of the steamboat excited the citizens of Cedar Falls 
almost as much as those of Waterloo. The dam across the river at the latter 
place, however, was an efi"ectual bar to any advance up the river, and the peo- 
ple of the former town did not relish the idea of having Waterloo stand at the 
head of navigation. Delegations w^ere sent to interview the Captain, and strong 
threats were made of tearing out the dam and raising Cain generally. But the 
Captain made a trial trip, with Andrew Mullarky, of Cedar Falls, at the bov/ 
to point out the way, and after spending several hours, it was demonstrated 
that the boat could not even reach the dam, and the citizens up above had to 
relinquish the idea of being a port of entry. 

Two or three trips were made before the close of navigation, and the boat 
was a great help to the town. Salt, which had formerly been sold at $8.00 per 
barrel, with only fifty cents profit, dropped down to $4.00, and other bulky ar- 
ticles in the same proportion. Freights from Chicago Avere reduced to seventy 
cents per hundred, which was very low for that time. Waterloo became the 
headquarters for the salt trade for all the points north and west. 

In 1859, trips were resumed and continued until the water got so low that it 
was impossible to make the ascent. The last trip the boat had to be unloaded at 
Gilbertville and her cargo then hauled by wagon to Waterloo. The boat was 
afterward taken back to Cedar Rapids, and what became of it is not known in 
this locality. 



-350 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



THE LAST INDIAN COUNCIL. 



The last meeting of the Indian tribes in this vicinity was on the 5th of Au- 
gust, 1858. Little Priest, a Winnebago Chief, with his band, had arrived at the 
forks of the Cedar late in July, and sent a messenger requesting the Potta- 
watomies to meet him. The Pottawatomies arrived opposite Janesville, and 
were ferried over, the river being very high. The Pottawatomie braves formed 
in battle array less than a mile north of James Newell's house, and marched 
toward the Winnebago tents in a column twelve deep, breaking into a circle 
every hundred yards, and firing their guns and beating drums. When 
they reached the Winnebago camp, they fired a salute and dismounted, the 
squaws taking care of the horses. A great feast was then served in a bower 
erected for the purpose. That night the Indians had a dance, witnessed by 
many of the white settlers. The next morning a council was held in the 
bower, which lasted about an hour, followed by a speech from Little Priest, 
about twenty minutes long, followed by the pipe being lighted by the Potta- 
watomie Chief, who passed it to Little Priest, and it went from mouth to mouth 
all round the tent. A lot of goods were then distributed. By this time nu- 
merous visitors had arrived from Waverly, Janesville, Cedar Falls and Water- 
loo, who asked to see a war dance, which the Indians refused, saying that they 
were to leave in half an hour. They packed up at once, and were all gone in the 
time announced. 

LETTER FROM A WINNEBAGO. 

While speaking of the Indians and their final disappearance from Black 
Hawk County, it may be well to remark that if the Indians never forgave an 
enemy, they seldom forgot a friend. 

The friendship between James Newell and the Winnebagoes was never dis- 
turbed, except in 1847, when one of the Indians stole a horse from Newell and 
sold the animal to a man named Way, a noted character of Benton County. 
Newell allowed himself to be fooled by another Indian, who offered, if Newell 
would give him a horse pistol, a blanket and one or two other articles, to go 
down to Way's, steal the horse and bring him back. Newell let him have the 
articles, and the Indian came back, in about a week, minus horse, pistol, 
blanket, and his own property as well. He did not get the horse as he had 
promised, but had enjoyed a huge drunk in Benton County. 

The following letter from Bradford L. Porter, one of the Winnebago Chiefs, 
to Newell is well worth reading, as it shows better than anything the historian 
can say the high regard the Indians had for this hardy, energetic pioneer: 

May 25th, 1864, Winnebago Agency. 
My Dear Friend — To James Newell: I received your letter the 24th of this month. I was 
vei-y glad to hear from you. My family, they like to go back to your place now very much. I 
have been tell them I will try go back soon ever I get money enough to start with. You stated 
to me you wanted to know if we are going to remove again or not. I think we shall 
remove to Big Sioux River some time next Fall. We don't know yet what time it may 
be — may be not until quite late, and may be some time this Summer, soon we get our 
payments — money and goods. Soon we get our money and goods, we shall start all 
down the river. Let the Agent stay here alone if he can do better may be without us 
this Summer. Our Agent he is down below yet, waiting for the steamboat come up the river 
so to he put all his goods on, provisions and all, fetch all right up with him at once. The boats 
they can't do much now. Since last week river beginning to rise about two feet now. They 
say going to be fifteen steamboats come up on this river very soon now for the Government. I 
have nothing of importance to write to you this time. My family they all well now ; we are 
doing very good now, so far, my family amd my brothers. I got my brother's wife in the school 
with me ; I allow her forty dollars a month ; she can get plenty to eat now. The next time you 
write to me be sure find out about how all the people feel toward the Winnebagoes tribes about 



- HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 351 

coming to Big Sioux River, toward in yoiir State of Iowa. If you think there is any danger for 
me coming back toward your place again, you just let me know how it go be. We can't live in 
this place, so we can't raise anything to eat. The Indians (the Sioux) they won't let our tribes 
hunt for one mile from agency, so all we got eat we get from Government. The chiefs they 
don't like it soon. The Winnebagoes got to no money and no goods, and can't live in to such 
•country where can't raise no corn. I want you to see to the people how they feel toward 
how our father at Washington has to use us. I can't use to the whites people to any such way. 
Now I am going close. Give my respects to all your family, hoping see each other some of 
these days. You please send me some postage stamps if you got any ; we can't get any very 
easy : since we got up the river too far one postage stamp c.)st to us twenty-tive cents apiece. 

My dear, good friend, I will bid to you good-by to you. I hope God will bless you. Your 
good friend, Bradford L. Porter. 

To James Newell. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 26, 1860, the petty 
dukedoms created by the County Judge system that had been on trial for ten 
years, were abolished. The powers of the County Judge were restricted to the 
€xercise of probate powers, and the government of the county was vested in a 
Board of Supervisors, consisting of one from each civil township, to be elected 
in October, and to assume the duties of their office in January following. The 
act went into effect July 4, 1860. The Supervisors were elected in the several 
townships at the October election, and the first Board of Supervisors of Black 
Hawk met at the office of the Clerk of the District Court, January 7, 1861, 
and was composed of the following members, viz.: M. H. Moore, Waterloo 
Township ; C. F. Jaquith, Cedar Falls ; M. Bailey, East Waterloo ; Jesse 
Wasson, Big Creek ; J. B. Orr, Spring Creek ; Levi Washburn, Poyner ; S. P. 
Babcock, Orange ; F. S. Tewksbury, Black Hawk ; D. W. Jordan, Washing- 
ton ; H. P. Homer, Bennington; Oscar Dunton, Barclay; D. E. Chapin, Fox; 
James Hempseed, Lester ; John Hackett, Union ; Gillson Gardner, Eagle ; J. 
H. Mead, Cedar ; Jefferson Jaquith, Mount Vernon. M. Bailey was elected 
■Chairman. 

THE JAIL. 

Among the first matters presented to the Board of Supervisors was a petition 
asking that an appropriation be made for the erection of a County Jail, which 
was presented January 9, and referred to the Committee on County Buildings 
and Property. The petitioners probably considered a jail a necessary adjunct 
of civilization, and that every well-ordered county should have one. For eight 
years they had been deprived of the safety supposed to be guaranteed to a com- 
munity by suitable provisions for restraining its lawless members, and the time 
had come when the want must be supplied. 

After due deliberation, and with an eye to economy, on the 10th of January, 
1861, the committee reported as follows: 

To the Board of Siiperinsors of Black Hawk County : 

Your committee to whom was referred the petition of C. D. Gray and others, asking this 
Board to take immediate steps to procure some suitable place for the confinement of criminals, 
lieg leave to report as follows : We find that the county is entirely without any sufficient place 
for the safe-keeping of public offenders, and that the county is continuously subject to very heavy 
bills of expense in procuring temporary places for the safe-keeping of such persons, demanding, 
as your committee believe, immediate action on the part of this Board to make some suitable 
arrangements therefor. We would therefore recommend that the room in the basement of the 
north corner of the Court House, originally contemplated for that purpose, be put in such con- 
dition as will meet the demands in the case. 

Your committee have not yet determined what, in their opinion, would be the best mode of 
doing the same, but would recommend that in case the report of this committee be adopted, a 
special committee be appointed, whose duty it shall be to superintend the work, and that they 
be instructed to limit their expenditures to four hundred dollars. All of which is respectfully 
submitted. J. Wasson, \ 

D. E. CiiAMPLiN, v Committee. 
M. H. MooEE. J 



352 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

If there had been extravagant expenditures in the construction of the Court 
House, the committee were determined that there should be none in providing 
a jail. The Board, however, evidently thinking that a four hundred dollar jail 
would be rather too cheap an affair, amended the report by substituting " six 
hundred " for " four hundred" dollars as the maximum cost of the county jail. 
As thus amended the report was accepted and the recommendations of the com- 
mittee were adopted. The next day, however, this action was reconsidered and 
the report was further amended by substituting "east " in place of ''north," 
so that it should read " the room in the basement of the east corner," etc, and 
as thus amended was again adopted. The Chairman of the Board appointed 
Messrs. Wasson, Champlin and Moore as the Special Committee to supervise 
the work. 

June 7, 1861, Mr. Moore reported to the Board that work was to be com- 
menced forthwith, and on the 2d day of September of the same year the com- 
mittee reported that they had caused to be built in the basement, as designated, 
two cells and one outer room, at a total cost of |391.48. 

This was providing the county with a jail at a trifling expense ; but it is 
questionable whether it is sound policy or true economy to have jails connected 
with Court Houses. Fayette County built a lock-up in one corner of her Court 
House, and the result was that a prisoner in escaping set fire to the building, 
and the county had to build a new Court House, besides losing many valuable 
records and papers that cannot be replaced. A fire is liable to originate in the 
Black Hawk County Jail, and the county be subjected to irreparable loss in con- 
sequence. Basements of Court Houses are not the best possible locations for 
jails. 

In April, 1861, commenced the war of the rebellion, and Black Hawk 
County was one of the foremost in the State to respond to the call of the Presi- 
dent, a more extended account of which will be found under the head of " War 
Record." 

LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 

June 6, 1861, by resolution, the Board of Supervisors set off Congressional 
Township 87 north of Range 14 west, from Black Hawk Township, as a new 
civil division of the county, called Lincoln Township, in which an election for 
township ofiicers was ordered to be held on the second Tuesday in October fol- 
lowing. At this election Samuel B, Roberts, Samuel Gibson and H. Beckwith 
were Judges, and Samuel Marston and William Wrought, Clerks, of the election. 
William Wrought, Samuel Gibson and J. Huckel were elected Trustees. 

It is said that the township received its name from the fact that at the Presi- 
dential election in 1860, there were fifteen voters in the toAvnship, every one of 
whom voted for Abraham Lincoln. 

The first settler in this township was Samuel Gibson. 

The Zion Baptist Church of Lincoln was organized in Eagle Township, on 
January 3, 1869, by Rev. J. W. Thompson, with ten members. William P. 
Thompson was its first and only Clerk. In the Winter of 1869-70, a pro- 
tracted meeting was held, during which twenty-one were added, and L. H. 
Thompson licensed to preach. June 15, 1870, a council met with the church 
and recognized it. Rev. D. S. Starr, of Cedar Falls, preached on the occa- 
sion. March 10, 1872, the place of meeting was changed to the school house, 
in sub-district No. 4, Lincoln Township. Present membership, forty. 

January 8, 1862, by order of the Board, all that portion of East Waterloo 
Township lying in Township 88, Range 13, was attached to Orange Township. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 353 

January 9, 1862, all that portion of Congressional Township 87, Range 11, 
lying south of Cedar River — then a portion of Spring Creek — was attached to 
Big Creek Township; and all that portion of Township 87, Range 12, lying on 
the east side of Cedar River — then a portion of Poyner Township — was attached 
to Spring Creek. But in June, the latter action was revoked, and the land 
re-annexed to Poyner Township. 

The Board met in special session February 27, 1863, to pass resolutions of 
respect to the memory of John Hackett, a member of the Board, who had died 
a short time previous. 

The Board of Supervisors early began to devise measures for providing for 
the support of those who were so unfortunate as to become objects of public 
charity. The purchase of a County Poor Farm, for the purpose of furnishing a 
comfortable home for this class, and also to furnish them with employment 
whereby they might earn at least a portion of the cost of their support, was 
considered advisable; but the Board did not wish to take the responsibility of 
appropriating public moneys for the purpose, without first submitting the ques- 
tion to the people. Accordingly, on the 8th day of June, 1865, a resolution 
was adopted, as follows: 

Resolved, That the Clerk of this Board be instructed to give legal notice to the voters of 
Black Hawk County, Iowa, that, at the next general election, in October next, a proposition will 
be submitted to said voters, authorizing the Board of Supervisors of said Black Hawk County to 
appropriate from the funds of said county a sum not to exceed $10,000 (ten thousand dollars), 
for the purpose of purchasing real estate in the name of the county of Black Hawk, Iowa, and 
improving the same, to be used for the benefit and purpose of supporting the paupers of the 
said county of Black Hawk. 

The election was held, as ordered, and resulted in favor of the proposed 
appropriation, by a vote of 1,125 to 273. 

January 4, 1866, the Board of Supervisors adopted the following resolution: 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the Board to select lands within the 
county of Black Hawk, State of Iowa, not to exceed 200 acres, and improve the same, in the 
name of said county of Black Hawk, for the purpose and to be used for the support of the pau- 
pers of said county of Black Hawk ; said purchase to be made with moneys to be appropriated 
by said county, as voted at the general election of said county, not to exceed $10,000. And the 
Clerk of this Board be authorized to issue county warrants, bearing 10 per cent, interest, for the 
same, to said Committee of Three, not to exceed $10,000. 

The committee was to be paid $2.50 per day. 

Messrs. C. May, A. A. Alline and H. W. Abbey were appointed as the 
committee provided in the above resolution ; but for some reason they resigned 
on the same day on which they were appointed, and a new committee, consisting 
of William Gilchrist, N. Hitchcock and A. Vittam, was elected. This commit- 
tee Avas further authorized to employ a suitable person for Superintendent of 
the Poor Farm, when it should be ready for occupancy. 

June 5, 1866, the committee reported that it had examined a number 
of farms, but had selected and purchased the farm owned by Mr. Russell, on 
the west side of the Cedar River, containing 120 acres, at $30 per acre ; and that 
Mr. Russell had executed a warranty deed of the premises ; that the committee 
had requested the Clerk to issue bonds therefor, but it was discovered that the 
Board had no legal authority to issue bonds, and Mr. Russell refused to accept 
the warrants provided for by the resolution of January 4. This was the offi- 
cial record. 

The report was accepted and the committee discharged. It is said that this 
bargain was not consummated because Mr. Russell refused to take county war- 
rants at their face; he would take them at a discount, but the committee were 
not authorized to comply with this demand. 



354 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The purchase of a farm appears to have been abandoned with this failure to 
consummate the trade with j\ir. Russell. But on the 5th day of September, 
another committee was appointed, consisting of Messrs. William Gilchrist, D. 
E. Champlin and C. May, "to purchase a lot, not exceeding twenty acres, for 
poor purposes. 

September 5, 1866, a committee was appointed to purchase a lot not exceed- 
ing twenty acres for poor purposes ; Wm. Gilchrist, D. E. Champlin and C. 
May, Committee. 

Tuesday, January 8, 1867, this Committee reported that they had purchased 
the private residence of Mr. Gilchrist (Block 21, Lots 1, 2, 3 and 4), for $3,500. 
Mr. Gilchrist was a member of the Purchasing Committee and it is said suc- 
ceeded in making a bargain advantageous to himself, with himself. 

January 8, 1868, the Directors of the Poor House (Samuel D. Shaw and 
W. F. Bunn) reported that an addition to the house had been built at a cost of 
$1,320.68. 

A portion of the county poor are provided for at this house, but many are 
relieved by Township Trustees and by the county in addition to those then 
furnished with a home at the County Poor House. The first Superintendent 
was H. A. Henderson, who served until 1877, when he was succeeded by 
George K. Beal. 

January 9, 1867, on petition of citizens, the Board ordered that that por- 
tion of East Waterloo Township known as Cedar City be annexed to Cedar 
Falls Township. 

On Saturday, July 21, 1866, the people of Black Hawk County were 
excited by the startling intelligence that a little girl 3J years old, daughter of 
Mr. Barney E. Wheeler, of Lester Township, had unaccountably disappeared. 
About 9 o'clock A. M. of that day, she and her brother, several years older, 
went to carry some water to their father who was at work in the field about 
sixty rods from the house. Their errand performed, the children started to 
return to the house. The little girl was a little slow in her movements, and 
her brother became impatient and went home, leaving her to take her time. Mrs. 
Wheeler asked him where he left his sister, and he told her, " at the edge of 
the cornfield." As the little one did not come in, her mother went out to the 
spot where the little boy said he left her, but she was not there. Mr. Wheeler 
was called from his work, and both commenced search, having become thoroughly 
alarmed ; but no trace of the lost one could be found. The neighborhood was 
alarmed, and by 3 o'clock P. M. all the neighbors in the vicinity were engaged in 
the search. During that night men were stationed all around the houses for 
several miles who were listening eagerly to hear the cries of the child. The 
next morning two men said they thought they heard cries near a slough in 
the vicinity, but a thorough search in that locality revealed nothing. On Sun- 
day, the whole county was aroused and at least 200 people, mostly on horse- 
back, were engaged in the search, but not a trace of the missing child could be 
found. It was as if the little one had been removed from the face of the earth. 
On Monday the excitement and sj'mpathy for the mysteriously bereaved family 
became intense. All work was thrown aside, for everybody felt that to aid in 
the search for the lost one was a sacred duty. From all parts of the county, 
and from Bremer, the people gathered. From twenty-five to one hun- 
dred men went every day from Waterloo alone, and for ten days the most 
vigorous search was maintained. The county was swept for miles by mounted 
men and men on foot, and every foot of ground supposed to be carefully 
examined. Several large fields of grain were trampled down, and the prairie 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. ^ 355 

grass and hazel brush flattened to the ground for miles, but yet no trace of the 
lost one. The most exaggerated reports were in circulation. Now, a lightning 
rod man had seen a child crying at the road side, and now, somebody had seen 
her with two men in a wagon traveling northward ; now, she had been seen and 
described by a lady in Fayette County ; anon, was heard from in Minnesota. 
" One thing is evident," said the Waterloo Courier of the 2d of August, " the 
child must be some distance from home, for everything has been searched within 
four or five miles around the house." Mr. Wheeler, although a poor man, 
offered $300 reward for information that would lead to the discovery of his 
daughter. As the people became satisfied that the child had been spirited away 
and would not be found in the vicinity of home, the search was abandoned ; but 
Mr. Wheeler continued to follow the rumors as long as his money held out. 
George Barker, of Lester, followed the trail of the team driven by a man wha 
had been seen with the child, to the Mississippi River at Dubuque, and visited 
every ferry and crossing from that point to the mouth of Yellow River, but 
was compelled to return home without discovering any trace of the object of his 
search. 

On Saturday morning, November 3d, Mr. Siple, a neighbor of the Wheelers, 
was engaged in trapping near his house, when his attention was attracted to a 
little clump of hazel bushes surrounded by some tall grass, by the singular con- 
duct of his dog. Here, upon examination, he found the bones of a child ; the 
clothing, however, was in a good state of preservation and enabled him to 
identify the remains as those of the little child who had so mysteriously disap- 
peared more than three months before. The spot was about one-fourth of a 
mile from Mr. Siple's house, and only about a mile and a quarter from Mr. 
Wheeler's ; and it is among the mysteries that are difficult to solve to under- 
stand how the spot could have escaped discovery during the minute and 
extended search made in July and August. 

January 11, 1867, the county authorities authorized the County Treasurer 
to pay a bounty of 10 cents for each pocket-gopher scalp presented. These 
little pests had become so numerous and so injurious to the agricultural interests 
of the county, that for several years about $1,000 annually was paid out for 
bounties on these little animals. 

June 10, 1875, the Board of Supervisors authorized the payment of a bounty 
of 10 cents for each gray and 5 cents for each striped gopher presented during a 
term of sixty days. 

The first bridge across the Cedar in this county was built by subscription 
by G. W. Couch, contractor. It was constructed on wooden piers, and was 
opened to the public in Septemoer, 1859. In 1864 or '65, two spans of this 
bridge fell and were replaced ; but in the freshet soon afterward, the entire 
structure was swept away. June 6, 1866, the County Board appropriated 
$5,000 to build a new bridge across the river at this point, which was completed 
in 1867 at a cost of $9,269.75. Four years afterward, in 1871, it was 
found necessary to provide for a better and more permanent structure, and 
August 16, 1871, the County Supervisors 

Ordered, That the sum of $8,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be appropriated 
out of the bridge fund to build necessary abutments, and not more than four piers, for a new 
bridge on the site of the present bridge across the Cedar River, in the city of Waterloo; and that 
the Board of Supervisors act in Committee of the Whole to receive proposals, and let the contract 
in whole or in part for furnishing material and for building said abutments and piers. 

September 6, 1871, in the matter of the Waterloo bridge, the Board not 
having authority to appropriate more than $12,000 for any one bridge, and 



556 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

having already appropriated $8,000 for building the abutments and piers, 
submitted the question of appropriating $18,000 for the superstructure to 
a vote of the people, at the general election on the second Tuesday in October, 
1871. 

September 9, 1871, on petition of the citizens of Waterloo, it was ordered 
that the east end of the new bridge be at the center of the county road, and that 
the west end be at the center of Bridge street, as near as practicable. 

December 4, 1871, a canvass of the election showed that there were 892 
votes for the appropriation for Waterloo bridge, and 912 against said appropria- 
tion. Appropriation lost. 

January 3, 1872, the Board appropriated $4,700 (the limit allowed by law) 
for Waterloo bridge. 

Feb. 17, 1872, an appropriation of $14,000 was made for the construction 
of the Waterloo bridge, and A. T. Weatherwax, H. B. Allen, and L. A. Cobb, 
were authorized to receive proposals for the building of the same. This Com- 
mittee was instructed to report the proposals to the County Bridge Commis- 
sion, who were authorized to award the same. 

The contract was awarded to the Ohio Bridge Company, and April 11, 1872, 
A further appropriation of $1,900 was made. Work was commenced on the 
bridge and completed in the Summer and Fall of 1872, probably in Septem- 
ber, as on the 4th of that month the Board ordered warrants to be drawn in 
favor of the Ohio Bridge Company in payment for building the Waterloo bridge. 

IRON BRIDGE AT CEDAR FALLS. 

December 17, 1872, $11,000 Avas appropriated for an iron bridge at Cedar 
Falls, the County Bridge Commissioners to award the contract, and G. B. Van 
Saun, A. S. Smith and E. Townsend appointed to superintend the building of 
the same. 

June 12, 1868, the Committee on County Buildings and Property reported 
as follows: 

* * * We would further recommend to this Board the building of a house or the 
procuring of one suitable for the Sheriff to live in, near the jail, that he may be better prepared 
to take charge of the jail and prevent the escape of prisoners — said house to cost not more than 
|1,000. * * A. T. Webster, 

S. A. Cobb, 
D. E. Champlin, 

Commtttee. 

This report was laid on the table until next session, but on the 10th of Sep- 
tember was taken up and adopted. The site for the proposed house Avas desig- 
nated as the northeast corner of the Court House lot, by the Board, and Messrs. 
D. E. Champlin and VV. F. Brown were appointed to superintend its erection. 
Work was commenced at once, and pushed so energetically that the Sheriff's 
domicile was completed in December, 1868. 

Three children, sons of Israel Scroggy, of Cedar Township, were drowned 
Feb. 16, 1869, in a small pond about eighty rods north of the Doxie School 
House. It was at noon, and the boys of the school were engaged in throwing a 
ball across the pond, the teacher, George S. Bishop, participating. The teacher 
threw the ball, which William and Wesley Scroggy ran out upon the pond to 
catch, when the ice broke, letting them into the water, which was six or eight 
feet deep. Abram ran out to try and save them, but was pulled in by William. 
An effort was made by another boy, named Johnson, to get them out, but it was 
a failure. After being in the water three-quarters of an hour, the boys were 
taken out by Thomas Doxie and Abraham Turner. 




«^^/l?^^/^ 



/(UFtSKRXmi\N 

CEDAR FALLS , 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 359 

The following unique document is found in the early probate records of 
Benton County, and is given verbatim et literatim. 

State of Iowa, Benton Cointt, ss : This is to certify that I hereby commit the guard- 
ianship of Lidia Ann Willard to Jackson Taylor, until she attains the age of eighteen years of 
age if he should so long live, if not otherwise ordered by the Judge of Probate of said County 
and the Jackson Tailor to have full power and authority to sue for demand of and have all 
powers granted to guardians by law. Given under mj hand and seal this the 7th day of May, 
A. D. 1847, James Mitchel Judge of Probate of Benton Co.. State of Iowa. 

James Mitchel, Judge, ef Probate. 

Know all men by these presents that I, Jackson Tailor and Erasmus D. Adams are helde 
and stands firmly bound to the people of the State of Iowa for the use of Lidia Ann Willard in 
the sum of fifty dollars The condition of the above obligation is such that if the above bound 
Jackson Tailor, who has been appointed guardian for Lidiann Willard shal fithfully discharge 
the office and trust of such guardian according to law and shall render a fair and just ace 
of his said guardianship to the Couri of Probate for the County of Benton from time to time as 
he shal thereto be required by said Courte and comply with all orders of said Courte lawfully 
made relative to the good.* chattels and moneys of such minor and render and pay to such all 
moneys goods and chattels title, papers and effects which may come to the hands or possession 
of such guardian belonging to such minor when such minor shall thereto be entitled or to any 
subsequent guardian should such Courte so direct this obligation shall be void or otherwise to 

remain in full force and virtue this the day of May 1847. 

Jackson Tailor, [Seal.] 

Erasmus D. Adams, [Seal.] 

Approved by the Judge of Probate James Michel this the 28th day of May, 1847. 

James Mitchel, Judge of Probate. 

Filde this the 28th day of May, 1847. 

I do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true coppy of the papers that came to my pos- 
session in the office of Probate Court in the Guardianship of Lydia Ann W'illard, ward of Jack- 
son Tailor. 

Given under my hand this 20th day of Jan. A. D. 1852. 

John S. Forsyth, County Judge. 

POST OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 

Cedar Falls. — Demsey C. Overman, Jan. 3, 1850 ; Edwin Brown, Nov. 
11, 1851; Andrew Mullarky, April 14, 1853; Sylvester H. Packard, Sept. 
16, 1856 ; Robt. P. Speer, Alarch 2, 1858 ; Andrew Mullarky, March 29, 
1858 ; Geo. M. Harris, March 20, 1861 ; Henry A. Perkins, March 14, 1865 ; 
Wm. H. McClure, Aug. 20, 1866 ; Fred. Boehmler, March 20, 1867 ; Wm. 
M. Morrison, May 13, 1869 ; Chas. W. Snyder, Jan. 13, 1876. 

Waterloo.— Qho.^. Mullan, Dec. 29, 1851 ; Levi Aldrich, Aug. 12, 1854 ; 
Julius C. Hubbard, March 23, 1855 ; Seneca Cleveland, July 1, 1861 ; Jere- 
miah P. Evans, Nov. 2, 1866 ; Horace Barron, March 20, 1867 ; Miss Marion 
Champlin, March 26, 1869 ; Wm. H. Hartman, March 10, 1873 ; Wm. H. 
Hartman (re-appointed), March 16, 1877. 

Eliza.— D. G. Ellis, May 20, 1852 ; John G. Forbes, Jan. 12, 1853 ; Na- 
than S. Merrill, Dec. 24, 1855 ; discontinued Nov. 18, 1856. 

Enterprise.-^T>^mQ\ B. Feeter, Sept. 27, 1853 ; Hutchinson M. Smith, 
July 23, 1862 ; Wm. Fike, Nov. 16, 1870 ; Harriet Smith, Nov. 19, 1872. 

Elk i2«?i.— Daniel G. Ellis, Oct. 1, 1853 ; discontinued July 18, 1856. 

Knox. — Manuel E. Mallo, June 15, 1855. Changed to Gilhertville. — Au- 
gustus Kammann, June 3, 1858; Benj. Winsett, Aug. 10, 1859; Peter Fel- 
ton, Sept. 13, 1861 ; Benj. Winsett, Dec. 13, 1865 ; Matthew Miller, Oct. 6, 
1873. 

La Porte City. — Jesse Wasson, July 18, 1855 ; Lewis Turner, December 
28, 1857 ; Wm. L. Fox, February 10, 1858 ; Cyrus C. Charles, Mav 2, 1861; 
Geo. W. Hayzlett, April 13, 1863; Thomas Bunton, October 16, 1863; Geo. 
W. Hayzlett, March 12, 1868 ; John R. Stebbins, January 9, 1874. 



360 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Barclay. — Israel B. Cowan, September 5, 1855 ; Jacob Wolf, November 
27, 1855 ; James Muncey, October 12, 1858 ; Adam Giget, July 1, 1863 ; 
James Muncey, August 23, 1864 ; Edward Basse, March 26, 1867. 

Cedar Valley.— Thomas R. Points, March 28, 1856 ; Philander T. Mead, 
July 17, 1856 ; Cicero Close, July 9, 1857 ; Jeremiah Gay, December 22, 
1867 ; Cicero C. Close, March 1, 1870. 

Blakeville. — Barzilar G. Updike, June 18, 1856 ; James Rodgers, May 
11, 1865. 

Lester. — John Cook, July 24, 1856 ; Jonathan R. Owen, October 21, 
1859 ; Levi J. Schrack, January 28, 1862 ; Sbirburn D. Presba, October 17, 
1867 ; Chas. A. Harrington, January 21, 1868 ; Samuel H. Kayler, June 2, 
1873. 

Hudson. — Lyman Pierce, July 30, 1857 ; Rufus W. Wass, January 28, 
1864 ; Philander B. Curtiss, July 13, 1874. 

3Iillers Creek. — Elizabeth Roberts, March 3, 1870 ; Hannah Bateman, 
March 21, 1871. 

Midlarkys G-rove. — Joshua A. Hooker, March 15, 1858; George L. 
Zabriskie, May 14, 1849 ; Levi Washburn, September 9, 1861. Changed to 
Raymond., February 27, 1862. 

Rayynond. — Harvey T. Hume, December 10, 1863 ; Geo. Edginton, June 
2, 1865; Henry D. Gould, September 27, 1865; Levi B Cook, October 12, 
1869 ; Elva C. Walsh, November 30, 1875. 

Filkins Grove. — John T. Mills, June 17, 1858. Discontinued September 
20, 1858. 

Perry Valley. — T. W. Boardman, November 13, 1858. Changed to 
Buchanan County. 

East Waterloo. — Roswell Baker, November 13, 1858 ; Samuel P. Brainard, 
February 4, 1860 ; James A. Fry, July 6, 1861 ; discontinued March 27, 
1862. 

Energy. — Aaron L. Burgess, December 30, 1861 ; discontinued November 
13, 1863. 

Finehford. — George W. Collins, November 16, 1870 ; John Ferguson, July 
19, 1872 ; Milton G. Finch, April 21, 1873. 

Sunny Side. — John B. Masters, November 11, 1873 ; Mrs. Ellen Walker, 
December 17, 1873 ; Geo. Frink, November 16, 1874. Now in Buchanan 
County. 

Nantville. — Thomas H. Fitch, September 16, 1861. Late in Bremer County. 

ECLIPSE OF THE SUN. 

Cedar Falls being within the line of totality of the great eclipse of August 
7, 1869, observers for the Smithsonian Institution were sent hither from Dubuque. 
From their report the following extract is made : 

At the store of Wise & Bryant, the average temperature, in the shade, before the eclipse was 
74°, which, at the period of totality, fell to 67°. 

At the Orphans' Home, the first contact was at 3 o'clock 53 minutes and 9i seconds ; last 
contact, 5 o'clock 53 minutes and 42 seconds ; duration, 2 hours 32J seconds. Total phase lasted 
63| seconds, with a variation from 71 seconds, at one and a half miles southeast of the Orphans' 
Home, to 51 seconds in the city. 

The corona was well defined. The moments of immersion and emersion of the sun were 
startlingly instantaneous, and were of such thrilling interest to behold as to require no ordinary 
power of attention to secure accuracy in recording the period of duration. During the time, 
dew deposited plentifully on the grass. 

At the southwest, the darkness was of the blackest charncter, while at the northeast, through 
a lurid haze, trees could be seen basking in the dim sunlight in the vicinity of Janesville, ten or 
twelve miles distant. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 361 

The best description was furnished by an amateur observer, Hon. Peter 
Melendy, who says : 

We had chosen for our point of observation one of the highest in Black Hawk County 
where we could get a full view of Cedar Falls and the surrounding country. From the elevated 
position selected, we could count four hundred distinct farm houses, and could discover objects 
in five counties, viz.. Black Hawk, Grundy, Butler, Bremer and Buchanan. It is claimed, also 
that, in favorable and clear weather, the woods near Indepindence, thirty miles off, can be seen 
with the naked eye. ********^ 

When the sun was about half hidden by the dark disk of the moon, our attention was called 
to the appearance of the sky in the north. A gloom was thrown over all the landscape, and the 
sky was of a deep, dense, black blue — particularly the horizon — as if a terrible storm was 
approaching. The trees in the distance had lost their lively verdure, the golden wheat fields had 
a dull, sickly color, and the gradual approach of darkness became impressive. The sunlight in 
the south and southeast had become much weakened ; it had that unearthly greenish and reddish 
gloomy, sickly, faint aspect, making the contrast between the sky in the north and in the south' 
very great. It appeared as if the sky was descending to the grouml and the horizon contracting. 
As we could see for miles to the north and east, the sight was grand, beaatiful, inspirino- awe 
and wonder. 

As the eclipse advanced to within a few seconds of the total observation, the scene became 
intensely intei-esting, particularly at the north. The big woods and the timber in the vallev of 
the Cedar had lost their beautiful verdure, and looked like outlines of dark pictures in' an 
unfamiliar country. It was a magnificent sight; not quite as dark as night, but it appeared as if 
the sky at the north was putting on a deep blue black ; the sky to the south, near the horizon 
was a brownish yellow. *-x-*****^ 

We look around us now on the countenances of those of our party. All wear a look of 
wonder and anxiety, watching for the approach of the moon's shadow. Suddenly, one of the 
party shouted, " There it is 1 the shadow 1 " The awful shadow of the moon was approachino- 
us at a velocity of a mile a second from the west, as a dark, vast mass or column, or cloud as the 
description had been given us. How grand this sight was, as the mighty shadow swept onward 
to the east I 

The approach and recession of the shadow was not uniform, but dark stripes appeared flut- 
tering across the landscape and the edges appeared tremulous ; and one of our party, who was 
looking at the eclipse just as the last visible ray disappeared, says it is like a flicker of a candle 
going out. It seemed but a second before we were immersed in the shadow, and. as near as we 
could calculate, the shadow was thirty to forty seconds passing over, from the time when first 
seen until it had passed away. 

Now comes the grand sight I In an instant the panorama is chajiged The d irk clouds that 
were at the north changed positions to the south, which was as black as the darkness of night. 
To the north and northeast, covering one-third of the visible horizon, we could see objects plainly 
beyond the disk on the distant landscape. All above is of a deep blue, or black ; to the south 
and southwest, a deep jet black, while at the north, a mellow, faint yellowish or brimstone color 
and beautiful, the wheat fields waving with the golden grain, the varied hues of green, with the 
white farm houses dotted here and there, appeared. Above us, now, were the twinkling stars 
glittering in all their glory, in the broad, dark zone — night — with the stars above us to south and 
west of us ; and to the north and east of us, ten or twelve miles, old Sol shining on the land- 
scape, and the dark, deep shadow sleeping on the southwest in all its blackness. What a variety 
of views we can take in with one scanning of the eye ! Around and over us, we cannot describe 
it. At this moment we have to the southeast, south and west, the blackness of a terrible storm • 
to the north, the distant objects have a fine yellow hue, and to the east, a fine purple color, and 
the deep blue overhead, with stars peeping out, with the sun entirely hid, with the beautiful 
faint crown of light apparently surrounding the moon, with the faint streaks, like jets of flame 
are seen protruding from the edge. The coolness was great, as the temperature had fallen some 
twenty degrees. 

The sight was certainly much finer from our point of observation than farther to the center • 
for we had the effect uf the totality a sufficient length of time to get the full benefit of it, with 
the addition of seeing the sunlight on the distant parts of the landscape beyond the northern 
boundary ; and as the restoration began, the landscape became more beautiful, the striking con- 
trast of the glorious and sublime spectacle of the light on the distant landscape as it beo-an to 
play among the golden fields and the distant hills and forests, it were as if a flood of grliteful 
and cheering brightness had fallen into the Cedar Valley with a sweet, mellow tinge and power 
beyond description. It was a sudilen and amazing change from the dark and gloomy appearance 
of a few moments before. 

THE CIRCUIT COURT. 

By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, entitled " An act to establish 
Circuit and General Term Courts, and to define the powers and duties thereof," 



362 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

approved April 3, 1868, each Judicial District in the State was divided into two 
circuits, and the office of Circuit Judge was created to be elected at the general 
election in November, 1868, for a terra of four years. Circuit Courts were 
endowed with exclusive jurisdiction of all probate matter, and of all actions and 
proceedings in which County Judges have previously had jurisdiction, and also 
in all appeals and writs of error from Justices' Courts, Mayors' Courts, and all 
other inferior tribunals, either in civil or criminal cases, and concurrent jurisdic- 
tion with the District Court in foreclosures, etc. The counties of Buchanan, 
Black Hawk and Grundy were constituted the second circuit of the Ninth Judi- 
cial District ; and terms were established in Black Hawk on the first Monday 
in February, fourth Monday in June, first Monday in October and fifth Mon- 
day in November for the year 1869. 

The first term of the Circuit Court in Black Hawk County was held at the 
Court House, February 1, 1869 ; present, Sylvester Bagg, Judge presiding ; 
W. F. Brown, Sheriff, and G. A. Eberhart, Clerk. 

The office of County Judge was abolished ; but that officer became ex officio 
County Auditor. 

COUNTY AUDITOR. 

By an act entitled '' An act to provide for the election of County Auditors, 
and define their poAvers and duties, and making County Judges ex ojfficio County 
Auditors," approved April 7, ]868. it was provided that at the general election 
preceding the expiration of the term of office of County Judges then in office, 
a County Auditor should be elected, whose term of office should commence on 
the 1st of January thereafter and continue two years. After January 1, 1869, 
the County Judge was made ex officio County Auditor until the election and 
qualification of such office. The County Auditor was made Clerk of the Board 
of Supervisors, etc. Under this act, Daniel W. Foote, County Judge, became 
ex officio County Auditor of Black Hawk January 1, 1869, and was elected his 
own successor. 

COUNTY SUPERVISOR. 

By " An act to amend Article 2 of Chapter 22 of the revision of 1860," 
etc., approved April 14, 1870, the cumbrous Board of Township Supervisors 
was abolished and a Board of three County Supervisors established instead, to be 
elected at the general election in 1870, and assumed the control of county affairs 
on the first Monday in January, 1871. Under the act in October, 1870, 
Cicero Close, George B. Van Saun and A. T. Weatherwax were elected, who 
assembled in January, 1871, and organized by the election of Cicero Close, 
Chairman. At the November election, 1872, the people voted that the num- 
ber of Supervisors of Black Hawk County should be increased to seven. The 
additional members thus added were elected in October, 1873, and took their 
seats in January, 1874. 

CRIMINAL CASES. 

One of the most noted criminal cases in the annals of Black Hawk County 
was the attempted murder of Byron Wright at Cedar City, by Almira 
Stickley, January 6, 1873. Mr. Wright was teaching the public school at that 
village, and was, up to that date, boarding with Mrs. Stickley, at the solicita- 
tion of her daughter. Finding the place unpleasant, he had decided to remove 
to Mr. Kingsley's, and had notified the Stickleys of the proposed change on the 
morning noted above, just before starting to his school. He had slept late that 
morning and did not wait for breakfast. At recess, he returned to Mrs. Stick- 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. S63 

ley's for something to eat, and while eating his lunch, Almira Stickley 
approached from behind and fired a revolver at his head, the bullet penetrating 
his brain. Wright rose from the table, fell to the floor, regained his feet and 
attempted to leave the room, but was prevented by Richard George, a lover of 
Almira's. He then went to the window for air, and while standing there, was 
shot in the left side of the head by George. Almira and George then drove 
hurriedly to Cedar Falls, and the girl excitedly related to James Taggart what 
they had done. The pair were arrested a few minutes afterward. 

Wright was able to stagger to the school house and tell what had befallen 
him. He was taken to Mr. Davidson's house, and the next day was removed 
to Waterloo. 

The subsequent statement of the Stickleys was that Almira was in love 
with Wright, and was determined to marry or kill him, in which she was 
abetted by the mother. George had been anxious to secure the girl for some 
time, and his motive for becoming an accomplice in the attempted murder 
is apparent. The bullet in Wright's head was not extracted till the following 
August. 

Mrs. Stickley was convicted at Vinton in March, 1873, for complicity in 
the attempt to murder Wright, and sentenced to the penitentiary for nine 
years. Almira was sentenced to the Reform School for one year. 

Wright afterward removed to Johnson County and married. He obtained 
a situation in the Iowa City public school, but soon after became insane. He 
was harmless in his insanity, and was allowed to remain at Waterloo, whither 
his fj-iends took him. As predicted at the tim.e he was shot, he died from the 
effects of the wound July 2(3, 1875. 

The Stickleys appealed from the judgment of Judge Shane, and were for 
some time at large on bail, pending the decision of the appeal, which was 
adverse to them. Their bail then surrendered them to underaro the sentence 
pronounced. 

George had previously forfeited his bail and had fled the State. 

On the morning of April 5, 1873, the body of an infant wos found in Cedar 
River, below Cedar Falls. April 29th, William Riley and Ursula Spangler were 
indicted for the murder of the child. Miss Spangler took change of venue to 
Bremer County. Riley Avas tried in Black Hawk, and on the 3d day of 
October, 1873, Judge D. S. Wilson rendered judgment that the said William 
Riley be imprisoned at hard labor in the penitentiary of the State of Iowa, at 
Fort Madison, for the term of his lifetime, or life, and that he pay the costs of 
the prosecution, taxed at $227. 

INCIDENTS AND CASUALTIES. 

The farmers of Washington Township in the Spring of 1860 manufactured 
about $1,500 worth of maple sugar and syrup. The same community sowed 
over a thousand acres of wheat the same season. 

Christopher Close, of Cedar Township, lost a new house, almost completed, 
by fire August 15, 1860, caused by the tinners who were putting on the eaves- 
troughs, allowing a soldering iron to ignite some shavings. The building had 
cost about $1,500. 

The residence of George Tuttle, of Mount Vernon, was destroyed by fire 
Jan. 13, 1865, the loss being about $500, 

Sept. 19, 1869, John Geyer, of Mount Vernon Township, was killed by a 
blow from a stick of wood in the hands of Henry Burke, at the house of Con- 
rad Paul, where a party had assembled. Both had been drinking. 



364 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

April 21, 1872, Michael Ulrich, of Washington Township, committed sui- 
cide by shooting himself in the breast with a gun. He was 25 years old, and 
left a wife and one child. 

William Graves, who lived with his mother about four miles north of Cedar 
Falls, while out hunting on Sunday, Aug. 11, 1872, was accidentally killed by 
his own gun. He had been lying down, and on arising the contents of the gun 
were lodged in his breast. 

Jan. 31, 1873, the dwelling of L. B. Corwin, seven miles northwest of 
Cedar Falls, was destroyed by fire, the loss being $600, partially covered by 
insurance. 

James Anderson, of Washington Township, Oct. 6, 1875, lost his dwell- 
ing, worth about $4,000, by fire. 

Jan. 28, 1876, John Carroll, of Washington Township, was thrown from a 
loaded wagon and killed by one of the forward wheels crushing his skull before 
he could extricate himself. 

George Emmert, a young man living near La Porte, was fataPy stabbed by 
Samuel Pray Feb. 7, 1876. All were attending church. Pray and his com- 
panions had been pulling Emmert's hair, and on his objecting they dared him out 
to fight. In the scuffle which followed, Emmert was stabbed in the lungs, dying 
in eight minutes. 

Otto Kutter, of German, committed suicide in the cemetery at Waterloo by 
shooting himself in the breast with a pistol, Oct. 1, 1876. 

In May, 1868, Mr. Jacob Hoffman discovered a deposit of peat six miles 
northwest of Waterloo. 

COUNTY OFFICERS. 

County Judges. — Jonathan R. Pratt, 1853, died June 1855 ; John Randall, 
1855-7 ; Julius C. Hubbard, 1857-9 ; George W. Couch, 1860-61 (confined to 
Probate duties after 1861) ; S. D. Shaw, 1862-7 ; Daniel W. Foote, 1868-9 
(office abolished January 1, 1870). 

Treasurers and Recorders. — Aaron Dow, 1853-5 ; 0. E. Hardy, 1855, 
January, 1856; Francis B. Davidson, 1856-7; A. C. Bunnell, 1857-65. 

Treasurers.— :io\m Elwell, 1866-7 ; R. A. Whitaker, 1868-75 ; David B. 
Washburn, 1876. 

Recorders.— :i2.me^ W. McClure, 1865-72 ; C. B. Stillson, 1873. 

Clerks of District Courts. — John H. Brooks, 1853, resigned April 4, 1854 ; 
Luther L. Peas, 1854 ; Martin Bailey, 1854-5 ; Morrison Bailey, 1855-6 ; J. 
B. Severance, 1856-60 ; Dempster J. Coleman, 1861-6 ; A. G. Eberhart, 
1867-72 ; J. C. Gates, 1873. 

Slieriffs. — John Virden, 1853-5 ; Benjamin F. Thomas, 1855-7 ; John 
Elwell, 1857-9-60 and '61 ; W. F. Brown, 1862-73; George W. Hayzlett, 
1874. 

Prosecuting Atto7'neys. — William L. Christie, 1853 ; R. P. Spear, 1854 ; 
A. F. Brown, 1854 ; John Randall, 1854-5 ; William Haddock, 1855-6 ; Wra. 
H. McClure, 1856 ; S. W. Rawson, 1857 (superseded by District Attorney). 

School Fund Commissioners. — H. H. Fowler, 1853-4 ; Stephen A. Bishop, 
1854 (office abolished in 1855). 

County Surveyors. — Charles Mullan, 1853-5 ; George W. Miller, 1855-9; 
M. L. Tracey, 1860-62 ; Geo. W. Miller, 1863-5 ; J. Ball, 1866-7 ; E. A. 
Snyder, 1868-73 ; E. Rodenberger, 1874. 

Drainage Commissioners. — Norman L. Jackson, 1853—5 ; Thomas R. 
Points, 1855-7 ; J. W. Holmes, 1857-9 ; Jacob Wolf, 1860 ; A. G. Ban- 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 365 

nister, 1861-2; S. R. Crittenden, 1863-5 ; J. A. Loatwell, 1866. (Office 
abolished. 

Superintendents of Schools. — Truman Steed, 1859-61 ; M. H. Moore, 
1862-8 ; George Ordway, 1864-5 ; J. C. Gates, 1866-7 ; Seymour Gookins, 
1868-9 ; E. G. Miller, 1870 ; A. H. %e, 1870-71 ; W. H. Brinkerhoff, 
1872-3 ; A. F. Townsend, 1874-5 ; James S. George, 1876. 

County Auditor. — Daniel W. Foote, 1870. 

Deputies.— 5. C. Gates, 1870-72 ; W. A. Cottrell, 1873. 

SUPERVISORS — (township SYSTEM). 

For 1861.— M. Bailey, Chairman; C. F. Jaquith, M. H. Moore, Jesse 
Wassen, J. B. Orr, Levi Washburn, S. P. Babcock, F. S. Tewksbury, D. W. 
Jordan, H. P. Homer, Oscar Dunton, D. E. Champlin, James Hempseed, John 
Hackett, Gardiner, J. H. Mead, J. Jaquith. 

1862.— M. H. Moore, Chairman ; F. B. Carpenter, 0. 0. St. John, J. 
Wasson, J. B. Orr, L. Washburn, L. B. Sheppard, F. S. Tewksbury, D. W. 
Jordan, W. W. Hutton, Oscar Dunton, D. E. Champlin, James Hempseed, 
John Hackett, Gardiner, J. H. Mead, Charles Pierce, Horace Beckwith. 

1863.— M. H. Moore, Chairman; L. B. Sheppard, W. W. Hutton, D. E. 
Champlin, G. Gardner, H. Beckwith, J. Hackett, D. W. Jordan, 0. 0. St. 
John, Jacob Wolf, I. T. Corwin, Byron Sargent, Simeon Clark, J. H. Potts, 

0. M. Hayden, Geo. Bishop, D. W. Jordan. John Hachett died in February, 
and I. D. Gilkey was appointed. 

1864.— M. H. Moore, Chairman ; C. May, G. Bishop, I. T. Corwin, D. 
W. Jordan, B. Sargent, B. G. Updike, J. Wolf, D. E. Champlin, J. H. Potts, 

1. D. Gilkey, 0. M. Hayden, H. M. Bailey, A. Vittam, L. B. Sheppard, John 
McManus, William Rolph, S. Clark. 

1865. — M. H. Moore, Chairman ; C. May, William Gilchrist, Wm. Rolph, 
Josiah Jackson, I. T. Corwin. L. B. Sheppard, 0. Hughes, H. W. Abbey, B. 
G. Updike, James Sandiland, D. E. Champlin, P. S. Canfield, I. D. Gilkey, 
John Bird, Nelson Hitchcock, H. M. Bailey, Albert Yittam. 

1866. — D. E. Champlin, Chairman ; James S. George, C. May, Wm. Gil- 
christ, Wm. Rolph, Josiah Jackson, I. T. Corwin, C. P. Nichols, A. A. Alline, 
H. W. Abbey, W. H. Hutton, James Sandiland, P. S. Canfield, L. Goings, 
Damon Mott, N. Hitchcock, H. M. Bailey, A. Vittam. 

1867.— A. A. Alline, Chairman ; J. S. George, C. May, Wm. Gilchrist, 
T. H. Elwell, Josiah Jackson, I. T. Corwin, C. P. Nichols, L. P. Holt, W. W. 
Hutton, James Sandiland, R. S. Wooster, J. M. Northrup, I. D. Gilkey, D. 
Mott, N. Hitchcock, A. T. Webster, A. Vittam. 

1868. — Byron Culver, Chairman; N. S. Boyles, D. E. Champlin, L. A. 
Cobb, N. Hitchcock, L. P. Holt, J. Jackson, S. H. Rownd, J. Sandiland, 
G. F. Ward, I. T. Corwin, James Hempseed, H. P. Homer, G. W. Humphrey, 
H. J. McCord, D. Mott, C. P. Nichols, A. T. Webster, H. J. McCord. 

1869. — Cicero Close, Chairman ; J. D. Abbott, N. S. Boyles, D. E. Champ- 
lin, L. A. Cobb, I. T. Corwin, G. W. Humphrey, H. P. Homer, I. D. Gilkey, 
Josiah Jackson, H. J. McCord, Damon Mott, Alonzo Norris, Charles Robin- 
son, Samuel H. Rownd, Byron Sargent, L. B. Sheppard, Jesse Wasson, A. T. 
Webster. 

1870. — C. Close, Chairman ; J. D. Abbmt, Urias Caskel, D. E. Champlin, 
L. A. Cobb, I. T. Corwin, J. L. Finch, Daniel Fish, G. W. Hayzlett, E. C. 
Humphrey, Josiah Jackson, Jeft'erson Jaquith, Caleb May, H. J. McCord. 
C. B. Miller, Alonzo Norris, Charles Robinson, S. H. Rownd, Byron Sargent. 



366 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



COUNTY SYSTEM. 

1871. — Cicero Close, Chairman ; George B. Van Saun, A. T. Weatherwax. 

1872. — A. T. Weatherwax, Chairman ; C. Close and G. B. Van Saun. 

1873. — Cicero Close, Chairman; A. T. Weatherwax, A. T. Webster. 
(Increased to seven by vote of the people October, 1872.) 

1874. — A. T. Weatherwax, Chairman; A. T. Webster, N. Hitchcock, D. B. 
Washburn, H. J. McCord, H. W. Jenney, Caleb May. 

1875, — Caleb May, Chairman ; J. C. Burnham, H. W. Jenney, H. J. Mc- 
Cord, D. B. Wishburn, A. T. Weatherwax, A. T. Webster. 

1876. — H. J. McCord, Chairman; H. W. Jenney, Jefferson Jaquith, J. C. 
Burnham, H. B. Eighmey, A. T. Weatherwax, C. Mav. 

1877.— H. J. McCord, Chairman ; C. May, John McQuilken, H. W. Jen- 
ney, A. T. Weatherwax, B. J. Rodemer, Jefferson Jaquith. 

1878. — H. W. Jenney, Chairman ; I. T. Corwin, J. Jaquith, C. May, John 
McQuilken, Samuel Owens, B. J. Rodemer. 

MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 

Senate.— K. F. Brown, 1860-1-2-3; Coker F. Clarkson, 1864-5; James 
B, Powers, 1866-7-8-9 ; George W. Couch, 1870-71 ; John H. Leavitt, 1872- 
3 ; Edward G. Miller, 1876-7 ; H. C. Hemenway, 1878-9. 

House of Assembly. — Morrison Bailey, 1856-7 ; Zimri Streeter, 1858-9- 
'60-61 ; Warner H. Curtis, 1862-3 ; Cicero Close, 1864-5-6-7 ; George Ord- 
way, 1868-9 ; T. B. Carpenter, 1870-71 ; Cicero Close, 1872-3 ; Charles B. 
Campbell, 1874-5; Harlan P. Homer, 1876-7; H. C. Hemenway, 1876-7; 
Lore Alford, 1878 ; Jeremiah L. Gay, 1878. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The first schools taught in Black Hawk County were private or subscription 
schools. Their accommodations, as may be readily supposed, Avere not good. 
Sometimes they were taught in small log houses erected for the purpose. Stoves 
and such heating apparatus as are in use now were unknown. A mud and 
stick chimney in one end of the building, with earthen hearth, with a fire-place 
wide enough and deep enough to take in a four-foot back log, and smaller wood 
to match, served for warming purposes in Winter and a kind of conservatory in 
Summer. For windows, part of a log was cut out in either side, and maybe a 
few panes of eight by ten glass set in ; or, just as likely as not, the aperture would 
be covered over with greased paper. Writing benches were made of wide planks, 
or, maybe, puncheons resting on pins or arms driven into two-inch auger holes 
bored into the logs beneath the windows. Seats were made out of thick planks 
or puncheons ; flooring was made of the same kind of stuff. Everything was 
rude and plain, but many of America's greatest men have gone out from just 
such school houses to grapple Avith the world and make a name for themselves, 
and names that come to be an honor to their country. In other cases, private 
rooms and parts of private houses were utilized as school houses, but the furni- 
ture was just as plain. 

But all these things are changed now. A log school house in Iowa is a 
rarity. Their places are filled with handsome frame or brick structures. The 
rude furniture has also given way, and the old school books, the " Popular 
Reader," the "English Reader" (the finest literary compilation ever known in 
Anderican schools), and " Webster's Elementary Spelling Book," are superseded 
by others of greater pretensions. The old spelling classes and spelling matches 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUIITY. 367 

have followed the old school houses, until they are remembered only in name. 
Of her school system, Iowa can justly boast. It has sent out a large number of 
representative men whose names are as familiar to the nation as they are in the 
histories of the counties and neighborhoods in which they once lived. While 
the State has extended such fostering care to the interests of education, the 
several counties have been no less zealous and watchful in the management of 
this vital interest. And Black Hawk County forms no exception to the rule. 
The school houses and their furnishings are in full keeping with the spirit of the 
law that provides for their maintenance and support. The teachers rank high 
among the other thousands of teachers in the State ; and the several County Super- 
intendents, since the office of Superintendent was made a part of the school sys- 
tem, have been chosen with especial reference to their fitness for the position. 

It is impossible to find any reports of educational matters in this county 
prior to 1858, when the Seventh General Assembly passed "An act for the 
Public Instruction of the State of Iowa, " and organized the present school sys- 
tem. By this act, which went into force March 20, 1858, each civil township 
w^as made a school district, and the number of districts and district officers was 
thus greatly reduce l. By the same act, the office of County Superintendent of 
Schools was created, and appropriations made in aid of Teachers' Institutes. 

The first Teachers' Institute held in the county, of which any recollection 
remains, was at Cedar Falls, October 8-13, 1860, conducted by J. L. Enos, of 
Cedar Rapids. Those in attendance were : T. Steed, L. J. Hammond, W. C. 
Porter, R. C. Hall, J. S. Livingston, E. B. Lamb, W. H. Merwin, Peter Liv- 
ingston, T. H, Leslie, Dr. John Kerr, E. H. Wilcox, Wilbur F. Poor, Jennie 
Gardner, Anna Gardner, E. A. Leslie, Alice Doolittle, Sarah A. Dougherty, 
Lois A. Dunham, Anna E. Jaynes, N. Collins, E. A. McStay, Anna Bullock^ 
Mary E. Pratt, Mary A. Barnard, M. J. Collier, Mrs. D. C. Overman, Mrs. 
Joseph Chase, Phebe Tondro, Susan McNalley, Emma Hall, W. Garrison, L. 
F. Barnard, W. W. Engle, M. J. Engle, M. W. Collins, Eliza Dixon, M. J. 
McStay. The officers chosen for the ensuing year were : J. M. White, President; 
E. B. Lamb, Vice President ; L. F. Barnard, Secretary : T. Steed, Treasurer; 
Mrs. D. C. Overman, L. J. Hammond, E. H, Wilcox, Executive Committee. 

Between October 5, 1860, and October 4, 1861, there were 70 public schools 
in Black Hawk County; number of pupils attending school, 2,347 ; number of 
teachers — males, 44 ; females, 64 ; average weekly compensation to males, 
$5.21 ; to females, $3.16 ; amount paid teachers duriig year, $6,353.60. The 
total population of the county in 1860 was 8,244. 

The following abstracts from the Superintendent's reports for 1860, 1867 and 
1877 will show the progress of the educational interests of the county, since 
the period when records are accessible : 

ISHO. 18(i7. 1877. 

Township Districts 17 22 11 

Independent Districts ... ... 56 

Sub-Districts 71 114 81 

Ungraded schools ... ... 136 

Graded schools ... ... 5 

Number of schools 78 108 141 

Average duration — months .. ... 7.58 

Number of male teachers 6 54 84 

Number of female teachers 12 139 197 

Average compensation — males, per week $6 46 |7 50 month$35 34 

Average compensation — females, per week... 3 08 6 25 " 29 83 

Number of persons between ages of 5 and 21 

years— males 1,401 3,307 4,380 

Number of persons between ages of 5 and 21 

years— females 1,371 3,225 . 4,183 



6,080 


6,172 


3,403 


4,281 


•211 

.27) 


month, |1 32 


72 


127 


4 


10 


5 


10 


9 




$84,088 


$170,150 


2.139 20 


3,249 


32 


61 


8,978 78 


47,030 86 



368 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Pupils enrolled 2,103 

Average attendance 1,275 

Cost of tuition per pupil — Summer, per week .22 

Winter, " .38 

School houses — frame 25 

brick 

stone 3 

logs 7 

Value of school houses $8,095- 25 

Value of apparatus 49 50 

Number of volumes in libraries 32 

Total expense for paid teachers 4,132 74 

Following is the Financial Statement for 1877 : 

SCHOOL HOUSE FUND. 

Total receipts during the year $47,511 23 

Paid for school houses and sites 5,425 42 

Paid on bonds and interest 35,134 31 

On hand 6,951 50 

CONTINGENT FUND. 

Total receipts $25,696 67 

Paid rent for school houses 1 60 

Paid repairs for school houses 3,197 90 

Paid for fuel 4,837 87 

Paid Secretaries 642 66 

Paid Treasurers 527 15 

Paid records and apparatus 913 56 

Paid various purposes 6,932 44 

On hand 8,743 49 

teachers' fund. 

Total receipts $79,655 94 

Paid teachers 47,030 86 

On hand 32,625 08 

Number of teachers receiving certificates of first grade 54 

Number of teachers receiving certificates of second grade 129 

Number of teachers receiving certificates of third grade 98 

Total number of certificates granted 281 

Number of applicants rejected 118 

Number of applicants examined 399 

Average of applicants, male .25 

Average of applicants, female .23 

No experience in teaching, males 7 

No experience in teaching, females 35 

Taught less than Oiie year, males 39 

Taught less than one year, females 49 > 

Number of schools visited by County Superintendent 142 

Number of visits 187 

Educational meetings held 3 

Appeals decided 1 

Compensation of Supt. from October 1, 1876 to Oct. 1, 1877 $1,232 

Number of private schools 4 

Number of private school teachers 19 

Number of pupils in private schools 370 

A Teachers' Normal Institute was held at Waterloo, commencing March 
26, 1877, continuing two weeks. E. Baker, Conductor ; J. K. Sweeney, M. 
F. Avery, T. R. Hamlin and Miss M. McCowen, Assistant Instructors ; C. W. 
Van Coelln and J. C. Gilchrist, Lecturers. Total number of teachers in attend- 
ance, 205 — 41 gentlemen and 164 ladies. 

Graded Schools of 1877. — Cedar Falls: Male teachers, 3 ; female teachers, 
12; J. McNaughton, Principal, salary $1,200. East Waterloo : Female teach- 
ers, 10 ; J. K. Sweeney, Principal^ salary $1,200. La Porte City : Female 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 369 

teachers, 4; E. M. Sharon, Principal, salary $680. Waterloo: Female teach- 
ers, 9 ; Prof. W. II. Robertson, Principal, salary $1,390. 

The private schools are : Prairie Home Female Seminary — Miss A. Fields, 
Principal ; 4 teachers employed ; 65 pupils. Conservatory of Music — E. W. 
Burnham, Principal ; teachers, 3. Our Lady of Victory (Catholic) — Lady 
Crescentia, Principal ; teachers, 5 ; pupils, 145. 

The present efficient Superintendent of Schools is James S. George, Esq., 
and the present condition of the schools in the county is thus summarized in 
his last annual report : 

The raising of the grades of certificates has produced a very beneficial effect upon teachers 
and schools. 

It has incited our teachers to more application and study, and I can plainly see that they 
are giving much closer attention to their school work. I find the people generally in favor of 
elevating the standard of their teachers and schools ; and I also meet, in my efforts to accom- 
plish this much-to-be desired end, not a little opposition from teachers. I have been sorely tried 
in a few instances by teachers and their relatives asking, and even demanding, particular favors. 
I have been forced to the conclusion that nepotism is, perhaps, as common here as in many other 
parts of the State ; but by the strict observance of law and official instructions, I have it in a 
great measure under subjection. 

We held our Normal Institute this year list Spring, having an attendance of 205 members, 
and it proved in all respects a success. The attendance would have been much greater had it not 
been for prevailing sickness at the time, and that a number of schools were in session. The 
State Normal School is in a very prosperous condition, but is much in need of more room. An 
appropriation should be made by the State this Winter for its enlargement. 

The State can well feel proud of this institution, and should give liberally toward its en- 
couragement and support. 

In the compiling of my report, I have labored, as usual, under great embarrassments in pro- 
curing prompt and correct reports from school Secretaries and Treasurers. 

The difficulty will continue to occur until the Legislature afford to the Superintendent some 
relief. The law as it now is, renders him completely powerless ; and if he is refused reports by 
these officers, he has no efficient way provided to enforce compliance with the law. I often won- 
der why our law makers are so dilatory and lax concerning these important r gulatious. It is to 
be hoped that our Legislature will act wisely and promptly in this matter. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

On page 201 of this work will be found a brief account of the inception of 
this institution, which promises to be such an important adjunct to the common 
school system of Iowa. 

It is needless to say that the people of Black Hawk County fully appreciate 
the establishment of the Normal School in their midst. 

The"first Commencement Exercises were held on Wednesday, June 27, 1877. 
There were six applicants for graduation, but two of the number were denied 
diplomas on account of their youth, though they were allowed to participate in 
the exercises. The subjects discussed by the class were as follows : 

Maude Gilchrist, Cedar Falls, '' Progression the Law of the Human Race ;" 
R. 0. Benton, Mason City, "Superstitions;" Mary Flagler, Cedar Falls, 
" Public Sentiment ;'" Ada Coates, Green Mountain, '' The Triumph of Peace;" 
Eva M. Donohue, Mason City, '^ The Value of Character;" David K. Bond, 
Hopkinton, " Penn and Lycurgus." 

The average attendance by terms during the Normal year was ninety. 

At the Commencement of 1878 (July 11), the orations were: "Civiliza- 
tion," Loren E. Churchill, Finchford ; "Vicissitudes of a Poet's Life," Maude 
Oilchrist ; " Safety Lies in a Medium," David K. Bond, Hopkinton ; " Misan- 
thropy," Rome 0. Benton, Mason City. 

The number of students in attendance during the past year was 237, of 
-whom 153 were ladies. There are two literary societies — the Philomathean 
and the Alpha — both of which are heartily sustained by the students. 



370 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The officers chosen by the Trustees for the coming two years are : S. G. 
Smith, President ; J. J. Tolerton, Vice President ; E. Townsend, Treasurer ; 
W. C. Bryant, Secretary. 

The faculty for 1878-9 is as follows : J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, 
and Professor of Mental Philosophy, Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. 
Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages and Natural Science ; D. S. 
Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Ancient Literature ; Miss 
S. Laura Ensign, Teacher of Geography, History, Botany, et al. ; Miss Mary 
E. Bradley, Teacher of Drawing, Penmanship and Bookkeeping ; William Pat- 
tee, Steward, and Mrs. Parsons, Macron. 

Students seeking admission to this school are required to be, if males, at 
least 17, and, if females, at least 16 years of age ; to produce a certificate of 
good moral character, signed by some responsible person ; to sign a statement 
of their intention in good faith to follow the business of teaching in the public 
schools of the State ; to produce a certificate showing that the applicant has 
passed the examination required to obtain a teacher's certificate of the lowest 
grade, and that he has been appointed to the school. Such examination and 
appointment must be made, and such certificate is signed by the Superintendent 
of Schools for the county in which the applicant resides. Students need not 
hesitate to correspond with the institution before this appointment, or even if 
failing to get it. 

Each county is entitled to one student for every four thousand inhabitants, 
or part thereof; but admission will not be refused to any applicant who can be 
admitted without prejudice to the rights of others under the apportionment. 
Practically, the school is open to all. 

Students not intending to become teachers can enter the school, provided 
there are accommodations untaken by student teachers ; but such students must 
pay tuition at the rate of two dollars (|2.00) per month. 

THE PRESS. 

Cedar Falls Banner. — In 1854, it became necessary that Cedar Falls and 
Black Hawk County should have a newspaper. Accordingly, Wm. H. McClure 
and Dr. Meredith purchased at Tipton a six-column hand press and the neces- 
sary outfit of material, both having seen hard service, but capable of more, and 
on the 11th of July, the first number of the Cedar Falls Banner was issued. 
A. F. Brown was the editor; Samuel C. Dunn and Joseph Farley, printers. 
The sheet was a six-column folio, "independent in all things." In October 
following, Dr. Meredith sold his share to S. H. Packard, Esq., who assumed 
the editorial duties. McClure & Packard afterward sold the concern to Hill 
& Ball, who were succeeded by Wm. H. Hartman, in 1857 or 1858, who soon 
after removed the concern to Waterloo and began the publication of the Water- 
loo Courier. 

The Banner had a circulation of about six hundred, copies being sent to 
every State in the Union, and one or two to China. It was a most useful 
little paper, and was of material help in calling attention to the natural advan- 
tages of Iowa as a home for immigrants and attracting settlers hither. 

A file of the Banner was kept, and was introduced in evidence in a ease 
being tried at Waterloo some years ago. Its owner, who prized it highly, not 
finding it convenient to take the bulky package home with him. left it in the 
Clerk's office for a more convenient occ-tsion. The Clerk conscientiously used up 
the entire file for kindling fires, very much to the regret of all the early 
settlers. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 371 

The Cedar Falls Gazette was given to the expectant citizens of that town 
for the first time on Friday, March 16, 1860, by H. A. and G. D. Perkins, 
publishers and editors. In the " Sahitatory " the editors say, " We coice with 
a strong detci-mination to work with a will for your interests, to leave no honor- 
able means untried to enhance your prosperity, promote your interests, and give 
publicity to the many natural and artificial advantages wnth which this point is 
favored." The politics of the new paper was defined to be in accord with the 
Republican platform of 1856. The paper was a folio sheet, seven columns to 
the page. Four years afterward, it was enlarged one column to the page. 
During the war, George D., the younger brother, enlisted in the volunteer serv- 
ice, but was discharged for disability, after a year's service. In 1865, Henry 
A. Perkins was appointed Postmaster of Cedar Falls. July 13, 1866, the 
brothers sold the paper and material to Rev. S. B. Goodenow, who had just 
withdrawn from the Independence Cruardian. This gentleman retained con- 
trol till March 22, 1867, when he disposed of the property to Mr. C. W. Sny- 
der, of Clinton, and A. C. Holt, of Cedar Falls. Mr. Holt remained in the 
paper till the Summer of 1868, when he disposed of his interest to E. A. 
Snyder. Early in 1869, the Snyder Brothers sold to George K. Shaw and 
L. D. Tracy. In two short weeks the partners quarreled, and the firm was 
dissolved, C. W. Snyder buying out Shaw, who took possession of the Grundi/ 
Comity Atlas. For two or three weeks the Atlhs and the Gazette were fairly 
sulphureous with epithets, the doughty Shaw% among other things, challenging 
Rev. Mr. Tracy to fight a duel with him. The latter gentleman retired April 
15, 1869, when E. A. Snyder again stepped into his old place. The Snyder 
Brothers continued its ownership till 1877, when Mr. Merchant purchased of 
them" a one-third interest, and the firm still remains the same. The G-azette 
has always been regarded as one of the very best newspapers in Iowa, being 
always courteous and fair in political matters, and most painstaking and indus- 
trious in its local department. 

The Northwest Democrat was established by a stock company at Cedar 
Falls, and the first number issued in June, 1862. Its first editor was a decided 
partisan, and his management drew down on the sheet the ire of the Repub- 
lican portion of the community to the extent of threatening to suppress the 
paper. Early in 1863, the owners of the paper decided to conclude its brief 
life till the kindly touches of time should allay the bitter feeling then existing. 
The Cedar Falls Recorder was begun in October. 1872, by S. G. Sher- 
bui-ne. It was a good sized quarto sheet, Democratic in politics. Mr. Sher- 
burne remained as proprietor till February, 1874, when he sold out to H. C. 
Shaver, who had been foreman of the ofiice. In November, 1875, Mr. Shaver 
sold to L. Hawkins, who converted it into a semi-religious paper ; but finding 
the experiment a hazardous one, he disposed of the property, six weeks after- 
ward, to J. B. Abbott & Co., who made it a Republican paper. It soon passed 
back to H. C. Shaver, who changed its politics to its original position. In May, 
1877, I. Van Metre purchased a half interest, and assumed editorial control. 
The Recorder is now an eight-column folio sheet, all printed at home, and has 
a large circulation among the Democracy of Black Hawk County. The ofiice 
is on the first floor of No. 1 Mairv street. The proprietors are now arranging 
to have the presses run by water power from the mill race, which can be sup- 
plied very cheaply, 

Two other journals have been published at Cedar Falls — the Record, by A. 
C. Holt, in 1866, and the Real Estate Journal, by T. L. French & Co., two 
or three years after. Both were advertising papers. 



372 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The loiva State Register and Waterloo Herald made its appearance on 
Saturday, December 15, 1855, Wm. Haddock, editor and proprietor. It wa& 
an eight-column folio, and, for the time, a very handsome and creditable sheet. 
In his salutation to his readers, the editor says : "In politics, our paper will be 
independent, and not merely neutral ; " and further on, that he is a firm 
believer in " the doctrine of State rights, and that the South ought to be per- 
mitted to hold slaves unmolested so long as there is no help for it under the 
Constitution." But he was opposed to extending slavery into the territ iries, 
and in the struggle growing out of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, the paper took 
Republican grounds, and then, like most independent journals, was everything 
by turns and nothing long. 

In the latter part of its life, the paper missed frequent issues, the business of 
the oifice was neglected, and dissatisfaction was manifested by the patrons in 
various ways, in hopes of spurring up the publisher to better things ; but all 
without avail. After repeated threats of encouraging the starting of another 
paper, the citizens did finally extend material aid to Hartman & Ingersoll, 
which resulted in establishing the Courier, which soon proved a formidable com- 
petitor. In October, 1859, the Register was discontinued, and the material 
was sold to parties in Waverly, who were about to start a Democratic paper there. 

The Waterloo Courier. — In August, 1858, W. H. Hartman, then a young 
man " chock-full of days' works," and ambitious of winning fame and wealth as 
a newspaper publisher, resurrected the defunct Banner, at Cedar Falls, and in 
November following, Geo. D. Ingersoll became associated with him. They 
made a desperate struggle to keep it waving ; but times were tight, money 
scarce, and the publishers, finding it hard to live on faith and corn meal alone, 
suspended the paper again, and on Christmas Day, 1858, moved the material 
to Waterloo, where, on January 18, 1859, the Courier was born. It was first 
issued as a seven-column folio. Patronage was light, and it was only by the 
most rigid economy that both ends Avere made to meet. On the 1st of January, 
1860, the paper was enlarged to an eight-column sheet, the death of the Register 
making such enlargement possible and necessary. In September of the same 
year, Hartman bought out Ingersoll, and the Courier continued with him as 
sole proprietor until November 14, 1864, when J. W. Logan became half 
owner. In 1865, the paper was again enlarged by adding an extra column to 
the page, and other improvements were made. In April, 1871, Hartman & 
Logan sold out the entire establishment to Aldrich & Woodruff, but in October 
of the same year, Mr. Hartman again became part owner by purchasing Mr. 
Aldrich's interest. On February 5, 1874, Mr. Woodruff sold out to A. J.^Felt, 
and the firm name was changed to Felt & Hartman. On the 16th of April 
following, the paper was again enlarged and changed to a seven-column quarto. 
August 16, 1875, Mr. Hartman purchased Mr. Felt's interest, and since that 
date, has been sole editor and proprietor. 

The early years of the Courier were full of troubles and struggles for exist- 
ence ; but now it is considered one of the best newspaper properties in the in- 
terior of the State, and it is blessed with a patronage which insures its publisher 
a good, liberal income. 

The Iowa State Reporter, next in order, was started May 13, 1868, by H. 
Q. Nicholson, and was then almost the only paper in the State issued in quarto 
form. It was started as a Democratic paper, although Black Hawk was one of 
the strong Republican counties of the State, giving only 841 Democratic votes 
out of 3,421 cast at the election of that year. But the paper was neatly printed, 
ably edited, and its publisher soon worked up a list of about 1,000 subscribers. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY.' 373 

and a handsome advertising patronage. In November, 18G8, Mr. Nicholson 
was called East by the serious illness of his father, and during his absence the 
paper was continue;! by the boys in the office so long as there were any coal piles 
in the neighborhood and the paper dealers had faith enough to send on white 
paper. When these two supplies were cut off, the paper had to stop, but the 
boys were full of grit to the end, and in their last number let themselves down 
with the following explanation : 

" Owing to the rapidly increasing business which an appreciating commu- 
nity is bestowing upon us, we find it necessary to remove our material and ma- 
chinery to more capacious quarters. Therefore, we shall be compelled, however 
reluctantly, to suspend the publication of the Reporter for a few weeks, as our 
machinery is so heavy and extensive that the change cannot be effected without 
incurring the above suspension." 

But the suspension was a permanent one, so far as Mr. Nicholson was con- 
cerned. His father died December 20, 1868, Avhich made it impossible for him 
to return and resume its publication On February 11, 1869, the material and 
subscription list were purchased by Smart & Parrott. At that time the office 
was m the building on Fourth street, now occupied by Seaman & Son, and was 
too small and inconvenient for printing office purposes. The new proprietors 
secured a lease of the rear rooms in the second story of Union Hall Block, but 
did not commence the publication of the Reporter again until the office was 
moved to the new location, which was in April, and on the 14th of that month 
the Reporter again appeared, but as a Republican paper. 

On the 31st of May, 1871, the paper was enlarged to a six-column quarto, 
and other improvements made, and at that time it was the largest newspaper in 
the county. 

The next era in the life of the Reporter was October 16, 1872, when the 
establishment was moved from Union Block into the building specially erected 
for its occupancy, on Sycamore street. 

On June 18, 1873, a change was made in the firm, James L. Girton becom- 
ing a partner, and the firm name was changed to Smart, Parrott & Co. On 
March 17, 1875, J. J. Smart sold out his interest to J. P. Sherman, and the firm 
name was changed to Parrott, Girton & Sherman, who are the present publishers. 

Der Beutseh Amerikaner. — The first number of this paper was issued 
August 29, 1872. one side English and the other German. It was published 
by a company and edited by A. Schill. On the 1st of January, 1873, Mr. 
Martin Blim became proprietor and editor, and on the 21st of February follow- 
ing, discontinued the English part of his paper, making it exclusively German. 
It is enjoying a fair degree of prosperity, and its subscription list is constantly 
increasing. 

The La Porte Progress was established November 30, 1870, by Dr. Jesse 
Wasson. It was a seven-column folio, Independent in politics, and edited with 
ability. In February, 1872, the Progress was enlarged to eight columns. It 
is now edited by its original editor. Dr. Wasson, and in politics is Democratic. 

The La Porte City Republican first appeared in July, 1852, W. H. Brink- 
erhoff, editor and publisher. After struggling against fate for eleven long, 
weary months, the Republican succumbed to the inevitable, and suspended for 
want of adequate support. 

Burroughs' Journal was first started in Streator, 111., by Rev. J. W. Bur- 
roughs, but was removed to Raymond, Black Hawk County, Iowa, in July, 
1874. It is a six-column quarto paper, devoted to the discussion of religious 
topics, mainly. It is published weekly, and is printed at Raymond. 



374 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



RAILROADS. 



Dubuque <l|' Pacific Railroad. — The necessity for railroads was felt by the 
early settlers of Iowa to be a vital one, and whenever a project was pre- 
sented to any settlement, it was sure to meet hearty welcome. In 1854, a 
preliminary survey was made for a line westward, by the Dubuque & Pacific 
Company, then just organized, and the people of Black Hawk County felt that 
the hour of their prosperity was near at hand ; while the residents of Waterloo 
and Cedar Falls saw in the future the thriving cities that have sprung up. But 
the company, having limited capital, and the people east of Black Hawk being 
able to do but little, the road progressed very slowly. 

To insure the building of the Dubuque & Pacific Road to Cedar Falls, the 
inhabitants contributed freely by donations of cash and lands, and also by 
taking stock ; the principal contributors being the Overmans, Brown, Dr. 
Meredith, Mullarky and others ; tlie amount in all being about $100,000. 

The county of Black Hawk was asked to aid the enterprise by subscribing 
to the capital stock of the company to the amount of $200,000, and the people 
voted to do so. The bonds were prepared and are still preserved in the county 
archives as a memento of railroad excitement and the sanguine hopes of the 
people. It is said that the County Judge at that time (1856) refused to sign 
these bonds, and consequently they were never issued. The reasons for this 
refusal are not clearly apparent; but it is said that the city of Waterloo became 
largely identified with the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railroad, 
which was probably thought to be of more importance to that city than the 
Dubuque & Pasific. In consequence of their refusal to comply with the terms 
of the agreement, it is alleged that the line of the road, after being pai-tially 
graded and designed to cross the Cedar in the city of Waterloo, was changed 
to its present route, and the depots established north of the city. 

The track of the Dubuque & Pacific, or Sioux City, Railroad reached the 
water-tank, within eighty rods of the depot, at Cedar Falls, March 29, 1861, and 
the first regular train arrived on the following Monday. To celebrate the 
auspicious event that enabled Cedar Falls to shake hands with the outside 
world, the people of the town made extensive preparations. The Committee of 
Reception contained 128 citizens. The celebration was had on Thursday, April 
11th, the guests from Dubuque and other towns being met at the depot by a 
long procession of citizens, who, giving three hearty cheers, bound a chaplet 
of evergreens filled with mottoes over the locomotive, and assembled with the 
guests in the depot building, where an address of welcome was made by Hon. A. 
F. Brown, in behalf of the city, and felicitously responded to by Herman Gelpke, 
President of the road. Other speeches followed from Col. Sessions, of Cedar 
Falls, Piatt Smith, of Dubuque, and Hon. J. B. Grinnell, of Poweshiek County. 

The invited guests, sixty-three in number, were then conducted to the Ameri- 
can House, then presided over by J. L. Wilcox, where a bountiful supper was 
provided. This disposed of, the following toasts were responded to as indicated: 

The President and Directors of the Dubuque k Sioux City Railroad — Herman Gelpke. 

The Four Great Cities of the Northern Confederacy — Cedar Falls, Dubuque, Chicago and 
New York— Piatt Smith. 

Our Guests — For the first time we greet you ; welcome collectively to our festive board ; 
may it not be the last — Hon. A. F. Brown. 

The Flag of Our Union — C. T. Smeed, of Waverly. 

The Press, the Intellectual Elevator of the World — D. A. Mahoney. 

Iowa, Her Past and Her Future — Hon. .J. B. Grinnell. 

The Cedar Falls iS: Minnesota Railroad — Edwin Brown. 

The Communication between Dubuque and Cedar Falls — Its Change from the Coach to the 
Locomotive — Hon. Ziiuri Streeti r. 

The Pioneers of Iowa — Hon. Wm. P. Harmon, of Waverly. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 375 

A grand ball followed the banquet, the Germania Band, of Dubuque, 
furnishing the music. 

The extension of the Dubuque & Sioux City Road from Cedar Falls west- 
ward, began late in the season of ISG-l. 

Cedar Falls <J'' Minnesota Railroad. — May T, 1860, the stockholders of the 
Cedar Falls & Minnesota Railway Compan.y chose the following as Directors for 
the ensuing year : R. B. Mason, J. F. English, E. Brown, E. Edgerton, J. M. 
Overman, S. A. Bishop, A. S. Smith, William Ward, Chester Butterfield, J. 
Barrick, D. Wiltse, J. D. Jenkins, A. Mullarky. R. B. Mason was made 
President the same day. 

The work of grading began in the Fall of 1860, and about forty miles were 
made ready for the ties the following year. 

The following were the Directors of the company, as elected in May, 1861 : 
R. B. Mason, Chicago ; E. Brown, J. M. Overman, S. A. Bishop, A. S. Smith, 
E. Edgerton, Cedar Falls ; W. P. Harmon, Bremer County ; S. Harwood, R. 
M. Matthews, M. G. Cook, Floyd County; J. F. English, A. Hitchcock, S. 
Clawson, INIitchell County. 

The Articles of Incorporation were amended early in 1864, and by the 
change the company was enabled to remove its place of business to Dubuque. 

Track-laying was begun on this line in 1864, the road reaching Waverlv 
the same season ; but so insufficient was the grade and so hastily was the work 
done, that the running of trains was abandoned for a time the following 
Spring. 

The people of Cedar Falls were much disappointed in losing this road, which 
they had counted on so much. The company had been formed originally as an 
appendage of the Dubuque & Pacific Company, and to buy its iron it had to 
lense the line to the Dubuque Company. Hence, wiien the Dubuque Company 
decreed that the Celar Falls road should begin nearly two miles east of that 
town, there was nothing to do but to submit. 

Iowa Central Railroad. — Many miles of grading were done on the " Iowa 
Central Railroad " during the Autumn of 1865, beginning at Cedar Falls and 
working southward. The company was organized on the 5th of January pre- 
vious. Ground was broken September 19th, with elaborate ceremonies, and 
speeches by Hon. David Morgan, who threw the first shovelful ; Hon. B. F. 
Gue, of Fort Dodge; Wm. E. McMaster, of New York ; C. C. Carpenter, of 
Fort Dodge ; Alfred Phillips, of Tama County ; Capt. Babcock, of Chickasaw 
County ; Judge Palmer, of Butler County ; Mr. Chase, of Mitchell County. 
Letters were also read from W. R. Marshall, of St. Paul, and Hon. J. B. Grin- 
nell, of Poweshiek County. But the discovery of coal and fire clay in Hardin 
County induced capitalists to foster the "plug" started from Ackley about the 
same time, which was also called then the " Iowa Central," and the people of 
Cedar Falls were unable to obtain funds for completing their line, which still 
remains unfinished. 

Burlin</to)i, Cedar Rapids cf Minnesota Railroad. — In August, 1870, the 
people of Cedar Falls voted a tax of five per cent, to aid in the construction of 
the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota' Railroad, conditional on the track 
being laid to the city by January 1, 1871. Other towns along the line voted 
similar aid, and Waterloo gave material assistance in subscriptions, etc. 

The construction train of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota road 
reached Cedar Falls on Wednesday, November 30, 1870, and the first passen- 
ger train next day, just a month in advance of the time agreed upon by the 
officers of that company. 

F 



376 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



THE BLACK HAWK COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

The first meeting for the organization of an agricultural society in this 
county was held at the Clerk's office in Waterloo August 30, 1856. G. A. 
Knowles was Chairman of the meeting, and S. W. Rawson, Secretary. At 
this meeting, a Constitution was adopted and the following officers elected : 

President, George Ordway ; Vice Presidents, G. A. Knowles, Z. Streeter, 
B. Winset; Corresponding Secretary, S. W. Rawson; Recording Secretary, J. 
0. Williams ; Treasurer, 0. E. Hardy. Executive Committee — L. Kennicutt, 
S. R. Crittenden, James Barclay, C. K. White, James Dunkerton, S. Webster, 
Benjamin Knapp, M. S. Oxley, M. W. Chapman, William Kent and Byron 
Sargent. 

The Executive Committee was authorized to make arrangements for a fair, 
but the first exhibition was not held until October 1, 1857, when it took place 
at the Court House. The records do not show the premiums awarded, but the 
Treasurer's first annual report gives the receipts from all sources as amounting 
to $100. The attendance was quite large for the time, and the exhibition a 
meritorious one. One of the principal attractions was an imm-^nse squash vine, 
bearing 1,100 pounds of " fruit," exhibited by T. B. and B. S. Doxey. 

Dui'ing the fair, the organization was perfected, and the officers same as 
above continued for another year, except that James Evans was elected Treas- 
urer, and J. H. Sherrill, L. C. Sanborn and J. H. Mead were added to the Ex- 
ecutive Committee. 

The second fair Avas on the West Side, the following year. The vegetables, 
fine arts, pickles, needle work, preserves, etc., were in the basement of the Con- 
gregational church, and the stock and cumbersome articles were on the bluff, 
somewhere near Fowler's greenhouse. 

The grounds of the Society were purchased in 1865, but had been occupied 
for several years before the purchase for the exhibition of stock, etc., and 
the Court House was used for an exhibition hall. The grounds cost $2,175. 
Cost of fitting up, fences and improvements, about $1,600. Fairs have been 
held every year and have generally been successful. 

The following are the Presidents of the Society from its organization to 

1878, viz.: George Ordway, 1856-8 ; J. H. Sherrill, 1859 ; , 

1860 ; 0. 0. St. John, 1861-4 ; Cicero Close, 1865 ; John Elwell, 1866 ; C. 
A. Farwell, 1867 ; P. Mclsaac, 1868-70 ; A. Cottrell, 1871 ; Byron Sargent, 
1872; A. Cottrell, 1873-4 ; Albert Whitney, 1875 ; H. B. Allen, 1876-8. 

Officers, 1878— H. B. Allen, President ; W. H. Palmer, J. Gay, Vice Pres- 
idents ; R. A. Whitaker, Secretary ; C C. Close, Treasurer. Directors — W. 
A. Wilson, Bennington ; A. C. Bratnober, Barclay ; Philip Bonesteel, Lester ; 
John Struble, Black Hawk ; Samuel Gilson, Lincoln ; John Osborn, Big Creek ; 
William Winters, Mt. Vernon ; William M. Fields, Cedar Falls ; Ethan Allen, 
Orange ; W. H. Leavitt, Cedar ; John Engle, Poyner ; N. B. Choate, East 
Waterloo ; George Clark, Spring Creek ; J. C. Gunn, Eagle ; George Newell, 
Union ; W. H. Young, Fox ; John Tennyson, Washington, and J. A. Fowler^ 
Waterloo. 

THE CEDAR VALLEY DISTRICT JOINT STOCK AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION 

was organized in 1856, through the influence and labors of Hon. Peter Melendy, 
who was chosen the first President, which office he filled for more than ten years. 
This society held annual exhibitions on their grounds at Cedar Falls and accom- 
plished much to advance the agricultural interests of the county. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTV. 377 

The records of the Association were burned several years since, but a few 
items respecting it are gleaned from various sources. 

When the first number of the Cedar Falls Gfazette was issued. March 16, 
1860, this Association had subscribed |1,300 for the purpose of purchasing and 
fitting up grounds. 

Something over 200 premiums were awarded at the fourth annual fair at 
Cedar Falls, which was held September 18-20, 1860. 

The officers of the Cedar Valley Association for 1861 were : Peter Melendy, 
President; A. S. Smith, Vice President; J. B. Powers, Secretary; S. A. 
Bishop, Treasurer; H. C. Overman, Benj. Knapp, A. Mullarky, Directors. 

In May, 1872, a basis of agreement was reached between the officers of 
the Black Hawk County Agricultural Society on one hand and the Cedar Val- 
ley District Association on the other, for a practical union of the two societies. 
The agreement was that a horse fair should be held in each alternate year at 
Waterloo and Cedar Falls, and an agricultural fair in the city not having the 
horse fair. 

PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 

In 1872-3, when the organization known as the Patrons of Husbandry 
swept like a tidal wave over the entire West, Black Hawk County did not escape. 
Granges were organized in every township, and many honest farmers indulged 
in the most sanguine dreams of the benefit to accrue from the institution. 
" The original and leading idea of the Grange," says Mr. Stevens, of Delaware 
County, himself a prominent and influential member of the Order, " was to 
secure social advantages ; but in 1873, the leading idea among our farmers was 
business, or pecuniary benefit. Hence, Granges were crowded with anxious 
farmers, cherishing the illusory ideas of immediately bettering their circumstances, 
of the sooner clearing their farms from mortgages or securing a competency 
for the accomplishment of other cherished purposes through some mysterious 
influence of the organization. They did not realize that all changes or reforms 
proceed slowly."' 

Under this delusive faith that the organization was destined to work an 
immediate and wonderful revolution in their financial condition, the husband- 
men of Black Hawk, in common with those of the whole State, rushed into the 
Granges until the institution became a power which, had it been wisely and 
judiciously directed, might have accomplished something in the desired direction. 

In this county, not only were subordinate Granges established in every town- 
ship, but a county council was organized to centralize and utilize the power 
evoked. A Grange store was established at Waterloo and a Grange elevator 
was started on the east side of the river. 

But the new broom, although it swept clean at first, did not bring about the 
miraculous reforms anticipated. Its managers did not realize the tremendous 
power they had invoked, and it controlled them, and crumbled because it was 
not controlled and directed. Those who had anticipated such immediate and 
tremendous results, soon became disgusted ; were not satisfied with the sIom 
reforms the organization might legitimately be expected to produce, and aban- 
doned the institution nearly as rapidly as they had entered it, forgetting the 
lesson they every day receive — that plants of the most rapid growth are gen- 
erally the first to decay. 

In 1878, only a few Granges maintain a feeble existence in the count3^ The 
county council, it is said, maintains its organization, but is dormant. The 
Grange store at Waterloo is being closed up, and the Grangers no longer hav( 
an elevator. 



378 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



BLACK HAWK COUNTY xMEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 

This is, comparatively, a young society, having been organized but two 
years — August 4, 1876. The charter members are as follows : J. M. Ball, 
graduate W. R. College, Cleveland, Ohio, 1846 ; S. W. Pierce, graduate Ver- 
mont Medical College, 1856 ; D. W. Crouse, graduate Chicago Medical College, 
1864; S. Vandervaart, graduate Holland College, Netherlands, 1842; D. B. 
Colcord, graduate Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1875 ; William Robinson, 
graduate Berkshire Medical College, 1844 ; 0. S. Knox, graduate Albany Med- 
ical College, 18 — ; J. M. Lanning, graduate Rush Medical College, 1862 ; 
J. J. Wasson, graduate La Porte City Medical College, 1847 ; H. W. Brown, 
graduate Geneva Medical College, 1866 ; D. W. Crouse, graduate Long Island 
Sledical College, 1869 ; W. Eddy, graduate Michigan University Medical Col- 
lege, 1863 ; G. J. Mack, graduate Bellevue Medical College, 1872. 

The first officers were : J. M. Ball, President ; S. N. Pierce, Vice Presi- 
dent; J. M. Lanning, Secretary and Treasurer; Drs. Ball, Pierce and Crouse, 
Board of Censors. 

Their present officers : S. N. Pierce, President ; J. M. Lanning, Vice 
President ; A. D. Bedford, Secretary and Treasurer ; Drs. Crouse, Eddy and 
Bedford, Board of Censors. 

The association meets on the first Friday in each alternate month. 

THE farmers' mutual FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY 

was organized in 1873, by Wm. Strayer, S. H. Miller, Jos. S. Strickler, J. 
W. Leeper, J. M. Bandfield, J. H. Jeffers, S. B. Vinton, J. W. Miller, Thos. 
Heitter, Cornelius Miller, J. H. Mead, Matthew Simons. Chas. Lichty, J. M. 
Savior, A. L. Eyestone, D. A. Miller, Sam'l J. Metz, H. C. Glasgow, S. B. 
Beekly, L. B. Berkley, A. A. Miller, M. V. B. Turner, Chas. Heller, C. M. 
Mishler, Chas. A. Hesse, 0. Virden, John Palmer, L. R. Peifer, Samuel Cain, 
S. G. Leversee, Michael Beachley, John M. Lichty, Chas. Asquith, Jonas 
Flickinger, Wesley S. Stokes, Levi Strayer, August Boldt, John Asquith, 
James Holmes, G. W. Strayer and Gilson Gardner. 

The method of doing business is very simple and practical. When any 
member of the association shall sustain a loss or damage by fire, he shall, within 
ten days after such loss, deliver to the Secretary a particular statement in 
writing of such loss or damage, signed by him, and verified by his oath or 
affirmation, and also, if required, by proper vouchers, and stating also the whole 
cash value of the property lost or damaged, how the building was occupied, and 
by whom, at the time of the loss, how the fire originated, as far as he knows or 
believes, and that the fire occurred by misfortune, and Avithout fraud or evil 
practice ; also, declare whether any insurance existed thereon in any other com- 
pany, and if so, what amount ; and if required, submit to a full examina- 
tion. 

The Secretary shall, within ten days after receiving a statement of a loss 
by fire or lightning, call a meeting of the Board of Directors, giving notice to 
persons interested, of the time and place of meeting. The Board, after 
examining into the cause and amount of said loss, and being satisfied that the 
claim is just, shall levy & pro rata tax on the amount of protection afforded 
each member of this Company, and no assessment shall be made unless a loss 
occurred. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 379 



WATERLOO. 

This city, the largest in the State we'^t of Dubuque and north of the line 
of the Chicago & North- Western Railway, is located on the east side of Town- 
ship 89, Range 13, nearly in the geographical center of Black Hawk County, 
of which it is the county seat ; is beautifully situated on both banks of the 
Cedar River, at a point where the timber handsomely opens out into a fine 
rolling prairie, forming a site as perfectly adapted for the location of a large 
and healthful city as if it had been specially planned by the Creator for that 
purpose. The business and residence portion of the town are about equally 
divided by the river, and are situated on ground which, in the lowest portion, 
is just above the ordinary high water, and, gradually rising as it recedes, 
affords some quite elevated and commanding building sites a few blocks back 
from the business streets, which run parallel Avith the river on the west side, and 
at right angles with it on the east, which have only a sufficient grade to afford 
good drainage. The town is regularly laid out, with most of the streets run- 
ning parallel and at right angles with the river, which here runs in nearly a 
southeast direction, although some portion of the east side is laid out north and 
south. The general appearance and character of the improvements are good, 
fully equal with those of Eastern towns that possess no larger population. 
Some really handsome business blocks adorn the principal streets on either 
side, while the generality of the residences are neat and tasty in their appear- 
ance, with a few that are truly palatial in design, external finish and arrange- 
ments, surrounded by grounds that cannot fail to attract the attention and 
secure the approval of the most unobserving. The river, which is here some 
nine hundred feet in width, has good banks and a solid lime rock bottom, over 
which the water, clear as crystal, flows in sufficient quantities to afford motive 
power sufficient to drive almost any amount of machinery. This power, which 
is among the best, has, though but partially improved, already done much to 
advance the business prosperity of the town, and is destined at no very distant 
day to be of still greater value in encouraging manufactures and other material 
interests, without which no Western town can secure or hold a large business. 

FIRST SETTLERS. 

In June, 1846, James Virden, then a young man, a Kentuckian by birth, 
selected a claim on the east side of the river at Prairie Rapids, on Section 23, 
Township 89, Range 13, just above the original plat of the town of Waterloo. 
He did some breaking in that season, but did not build a cabin until the next 
year. About a month later, Charles Mullan and family arrived, and located 
on the west side of the northwest quarter of Section 26, northwest of the 
original town plat. Mr. Mullan was from Illinois, and became the first Post- 
master at Waterloo, and the first County Surveyor of Black Hawk. He died 
in August, 1874, at the age of 63 years. 

July 26, 1847, George W. Hanna entered Lots Nos. 1, 2 and 3, of Section 
26, being that part of the east half of the northeast quarter of Section 26 not 
covered by the river, and was the first entry of lands on which Waterloo was 
afterward laid out. In the Spri-ng of 1852, Mr. Hanna built a cabin on the 
west bank of the river, which was the first house built on the original town 
plat. It stood about one hundred and fifty feet west of the race bridge on 
Bridge street, on the site of a building that, in 1878, is called " Nauman's 
Office," and was occupied in the following Winter by Adam Shipley. The 



380 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

second building on the first tftwn plat was a rude shanty built by Samuel 
Aldrich, on the east bank of the river, at the corner of Third and Water 
streets, in the Fall of 1852; and the third by Adam Shipley. 

Prior to December, 1851, the place was called Prairie Rapids, or Prairie 
Rapids Crossing; but at that time the post office was established, and the name 
selected for it, by Mr. Mullan, was Waterloo. The first platting of the present 
town site was done in the Fall of 1853, by Charles Mullan, G. W. Hanna and 
John H. Brooks, and was the westerly portion of the original plat on the West 
Side. As originally surveyed in 1853, the town was laid out with due regard 
to the Government survey, and the streets were laid parallel with the Section 
lines. In the Spring of 1854, Lewis Hallock, who owned the balance of the 
land now in the original plat on that side, joined with Mullan & Hanna, and J. 
R. Pratt, B. M. Cooley and James Virden, who were the owners of the land on 
the East Side, had a plat made early in 1854, and then all the parties joined, 
and the united plat was recorded June 24, 1854. 

The Mullan part of the plat of Lots 1, 2 and 3 of Section 26, 89, 13, 
being the fractional east half of the northeast quarter of Section 26, was pre- 
empted in 1846, but was not entered until the 3d of May, 1852. Hallock's 
part of the original plat, on the West Side, was entered by himself February 25, 
1853, Lots 5 and 6, Section 25, being on southwest of northwest quarter of 
that section. Brooks' part was entered by W. J. Barney June 24, 1853, and 
conveyed to Brooks August 11th, of the same year. 

J. R. Pratt's part of the original plat, on the East Side, was entered by Isaac 
Carr on the 3d of May, 1852, and conveyed to Pratt June 4, 1853. Cooley's 
part was entered by George Plaisted June 25, 1852, and })urchased by Cooley 
June 7, 1854. Part of Virden's property was entered by himself January 10, 
1853, and the remainder, by W. J. Barney May 18, 1853, and conveyed to 
Virden April 7, 1854. 

Since the original plat was made in 1854, a large number of additions have 
been made, and the primitive town comprises but a small portion of the present 
thriving city of Waterloo. 

THE FIRST HOTEL. 

In 1853, Adam Shigley had built a story and a half log cabin, about 16x24 
feet, on the west bank of the river, near the ferry landing, near the corner of 
Second street and Cedar avenue. This was opened as a boarding house and 
sort of a tavern by Seth Lake, in the Fall of 1853 ; but it was a primitive aifair, 
and the accommodations exceedingly meager. 

Very soon after the first survey of the town plat was made, in the Fall of 
1853, Jared and Emerson, brothers, lumbermen, from Wisconsin, pur- 
chased Lot 3, Block 8, on the west side of Commercial street, and commeaced 
laying up the walls of a log cabin. But before it was completed they sold out 
to Solomon Ayers, who completed the building and lived in it during the Win- 
ter of 1853-4, keeping some boarders, as boarders were plenty and boarding 
houses few and far between at that time. The next Spring, in April, 1854, 
Ayers sold to Henry Sherman, who opened the cabin as a tavern, and called 
it the " Sherman House," which was practically the first hotel in Water- 
loo. 

In the Fall of 1854, he built an imposing two-story frame addition, on the 
southeast of the original structure. In this building was "the School Section," 
which those who stopped at the Sherman House in those days may perhaps 
remember. The " School Section " was one large room in the loit, in which a 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUiXTY. 381 

dozen or fifteen beds were placed. These beds were numbered from one to fif- 
teen, under Groat's management. It is said that when strangers came, the 
landlord would very consequentially direct the boy to show the gentleman up to 
No. 10^ for instance. "Is that a single room?" the guest would query. 
" Certainly, sir ! certainly sir !" The guest would vanish under the guidance 
of the factotum, with a tallow candle, but dismayed at finding fifteen beds in 
"his single room," each one, perhaps, except the one assigned to him, with two 
occupants, he would rush down stairs and salute the landlord with, " I thought 
you said, sir, that my room was a single one," only to return with a crest-fallen 
air to his dormitory when the landlord blandly returned for answer, "Well, is 
there more than one room up there ? " 

Besides "the School Section," there was another dormitory with five or 
six beds in it that was called " the Prairie," the entrance to which was only 
about three feet high, and which guests entered on their hands and knees. 

Sherman was genial, and kept a very fair house for those pioneer times. 
The old settlers tell numerous humorous stories, however, about the Sherman 
House and its jolly landlord. Perhaps some of the old settlers may remem- 
ber Charley McCloud, the tailor, who used to wait on the table for his board. 
The markets in 1854-5 were not very liberally supplied, but when there were 
strangers at the table, Charley would politely accost them with " Beef steak, 
mutton chop, or salt pork, sir?" "I'll take a bit of steak, well done, sir." 
" All right, sir ; in one minute." And away the enterprising waiter would 
hurry for a plate of fried pork, for he knew that was all the larder afforded ; 
and it was amusing to witness his gravity when he returned with a plate of 
greasy pork, and handed it to the disappointed guest with " I'm very sorry, 
sir. but the steak's all out." 

In 1856, the house was leased by M. T. Williams, familiarly known in this 
region as " Dad" Williams, and a partner named Eichelberger, who changed 
its name to Tremont House. Mr. Williams' brother, Henry D., came soon 
after, and became the popular Clerk of the Tremont. Eichelberger sold his 

interest to -D^Ji ^^d Day to Fuller, and at the expiration of their lease 

Sherman again became landlord, and the house was again known as the " Sher- 
man." Soon afterward, he leased to B. F. Thomas, under whose administration 

it was the " Franklin House."' Thomas was followed successively by 

Groat, Joseph Henry and Cormick, when Sherman resumed possession 

and again changed the name to the Sherman House. Sherman was followed 
by C. Brubacker. In April, 1864, Robert W. Chapman and Henry D. 
VVilliams purchased the premises and changed the name to the " Central House." 
In May, 1865, Chapman & Williams removed the " School Section " to the 
rear, converted it into a kitchen, an<l erected a three story addition in its former 
place. In the Spring of 1869, Williams purchased his partner's interest and 
became sole proprietor, but in 1872, leased to J. J. Sanford, and in 1873, sold to 
his brother, John H. Williams. Should any patron of the old " Sherman," 
" Tremont " or "Franklin " desire to revive old memories by a glimpse of the 
"School Section" or the "Prairie," Mr. Williams, of the "Central" will 
take pleasure in gratifying their wish. 

The first tavern on the east side was of logs, built by Samuel L. May, on the 
corner of Fourth and Sycamore street, on which, in 1878, stands Burnham's 
Block, and was kept by that gentleman until his death in the Winter 1855-6, 
when it was closed for a short time. It was afterward reopened by Job Engle, 
succeeded in a short time by his son, John C. Engle, and still later by Asa 
Shinn. 



382 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The second hotel was built by Myron Smith, in 1855—6. It was a small 
frame structure, on Water street, corner of Fifth, where the Key City House 
now stands. 

STORES. 

The first store in Waterloo was opened by Nelson Fancher, in 1853, in a 
log cabin on Third street, Lot 10, Block 2. He afterward sold out to Geo. W. 
Hanna, who removed to a log building, near where the square brick house is, 
on Lot 1, Block 1. Henry Kent had a store, in 1854, near the present resi- 
dence of John Elwell. The ferry landing was in the vicinity of these first 
stores. In May, 1854, B. J. Capwell & Co. opened a store in a log building 
fourteen feet square, on the corner of Block 8, below the Sherman House. Mr. 
Capwell states that he paid $250 for his corner, which probably included Lots 
1 and 2. He found seventeen buildings on the site of Waterloo when he arrived 
in 1854. 

Geo. B. Pratt and James Virden built and opened the first store on the East 
Side in 1853, at the corner of Fourth and Water streets. In 1854, Samuel 
, Aldrich opened a grocery on Sycamore staeet, which was known as " Uncle 
Sam's Grocery." The public was attracted by a sign, which, although not very 
artistic, was certainly novel, and read as follows : " L^ncle Sam's Grocery ; 
Rough and Reddy. Walk In. Don't be Alarmed ! " 

Whitney & Martin opened a store in the same year, and in 1855, S. P. 
Brainard opened a general stock. 

MILLS. 

The first mill was a saw-mill, run by horse power, which was located near 
where the Citv Mill now stands, on the West Side, and was put in operation in 
1854. 

The first movement made toward improving the water-power was made by 
James Eggers, who, having received permission from the County Court June 
20, 1854, immediately commenced constructing a log and brush dam, a little 
above the present one, and in three weeks after obtaining the permit he had a 
dam sufficiently high to raise the water two feet. 

In 1855, Eggers 'built and operated a saw-mill. The building is still stand- 
ing, and is occupied as a furniture factory. 

The first flouring-mill was erected in 1856 by G. W. Couch & Co., who 
commenced grinding early the following Spring. C. A. Farwell hauled the 
water-wheel for this mill from Rock Island, 111., and the buhrs from Iowa City. 

The mill was started with only one run of stones, but another was put in 
shortly afterward for grinding corn and feed. Previous to the erection of this 
mill, the settlers were obliged to go to Cedar Falls to mill ; and before the mill 
there was built. Cedar Rapids was the nearest point. This first mill is still 
standing on the West Side, and is known as the " Waterloo Mill." 

The first mill on the East Side was a one-story building, erected by W. & 
E. Mears in 1855-6. In 1857, a second story was added, and the machinery 
for a grist-mill was put in. This mill is still standing, above the " Cedar Mill." 

A ferry was established by Samuel L. Way in the Fall of 1853. (See 
" Ferries " in County History, page 326.) 

PROFESSIONAL, ETC. 

The first lawyer to locate in Waterloo was John Randall, who afterward, 
when County Judge, located the Court House ; for which act he has been and 
will continue to be held in remembrance by the people of the town and county. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 38:^ 

The first physician in Waterloo was Dr. McKinley, who located here 

in 1853. He was considered skillful in his profession, and is remembered as an 
excellent violin player. He did not remain here permanently, removing to 
Texas in 1854 or '55. 

The first celebration of the nation's birthday was in 1853. About 200 
people gathered on that occasion. An arbor was built of brush on the river 
bank, just above Mill Square, under which tables were spread and a picnic 
dinner provided. Among the speakers were John Virden and John H. Brooks. 

The next year, 1854, preparations were made for a big time. Various 
committees were appointed, and a free dinner promised ; but before the time 
appointed there was a " split," and the result was two celebrations — one at the 
Sherman House, where Edmund Miller read the Declaration of Independence 
and George Ordway stirred up the American eagle ; and the other at or near 
the Public Square, where G. W. Miller and Rev. S. W. Ingham performed like 
services for their country. It is said that Mr. Sherman had a flag, the only 
one in town ; but the others, not to be outdone, manufactured one out of 
unbleached sheeting and red cambric, forty feet long, which floated triumph- 
antly on the appointed day. 

In 1855, another grand celebration was held in Virden's Grove, a barbecue 
in the form of an ox roasted whole being the principal attraction. There was also 
a " horse company," which went through with all sorts of tactics and performed 
many maneuvers not recognized in military works, to the great edification of 
the assembled multitude. The barbecue was not a success, the ox being burnt 
on the outside and much too " rare done " on the inside — an illustration of the 
old adage that "too many cooks spoil the broth." S. W. Rawson, Esq., deliv- 
ered the oration on this occasion, and the instrumental music was furnished by 
Mason Hale and Elijah Balcom. 

The first dance in the town was in Dr. McKinley's log house, 12x14 feet, 
on the evening of July 4, 1854. It is said that the beauty and fashion of the 
city Avere out in full force on that occasion. The ball-room stood opposite the 
present residence of Judge Bagg. 

The first bank was opened by A. P. Hosford and Edmund Miller, in 1854. 
Their banking house was a one-story frame building, about 16x24 feet, on the 
southwest side of Commercial street, above the Sherman House, about where 
Forry's drug store stands in 1878. April 9, 1855, there was a surplus of 
$1,200 in the county treasury, which, by order of the County Court, the 
Treasurer was authorized to deposit with Hosford & Miller " on their giving 
ample security by notes and bonds." J. H. Leavitt, who came to Waterloo in 
1854, opened his bank on the opposite side of the street in 1856. William 
Hammond and R. Russell Avere also engaged in banking in Waterloo at an 
early day. 

On the East Side, the first bank was opened in 1867, by C. A. Farwell, on 
the corner of Sycamore and Bridge streets, on the ground now occupied by the 
First National Bank. This bank was established in February, 1865, on the 
West Side, with M. H. Moore, President, and G. W. Couch, Cashier. It was 
removed to its present location in February, 1874. 

The Ioii>a State Mef/ister and Waterloo Herald, was the first paper pub- 
lished in Waterloo. The first number bears date of December 8, 1845. A 
copy, the first sheet printed, was secured by F. S. Washburn, and is preserved 
by his widow. Some extracts from this first paper are entitled to a place in 
the history of Waterloo. Following the salutatory, in which the editor returns 
thanks for favors received, is an article headed "Bridge at Waterloo," which 



384 HTSTOEY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

he says "is one of the greatest wants of the present time," and concerning 
which there was considerable discussion, it being a question whether it should 
be built by subscription or by the county. The subscription plan was evidently 
the most feasible, as the paper announced that "some $4,000 had already been 
subscribed," and argued in favor of the construction of a "durable and 
capacious bridge, with side walks on each side, and room enough between for 
two teams to pass with ease." Following this is a description of a steam saw-mill 
then being built F. S. Washburn. The editor, having attended the raising, 
pronounced it a jolly affair. The building was fifty feet long by thirty-six feet 
wide, two stories high, and was to contain a muley, rotary and lath saw and 
shingle machine, the whole to be operated by a thirty-horse-power engine. The 
building was about thirty rods above the old railroad crossing, and in 1863 was 
taken down and the material used in the construction of elevator " B," at the 
Central Depot. The machinery was used in a mill' at Elk Run, and afterward 
taken to Minnesota. 

Then comes an article on the "Stage Facilities of Waterloo," starting out 
with the assertion that " perhaps no place in the West is better favored with 
conveniences of going everywhere, than Waterloo." The stages left the Sher- 
man House at 6 o'clock every morning for the south; 9 o'clock for the east; 
and at 2 o'clock in the afternoon for the north and west ; and the editor con- 
gratulates "our citizens" in having such superior traveling accommodations. 
The heading of the next article is quite metropolitan; it reads: "Waterloo — 
Its Population, Business Position and Prospects." It states that the popula- 
tion, taken the week previous, was 903 souls : of which number, 657 were on 
the West Side, and 246 on the East Side. The article goes on to illustrate the 
growth of the town, by saying that the year before the population was but 300, 
and that in the last of June in that year, the census showed 714 inhabitants, 
and saying that in one year Waterloo had trebled its population. It then pro- 
ceeded to state, "one year ago there were but three stores here; now there are 
seventeen, among which are dry goods, hardware, stove and tinware, groceries, 
clothing, bakery, druggists, cabinet, etc., etc. There are 20 carpenter, 3 black- 
smith shops, 1 harness shop, 2 shoemaker shops, 1 wagon shop, 2 livery stables 
and 1 millinery shop ; there are also 6 brick makers, 6 attorneys and 4 min- 
isters. We have three school houses, two of which are District schools, and 
one, a Seminary;" and, after discussing various other topics, the article con- 
cludes : " Nature has done everything for Waterloo, and her future residents 
will doubtless do the rest. We now want industry, shrewd management and 
capital, which will make it one of the largest cities in the interior of the State. 
As to the two first requisites, we have a large share of those, and we have some 
of the latter ; but there is a chance for the investment of any amount of capital 
to good advantage." 

A sale of East Waterloo lots, belon^ino; to the estate of the late Judge 
Pratt, took place on the 3d, 4th and 5th of December, which was largely 
attended. Bidders were present from New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New 
York, Wisconsin and other States. One hundred and nineteen lots were sold 
amounting to $15,527. The largest price for a single lot was $200, and one- 
third of the mill property was sold for $4,067. 

A literary society was in existence at that early day, a meeting of which 

was announced for Friday evening, at which the question for discussion was to 

be : "Do the signs of the times indicate the speedy dissolution of the Union ?" 

A notice of the "first hall of the season " also appears. This ball was at 

Capwell's new brick hall, then just completed, below the Sherman House, on 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 385 

the corner of Commercial and Fifth streets. The paper remarks that " all 
the (lancers appeared to be in fine spirits, and no doubt felt highly delighted to 
feel that the enterprise of Capwell & Co. had supplied a suitable place for their 
amusement. For balls and concerts the hall is well adapted, and we have no 
doubt it will be well patronized." 

November 29, 1855, a Democratic County Convention was held, the pro- 
ceedings of which were reported in the Register. George Ordway was Presi- 
dent ; S. P. Brainard, Vice President ; W. H. McClure, Benjamin Winset and 
S. D. McDowell participated in the proceedings. The resolutions were short 
and explicit, but read queerly. Among them were the following: 

Rfsohed, That in the main we approve of the administration of Franklin Pierce. 
Rixolved, That the repeal of the Missouri Compromise is just and democratic in its spirit. 
Resolved, That we adliere firmly to the principles of .Jetferson and his illustrious compatriots. 
Resolved, That we maintain the doctrines of Free Trade and State Rights. 
Resolved, That we ignore the organization of secret societies in party politics in general, and 
the party called Know-Nothings in particular. 

The third term of the Waterloo Seminary was announced to commence in 
January, 1856. The building was located on the corner of Ninth and Bluff 
streets ; J. B. Hewett was proprietor ; Otis Daggett, Principal ; and Chloe 
Severance (since Mrs. W. Miller), Assistant. 

George Ordway started a nursery, a mile or two west of the town, in 1855, 
and his advertisement appeared in the first paper. Hosford & Miller (A. P. 
Hosford and Edmund Miller) advertised lands for sale, insurance business, etc.: 
Randall & Miller (J. Randall and G. W. Miller), land surveyors and agents. 
Samuel Dearer was stone and brick mason ; Williams & Worcester, house, sign 
and carriage painters ; T. H. & J. Elwell, hardware and groceries ; B. J. Cap- 
well k Co., general merchandise ; S. P. Brainard advertised his store on the 
East Side. 

The highest water ever known in the Cedar River, at Waterloo, was on the 
1st of August, 1858. During the whole season the river was very high, over- 
flowing its banks and stopping the mills. The town was simply a group of 
islands, and boats sailed about in the streets. The supply of flour in town be- 
came exhausted, and for several days the people dieted on hulled corn. George 
Ordway went to La Porte City after something to eat, and after two days' hard 
work, by boat and wagon, he succeeded in reaching the submerged city of his 
home with eight hundred pounds of flour. 

During that wet season, twenty years ago, most of the business men of 
Waterloo went bare-footed, and generally with their trousers legs rolled up 
above their knees. In this way they went to church on Sunday, pushing the 
skiffs, in which the women were, before them through the sloughs. Boots and 
shoes and stockings were at a discount in 1858. 

During the season of high water, the current in the river was very rapid, but 
near the west shore was a large eddy extending for some distance down stream 
up to the mill. In this eddy, or circular current, the townspeople amused them- 
selves in boating. Paddling into the stream at the mill, boats were swept 
swiftly down the turbulent stream, when, drifting into the eddy, they were car- 
ried back again to the point of starting. 

On Monday, July 19, 1858, William Fiske, Melissa L. Corson, 16 years 
old, daughter of Charles Corson, and Ellen Case, about the same age, daughter 
of W. Ctise, crossed the river in a skifi', from the east to the west side, to enjoy 
the pleasing circular boat-riding with others. After a time they started to re- 
turn, were drifting down stream, when Fiske's brother, who was standing on 



886 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

shore, shouted to him to use his oars or the boat would be swept on to the island 
— "' Lover's Retreat " — over which the water was about four feet deep. Fiske 
heeded the caution and commenced rowing, but the boat struck an unseen snag 
just above the head of the island, instantly capsized, precipitating the occupants 
into the water. The young ladies were swept under and were drowned. Fiske 
managed to reach a tree on the island, to which he clung until he was rescued 
in an insensible condition by Dr. McFatrich. As soon as he recovered suffi 
ciently to speak, he asked if the girls were saved, and when told that they were 
drowned, his intellect gave way and he became insane. 

Several weeks afterward, funeral services were held at the Court House by 
Rev. A. G. Eberhart, and a few days afterward the decomposed remains of the un- 
fortunate girls were found in the timber skirting the river about three miles be- 
low the accident. Their bodies had become entangled in the thick brush into 
which they had been swept by the flood, and when the water subsided they rested 
there, the bones dropping to the ground as the bodies decomposed. They were 
discovered by a party of men who were traveling through the timber in that 
vicinity, whose dog brought to them a woman's shoe in which were the remains 
of a human foot. The shoe was identified as belonging to Miss Case, and after a 
brief search her remains were found as above described. The remains of Miss 
Corson were found soon afterward, and were identified by a gold chain she 
wore when she was drowned. 

The first railroad train on the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad arrived at 
Waterloo March 11, 1861. On the Burlington road, trains began to run in Oc- 
tober, 1870. 

A meeting was held at "Cap's" Hall, Waterloo, August 15, 1861, to con- 
sider the Swamp Land Contract entered into by the County Judge, and a com- 
mittee, composed of C. Mullan, S. D. McDowell and Mr. Shaw, was appointed 
to investigate the transaction. 

A "New York Festival" was held at Waterloo, January 22, 1862, 
with a supper at the Cedar Valley House. The toasts Avere responded to by 
Rev. J. Bidlington, Seth Newman, H. C. Raymond, T. L. Bowman, S. C. Barber, 
Rev. 0. W. Merrill, H. F. Peebles, George D. Perkins and J. B. 
Powers. 

On Saturday, September 22, 1866, the first span on the west end of the 
bridge across Cedar River at Waterloo, fell into the river, carrying with it three 
two-horse teams and a single team. Mr. Hutton, Supervisor from Bennington, 
was standing directly over the first pier when the bridge parted, and he was pre- 
cipitated into the pier and was injured severely. Several horses were killed. 
Workmen were engaged in repairing the bridge, which had become unsafe, and 
they had stretched a rope across to prevent passing, but this was removed by 
one of the teamsters, who thought he knew better than they whether the bridge 
was safe. He lost one of his horses and his load of wheat. 

The Waterloo Woolen Mill was built in 1866, by Messrs. Beck & Nauman, 
at a cost of $49,000, with Charles Blossburg as Superintendent. The mill com- 
menced running in the Spring of 1867, and was kept in operation, at a sacrifice, 
until 1875, when it was sold to the Union Mill Company for $11,000. By this 
company it was rented to Holmes, Emerson & Frances, by whom it was operated 
until March, 1878. Since that date, it has not been in operation, and can be 
rented for $800 per annum. 

The Waterloo Mill Company was organized in the Fall of 1867. Among 
trie principal stockholders were Hon. S. Bagg, John Elwell, A. Hungerford, R. 
Marson and G. W. Couch, the last-named being President. Their mill on the 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 387 

West Side was built in 1868-9. Seneca Cleaveland was the architect, and 
William Butterfield, millwright. 

The Cedar Mill Company was organized about the same time, perhaps a 
little before the Waterloo Company, and its mill was built on the East Side in 
1867-8. The principal stockholders were W. 0. Richards, A. Spencer, Nelson 
Fancher, J. Engle and E. J. Messinger. Mr. Spencer was President. 

In 1873, the Waterloo Mill Company and Cedar Mill Company were con- 
solidated under the name of the Union Mills Company, with T. H. Elwell, Pres- 
ident, and W. L. lllingworth. Secretary. President in 1878, A. T. Lane; Mr. 
Illingworth still remains Secretary. This company owns twenty-three-twent}^- 
fourths of the Mill Square and splendid water power, the other twenty-fourth 
being owned by Daniel & Slade, manufacturers of furniture. The Union Mills 
have 12 run of flouring stones, and manufacture daily 250 barrels of flour, 200 
of which are shipped. Three runs of stones for grinding feed turn out 600 car 
loads of feed annually. 

G-em. Lodge, I. 0. of Q-. T., was organized May 1, 1868, with W. W. 
Engle, W. C. T. 

POLITICAL RECORD. 

In the Spring of 1854, the town of Waterloo was surveyed and platted, and 
appears of record. At the November term of the County Court that year, a 
petition was presented asking the court to order an election, to vote upon the 
question of incorporation. The election was ordered for Monday, the 13th day 
of November. At the December Term the same year, it is certified that a ma- 
jority of the votes cast were for incorporation ; and another election was ordered 
on the 13th of January, 1855, for the purpose of choosing three persons to draft 
Articles of Incorporation, and that is the last entry. It is understood, however, 
that subsequently it was found there had been irregularities in the proceedings, 
and the matter was dropped in consequence. 

After this ineffectual attempt to attain to city honors, the matter was fre- 
quently agitated and one or two petitions circulated and presented to the County 
Court; but none blossomed into another vote until 1868, when, on the 26th day 
of May, a petition signed by R. A. Whitaker, H. J. Jenny and thirty-eight 
others was presented to the County Court, asking for the incorporation of Water- 
loo as a city of the second class, describing the territory designed to be included 
within the limits of the corporation, and requesting the court to take requisite 
steps to order a vote. Whereupon, Judge Daniel W. Foote appointed Samuel 
D. Shaw, P. J. Siberling, W. G. Burbee, Andrew Thompson and Robert Rob- 
inson Commissioners to call an election of the qualified voters to decide upon 
the question. 

On the 29th of May, the Commissioners issued the notice for an election at 
Central House, on Monday, the 22d day of June, at which election 679 votes 
were cast, 372 being in favor of incorporation and 305 against. 

On the 23d day of June, after certifying the returns, it was ordered and de- 
creed by the court that as a majority of the votes had been cast in favor of in- 
corporation, and the provisions of the law had been complied with, the city of 
Waterloo was incorporated as a city of the second class. 

On the 29th day of June, the Commissioners issued a notice for an election 
of officers, to be held at the Commercial Hotel (on the East Side), on Monday, 
the 20th day of July, at which time the following officers were elected : Mayor, 
R. A. Whitaker; Marshal, S. M, Hoff; Treasurer, C. A. Farwell ; Solicitor. 
Lewis Lichty ; Clerk, J. S. George. Trustees — First Ward, H. B. Allen, G. 



388 . HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Conger ; Second Ward, W. A. Crowther, John Hilferty ; Third Ward, Sullivan 
Day, F. E. Cutler ; Fourth Ward, R. D. Titcomb, Allen Spencer. 

The first ordinance passed by the new City Council was one fixing the rates 
for licenses for circuses and menageries. 

On the 1st day of March, 1861:*, the first regular election for city officers was 
held, R. A. Whitaker being elected Mayor ; Marshal, J. P. Evans ; Treasurer, 

C. A. Farwell ; Solicitor, Lewis Lichty ; Clerk, Lewis Lichty ; Assessor, A. C. 
Bunnell. Trustees — First Ward, H. W. Jenney, Henry Nauman ; Second 
Ward, L. C. Barber, C. W. Champlin ; Third Ward, F. E. Cutler, Sullivan Day; 
Fourth Ward, D. E. Champlin, R. D. Titcomb. 

OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF WATERLOO FROM 1870 TO 1878. 

Mayors— R, A. Whitaker, 1868-72; Lewis Lichty, 1873-6; Matt Par- 
rott, 1876-. 

Clerks— Lewis Lichty, 1869-72 ; William Galloway, 1873 ; J. H. Kuhns, 
1874. 

Treasurers— J. H. Leavitt, 1870-71 ; H. Nauman, 1872-3 ; C. A. Farwell, 
1876 ; John W. Krupfle, 1877 ; A. C. Bunnell, 1878. 

Marshals— J. P. Evans, 1870-72 ; James Ellis, 1873 ; J. P. Evans, 1874-5 ; 
H. H. Saunders, 1876-7 ; H. W. Jenney, 1878. 

Trustees for 1870— First Ward, H. W. Jenney, A. T.Lusch ; Second Ward, 
J. H. Preston, C. W. Champlin ; Third Ward, H. E. Cutler, H. M. Crittenden ; 
Fourth Ward, R. D. Titcomb, W. Russell. 

For 1871— First Ward, A. T. Lusch, G. W. Barnes; Second Ward, J. H. 
Preston, J. S. George ; Third Ward, H. M. Crittenden, H. B. Gilford ; Fourth 
Ward, W. W. Russell. 0. E. Hardy. 

For 1872— First Ward, G. W.'Barnes, L. A. Cobb ; Second Ward; J. S. 
George, William Hammond ; Third Ward, H. M. Crittenden, C. G. Ankeny ; 
Fourth Ward, W. W. Russell, T. W. Place (elected to fill vacancy of 0. E. 
Hardy, who resigned March 1, 1872). 

For 1873— First Ward, G. W. Barnes, L. A. Cobb ; Second Ward, Wm. 
Hammond, J. A. Fowler ; Third Ward, H. M. Crittenden, Matt Parrott ; 
Fourth Ward, T. W. Place, A. C. Bratnober, resigned May 7th, and W. Rus- 
sell elected to fill vacancy. 

For 1874— First Ward, G. W. Barnes, R. Russell; Second Ward, J. A. 
Fowler, J. Taylor : Third Ward, Matt Parrott, John McCabe ; Fourth Ward, 
T. W. Place, W. Russell. 

For 1875— First Ward, R. Russell, G. W. Barnes ; Second Ward, J. Tay- 
lor, Frank Neely (resigned November 3d, and W. A. Crouther, elected to fill 
vacancy); Third Ward, John McCabe, M. Ricker ; Fourth Ward, Adam Ros- 
gen, Andrew Thompson (to fill vacancy), W. Russell (resigned end of first year), 

D. B. Stanton (resigned April 5th). 

For 1876— First Ward, G. W. Barnes, Frank Neely ; Second Ward, AV. A. 
Crowther, James Ellis ; Third Ward, M. Ricker, John Palfreyman ; Fourth 
Ward, Adam Rosgen, D. R. Weaver. 

For 1877 — First Ward, Frank Neely, H. Nauman ; Second Ward, James 
Ellis, G. J. Mack ; Third Ward, John Palfreyman, F. S. Morrill ; Fourth 
Ward, D. R. Weaver (resigned November 7th), Louis Lichty (elected to fill 
vacancy), T. W. Place. 

For 1878— First Ward, H. Nauman, Frank Neely ; Second Ward, G. 
J. Mack, G. J. Maynard ; Third Ward, F. S. Morrill (resgned May 8), John 
T. Moran, W. W. Miller ; Fourth Ward, T. W. Place, Lewis Lichty. 



HISTORY' OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 389 



EDUCATIONAL. 

The first school house in Waterloo was about 16x22 feet, built of logs, on 
Lot 8, Block 7, on Jefferson street, between Fourth and Main. It was stand- 
ing until 1877, when it was removed to give place to a brick stable. It was 
erected in the Spring of 1853, and the first school in it was kept by Miss Eliza 
May, afterward Mrs. Isaac Virden. This log school house was used on the 
Sabbath for church, the Baptists, Presbyterians and Methodists occupying it alter- 
nately. 

In 1860, a school house was built on the site the present one now occupies. 

March 19, 1866, in accordance with an order of the Township Trustees, an 
election was held making West Waterloo an independent school district, and 
electing the following Board: S. D. Shaw, President; I. S. Shaw, Vice Pres- 
ident; E. R.Ware, Secretary; D. W. Foote, Treasurer; P. J, Barber, P. Smith, 
D. B. Stanton, Directors 

In 1871, the present school house was built by Jacob Reichards ; cost nearly 
$20,000, and was first under the care of Mr. Hood, Principal. The present 
Principal is W. H. Robertson. 

The first school on the East Side was taught by 0. E. Hardy, m the Winter 
of 1854-5, in a house then occupied by Myron Smith, but which was afterward 
a part of the Key City House. Afterward, Hardy transferred the school to a 
small building in the rear of Colburn & Geddes' marble shops. 

The Know-Nothings of that day used to assemble in the same building, which 
was subsequently used for a store by James Evans. 

The first school house on this side was a grout building, erected in 1855, on 
what is called Church Donation Block. It was used as a school house until 
1862. Schools were thereafter taught in private buildings until 1864, when a 
brick school house of four rooms was erected on Block 40, in which C. 0. 
Knepper taught the first school. 

The Independent School District of East Waterloo, was organized in April, 
1866, with the following first Board: 0. E. Hardy, President; Lewis Lichty, 
Vice President. R. A. Whitaker, Secretary; M. H. Voorhees, Treasurer. 

The primary school house in the Third Ward was built in the Fall of 1869, 
and Miss Hattie Wainwright employed as one of the first teachers. 

The present school building on Block 76, Fourth Ward, was built in 18 — , 
and its first Principal was Prof. J. K. Sweeney, who still occupies the position. 

Prairie Home Seminary. — In 1862, Miss Anna Field, a graduate of Mt. 
Holyoke Seminary, erected a large and handsome brick building at the head of 
Main street, designed both for school and dwelling purposes, and in the same 
year opened the '' Prairie Home Female Seminary," which became widely and 
popularly known as an excellent and well-managed institution. It continued as 
a female seminary until 1874, when young men were admitted and " Female " 
was dropped from the name. The average attendance for the past year Avas 
about forty-five. Common school branches are principally taught. Miss Field 
is still the Principal of the seminary. 

Iowa State Conservatory of Music. — Established in 1877, by E. W. Burn- 
ham. It is conducted in the second and third stories of Burnham's Opera 
House, where everything is admirably adapted for the purpose. The Conserv- 
atory employs two learned musicians as teachers, and has an average of about 
one hundred students. 

Burnharns Opera House. — Erected in Fall of 1877, and, although not 
possessing the external grace and beauty of some similar edifices, its interior is 



390 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

singularly adapted to the purposes for which it was built. Its stage is one of 
the largest in the State, and the main hall has a seating capacity of 1,000 
people. The scenery was painted by F. L. Lowell & Co., of Chicago. The 
Opera House was opened by the Emma Abbott Concert Troupe, in November, 
1877. 

The Cedar River Institute. — Established in Waterloo about 1875, by Mrs. 
C. L. Billings, who was an excellent teacher, but was compelled to suspend on 
account of ill health, at the close of 1877. 

Our Lady of Victory. — The school of the above name is located at Water- 
loo, and is conducted by the Sisters of Charity, B. V. M. It was first opened 
in August, 1872, and has proved quite a prosperous venture. As is the rule in 
Catholic schools, special attention is given here to music, languages and deport- 
ment. (See Catholic Church.) 

RELIGIOUS. 

First Baptist Cliurch. — A Baptist Church was organized in 1853, without 
any regular Pastor. The first service was held in a log school hou^e near the 
residence of George R. Crittenden. Rev. Mr. Bicknell, a local minister, and 
Elder Knapp, of Cedar Falls, held services occasionally. 

The first Pastor was Rev. J. C. Millsr. Under his pastorate, services were 
held in what is now known as Capwell's Hall. 

In September, 1857, Rev. A. G. Eberhart commenced his labors with the 
Church, and on the 12th day of April following, the society was incorporated 
under the laws of Iowa. The original incorporators were Nelson Ayers, T. I. 
Messick, Henry Sherman, Nehemiah J. Randolph, William C. Clough, Rufus 
Ordway and Reuben Rush. 

During the first few months of Mr. Eberhart's ministry, services were held 
in what was then known as Benight's Hall. Soon after the society was incor- 
porated, they purchased their present house of worship of the Presbyterian so- 
ciety. Mr. Eberhart remained with the Church some four years, and left it in a 
very prosperous condition. 

Rev. Frank Miller succeeded Mr. Eberhart as Pastor, remaining only a 
short time, and Avas followed by Rev. C Billings Smith, who continued with 
the Church some two years. After Mr. Smith's resignation. Rev. William L. 
Hunter supplied the pulpit some time before his ordination, and after it, remained 
with the Church nearly four years as its Pastor. He had the pleasure of seeing 
the Church increase largely in numbers and influence. He was followed by Rev. 
William Tilley, who remained one year, and was succeeded by Rev. E. K. 
Cressey, who resigned after terminating his first year. Rev. A. G. Eberhart 
was again called, but was obliged to resign in a short time on account of ill 
health. Rev. A. A. Russell followed Mr. Eberhart, but his labors were soon 
brought to a close on account of failing health. He was succeeded by the pres- 
ent Pastor, Rev. Richard Garton. 

The Church records were burned with the house of Dr. A. B. Mason, there- 
fore we cannot give the number received into the church by baptism and other- 
wise dui'ing the twenty-two years of its existence. 

The present membership is about two hundred and fifty. The church and 
society are in a very prosperous condition, sustaining one of the largest Sabbath 
schools in the place, with a large library. The Church now numbers about 
three hundred and fifty. 

The present officers are as follows : Pastor. Rev. Robert Garton ; Deacons, 
E. G. Baker, H. M. Van Buren, H. N. Ayers, Samuel Hall, C. P. Jones, A. 




' K.^ 





CEDAR FALLS 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 393 

J. Edwards ; Clerk, E. V. Hayden ; Treasurer. J. Taylor ; Collector, C. F. 
Morrill ; Trustees, D. F. Crouse, Robert Williams, John Sine, J. E. Chapman, 
A. J. Edwards, S. Bagg, I. Taylor; Sabbath School Superintendent, H. T. 
Roberts ; Assistant Superintendent, G. D. Frink. Connected with the church 
is a Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, officered as follows : Mrs. D. F. 
Crouse, President ; Mrs. C. K. Howe, Vice President ; Mrs. D. B. Ames, Sec- 
retary ; Mrs. W. H. H. Becker, Treasurer. The Ladies' Benevolent Society : 
Mrs. D. Z. Hartman, President; Mrs. Kate Frink, Vice President; Mrs. W. 
H. H. Becker, Secretary ; Mrs. Frank Ricker, Treasurer ; and also the Young 
Ladies' Home Mission Society: President, Miss Sadie Waychoff; Vice Presi- 
dent, Miss. 0. Right ; Secretary, Miss T. Magnis. The Church is in a pros- 
perous condition. 

The Congregational Church. — At a meeting convened at the school house 
in Waterloo on Saturday evening, August 23, 1856, by those interested in the 
principles of Congregationalism, Rev. Oliver Emerson, agent of the American 
Missionary Association, was called to the chair, and John H. Leavitt was 
chosen Clerk. 

As a result of this meeting, a council was called for the purpose of organiz- 
ing a church, September 24th, of same year. Rev. G. H. Woodward, of Toledo, 
Moderator, and Rev. A. Graves, of York, Scribe. The meeting was held in 
the log school house. 

The council were unwilling to advise an increase in the number of churches 
in town without prayerful consideration of the subject. But this was before the 
slavery question had been settled by the war, and when some branches of the 
Presbyterian system were maintaining a complicity with "the slave power; " 
and also at a period of the adoption of the " Church Extension Scheme," which 
finally resulted in breaking up the old union principles between Congregation- 
alists and Presbyterians. 

Had the present comity and good feeling between the two denominations 
existed twenty years ago, it is very doubtful if the Congregational Church of 
Waterloo had been organized. Among reasons given for the formation of the 
new society (many of which are now dead issues and not wisely revived), the 
originators say, " We wish to adhere to the faith of our fathers, because a depart- 
ure from it by so many of our brethren has injured the cause of truth, by giv- 
ing occasion to the representation that this course is a confession on their part 
that their principles are not worth maintaining." 

In an account of the organization, a writer in the Congregational Herald 
says : " The village of Waterloo is beautifully located on the Cedar River, about 
ninety miles from the Mississippi, on the line of the Dubuque & Pacific Rail- 
road. Two and a half years since, it consisted of a dozen log cabins. It now 
embraces more than twelve hundred souls, and is rapidly increasing in popula- 
tion and wealth. In illustration of the rapidity with which the village and 
vicinity are advancing, it may be stated that five saw-mills are constantlv in 
motion to supply building material, besides a large quantity of fine lumber 
brought from the Mississippi. The little Church now organized are in pressing 
need of a faithful minister : they think themselves able to pay one-half his 
salary, and, with assistance for a short time, will be able to assume his entire 
support." 

The original members were: Abram P. Hosford, J. P. White, Cynthia 
White, L. B. Worcester and wife, and John H. Leavitt. The Deacons first 
chosen were : J. P. White and L. C. Sanboi-n. The first Clork was John H. 
Leavitt, and first Pastor, Rev. T. S. La Due. The society first held its meet- 

G 



394 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

ings in the old log school house on Jeiferson street, afterward, in Benight's Hall, 
corner Fourth and Commercial streets, and in Capwell's Hall, corner Fifth and 
Commercial. 

In December, 1856, the Church was duly and Avisely incorporated, " for the 
purpose of taking charge of the financial interests of the Church," "the incorpora- 
tion to commence January 1, 1857, and continue twenty years, with the right 
of renewal." The incorporators were: A. P. Hosford, L. B. Worcester, L. C. 
Sanborn, J. P. White and J. H. Leavitt. There is no record of any infirmity 
or inadequacy of this body politic to pi'ovide for its own wants and interests. 

The present site of the church was occupied in 1857, the lower part of the 
edifice being used till 1862, when the upper part was finished and occupied 
without essential change till 1872, when both stories were thrown into one, and 
an extension of twenty feet added. The first pipe organ was brought to Water- 
loo by E. W. Burnham, Esq., in 1864, and placed in this church. It is a 
small but sweet-toned instrument, and now adorns the Congregational Church at 
Independence. Mr. Burnham purchased the great organ in 1872, which is 
rented by the society. In 1869, the society built a commodious parsonage on 
the corner of Washington and Fourth streets; this was first occupied by Dr. Geo. 
Thacher, Pastor, subsequently President of Iowa State University. According 
to the records, the first member admitted to the Church upon profession of faith, 
was Mrs. Wheeler, now Mrs. Wm. Robinson. The first baptism of adults was 
Mary Manwell, and of infants, Roger Leavitt. 

The ministers who have supplied the Church, are as follows : Revs. Thomas 
S. La Due, John S. Whittlesey, Orville W. Merrill, Smith B. Goodenow, 
Edward S. Palmer, W. H. Marble, George Thacher, D. D., late President of 
the State University ; Alfred A. EllsAvorth and Henry S. DeForest. The 
pastorate of the latter terminated in April, 1878, since which time the Church 
has been destitute of a Pastor. 

The Deacons have been : A. P. Hosford, L. C. Sanborn, L. B. Worcester, 
J. P. White, H. A. Lane, M. L. Burnham and J. H. Goodrich. 

Clerks— John H. Leavitt, 0. W. Merrill, H. A. Lane, C. T. Ingersoll, 
H. Belden, J. H. Goodrich and M. K. Cross. 

The Sunday school Avas not organized till the second or third year after the 
Church, and has been superintended, for one year or more, by H. A. Lane, A. 
P. Hosford, Geo. Ordway, J. H. Leavitt, H. W. Knapp, F. E. Churchill, C. 
W. Von Coelln, Dr. G. J. Mack, and others for a shorter term. 

The Church now numbers about 230 ; the Sabbath school, 150. The 

officers of the Church and society are : Pastor, . ; Deacons, 

Dr. M. L. Burnham, J. H. Goodrich, Esq., Mr. Henry A. Lane ; Clerk of the 
Church, Rev. M. K. Cross ; Superintendent of Sunday school. Dr. G. G. 
Mack ; Secretary, Schuyler Mitchell ; Librarian, E. S. Cobb. 

The first Trustees of the society, incorporated April 16, 1874, were: J. H. 
Leavitt, G. W. Gilbert, N. S. Hungerford ; Clerk of the society, J. H. Preston. 
Present Trustees : W. W. Forry, Dr. G. J. Mack and C. P. Hunt ; Clerk, J. 
H. Preston. 

St. Mark's episcopal Chu7'ch. — The first Episcopal service ever held in 
W^aterloo was on Sunday, Aug. 3, 1856, at which time Rt. Rev. H. W. Lee, 
then Bishop of the Diocese of Iowa, made his first visit to this place. Services 
were held in the morning at Capwell's Hall, on the West Side, and in the 
Grout school house, on the East Side, in the afternoon. In the evening, a meet- 
ing was held at Cnpwell's Hall, and an organization of a parish effected under 
the name of St. Thomas'. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAAVK COUNTY. 395 

The names of the persons subscribing to the Articles of Association were 
Charles Fiske, James S. George, J. C. Hubbard, J. H. Wilkins, William Had- 
dock and Edmund Miller, and the first vestry elected consisted of the above 
gentlemen, Avith the exception of Mr. Haddock. Mr. George is the only one 
of the above now a resident of Waterloo. 

The first officiating minister Avas Benjamin R. Gilford, Avho commenced his 
labors the following year, the society holding its services in Day's Hall, on the 
East Side. Mr. Gilford remained with the society until some time in 1859. 
Services were also held at Capwell's Hall, on the West Side, and at the Court 
House occasionally, until the completion of Russell's Hall, Avhen that was se- 
cured by lease. 

Rev. W. F. Lloyd succeeded to the rectorship in 1860, and held regular 
services in Russell's Hall, and continued as Rector until 1864. At a meeting 
held April 6, 1863, the name of the parish was changed from St. Thomas' to 
St. Mark's, for irregularities in the organization under the former name. At 
the termination of Mr. Lloyd's term the society Avas without a Rector for some 
time, occasional services being held by Rev. Henry C. Kinney, who also offici- 
ated at Cedar Falls. 

Rev. W. T. Campbell was called in October, 186d, and remained Avith the 
parish for about one year, services still being held in Russell's Hall. In June, 
1867. Rev. S. D. Day was called to minister to the parish, and in the year fol- 
loAving, the present church edifice was commenced. The Building Committee 
consisted of the Rector, R. Russell and A. T. Lusch. The foundation was not 
finished until late, and the frame was raised Sept. 21, 1868. The work was 
prosecuted as fast as possible, much of the plastering and inside work being 
completed during the Winter. 

The ladies belonging to the society rendered valuable and efficient services 
in raising funds, and through their exertions most of the adornments Avere pro- 
cured. 

The first service held in the church was held in the latter part of February, 
1869, Mr. Day preaching the first sermon to a very large congregation. He 
retained his connection Avith the parish until 1871. 

For several months after Mr. Day's removal, the parish was without a Rec- 
tor. Rev. J. E. Ryan was called latein 1871, but did not commence his labors 
until January, 1872, and is still the Rector. 

R. Russell was elected a member of the vestry in May, 1858, and has 
been continued in that office ever since — over seventeen years. Jas. S. George 
was a member from the organization until 1865, and for a number of years was 
Clerk. J. P. Evans also had a long service as Vestryman. C. A. Farwell 
was first elected in 1861, and continued a member of the vestry until 1868. 
Messrs. William Snowden, H. B. Allen, R. A. Whitaker, J. L. Cooley, H. W. 
Sill and Morris Case were among the earlier members of the vestry. Rev. 
Mr. Ryan is still presiding. 

First Methodist Episcojml Church. — Among the first Methodists of this 
city were Mr. James Virden, George W. Hanna and Mrs. Mullan. In 1852, 
there was a regular appointment for " circuit " preaching at James Virden 's 
house on the East Side. Waterloo was made a station in 1855. Rev. A. Cole- 
man was Presiding Elder, and Rev. S. W. Ingham, Pastor. Mr. Ingham was 
a local minister, much beloved, and an earnest preacher. When the first school 
house was built, the preaching service was held there. 

During the year, an extensive revival occurred, and over one hundred were 
added to the society. A Mr. Daggett, who taught the school, and wlu) was a 



396 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

local preacher in the church, rendered the Pastor eflficient aid in the work. 
The meetings during the revival were held in the old brick seminary, corner of 
Bluff and Ninth streets. West Side. Among others who joined the Church, as 
the fruit of the revival, were Mr. Benjamin Stewart and wife, and Mrs. G. W. 
Miller, who still remain in the society. 

Rev. J. G. Witted was appointed to the station in 1856, and occupied as 
the place of worship the stone hall then owned by John McD. Benight, now 
occupied as an office by Dr. Mack. The salary of the Pastor at that time was 
$760, and all paid. This certainly was much to the credit of the society. 

The following persons composed the Board of Stewards for that year : John 
McD. Benight, Guy R. Benight, G. W. Hanna, Stephen Bush, Benj. Stewart 
and Mr. Hewett. E. V. Cooley and John C. Mcllmoil were Class Leaders. 

In 1857, Rev. Mr. Sessions was Pastor, Avith the services held in Capwell's 
brick hall. A good revival was enjoyed this year. He was followed by Rev. 
H. Hood, for the year 1858, and Rev. E. A. Hill, in 1859, succeeded Mr. 
Hood. In 1860-61 Rev. R. Ridlington was Pastor. During his pastorate, 
the society prepared to build a house of worship, and before his removal the lot 
was purchased and the foundation laid. The Trustees of the society at this 
time were : Stephen Bush, Edmund Miller, G. W. Hanna, H. C. Drew, Benj, 
Stewart and Isaac Parmenter. 

Rev. Mr. Holmes followed Mr. Ridlington, in 1862, and this year the 
church was inclosed. In 1863, Rev. Wm. M. Sampson was appointed Pastor, 
but remained only a part of the year, the Rev. Dr. Thomas filling out the time. 

The basement of the church was occupied during* the Winter of 1863—4, 
and in the Autumn of 1864, Rev. Bishop Scott presided over the deliberations 
of the Upper Iowa Conference, which met in this city, and held its sessions in 
the basement. At the close of the Conference, Rev. Dr. John Bowman became 
Pastor. During his year of service the society was divided and the Church on 
the East Side was formed and their house of worship erected. 

Rev. S. A. Lee was the minister for 1865-6, and during his pastorate 
the church building was finished and dedicated, and the society was blessed 
with a gracious revival. 

Dr. Fairall followed Mr. Lee for the year 1867. Rev. U. Eberhart served 
as Pastor during 1868-9. In 1870-71, Rev. D. Sheffer was the minister, and 
the society was favored with a good revival. In 1872, Rev. W. Frank Paxton 
was appointed Presiding Elder, and Rev. S. A. Lee returned as the Pastor. 
Rev. W. P. Watkins was appointed Pastor for 1873. 

In October, 1874, Rev. J. T. Crippen was transferred from the Central 
New York Conference and stationed over this Church, which then had a mem- 
bership of about one hundred and eighty. The society owns a comfortable 
church a.nd parsonage, upon which there is no indebtedness. The Sunday school 
is in a prosperous condition, with a library, to which has been recently added 
one hundred dollars worth of books. G. W. Miller is Superintendent, and I. 
M. Hay, Assistant. 

The following compose the present Board of Church officials : 

Trustees — C. Brubacher. J. S. Glover, D. W. Foote, J. P. Hummill, W. 
P. Strayer, G. W. Miller and Samuel Deaner. 

Stewards — J. S. Glover, C. Brubacher, H. S. Van Buren, B. McCormick, 
A. Anderson, I. Hossman, W. T. Spencer, Benj. Stewart and I. M, Hay. 

Class Leaders — W. P. Carpenter and W. W. Evans. 

Following Mr. Crippen came Rev. Mr. Allen, who came in 1876 and 
stayed until 1877, when the present Pastor, Rev. H. 0. Pratt, took charge. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 397 

East Side Methodist Church. — At an early day, it became apparent that the 
division of the city by the river would necessitate the organization of a second 
M. E. Church, one on the east side, in addition to the one already in opera- 
tion on the west side of the Cedar river. Accordingly, the records show that a 
Board of Trustees was organized and Articles of Incorporation adopted as early 
as March 22, 1861, by the following citizens : J. W. Hankinson, G. R. Be- 
night, D. B. Gilbert, Joseph Gorrell, J. W. Ayres, Albert R. Hale and David 
Edwards. Also that at their first meeting a church was proposed and discussed. 

At their second meeting, June 16, 1862, J. S. Barbee, A. C Bunnell and 
Thomas Brooks were elected instead of Messrs. Benight, Gilbert and Edwards, 
and a committee was appointed to inquire into the feasibility of securing church 
room in connection with the school building then about to be erected in East 
Waterloo. That being impracticable, at their next meeting, February 21, 1865, 
it was resolved to proceed immediately to take necessary steps to build a church. 
The new members of the Board were E. P. Albee, Wm. Gilchrist, R. A. Whit- 
aker and George W. Hawver. Messrs. Barbee, Hankinson and Hawver, were 
the Committee to estimate the cost, and Messrs. Hankinson, Gilchrist and Al- 
bee were to supervise the erection of said building. The size resolved upon 
was 36x58. Proposals were received, and J. S. Barbee was assigned the con- 
tract. The church was finished and dedicated by Rev. Dr. Kynett, in Sep- 
tember, 1865, and Mr. Barbee settled with in October, 1865, paying him in 
full $4,600. Some of the subscriptions were not paid and had to be advanced, 
for which a mortgage was given, which mortgage and interest, amounting to 
some |1,300, was finally raised and paid in September, 1873, freeing the pro- 
perty from all incumbrance. 

The parsonage, which, with the furniture, is valued at $2,500, Avas built in 
1869, under the ministry of Rev. E. L. Miller, the Building Committee con- 
sisting of Edmund Miller, A. C. Bunnell and William Gilchrist, 

The first Sunday school met in a frame building on the bank of the river, 
known as Evans' Building, officered by John W. Ayers and J. W. Hankinson, 
at which time J. G. Witted, the sailor-preacher, was Pastor of the M. E. Church 
jn Waterloo; thence to the Court House, with A. C. Bunnell, Superintendent. 
Afterward, Day's Hall was the Sunday school room, said hall being a brick 
building on the site where the Reporter Block now stands. The Sunday school 
remained in Day's Hall until removed to the new church, in September, 1865. 

Johnson B. Hewitt was the first Class Leader, a devout and useful man, 
whose life was finally sacrificed on the altar of his country. Following him in 
that sub-pastorate were E. P. Albee and A. C. Bunnell, successively. 

Among the early members, besides the first mentioned Trustees and their 
families, were Mrs. Polly May, Mrs. E. Virden, Mrs. E. Doxey, and Mrs. J. 
Higgins and daughter. 

The Upper Iowa Conference held its sessions in Waterloo, in 1864. The 
venerable Bishop Scott presided, and was the guest of Edmund Miller. 

At that session, Rev. John Bowman was appointed Pastor, under whose 
ministry the first church was erected. Since then, the following ministers have 
served as Pastors : Revs. R. N. Earhart, J. B. Casebeer, E. L. Miller, H. S. 
Church, G. W. Brindell, and Rev. J. R. Berry, now closing with his third and final 
year in this city. Under his pastorate the Church has had great prosperity ; 
over 130 members have been added to the Church, and a new and beautiful 
church erected at a cost of |18,000. The corner stone Avas laid July 4, 1877, 
by Rev. W. H. Perrine, D. D., of Albion, Mich. The building was finished 
and dedicated Dec. 30, 1877, by Rev. Bishop E. G. Andrews, D. D. 



398 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE CHURCH. 



The building is in Gothic style. The foundations are of stone, rustic ashlar ; 
superstructure of brick, tastefully trimmed with terra cotta and white brick. 
The form of the building is nearly that of a Greek cross ; the main axis, the 
entire length of the foundation, being 104 feet, the transverse axis 67 feet. 
There are 3 gables, each 50 feet from the base, with rear gable of 30 feet ele- 
vation. The tower, with double front, is 14 feet square, 53 feet above water 
table, surmounted by a mansard roof, 18 feet, making the total height of tower, 
from level of street, 76 feet. The apex of the entire roof is finished in iron 
cresting, with finials at corners. In each gable there is a large triple-sashed 
window 9x20 feet, in Gothic form, supported by side windows of similar style, 
2x8 feet. There are three double and two single entrances, all surmounted by 
Gothic arches. 

The interior wood-work is finished in white and black walnut. The entire 
building is wainscoted in white, with base and rail in black. The ceiling 
is panel-work of white, with rails in black and sham trusses in white walnut, 
likewise pews, chancel and choir, all finished in Gothic style. The front pro- 
jection contains the lecture or Sabbath school room, and is 27x45 feet, with 
class-room adjoining, 15x15 feet, and separated by folding doors. The tran- 
septs contain the main auditorium, 45x62 feet, with front vestibule, 11x11 feet, 
and north vestibule, 6x15 feet. The chancel is a semi-circle, 9x18 feet, at the 
rear of which is the orchestra, 6x18 feet, and back of this the organ loft, 8x18 
feet. At the rear of the building, on each side, is a vestibule, 5x9 feet, lead- 
ing from the auditorium to the parlors, and also connecting with outside en- 
trances. The parlors are 14 feet square, connected by folding doors. 

The pews are arranged in a semi-circle, the aisles radiating from a center 
just back of the pulpit. By this excellent plan every auditor in every pew in 
the house directly faces the speaker. There are 105 pews, with seating accom- 
modations for 450 persons. By a simple and ingenious arrangement, the base- 
board around the whole auditorium is hinged so that it can be easily raised and 
form a seat, thus adding about 150 more to the seating capacity. The lecture- 
room, while it is directly in front of the pulpit, is separated from the main room 
by sliding doors of ground glass. These are hung on weights and can be 
dropped easily into the basement, thereby throwing the two rooms together and 
making an auditorium in extreme length 62x87 feet, and capable of seating 900 
persons. 

The principal windows are in memory of Mr. Edmund Miller, a former 
member and Trustee of the church, and were presented by his widow and sisters. 

First Presbyterian Church. — The First Presbyterian Church of Waterloo 
was organized by Rev. N. C. Robinson, on the 17tli day of September, 1854, 
with a membership of six, viz. : George Ordway,Mrs. George Ordway, Mrs. 
Marilla Beauchine, Mrs. Alvira Barrett, Zimri Streeter and Mrs. Charlotte 
Lake. Mr. Robinson continued to preach to the Church once in two or three 
weeks until late in the Fall of 1854, when he accepted a call to the church in 
Vinton. 

In the Fall of 1854, Rev. James M. Phillips commenced his labors at Wa- 
terloo, Cedar Falls and Janesville ; residing at Cedar Falls, and continued to 
preach at Waterloo once in two weeks for about one year. 

Mr. Phillips was succeeded in the Fall of 1856 by Rev. Moses Robinson, 
who devoted his whole time to this society ; and during his ministry of about 
one year, the erection of a church was commenced. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 399 

Rev. James Harrison, still a much esteemed and honored resident of Water- 
loo, was the next Pastor of the church, commencing his labors in the Summer 
of 1856 and continuing until the Spring of 1868. At that time, Rev. William 
Fithian assumed the pastorate, and continued for several months in charge. 

The first church building, now occupied by the Baptist society, was com- 
menced in 1856, but was not finished until the following year, and was dedicated 
in the Fall. When the society began planning for the edifice the country was 
in a flourishing condition ; settlers were coming in rapidly ; money was compar- 
atively plenty, and no one expected a sudden change, such as followed. The 
society planned for the future, and built accordingly ; but when the financial 
crash of 1857 came, could net fulfill their engagements. Aid that had been 
promised in the East failed to come, owing to a bank failure ; property began 
to depreciate and members to scatter. With all these discouraging surround- 
ings, it was thought best to sell the property, which was accordingly done. 
After the sale of the church, the society was for a long time without a Pastor, 
and its usual services were suspended. 

During the years 1860 and 1861, occasional services were held, and a small 
part of the time regularly once in two weeks, conducted by Rev. James M. 
Phillips, of Cedar Falls, and Rev. David Blakely. w^ho then resided near Wa- 
terloo, on a farm, and by occasional supplies. 

Late in the year 1864, Rev. Stephen Phelps, now a resident of Vinton, 
commenced his labors with this Church in Russell Hall, and continued to labor 
with great acceptability till his health failed, in the Spring of 1869, when he 
resigned his pastorate. The present pleasant and commodious brick church on 
the corner of Fourth and Jefferson streets, was erected during the Summer of 
1867, and dedicated free of debt in November of that year. The building was 
not completed without a struggle, and only with the assistance of contributions 
from abroad, and a donation from the Church Erection Committee of the Pres- 
byterian Church. Prominent among the contributors was Myron Phelps, Esq., 
of Lewistown, 111., father of Pastor Phelps, a most exemplary and Christian 
man, who gave over $1,000. 

In the Summer of 1869, Rev. A. R. Olney, just graduated at Union Theolog- 
ical Seminary, New York, commenced his labors as Pastor of this church, and 
continued with them one year. He was succeeded by Rev. W. W. Thorp in 
the Fall of 1870. During the year 1871, funds were raised for the purchase 
of a pipe organ, and an addition was built in the rear for an " organ loft " and 
Pastor's study, with session room, etc. The advent of the organ was celebrated 
with a concert at the church on the evening of November 22, 1871, at which 
the superior merits of the instrument were fully demonstrated. 

Early in 1873, Mr. Thorp tendered his resignation, to take effect the first 
Sunday in March. After his departure, there were only occasional services 
until in August, 1873, when Rev. I. E. Carey commenced his labors. Since 
that time the pulpit of the Church has been filled by Rev. Mr. Carey, Rev. A. 
K. Baird, Rev. Geo. R. Carroll and Rev. Rockwood McQuesten, the present 
Pastor. The present Elders are : W. C. Morris, A. W. Morrill, E. A. Ray- 
mond, W. H. Curtis, R. F. Sulzer and George Ordway ; W. C. Morris, Clerk. 

The members on the church record now numbers about 107. The Sunday 
school, Prof. W. H. Robertson, Superintendent, averages about 100 pupils, and 
the library contains about 300 volumes ; E. A. Raymond, Librarian. 

The Catholic Church. — The first Catholics are "believed to have located in 
Waterloo in the year 1852 or 1853. For a year or two, they Avere visited occa- 
sionally by Rev. Fathers Slattery and Baumgartner, the latter of whom then 



400 HISTORY OF BLACK HAAVK COUNTY. 

resided at Gilbertville. About this time, Waterloo and the surrounding mis- 
sions were given in charge of Rev. John Sheil, who fixed his residence in 
Waverlj, Bremer County, and for some years attended to the spiritual wants of 
the few Catholics scattered tiirough the surrounding counties. 

In 1856, through the exertions of Mr. B. Kelly, two lots were purchased, 
and the first church edifice erected on the corner of Mulberry and Third streets, 
East Side. 

In the Spring of 1867, Rev. Mr. Shiel was succeeded in the mission by Rev. M. 
Flavin, who remained only one year, and in the Spring of 1868, was succeeded in turn 
by Rev. P. J. R. Murphy, who, like his predecessors, resided in Waverly. He 
continued in charge of the missions until the time of his death, which occurred 
in August, 1869. During the Summer of 1868, Father Murphy caused the 
church to be enlarged to its present size. On the 23d of October, 1860, Rev. 
N. F. Scallan, the present Pastor, arrived in the city, and became the first res- 
ident Pastor of the church. In the Spring of 1870, the pastoral residence, a 
neat frame structure, was erected near the church. 

In September, 1871, one-fourth of a block was purchased on the corner of 
Mulberry and Second streets, and the foundations laid for a Catholic school 
building, which was completed in August of the following year. This building, 
known as the School of Our Lady of Victory, is 50x50 feet, two stories high. It 
affords a residence to the Sisters of Charity, B. V. M., who have charge of the 
school, and ample accommodations for 250 pupils. The Sisters opened school 
August 26, 1872, and the attendance has generally averaged 200 pupils. The 
number of teachers constantly employed is five, which may t:e increased at any 
time the number of pupils may demand it. The branches taught include all 
those usually comprised in an academic course. Pupils of any denomination 
may be admitted, but are always required to conform to the external usages of 
the institution. 

The congregation of St. Joseph's Church numbers, at present, somewhat 
over one hundred families, who are already taking steps toward the erection of 
a new and more commodious church. 

Evangelical Association — In the year 1857, the Cedar Valley country was 
taken up as a mission field by the Illinois Conference of the Evangelical Asso- 
ciation, and that year Jacob Schoefile and J. Mohr were sent by said Confer- 
ence to seek the German settlers in these regions, and preach the Gospel of 
Christ among them ; and as far as we can learn, Schoefile was the first German 
missionary who passed through Waterloo. Finding no opening in this place, 
he passed on to Cedar Falls, where he found an open door. 

In the following year, H. Kleinsorge, as successor to Schoefile, took up 
Waterloo as an appointment ; but his mission field being too large, extending 
from La Porte City north into Bremer County, west into Hardin County, and 
to Fort Dodge, and the Germans then but fiw in Waterloo, he did not preach 
here very often. 

In 1861, H. Hinze was sent to this mission, but he only preached occa- 
sionally in Waterloo. C. Pfile, also from the same Conference, visited Waterloo 
at intervals. Then followed Jacob Kieper, from the same Conference, who 
preached several times in Waterloo, during the year 1868. 

In 1864, C. Berner was sent to this field of labor. A Conference had been 
organized in Iowa, and, as the mission territory was more divided, he could pay 
more attention to Waterloo, and preached more regularly. The services were 
held in a hall owned by J. D. Weaver, formerly Day's Hall ; but up to this 
time no church had been organized. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 401 

In the month of May, 1865, Joseph Harlacher emigrate<l from Wisconsin 
and joined the Iowa Conference, and was by the same appointed to Cedar Falls 
and adjoining appointments. He commenced to preach regularly in Waterloo 
in that year, in the above mentioned hall. About this time, several families, 
members of the Evangelical Association, had moved to Waterloo from Illinois, 
and the same Fall the first Church of this order in Waterloo, consisting of about 
ten members, was organized by Mr. Harlacher. Preaching was continued in 
Weaver's Hall for some time, but later in the same year it was changed to 
Champlin"s Hall. In this location, the religious meetings were held for several 
years, during Avhich period the church was strengthened by several revivals, a 
goodly number being converted and added to the Church. 

In the year 1870, while C. H. Egge had charge of the society, a house of 
worship was erected, in which the society still worship, with a membership of 
about fifty. For the present, the society conduct their worship altogether in the 
German language. A Sabbath school is also held every Sabbath morning, at dh 
o'clock, in the German language. The Superintendent at present is Peter 
Jacobe. The present Pastor of the Church is Rev. N. Shook. 

Grerman Lutheran Church. — The first services of this society Avere held in 
the basement of the Congregational Church, commencing in 1866. Rev. Mr. 
Durchner was the minister, and divided his time between Cedar Falls and 
Waterloo, preaching alternate Sundays at each place. Some time in 1877, Beck 
& Nauman's Hall was leased as a place of worship, Rev. Mr. Foelch succeeding 
Durchner, and preaching on alternate Sundays for several years. 

Articles of Incorporation were adopted July 1, 1869, under the name of 
"The Lutheran Church of Waterloo," the object being, as stated therein, "To 
secure the worship of God, and promote religion and morality among the Ger- 
man population in the vicinity of Waterloo." The incorporators named were 
John Nauman, D. Ivruse, Henry Vogel, Charles F. Sury, Godfried Hartman 
and Conrad Bochringer. The first Trustees were Charles F. Sury, Godfried 
and Conrad Bochringer. 

Rev. Joseph Westenberger was the first regular Pastor of the society, com- 
mencing his labors in 1872. Under his administration, the present church 
edifice was commenced and finished. It is a brick structure, 30x56 feet on 
the ground, and is located on Jefferson street, between Third and Main. Work 
was commenced in July, 1872, ;ind the building was occupied in October follow- 
ing. It has a seating capacity of about two hundred, and cost |2,500. To the 
credit of the society, which is one of the smallest in the city, is to be mentioned 
the fact that all the building expenses have been paid and the property is free 
from debt. 

Rev. William Burhreng was called in January, 1874, and left in July of 
the same year. Rev. Mr. Foelch, from Cedar Falls, filled the office until 
November, 1875, when Rev. Chris Mordorf, the present Pastor, came. He 
is assisted by Henry Schurz. 

May 26, 1878, these gentlemen established a school at the parsonage, teach- 
ing both American and German languages. They have fifty-two scholars. 

A Sunday school was organized about the time services commenced, the 
Pastor acting as Superintendent. 

Free- Will Baptist Church. — On the 22d day of January, 1867, the follow- 
ing-named persons were organized into a Free-Will Baptist Church in this city : 
Rev. D. E. Champlin, Mrs. L. Champlin,, Mr. and Mrs. S. V. R. Slade, Mr. 
L. Ellis, Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Bowers, Mr. 'and Mrs. P. McStay, Mrs. A. Heis- 
rodt, Miss J. Hubbard and Miss M. J. Heisrodt. 



402 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The first meetings of the above organization Avere held in Champlin Hall : 
but in the following year, the present church edifice was erected, situated on the 
corner of La Fayette and Main streets, and dedicated on the 29th day of 
November, 1868, Rev. 0. E. Baker, of Wilton College, preaching the dedica- 
tory sermon. The Church has not enjoyed the privilege of constant pastoral 
care, although able and earnest men, including the Revs. D. E. Champlin, C. B. 
Messer and 0. E. Baker have rendered it eflficient service. 

In January, 1874, a call was extended to its present Pastor, the Rev. J. J. 
Hall, late of C. H. Spurgeon's College,, London, England, Avho, having accept- 
ed the invitation, commenced his labors with the Church the following March. 
Under his labors the Church enjoyed considerable progress, the membership 
having increased from thirty-five to seventy persons. 

Rev. 0. E. Baker, who had previously preached for the Church as a tempo- 
rary supply, became Pastor August 1, 187G. 

Considerable additions have been made to the Church membership of late. 
The Church maintains a flourishing Sabbath school, conducted for several years 
by S. V. R. Slade, and for the past year by E. Cleveland. A valuable library 
and other Sabbath school helps are liberally furnished the school. 

The Free Baptist Church announce as their distinguishing principles — one 
Lord, one faith, one baptism, free will, free salvation, free communion, free 
church government, free pews, free speech, free men. Pastor, Rev. 0. E. Baker. 

Universalist Society. — Universalist services were first held in 1868, at. 
which timis Rev. R. G. Hamilton preached regularly in Lincoln Hall. He 
removed to Clinton the following year, and then for several years there were no 
regular services. 

In 1873, Rev. J. J. Austin, who formerly had charge of a large church 
in Indiana ; but his health failing him, he came to Waterloo, partly to regain his 
lost health and partly on business for himself and others. Shortly after his arrival 
here, he commenced preaching occasionally in Union Hall. About this time, 
the society re-organized and held regular services and a Sunday school, and in 
the Spring of 1875, it was incorporated and purchased a fine lot on the East Side. 

Not long after this, the Society ceased to hold regular services, and have 
not, as yet, commenced active work. They are, however, looking hopefully to 
the future. 

Free Methodist Church. — This Church was organized in 1874, with a mem- 
bership of tliirty-two, and first held services in a building on the bank of the 
river, on the East Side. Rev. J. W. Dake was the Pastor in charge. 

In 1875, the society built a church edifice on the East Side. The Church 
has been presided over by the following Pastors, in the order named, succeeding 
Mr. Dake : Revs. Crawford, Buss, Scott and Rev. C. E. Herroun, the present 
minister. The membership is now about fifteen. 

The Church of the Brethreri. — The Church of the Brethren was organized 
in 1855, by John Speicher, Elder. The first meetings were in private houses. 
The points of belief are faith, repentance, conversion, holy communion, wash- 
ing of feet, kiss of charity, anointing the sick with oil in the name of the 
Lord, etc. The original members were from Germany, and the first church 
in this country Avas established in Germantown, Penn., about one hundred years 
ago. 

The society at Waterloo was first supplied by Elders E. K. and Benjamin 
Beuchlay, who continued until early in 1878, when Rev. John Wise came, who 
is still presiding. The society now meets in a hall formerly known as Cap- 
well's Hall, which is nicely furnished for church purposes. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 403 

The Cliurch of Christ was first organized in this city, with a small mem- 
bership, in the year 1855. It was re-organized in 1872, and met regularly in 
the Free Baptist Church every Sunday afternoon, for a short time. There has 
never been any settled Pastor, and the society is not meeting at all at present. 

MASONIC. 

Waterloo Lodye^ No. 105. — This Lodge was organized under a dispensation 
issued by Grand Master Sanford to Timothy Rowell, Ephraim Mears, S. P. 
Brainard, Wm. McCall, P. W. Ingham, V. V. Locey, John Mcllmoil and H. 
E. Hurlburt, authorizing them to open a Lodge of Masons in this city. The 
charter was granted in June, 1857. 

The first officers elected were : Timothy Rowell, W. M.; Ephraim Mears, 
S. W.; S. P. Brainard, J. W.; V. V. Locey, Secretary; H. E. Hurlburt, 
Treasurer; John Mcllmoil, S. D.; Wm. NcCall, J. D.; S. W. Ingham, Tiler. 

The first hall occupied by the Lodge was the upper story of J. C. Hubbard's 
store, just below Wood's Block. In 1862, the Lodge was removed to the 
Althouse Building on Bridge street, and in November, 1868, another move was 
made to the third story of Pardee's Building, which is still occupied. 

The first "jewels" were made of tin. The first candidate initiated was J. 
C. Hubbard, and the second, J. W. Hankinson. The Masters of the Lodge, 
after Rowell, were : S. P. Brainard, who served five years in that capacity ; G. 
W. Couch, R. A. Whitaker, T. A. Covert, A. D. Griffin and Frank Neely. 

The present officers are as follows: H. H. Saunders, W. M.; H. L. Shutts, 
S. W.; H. C. Roberts, J. W.; Henry Nauman, Treasurer; G. A. Eberhart, 
Secretary; Charles Shirland, S. D.; Jos. Bennett, Jr., J. D.; G. R. Critten- 
den, S. S.; John V. Smith, J, S.; John Jackson, Tiler. 

Victory Lodge, No. 396.— On the 3d of October, 1870, Grand Master Scott 
issued a dispensation to about thirty members demitting from Waterloo Lodge 
to organize a new Lodge, which was accordingly organized and named as above. 
The charter was issued in June, 1871. 

The officers named in the dispensation, and who were continued through the 
■first year, were R. A. Whitaker, W. M., and who has occupied the position 
till 1878 ; J. W. McClure, S. W.; Matt Parrott, J. W.; Lewis Lichty, Sec- 
retary ; D. B. Stanton, Treasurer, which position he still holds ; E. Ellis, S. 
D.; D. M. Crouse, J. D.; H. J. Main, Tiler. 

The first room occupied by Victory Lodge was the second story of the build- 
ing now occupied by Rider & Bailey, and in 1873, arrangements were made 
with M. L. Burnham for the third story of his block, which he added that year. 
The new room was furnished throughout in the most elegant manner. The first 
meeting in the new room was held January 2, 1874. 

The present (1878) officers are as follows : Matt Parrott, W. M.; J. Mosher, 
S. W.; C. Ragan, J. W.; A. W. Morrill, Treasurer; A. I. Breckinridge, Sec- 
retary; D. Robey, S. D.; F. S. Morrill, J. D.; J. C. Elwell, S. S.; I. E. 
Chapman, J. S.; H. Lampe, Tiler. 

Tabernacle Chapter, No. ■'>:>, R. A. M. — Chartered October 17, 1870, with 
Frank Neely as High Priest. The Chapter holds its meetings in the hall of 
Waterloo Lodge. The present officers are : R. A. Whitaker, H. P.; Chancy 
Maynard, K.; H. L. Shutts, Scribe; James Ellis, Treasurer; D. R, Weaver, 
Secretary. 

Ascalon Commandery., No. '3o, K. T. — Instituted December 5, 1875, by 0. P. 
Waters, from Burlington. And the following first officers were elected : Frank 
Neely, E. C; D. B. Stanton, G.; J. P. Sherman, C. G.; Matt Parrott, P.; L. 



404 HISTORY OF BLACK HAAVK COUNTY. 

H. Cobb, Treasurer ; H. W. Jenny, Recorder. Its present officers are : Frank 
Neely, E. C; L. Sharpless, G.; I. A. Shipman, C. G.; Matt Parrott, P.; 
H. L. Shutts, Treasurer ; R. A. Whitaker, Recorder, The Commandery num- 
bers, at this date, thirty-one members. It meets the first Thursday in each 
month. 

An Eastern Star Lodge was instituted in 1873, but survived only a few 
years. 

ODD FELLOWS. 

Black Hawk Lodge, No. 72. — This Lodge was instituted at Waterloo, Iowa, 
in the second story of J. C. Hubbard's store, since known as the American 
House, on the 5th day of June, 1855. The ceremonies of institution Avere per- 
formed by Special D. D. G. M. Benjamin Rupert, of Dubuque. The charter 
members were J. C. Hubbard, Oren E. Hardy, W. K. Worcester, John McD. 
Benight and Henry Sherman. The Lodge started with a fair membership, hav- 
ing received several additions on the night of institution, and continued to flour- 
ish until the memorable hard times of 1857—8, when, it being impossible for 
most of the members to spare money to pay their dues, it was determined, though 
very reluctantly, to surrender their charter until better times, which was accord- 
ingly done. They, however, paid their G L. dues, and paid their rent with 
their carpet, stove, chairs, etc., so that they went down honorably. It was no 
doubt a source of much sorrow to the small band of brothers to be thus com- 
pelled, by circumstances beyond their control, to give up the ship of F., L. and 
T. ; but it was the best they could do. 

This first attempt, however, though rather short lived, was not to be the end 
of Odd Fellowship in Waterloo ; for in a few years we find a change had come 
over the finances of the country, indicative of better times. Other men who 
were members of the triple-linked fraternity began to appear upon the scene, 
and they, after some consultation with others who had taken part in the first 
attempt, determined to begin again and to make it successful. Accordingly, in 
the year 1867, the Lodge was re-instituted in the upper story of the building 
then used as a saloon by G. Althouse, with A. C. Bunnell, 0. E. Hardy, J. C. 
Hubbard, T. Wiley and B. J. Capwell as petitioners. They received their same 
old seal and the same charter, which, we omitted to state, was granted October 
11, 1855, by Martin Heisey, Grand Master; William Garrett, of Burlington, 
Grand Secretary. 

W. Russell was the originator of the revival, and to him is the Lodge largely 
indebted for its present prosperity. The re-organization occurred June 2, 1867. 
The ceremonies were again conducted by Benjamin Rupert, who was at that 
time Grand Master of the State. 

In the Fall of that same year the Lodge was moved from Althouse's build- 
ing to the hall formerly occupied, over J. C. Hubbard's store. When the 
building of Pardee k Bro. was finished they removed into the third story ; from 
there to the second story of M. H. Barker's building, East Side; from there to 
the third story on the opposite corner, owned by M. L. Burnham. They now 
occupy a hall over Shutt & Barber's drug store, which is elegantly and taste- 
fully fitted up. Their present officers are : S. F. Walker, N. G. ; George Pur- 
die, V. G. ; R. Lester, Secretary ; Harvey, P. S. ; J. D. Weaver, Treasurer. 
The Lodge meets every Wednesday evening. 

Waterloo Encampment, No. ol, was instituted at Waterloo on the 8th day 
of February, 1871, with W. Russell, L. F. Walker, A. Ohler, D. M. Grouse, 
S. Wells, R. Robinson and R. McDonald as charter members. The charter 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 405 

was granted the 10th day of January, 1871, by E. W. Hartman, Grand Patri- 
arch, and William Garrett, Grand Scribe. The ceremonies of institution were 
conducted by Benjamin Rupert, of Dubuque, Special Grand Patriarch. The 
Camp started favorably, and has flourished and prospered in the practice of 
Faith, Hope and Charity. It has had one off-shoot, to wit : Parkersburg Camp, 
No. 62, the charter members of which were members of Waterloo, No. 51. This 
is the most beautiful branch of the Order, and, like the subordinate Lotlge, al- 
ways keeps its "latch-string" hanging outside to visiting brothers, and hos- 
pitality is never refused to those who adheie to the Golden Rule. 

The present officers are : J. D. Weaver, Chief; R. Lester, H. P. ; J, Davis, 
S. W. ; D. B. Smith, J. W. ; Harvey Smith, Scribe ; L. F. Walker, F. S. ; G. 
Hartman, Treasurer. The Lodge meets the first and third Tuesday of each 
month. 

A. 0. OF u. w. 

Waterloo Lodge, No. 26, was organized by D. D. G. M. W. H. W. Holman, 
from Dubuque, May 11, 1875, with the following charter members : R. A. Whit- 
aker, A. J. Edwards, I. W. Christ, Lewis Lichty, J. H. Kuhns, E. Swank, D. R. 
Weaver, A. B. Vanbolkenburg, M. Partridge, D. B. Stanton, G. W. Hazlitt. 
H. W. Brown, C. B. Stilson, H. Lampe, H. Lindley, H. Hirst. The Lodge 
was first officered as follows: L. Lichty, P. M. W.; R, A. Whitaker, M, W.; 
A. J. Edwards, F.; J. H. Kuhns, 0.; D. R. Weaver, G.; C. B. Stilson, 
Rec. : E. Swank, Financier; M. Partridge, Receiver; H. Lampe, 0. W.; 
A. J. Edwards, Lewis Lichty and C. B. Stilson, Trustees. The present (1878) 
officers are: S. J. Hoot, P. M. W. ; H. T. Roberts, M. W.; J. T. Burkett, F.; 
H. Lampe, 0.; C. C. Bigsbey, G. ; C. B. Stilson, Rec. ; R. A. Whitaker, 
Financier; H. Hirst, Receiver; J. A. Smith, I. W.; H. H. Lewelyn, 0. W.; 
G. H. Robinson, G. F. Roberts and A. J, Edwards, Trustees ; G. H. Roberts 
and B. Banton, Medical Examiners. The present membership all told is 75. 
The Lodge meets evei-y Tuesday evening, in Victory Hall. 

Goethe Lodge, No. 95, was the next Lodge of this order organized in Water- 
loo. It was instituted Jan. 26, 1877, by D. D. G. M. W. H. W. Holman, 
now of Independence ; is made up principally of German citizens, of whom 
the following were charter members : Prof. Frederick Barth, Godfred Hartman, 
H. H. Bezold, Henry Eifert, Tobias Wiley, Kasper Weis, Antony Dusman, 
John Christian, Martin Grady, Matthias Tittman, Constantino Stein, Charles 
Adler, Benhart Kinstler, Marcus Kahler, Frank Beck, Edward Fisher. The 
following were its first officers : Henry H. Bezold, P. M. W.; Frederick Barth, 
M. W.; Tobias Wiley, F.; Godfred Hartman, 0.; Henry Eifert, G.; Charles 
Adler, Rec. ; Marcus Kahler, Financier ; Kasper Weis, Receiver ; Edward 
Fisher, I. W.; Frank Beck, 0. W.; Martin Grady, Antony Dusmann, M. Titt- 
man, Trustees. At present it is under the management of the following corps 
of officers : H. H. Bezold, P. M. W.; G. Hartman, M. W.; G. A. Heraiann, 
F.; Mathias Tittman, 0.; H. Eifert, Rec; Frank Beck, G.; F. Kramer, 
Financier; Kasper Weis, Receiver; M. Grady, I. W.; Fred. Ischer, Jr., 0. 
W.; R. Lester, H. H. Bezold and E. Fisher, Trustees. The Lodge meets 
every Thursday evening in Odd Fellows' Hall, numbers 36 members and is 
prosperous. 

Courier Lodge, No. IJ/S. — This Lodge was organized Jan. 16, 1868, by 
H. H. Bezold, D. D. G. M. W., of Waterloo, with the following charter mem- 
bers : M. V. Adams, W. H. H. Becker, M. C. Brown, S. Coburn, J. H. Crip- 
pen, G. R. Crittenden, P. S. Dorian, G. A. Eberhart, J. A. Fowler, C. P. 



406 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Hunt, W. H. Hartman, S. B. Hitt, S. M. Hoff, C. P. Jones, Lewis Libby, 
W. C. Hunger, H. L. Shutts, S. E. Rider, J. Q. A. Rider, H. D. Smith, 

A. B. Thomas. 

First officers— P. M. W., A. B. Thomas; M. W, H. L. Shutts ; F., S. E. 
Rider; 0., S. P. Hitt; Recorder, G. A. Eberhart ; Receiver, J. Q. A. Rider; 
Financier, J. A. Fowler; Guide, M. V. Adams; I. W., P. S. Borland; 0. 
W., W. C. Hunger ; Trustees, W. H. Hartman, C. P. Jones, H. D. Smith. 
Present officers are— P. H. W., H. L. Shutts ; H. W., J. W. Richards ; F., 
S. E. Rider; 0., S. H. Hull"; Guide, H. V. Adams; Recorder, G. A. Eber- 
hart ; Financier, H. C. Brown ; Receiver, J. Q. A. Rider ; I. W., J. C. Hunson; 
0., W. P. Dorian ; Trustees — same as last term. Lodge meets every Wednes- 
day evening in Hasonic Hall. Lodge now numbers 57 members, and is in 
good condition. 

I. 0. OF Q. T. 

Waterloo Lodge, No o9. — This Lodge was organized August 25, 1875, 
with the following charter members : William Galloway, Lee Peppers, Hrs. R. 
Lester, J. B. Emerson, Frank Steinor, George Lichty, Hrs. J. C. Powell, W. 
G. HcLaughlin, Charles Fancher, Hrs. Peppers, J. G. Gates, Charles Brindell, 
Hary Averill, Thomas Gwynne, Henry Griffin, Hrs. F. Kinney, J. J. Hall, 
Lillie Garbrandt, Albert Lane, J. P. Reed, W. Thrower, Hrs. HcGlaughlin, 
W. 0. Richards, Jenny Colby, IVIary Balke, J. Hoshier, Fred. Pendleton, 
Frank Crippen, David Geddes, Hrs. J. R. Hammond, Wm. Kinney, 0. P. 
Carrott, Cora Spencer, A. J. Breckenridge, Emma HcKroy, E. R. 
Travis, R. Lester, Julia Lacy, T. A. Rose, Hrs. J. Richards, Elizabeth 
HcClure, E. F. Herwin, Hrs. E. F. Herwin. Its first officers were as follows : 
W. 0. Richards, W. C. T. ; Hrs. Hary Peppers, W. V. T. ; J. J. Hall, W. 

C. ; J. V. Reed, W. S. ; Ralph Hurd, W. A. S.; Wm. Galloway, W. F. S. ; 
Hrs. Hary Averall, W. T.; A. L Breckenridge, W. H.; Lillian Garbrant, W. 

D. H.; Jennie Colby, W. I. G.; J. B. Emerson, W. 0. G.; David Geddes, 
W. R. H. S.; Julia Richards, W. L. H. S.; Thomas Gwynne, P. W. C. T. 
The officers at this writing are: A. D. Bedford, W. C. T.; Jennie Hoyer, 
W. L. H. S.; Hattie Hankinson, W. R. H. S.; Wm. Johnson, W. S.; Emma 
HcCormack, W. A. S.; W. A. Van Ordan, W. F. S.; Carrie Thomas, W. T.; 
Ruth Hurd, W. C; T. Gwynne, P. W. C. T.; 0. P. Carroll, W. H.; Emma 
Wright, W. D. H.; Emma Dull, W. V. T.; Alice Demick, W. L G.; J. L. 
Newhard, W. 0. G.; Linda Ragan, Organist. The Lodge meets every Friday 
evening. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The first fire company in Waterloo was the Waterloo Hook and Ladder 
Company, No. 1, organized April 2, 1861. Its first officers wer- as follows: R. 
W. Chapman, Foreman ; H. Haverick, First Assistant ; H. D. Williams, Sec- 
ond Assistant ; Horace Barron, Secretary. It numbered about forty active 
members, among whom Avere : R. W. Chapman, T. Wiley, George R. Crit- 
tenden, C. K. White, James Giffiard, George P. Peck, W. Russell, T. A. Co- 
vert, John Elwell, H. Hallock, Fred. Chapman, H. H. Barker, 0. Alexander, 

B. H. Hoover, L. F. Walker, J. Garbrant, John Hilferty, S. H. HofF, D. C. 
Cook, H. H. Goodhue, R. H. Horrow, John Hubbard, Ed. Webster and J, 
H. Leavitt. This company used a hook and ladder truck made under the di- 
rection of their Foreman, R. W. Chapman, at a cost of $60. 

In 1867, they turned their apparatus over to the German Hook and Ladder 
Company, which was organized in August of that year, with officers as follows : 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 407 

T. Wiley, Foreman ; D. Kruse, First Assistant ; John Nauman, Second As- 
sistant ; John Bressler, Secretary ; John Redenbach, Treasurer. The first fire 
was in the old warehouse on Mill Square, in 1869, where they held the fire in 
check until the arrival of the engine. Mr. Wiley says, at this fire he acted as 
Foreman, Assistant and company, himself and Mr. Fuller doing most of the 
work. 

In 1878, they sold their old cart to the city of Iowa Falls for $100, and had 
a new one built by Hitt & Chapman at a cost of $250, which they run at the 
present time. They have a full set of extension ladders made at the same time. 
In times of fire theirs is the post of danger and of honor. They must climb to 
the roof, enter the burning building and clear away the wreck so that the en- 
gines can do efficient service; and they have always shown themselves equal to 
the task. Their present officers are T. Wiley, Foreman ; Lewis Miller, First 
Assistant;. E. Miller, Second Assistant; Kasper Weis, Secretary; John Nau- 
man, Treasurer ; G. Vulger, Steward. 

Red Jacket Engine and Hose Company, No. 1, was the first engine company 
organized in this city. In 1868, money was raised by private subscription, and 
R. W. Chapman was appointed by the citizens to purchase a fire engine. Mr. 
Chapman went to Chicago, and for $1,000 purchased the Red Jacket. This 
engine had a peculiar interest for Mr. Chapman. It was built in 1849 by L. 
Button, of Waterford, N. Y., for Fulton, No. 8, of Utica, of which company 
Mr. Chapman, was the first Foreman. It was sold to the Chicago Fire De- 
partment in 1853. and used by No. 4, of that city, for a number of years. When 
the city began using steamers it was abandoned, and Mr. Chapman found it 
covered with dust and rubbish, stowed away in an old lumber room in the 
engine house. He at once bought it and brought it to Waterloo. 

A company was formed in January, 1869, of which R. W. Chapman was 
Foreman ; G. R. Crittenden, First Assistant ; D. C. Cook, Second Assistant ; 
John Hilferty, Secretary ; G. P. Beck, Treasurer ; Charles Berg, Steward; 
H. W. Jenney, Foreman of Hose ; Fred. Chapman, Assistant. Their Consti- 
tution was adopted January 1, 1869, and approved by the City Council Febru- 
ary 10, of the same year. Their first place of meeting was in Wood's Block, 
On the completion of Capwell's Building they moved into that, which they oc- 
cupied until the city built their present engine house, in September, 1872. Here 
they have a fine hall, neatly decorated with appropriate pictures, mostly the 
gift of that firm friend of the firemen, Charles S. Champlin, of Hudson, N. Y., 
who has done much for the Waterloo boys. He has presented them at different 
times, with a number of drawings of his own which show great skill; also with 
a company register, officers' belts, trumpets, etc. He will always be held in 
grateful remembrance by our firemen, and is an honorary member of both 
engine companies. 

The first fire of any consequence that the Red Jacket played on, was at the 
warehouse on Mill Square, where they did excellent service in saving surround- 
ing property. / 

In 1870, the Red Jacket Cornet Band was formed, H. W. Jenney, H. Hal- 
lock and R. W. Chapman signing a note for $200 on behalf of the company to 
purchase the instruments. 

In 1874, the company, considering their hose cart too small, sent Messrs, 
Chapman, Beck and Crittenden to Dubuque to purchase a larger one. They 
purchased a Silsby four-wheeled cart, made to carry 800 feet of hose, for $150. 
It was brought home, painted and varnished by Hitt & Chapman and delivered 
to the hose company. 



408 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The Red Jacket Company has an engine, two hose carts and 1,050 feet of 
hose. The present officers are as follows : G. W. Barnes, Foreman ; R. Lester, 
First Assistant; Silas Lichty, Second Assistant: F. W. Beck, Secretary; G. 
P. Beck, Treasurer ; John Smith, Foreman of the Hose ; G. Hollister, First 
Assistant ; Mart. Adams, Steward. 

Early in 1871, it became evident that another engine was necessary for the 
East Side, and R. W. Chapman, then Chief Engineer, was appointed with W. 
Russell to purchase one. They purchased from the city of Janesville, Wis., an 
engine built by L. Button, in 1855. The price paid was $600, and $150 for 
500 feet of hose. This was brought home, and L. F. Walker, M. H. Barker, J, 
Garbrant, John Hubbard, W. Russell, J. Fressle, B. S. Doxey, Thomas Watts. 
J. P. Weeks, M. Hannon and Wm. Barker withdrew from the Red Jacket, and 
A. Rosgen from the Hook and Ladder Company, and, on February 3, 1871, 
formed the Water Witch Engine and Hose Co., No. 2. 

Its first officers were : L. F. Walker, Foreman ; J. Garbrant, First Assist- 
ant ; John Hubbard, Second Assistant ; W. Russell, Secretary ; A. Rosgen, 
Treasurer ; J. Fressle, Steward; M. H. Barker, Foreman of Hose ; Wm. Barker, 
Assistant. 

The first time they were called out was early in the Spring of the same year, 
when the Mayor of Cedar Falls telegraphed for help, saying their city was on 
fire. The engine was at once loaded, and the run from here to Cedar Falls was 
made in seven minutes, and in thirty-eight from the time of the first alarm, the 
Water Witch had a stream on the fire and did good service in checking the flames. 

Their first place of meeting was in A. Rosgen's harness shop, but in Sep- 
tember, 1871, their present engine house was built. In 1874, the building was 
raised and a capacious hall built over the engine room, the city furnishing the 
material and the boys doing the work. They have a fine hall, the walls of which 
are adorned with pictures presented by Chas. S. Champlin. 

They have an engine second to none, a hose cart and 800 feet of hose, and 
as fine a company as ever manned a brake. They have now on their rolls about 
fifty men, with officers as follows: A. G. Dunham, Foreman; E. J. Light, 
First Assistant; C. I. Daly, Second Assistant; John Holden, Secretary; 
Ponsford, Treasurer. G. F. Dunham, Foreman of Hose; Warren Brown, First 
Assistant ; Michael Fouch, Steward. 

Red Jacket Co., No. 1, 60 men ; Water Witch Co., No. 2, 50 men ; Hook 
and Ladder Co., 25 men ; total 135 men. 

The city has two fire engines, three hose carts and 1,850 feet of hose; is well 
supplied with public cisterns in all parts of the city, with the Cedar River run- 
ning through the center, and is as well prepared to fight fire as any city in 
the State Waterloo has been very fortunate in the past, and has never had a 
sweeping fire. 

R. W. Chapman was the first Chief Engineer, but held the position but one 
year, elected in 1869. 

The Department is now under the charge of George P. Beck, Chief Engi- 
neer (since 1870) ; L. F. Walker, First Assistant ; John Nauman, Second 
Assistant. 

Hope Engine Company. — About three years ago, Clarence Hollister, an in- 
genious lad of 18, thought he could make a hand fire engine, tried it and suc- 
ceeded. The box containing the apparatus is between three and four feet long, 
and of proporionate width and depth. The hose nozzle is three-eighths of an 
inch in diameter. It was kept as a curiosity till June 1st, when a company of 
boys, averaging 12 years old, was organized to man it. Herbert George is 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 409 

Foreman ; Edwin "Miller is Assistant, and the other members are : Henry 
Williams, Fayette Place, Allen Newton, Charles Newton, W. Covert, George 
Beck, B. Hitt, D. Hay and E. Shaffer. The boys are handsomely uniformed 
and meet twice a week for drill. The little engine, as manned by the boys, 
throws a stream horizontally over 100 feet. 

The moral might be deduced that the boys are safer on the street Avith the 
*' Hope " than without any central point of discipline. The corollary is plain 
that these handsome youths will grow up to be the officers of the other com- 
panies, with a training, as reliable as instinct for their duties. 

WATERLOO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 

November 18, 1865, the citizens of Waterloo held a meeting for the purpose of 
establishing a library. George Ordway was Chairman, and James W. Logan, 
Secretary of the meeting. A constitution was adopted and subscriptions made. 
At an adjourned meeting December 4, 1865, the subscribers met at Dr. Mason's 
office and elected permanent officers, as follows : President, George W. Couch ; 
Vice President, R. A. Whitaker ; Secretary, James W. Logan ; Treasurer, 
A. T. Lusch ; Librarian, Dr. A. B. Mason ; Investing Committee, P. Mc- 
Isaacs, Dr. C. T. Ingersoll, J. W. Logan, to which were afterward added George 
Ordway and Dr. Mason. The library was first opened in Dr. Mason's office, 
December 2, 1867. Capt. (now Judge) S. Bagg was elected President of the 
Association, and the records do not indicate any election since. 

For several years the library was kept in active operation, and had on its 
shelves over a thousand volumes. 

Dr. Mason was succeeded by Judge D. W. Foote, as Librarian ; afterAvard, 
Henry Harrison and Dr. Williams acted, for short terms, in that capacity ; and 
then came a time when the library took care of itself, the books became scat- 
tered and many of them lost. In 1877, President Bagg and Secretary Logan 
appointed William G. Burbee Librarian, with instructions to collect the scattered 
volumes. July, 1878, Mr. Burbee had succeeded in collecting between 400 and 
500 volumes, which are stored in his carpenter shop, on Fifth street, of no use 
to anybody. There should be interest enough taken in this Association in this 
active town to revive the organization and make the Library a permanently use- 
ful institution. 

FLORAL HILL GREEN HOUSE. 

One of the institutions of Waterloo, is the " Floral Hill Green House," es- 
tablished, or rather commenced, in 1872, by J. A. Fowler, for many years well 
known as a prominent railroad man. Mr. Fowler has a magnificent collection 
of house and garden plants, and his green house is one of the most extensive in 
the West. Mr. Fowler, however, has devoted especial attention to the cultiva- 
tion of the strawberry, and is hybridizing and originating new varieties, in which 
he has been~ very successful He procures the best varieties, and in the flowering 
season conveys the pollen from one plant to another by means of a feather, and 
does not depend upon the uncertain action of insects to accomplish this purpose. 
He has succeeded in producing a strawberry 8| inches in circumference, as laro-e 
as a respectable-sized tomato. Another variety he has produced, called the 
"Iowa Prolific," is a marvel as an illustration of the power of intelligence to 
improve on nature. One of these plants produced 236 berries, and 70 quarts 
were produced on a little plat of ground 4x8 feet. Mr. Fowler is not satisfied 
yet, is continuing his experiments, and expects to produce strawberries as lar^e 
as the largest tomatoes if his life is spared. So mote it be. He is unquestion- 

H 



410 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

ably one of the most intelligent and successful strawberry culturists in the 
United States. 

CEDAR FALLS. 

The first settlement of Black Hawk County having been made at Cedar Falls, 
its history up to the time of organizing the county includes almost the whole 
of the county's early history. For this reason, no mention is made here of the 
first eight years of Cedar Falls, fuller particulars being given elsewhere. 

A small town site was laid out at the mills in 1851, for the convenience of 
those employed about the mills, and for such others as chose to settle ; but no 
effort was made to build up a town until 1853, when a new plat was made and 
recorded in Buchanan County. 

In 1853, a school district was organized at Cedar Falls, the Board being : 
S. A. Bishop, President ; E. U. Adams, Secretary ; J. M. Overman, Treas- 
urer. A house was built, by subscription, the same year. During 1853, John 
R. Cameron built a store. 

When it became a settled fact that Black Hawk County was to be organized^ 
the people at Cedar Falls and vicinity differed from those in the southern and 
eastern parts of the county. The people at Cedar Falls petitioned the Legis- 
lature for an act submitting the question of locating the county seat to a vote 
of the people ; while Waterloo, on the other hand, petitioned for the appoint- 
ment of Commissioners to locate the site. The petition of Waterloo wag 
granted. 

But when the Commissioneis chosen by the Legislature met to discharge 
their duty, they decided to make the location at Cedar Falls ; and the red cedar 
stake that marked the spot for the future buildings was driven, amid great 
rejoicing, by the people of Cedar Falls. The Overmans had contributed 
fifty building lots, the avails of which were to be applied toward erecting 
buildings. 

The election for officers took place, and Black Hawk County set up keep- 
ing house at Cedar Falls, in August, 1853. The officers took the second story 
of Andrew Mullarky's store, now occupied by Pickton & Landgraf. 

In the Fall of this year. Cedar Falls boasted a population of of 300, but it 
is believed this was too large an estimate. 

February 22, 1854, the ladies gave a festival dinner at the school house, 
the proceeds of which were applied to purchasing a bell, which was immediately 
sent for, secured and swung. It is now in the belfry of one of the new school 
houses. It is probable that this was the first bell ever brought west of Du- 
buque. 

In 1854, the town claimed 450 inhabitants. Many new houses were built, 
a hotel was erected, and, July 11th, the first number of the Cedar Falls Banner^ 
the only paper, save one, between Cedar Falls and Dubuque, was issued by 
Meredith & McClure. 

During this year, John R. Cameron established a ferry, a much needed con- 
venience to the town. 

The reader is referred to the general history for particulars concerning the 
stampede that took place in September of this year, caused by a report that the 
Sioux were coming down the valley, scalping all the whites they could find. It 
is sufficient to say here that the men of Cedar Falls showed themselves to be 
brave men ; and had there proven to have been real cause for the alarm, they 
would no doubt have acquitted themselves Avith credit. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 411 

Aside from the struggle which resulted in the loss of the county seat, in 
1855, the history of Cedar Falls until 1859 was com])aratively uneventful. Like 
all new Western towns, it experienced a severe blow in the hard times of 1857 ; 
but such were the real attractions of the place, the town overcame the stringency 
of the panic sooner and easier than most other places. It was a period of 
growth throughout. 

A STEAMBOAT FOR CEDAR FALLS. 

In 1858, the people of Cedar Falls were much exercised over the fact that 
Waterloo was in steamboat communication with Cedar Rapids; but what was 
still more galling to them, Waterloo business men could get freight from Chi- 
cago for 70 cents a hundred, which was drawing trade to their bustling, am- 
bitious town, right past Cedar Falls, which had hitherto held the supremacy 
over all other towns on the Upper Cedar. Something must be done, or Cedar 
Falls would be undone. 

The first move was in this wise : Andrew Mullarky went down to Water- 
loo, went on board the little steamer Black Hawk, and offered Captain Snouffer 
a handsome sum to run his boat against the Waterloo dam. The Cedar had 
been declared by Congress to be a navigable stream, and the head of navigation 
had been established about 40 rods below the dam at Cedar Falls. Conse- 
quently, the dam at Waterloo wa* there in violation of law and the riparian 
rights of Cedar Falls. To bunt the boat against the Waterloo dam, even if it 
did no injury to the dam, would be conclusive evidence against its owners in the 
United States Courts, and they would either be compelled to remove it or con- 
struct a navigable canal around it. The Captain ordered his engineer to put 
on all steam and started the boat in the direction of the dam, but when he 
reached the " ripple " he could not " make it," either on account of its swift- 
ness or the deep draught of the boat. This was discouraging to MuUarkv, 
who returned home and reported his want of success. A public meeting 
was held to deliberate upon the unhappy situation of Cedar Falls, sitting 
forlorn at the head of navigation, six miles from a steamboat, and a mill-dam 
between. 

This meeting was well attended. It was resolved to buy a steamboat of 
light draught to ply between Cedar Rapids and Cedar Falls, and W. P. Overman 
and Sheldon Fox were deputed to visit the Mississippi River and negotiate for 
a craft. 

A subscription paper in the nature of a contract was drawn up, empowering 
Sheldon Fox and W. P. Overman to purchase a suitable boat. In case they 
were not permitted to pass the dam at Cedar Rapids, they were to be paid all 
reasonable expenses during the delay at that place after the first week, not ex- 
ceeding $10 a day. As soon as passage could be effected at Cedar Rapids, the 
boat was to proceed to Waterloo, where the expenses of delay were to be paid 
as <it Cedar Rapids. In case the subscription was absorbed, the subscribers 
held themselves further liable for any excess. 

The document is dated July 10, 1859, and the contributors were Sheldon 
Fox, W. P. Overman, Peter Melendy, Van Saun & Hunt, A. Mullarky, M. Ro- 
senbaum & Co., J. M. Overman k Co., A. F. Brown, J. M. Benjamin, Tim- 
othy Mullarky, E. B. Hatch, W. P. Taubman, John W. Inman, J. H. Wilson, 
G. M. Harris, M. H. Creague, John R, Cameron, John G. Arbuckle, Francis 
Cox, L. D. Lampman, A. S. Smith, E. Brown, G. W. Smith, E. D. Adams, 
Samuel Berry, J. H. Boehmler, A. Henderson, C. H. Mullarky, L. P. Hammond, 
Cyrus Ashley, Graves & Bagley, E. Hodgin, W. H. Phelps, Giles Mabee, J. 



412 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

M. Maggart, Caleb May, Henry Millen, G. W. Henry, Charles G. Miller, John 
M. Harland, Mahlon Freeman, Luke Shimers, Peter Geyen, S. Wilson, VV. H. 
Sessions, John Hartman, Joseph Sartori, J. W. Bonnell, F. A. Bryant, Benj. 
Graham, Chester Sawyer. The subscription amounted to |1,530. 

The Committee visited Dubuque, Davenport and Muscatine — found plenty 
of boats for sale, but could not agree on the price for such as were suitable to 
their wants. They accordingly returned home for instructions, by which time 
the water Avas falling in the Cedar, and Captain Snouffer was beginning to find 
it troublesome to reach Waterloo, even. 

The prospects for the railroad from Dubuque were also brightening, for work 
had been resumed and the western terminus was only fifty miles away. So the 
project was abandoned, and is now almost forgotten by those who were most 
nctively engaged in it. 

Cedar Falls, as described in the first issue of the Gazette, March 16, 1860, 
before the completion of the Dubuque & Pacific Railway to the town, claimed 
1,600 inhabitants, probably an excessive estimate. The flouring-mill of J. M. 
Overman & Co. was in operation, drawing custom from Bremer, Butler, Web- 
ster, Hardin, Floyd, Chickasaw and Franklin Counties, and even from Blue 
Earth County, Minn. The same firm owned a saw-mill. 

Edwin Brown had just erected another flouring-mill of about the same size 
as the older one, both of which were built of stone, five stories high. The other 
manufactories on the bank of the Cedar were D. C. Porter & Co.'s chair and 
bedstead factory, a planing-mill owned by the same firm, and a saw-mill owned 
bv Edwin Brown. There were beside, two steam saw-mills, one owned by A. S. 
Smith, and the other by Rounds, Wilson & Morrison. Of those engaged in 
merchandising, T. B. & H. H. Carpenter owned a brick store. Andrew Mul- 
larky's brick store was 22x70, three stories high, and W. A. Winslow's build- 
in o^ was about the same size and height. Overman k Brown had shortly before 
completed a three-story building, 44x80 feet, three stories high, the upper story 
fitted up as a public hall. 

The second issue of the G-azette mentioned the school exhibition, under the 
management of Mr. L. J. Hammond, Principal of the Public School. This oc- 
casion was enlivened by music from the Cedar Falls Brass Band, Henry Over- 
man, leader, and songs from the Glee Club, composed of Mrs. Pierce, Mrs. 
Clark, Miss Abbott, Miss Crosby, Mr. Van Saun and Mr. H. Cooper. Ham- 
mond, in 1876, had degenerated into a produce buyer at Joliet, Blinois, where 
he had become a heavy shipper of dressed hogs and poultry. 

May 7th, the people of Cedar Falls, for the first time, received mail matter 
mailed at Dubuque the same morning, the railroad having been completed to 
Jessup, twenty miles east. 

The 4th of July, 1860, was celebrated in the evening by an exhibition of 
flowers and vegetables at Horticultural Hall. D. J. Coleman read the Declara- 
tion of Independence, followed by J. B. Powers, Esq., with an essay on " Hu- 
man Life." 

September 6th, a great Republican mass meeting was held at Cedar Falls. 
The local chronicler estimated the crowd at 5,000 persons. Delegations came 
from Floyd, Bremer and Butler Counties. Speeches were made by Hon. T. 
Drummond, of Vinton ; Judge C. A. Newcomb, of West Union; Hon. S. P. 
Adams, of Dubuque ; Hon. John A. Kasson, of Des Moines ; Hon. W. B. Fair- 
field, of Charles City ; and F. W. Palmer, Esq., of Dubuque. The music was 
furnished by three bands. The time not consumed by speeches was occupied by 
a errand procession, made splendid with mottoes and banners. 



HISTORY OF BL\CK HAWK COUNTY. 413 

A " New England Association " was formed at Cedar Falls in February, 
1861, with W, H. Sessions as President Erastus Edgerton, Vice President ; 
A. S. Smith, Treasurer; W. H.Nichols, Secretary. 

The members of Black Hawk Lodge, No. 65, A., F. & A. M., celebrated 
Washington's birthday in 1861 by a supper at the Western Hotel. J. B. Pow- 
ers made the address. A Bible was presented to theLodge by the ladies attend- 
ing, their spokeswoman being Mrs. John M. Cameron. 

Early in March, the '' Ranch,'' as it was called by the old settlers, was torn 
down. This building, erected by Mr. Taubman, in 1853, had been used for a 
boarding house, tailor shop, law office, saloon, Justice's office, and surveyor's 
office, all at the same time. 

Miss Mary Holmes, who had resided in Iowa since 1855, died at Cedar Falls 
on Sunday, April 7th, of apoplexy, at the age of 67 over years. 

Sixty-six buildings were erected in Cedar Falls in 1861, prior to August 2d. 

The Ladies' Aid Society was formed December 16th — Mrs. Dr. Bryant, 
President ; Mrs. Doolittle, Vice President ; Mrs. J. B. Powers, Secretary ; Mrs. 
A. S. Mitts, Corresponding Secretary ; Mrs. H. C. Wright, Treasurer. 

The California Association was organized December 21st — L. L. Cook, 
President; H. H. Meredith, Vice President; 0. Bradley, Secretary; D. D. 
Devine, Corresponding Secretary ; J. M. Overman, Treasurer. A festival was 
held on the 28d of January following. 

About the same time, a notice appeared on the streets, of which this is said 
to be a literal copy : 

PosET CouNTiANs; The natives of Posey County, Ind., will meet at the Lime-Kiln on Chrit-t- 
mas, for the purpose of having a Tare. Pukes, Hoosiers, Suckers, Badgers, Buckeyes and 
Hawkeyes are invited to participate. All natives of Posey County that have fathers will act as 
Committee of Arrangements. Many Natives. 

The following week (December 28th), the Empire State Club was organized 
— Hon. Zimri Streeter, President; Albert Allen, Vice President; Jas. Miller, 
Secretary ; A. Henderson, Treasurer 

During February and March, 1862, the people of Cedar Falls received their 
mails with great irregularity, owing to severe storms. March 19th, the train 
was "snowed in" two miles this side of Independence. The agent employed 
a gentleman, who was visiting Iowa, to carry the mail through. He got a team 
and drove to Waterloo, but the horses were exhausted and could go no further. 
Nobody at Waterloo cared to send his horses even as far as Cedar Falls, and 
the contract was completed with a yoke of oxen. 

Clement Vogt, a comparative stranger in Cedar Falls, was found dead in 
the river, on the East Side, June 18, 1862. The verdict of the jury was that 
he came to his death by accident ; but many believed he had committed suicide. 
He had disappeared from the Inman House three months before. 

The peace of the State of Iowa was broken on Sunday, March 8, 1863, at 
the Carter House, by Lieut. Fitzroy Sessions assaulting Stilson Hutchins, now 
Editor of the Washington (D. C.) Post, but then one of the editors of the Des 
Moines Journal. During the war, Hutchins had published a misstatement in 
regard to Lieut. Sessions, charging him with having instigated an attempt to 
mob the Dubuque Herald office. Hutchins was staying at the Carter House, 
at the date given above, and was followed into the hall by Sessions, who, after 
ascertaining that he was the author of the libel, called for a retraction. This 
Hutchins refused to make. Fitz. then passed his hand across Hutchins' face, 
which brought on a battle with fists, in which the latter was considerably 
worsted ; though his punishment had no effect in modifying his perverse politics 



414 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

or restraining his violent expressions, either on the stump or at the editor's 
desk. 

The first step taken to build a school house of sufficient di:nensions for the 
district of Cedar Falls was at a public meeting held July 6, 1863, at which 
time it was voted to apply the Teachers' Fund then on hand toward the 
building. 

The first occasion on which Black Hawk Lodge, A., F. & A. M., was called 
upon to perform the burial rite was on Thursday, August 22, 1863, the 
deceased being William Cox, a young man of excellent character, who had been 
married only two months before. 

The telegraph line from Dubuque to Cedar Falls was completed December 
9, 1863. 

Andrew Mullarky, the pioneer merchant of Cedar Falls, was drowned in the 
mill-race, near the saw-mill, December 12, 1863. His body was recovered 
within ten minutes after his first call for help, but too late to restore life. He 
was about 47 years old, and had resided in Black Hawk County since 1850. 

The walls of the school house were laid and the roof put on during 1864, 
under the supervision of J. Q. A. Crosby, who had contracted to do the work. 
The brick work was relet to Joseph Johnson, and the carpenter work to Will- 
iam Ray and Joseph Godfrey. 

On the reception of the news of McClellan's nomination for the Presidency, 
in 1864, the Democracy of Cedar Falls felt it incumbent upon them to burn a 
little powder. Two anvils were procured, and after about the third round, 
which was terrifically loud, the artillerists looked around for the top anvil, 
which they could not find. Being of cast iron, it had burst into a hundred 
fragments ; but, with almost miraculous good fortune, not a man had been hurt 
by the flying pieces. 

Sept. 14, 1864, the frame of the Baptist Church fell to the ground with a 
great crash, owing to its being insufficiently stayed. H. Wallace, of Independ- 
ence, the contractor, and Henry Bogart, of Cedar Falls, were at work on the 
cupola, sixty feet above the ground. Wallace spoke to his companion, but him- 
self clung to the frame, until it fell to within ten or fifteen feet of the ground, 
when he jumped down without injury. Mr. Bogart jumped inside of the cu- 
pola, probably intending to clamber down before it fell, but missed his grasp, 
and fell on the sidewalk head first, breaking his neck in the fall. He was picked 
up insensible and lived only a few minutes. The coroner's jury censured Wal- 
lace for gross negligence. Mr. Bogart Avas buried next day with Masonic hon- 
ors. Wallace claimed, a few days afterward, in a published statement, that the 
building was ordinarily secure, and that the accident was due to a high wind 
prevailing at the time. 

Within a few weeks after this tragic event, a stranger victimized Townsend 
& Knapp out of some $1,600 in cash by means of a forged draft, and N. Mc- 
Clellan, a grain buyer at Cedar Falls, disappeared, having obtained of Mr. 
Case, of Cedar Falls, about $1,400 on a railroad receipt. He also obtained 
$1,000 from Richmond & Jackson, of Dubuque. 

John Garrison, who settled at Cedar Falls in 1852, died Jan. 18, 1865, at 
the advanced age of nearly 93 years. Mr. Garrison was a native of New Jer- 
sey. Mr. Garrison's life was an adventurous and busy one, and most of it was 
spent in the ever-shifting Western frontiers. Mr. G. became a Free Mason in 
Ohio in 1812, and while living in Detroit was one of the petitioners for the 
Grand Lodge of Michigan, of which Lewis Cass was first Grand Master. He 
was a charter member, and the first W. M. of Black Hawk Lodge, which body 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 415 

followed his remains to their last resting-place, the funeral sermon being 
preached by Rev. John Bowman. 

Miss McGarvey was drowned in Dry Run, near Cedar Falls, March 19, 
1865, by being precipitated from a falling bridge. 

W. W. Stanton, of Cedar Falls, employed as a fireman on the Dubuque & 
Sioux City Road, was injured by the locomotive being thrown from the track 
near Farley, April 30, 1865, from the effects of which he died next day. 

June 27, 1865, is remembered for the heavy rain that fell during the night, 
by which great damage was done to crops, fences, etc. The track of the Du- 
buque & Sioux City Road was washed out in many places between Dyersville 
and New Hartford, and the telegraph line broken badly. No mail was received 
at Cedar Falls from the East till the following Wednesday, which was carried 
through on wagons under charge of N. C. Deering, then Special Agent of the 
Post Office Department. It was over three weeks before the damage done to 
the railway track was repaired and trains began running. 

orphans' home at cedar falls. 

On pages 199-200, will be found a brief account of the origin of the Or- 
phans' Home Association. The following paragraph will show that the people 
of Cedar Falls, very early in the existence of the Association, had earned for 
themselves a very high place in the regard of the officers of the Association. 

Nov. 7, 1864, at a meeting of the people of Cedar Falls, addressed by Rev. 
P. P. Ingalls, agent for the "Iowa State Orphan Asylum," about twenty 
soldiers' orphans were called out one by one, and some one in the audience re- 
quested to pay for a life membership in the child's behalf. Five hundred and 
twenty dollars was pledged on the spot. Before adjourning, an auxiliary so- 
ciety was formed, with Rev. C. Waterbury, President ; Revs. A. G. Eberhart, 
L. B. Fifield, R. Norton, Bernner, Vice Presidents ; G. M. Harris, Treas- 
urer ; H. A. Perkins, Secretary. 

At a meeting at the Orphan's Home Association, held at Des Moines, June 
7, 1865, the committee to whom had been referred the question of establishing 
another temporary Home, expressed the opinion that it should te located in the 
northern, or at least the central, part of the State. They further said : 

We recommend that the selection of such Home shall be referred to a committee of five, 
whose duty it shall be to visit in person the several locations asking the establishment, or where, 
in their opinion, a suitable building can be obtained, and make a careful examination thereof; 
that they have power to take, receive and conclude contracts or bargains with individuals or as- 
sociations representing the several localities, with the view of receiving and realizing for the bene- 
fit of the Association, as large an amount in donations or subscriptions as possible ; and that 
after making such examinations, receiving such propositions and making such contracts, they be 
authorized and empowered to make the location, with full power to conclude all contracts and 
agreements, subject, however, to the approval and satisfaction of the Board of Trustees, or a ma- 
jority of those present at any meeting called for that purpose; We recommend that this committee 
shall proceed to act as promptly and as speedily as possible, so as to secure at an early day the 
advantages of another Home. 

The recommendation was adopted, and Hon. Ralph P. Lowe, Hon. John 
A. Parvin, Hon. John A. Elliott, Mrs. M. W. Porter and Mrs. H. E. J. Board- 
man were appointed a committee to carry out the resolution. 

Meantime, the people of Cedar Falls were actively laboring to secure its 
location here ; and. shortly after being advised of the above action by the Associ- 
ation, a committee was appointed, consisting of Dr. S. N. Pierce, A. Morrison 
and S. A. Bishop, to solicit funds for the purpose of erecting a suitable build- 
ing for the new Home. The committee visited Cedar Falls late in July, and, 
finding the community all alive for the project, resolved to recommend that the 



416 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

new Orphans' Home be located here. In their report^ the committee say, 
among other things : 

We found here a building that had been used for a hotel, situated in the outer lines of the 
town, sufficiently capacious to accommodate the officers of the Home and some eighty-five 
orphans, beside the kitchen and dining room and one other room sufficiently large, perhaps, to 
afford instruction to fifty pupils. In addition to this, there are, on an adjoining lot, a frame 
buildin<T. which would answer for a wash house, and a brick tenement of twelve rooms, which 
wouhl accommodate, comfortably, forty orphans, both of which, it is understood, could be made 
available for the use of the Home. To obtain immediate possession and use of the hotel build- 
ing specified, some four or five hundred dollars would have to be advanced to a party or parties 
in possession claiming some interest in the same. The amount the citizens of the town propose 
to pay. Bef ire it could be occupied as a Home, considerable repair would have to be made and 
some changes in the removal and enlargement of the stable, and some other improvements, 
amounting to, say, !?oOO, more or less. This amount the lessor, who is a non-resident, would 
allow to be deducted from the first rents, which would be $300 the first year and f!450 per annum 
thereafter This expenditure for repairs the citizens of the place will advance in the first 
instance, until they can be reimbursed out of the rents paid. 

In connection with this Home, forty or eighty acres of cultivated land may be had, from 
half to one mile distant, at the customary rent, for the use thereof. Should more school room 
be required than can be furnished by the building in question, it is understood that the basement 
of the Presbyterian Church, which is close by, can be had for that purpose. Commissary sup- 
plies and provender for stock may be had in abundance, and as cheaply, perhaps, as in any other 
portion of the State. 

In other respects, the location is an eligible one, accessible, perhaps, as any other one point 
can be for the orphans in the northern portion of the State, situated in the midst of a kind peo- 
ple and surrounded by good moral and religious opportunities and advantages. It is proper to 
state that the rent of the brick and frame buildings spoken of on the adjoining lot will be from 
$225 to S2-J0, and that it was supposed that the rent of the land v/ould be about $2 per acre, 
making the rent of forty acres and all the buildings spoken of about $675 to $700 per annum. 

The Association accepted the proffer of the people of Cedar Falls, and, by 
resolution, proceeded to fit up the building for use early in September, which 
was duly accomplished. 

The first officers and employes of the Orphans' Home were : Arthur Mor- 
rison, Superintendent ; Mrs. E. G. Piatt, Matron ; Dr. S. N. Pierce, Surgeon ; 
Mrs. E. L. Yokoner, Nurse ; John H. Rownd, Steward ; Mrs. Sarah H. Wells, 
Miss H. J. Blodgett, Teachers ; Miss M. Gates, Miss Nellie Mead, Mrs. Rachel 
Jairdine, Seamstress ; Mrs. John H. Rownd, Ghief Gook. 

Lizzie Ward, aged 6 years, was the first inmate to die at the Home, May 
23, 1866. 

Frank Case, an insurance agent, settled in Cedar Falls in 1864, and during 
the following Summer married an estimable young lady of the place. In July, 
1865, it was ascertained that Case was an unprincipled scoundrel, the young 
lady he had just married being his tenth wife. Case was accordingly arrested 
on the complaint of the young woman's father, and was committed for the 
crime of bigamy on the 10th of August. The same night he put an end to his 
worse than worthless life by hanging himself. 

In November, 1865, Avork was resumed on the unfinished school building. 
The Board had been fearful that if they voted the tax necessary to complete it 
in proper shape, they would thereby become personally liable in case any tax- 
payer saw fit to contest the matter. To obviate this coiatingency an indemnify- 
ing bond was signed by fifty citizens in the sura of $3,000. 

Nov. 30, 1865, a package of $1,250 was stolen from the office of the 
Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad at Cedar Falls, which had been got ready to 
send on the train going east. 

Dr. H. H. Meredith, who settled at Cedar Falls in 1853, died of cancer 
Dec. 28, 1865, at the age of 48 years. He was buried with Masonic honors 
the following day. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 417 

The school house was dedicated to the work of education Jan. 5, 1866, 
with addresses by Prof. A. S. Kissell, of Chicago, Revs. L. B. Fifield, Eber- 
hart. True and Kinney. The building, completed and furnished, cost not far 
from $23,000. The corps of instructors installed in the building were: Gr. A. 
Graves, Principal ; Miss J. H. Harris, Assistant ; Miss S. Y. Harlacher, First 
Primary; Miss E. A. Moulton, Second Primary; Miss K. C. Goodenow, First 
Intermediate; Miss S. E. Miller, Second Intermediate. 

The Cedar Falls Starch Manufactoi-y was incorporated about April 1, 1866, 
with Jacob Cole as President ; J. M. Overman, Vice President ; J. M. Benja- 
min, Treasurer; H, C. Hunt, Secretary; A. G. Thompson, E. Townsend, Geo. 
A. Baker, W. S. Garrison, Jesse Cooper, Directors. 

A determined effort was made by the people of Cedar Falls to suppress the 
traffic in intoxicating liquors in March, 1866. Soon afterward, three barns, 
belonging to Messrs. Barnum, May and Wilson respectively, were set on lire 
and destroyed, and the prevalent opinion was that they had been fired by some 
one among the prosecuted saloon keepers. 

The building of a woolen factory at Cedar Falls was first projected in 1863. 
A Mr. Blasburg visited the town and made arrangements with J. M. Overman 
(N: Co. to erect the building, and he would put in the machinery and lease the 
building. The scheme fell through at that time; but in 1865, M. Collins & Co. 
began the erection of the Cedar Falls Woolen Mill, and had it completed in 
June, 1866. 

The high water in August, 1866, washed out the supports of the old bridge 
and one of the spans fell with its own weight into the water below, 

A re-union of the veteran soldiers of Cedar Falls and vicinity was held Dec. 
21, 1866, under the auspices of Post No. 38, Grand Army of the Republic. 
The address was given by Gen. M. M. Trumbull, of Waterloo. 

A little boy, son of Dr. S. N. Pierce, of Cedar Falls, was drowned in the 
Cedar Feb. 5, 1867, by falling through a hole in the ice. His body was found 
near the woolen mill next day. 

John Callen, who resided six miles south of Cedar Falls, started for home 
in the storm of March 12, 1867, leaving Cedar Falls in the evening. He 
was found three days afterward about half a mile from home, having per- 
ished with the cold. He had fastened the driving lines so tightly to the sled 
stakes that the horses were unable to move, one of them having its feet badly 
frozen. 

July 16, 1867, a destructive fire occurred at Cedar Falls, caused, it was 
believed, by the explosion of a lamp in T. Hazlett's store. Several buildings 
were destroyed. Immediately after the fire, a call was made for a public meet- 
ing for the purpose of organizing a fire company. 

The meeting was held on the 23d, at which time eighty-five citizens enrolled 
themselves into a company, and the meeting by resolution requested the City 
Council to pass an ordinance governing the newly created organization. 

The death of Mrs. Peter 5lelendy occurred Aug. 6, 1867. This lady was 
a most excellent wife and mother, beloved by a large circle of friends, among 
whom she had lived so many years. 

Asa Southwell, who had resided in Cedar Falls about four months, was 
arrested by officers from Detroit, Mich., February 27, 1868, for complicity in 
manufacturing counterfeit money. A considerable sum in two and ten dollar 
bills, all counterfeit, was found with his wife. 

Another fire occurred March 19, 1868, the total loss being $3,500. The 
organization of the fire company, several months before, had proved abortive. 



418 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

A Normal Musical Institute was held at Cedar Falls, beginning on Monday, 
October 19, 1868, and continuing three weeks. The Instructors were: J. W. 
Suffern, of Chicago, I. H. Bunn, of Cedar Falls, and Miss Pitkin, of Cleve- 
land, Ohio. The exercises closed with a concert, at the M. E. Church, on the 
•evening of November 6th. 

The organization of the Musical Association of Cedar Falls was effected during 
the Institute, with S. C. Cotton as President ; A. L. Nichols, Vice President ; 
H. C. Hunt, Treasurer; H. F. Adams, Secretary; I. H. Bunn, Conductor; 
A. G. Chapin, Assistant Conductor. About fifty persons enrolled themselves 
as members. 

The Musical Convention in November, 1869, was attended by over two hun- 
dred and fifty persons, guests being present from several neighboring counties. 
Prof. George F. Root, of Chicago, officiated as Conductor, assisted by Prof 
Matthews. The receipts, after paying expenses, were over $300. 

A son of Mrs. Stephen Kellogg, living at Cedar Falls Junction, was killed 
at Janesville, November 1, 1870. In company with two other boys, he had 
left home, and was riding north on the train. At Janesville, the boys had got 
off, and when the train started, young Kellogg attempted to jump upon the tend- 
er, but fell, and one arm and leg were severed by the wheels. 

Cedar Falls Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, was formed in November, 
1870. The first officers were : Peter Melendy, Master ; R. P. Spear, Lect- 
urer ; E. Murdock, Overseer ; Josiah Thompson, Steward ; J. Bradley, Assist- 
ant Steward ; C. W. Snyder, Secretary ; L. 0. Howland, Treasurer ; F. N. 
Chase, Gate Keeper. 

After several futile movements in the direction of fire protection, a chemical 
steam fire engine was tested in Cedar Falls, February 15, 1870, and was soon 
after, by the Council, ordered to be shipped to the factory as not having suffi- 
cient capacity. 

A Farmers' Institute was held at Cedar Falls, December 19th to the 25th, 
1870, with President Welch, Prof Geo. W. Jones, Prof James Matthews, of 
the Iowa Agricultural College, in attendance as Instructors. Others from 
abroad were : Dr. Sprague, Des Moines ; R. A. Richardson, Fayette ; J. H. 
Bacon, Washington ; E. R. Shankland, Jacob Rich, Dubuque ; Rev. Z. Cook, 
Minnesota; J. C. Abbott. Clarksville ; M. Bryant, Bremer County; G. E. 
Fitch, New Hartford ; Mr. Collar, Butler County. The Institute was well 
attended by the farmers of Black Hawk County, and adjournment was made to 
meet in January, 1871. 

At the adjourned meeting. John Grinnell, of Clayton County, discussed 
fruit growing ; essays were read by R. P. Spear and William Winters. 

March 9, 1871, Cedar Falls, still without organized means of fire protec- 
tion, was again visited by the fiend of conflagration. The loss consisted of the 
Overman Block and two adjoining buildings. The loss was estimated to be 
about $75,000, distributed among Wilson Brothers, Miller, Wilson & Co., G. 
L. Mills, Thompson & Co., J. H. Stanley, Warren Pierce, Cabinet Makers' 
Union, Hunt & Howland, George Sampter, Wise & Bryant, Charles Loose and 
L. B. Crosby. The Public Library was destroyed, and the Odd Fellows lost 
their newly purchased furniture, etc. 

A dispatch was sent to Waterloo for help, which was responded to by the 
arrival of the fire engine " Water Witch, No. 2," on a special train, within 
three-qarters of an hour after the beginning of the fire. By the exertions of 
the men accompanying the Water Witch the fire was prevented from doing more 
destruction. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 419 

Considerable damage was done by a violent gale of wind April 8, 1871, 
which fanned sparks into flame, whereby John Egmire, six miles south of Cedar 
Falls, lost $1,500 worth of barn and shed buildings Frederick Numan, of 
Mount Vernon Township, lost his stables, fences and hay. A farmer near 
Blakeville, in Bennington, George Boulton, near Willoughby, and Henry Bluhn, 
five miles south of Cedar Falls, all experienced similar losses. S. S. Knapp 
had a lot of wood burned north of Cedar Falls. 

The City Council, at its meeting May 3, 1871, contracted with Mr. King, 
agent of the Silsby Company, to purchase an engine of their manufacture, at a 
cost of $6,000. The engine was received May 25th ; but, after a thorough 
trial on the two following days, it was decided by the Council to purchase a 
larger sized machine from the same company, at an added cost of $1,000. 

The school fund of Black Hawk County was increased $315.69 June 17, 
1871, by the finding of the body of a Norwegian, lying dead under a shed in 
Lamb, Byng & Co.'s lumber yard at Cedar Falls. No clue to his name or 
abiding place was found upon his body. 

Another coisiderable fire broke out in Cedar Falls on Sunday, October 8, 
1871, causing a loss of about $40,000, distributed among S. Wilson, G. B. Van 
Saun, Woolen Mills Company and Cabinet Makers' Union. Wilson & Van 
Saun's flouring-mill and the woolen-mill were burned to the foundations, as 
well as several other buildings, the latter of small value. 

Phoenix Hall was completed in the Fall of 1871. This room is 44x80 feet 
in size, 20 feet high. The stage is 16x44, and has a drop curtain 26x17 feet. 
There are two side entrances. 

John O'Brien was killed February 23, 1872, by a moving train, near Cedar 
Falls. According to the verdict of the Coroner's jury, he was intoxicated and 
had lain down on the track. 

A fire was discovered, in the evening of March 16, 1872, in Mrs. Mullarky's 
building, which was, with great difficulty, suppressed. The loss to the owner 
of the building and to T. Hazlett, who occupied it for a dry goods store, was 
several thousand dollars. In the same fire, S. H. Packard lost his law library 
and the Cornet Band lost their instruments. The next night, another fire 
started in the Severin Block, under the store of Pilcher & Pennock, in which 
L. H. Severin, Pilcher & Pennock, B. Thorpe, Jr., Stearns & Odell, Joseph 
Sartor i, Thompson & Co. and Price Brothers lost about $20,000, largely insured. 

The residence of T. L. French was destroyed by fire July 14, 1872. It 
had cost about $24,000, and was insured for only $4,000. 

Mrs. D. H. Kingsley, of Cedar Falls, was drowned July 24, 1872, She 
was with a picnic party, near the Cedar, and, after dinner, with other ladies, 
went into the river for a bath, and lost her life in trying to rescue her sister, 
who had got into deep water. 

A notice having appeared in the Giazette that there would be services in the 
Episcopal Church on Sunday, October 20, 1872, a congregation respectable in 
numbers were in attendance at the usual hour. A youthful face appeared in 
the pulpit, and the boyish frame was draped in the canonical vestments. Part 
of the congregation, recognizing the features of young Burlingame, indignantly 
left the church ; but others, supposing him to be a young divinity student, 
lemained. A choir of young misses rendered the music. The prayer was 
decorously said, and the text announced, " Let your light so shine," etc. The 
pseudo-divine then exhorted the congregation on the necessity of employing a 
Pastor, and on the shame of allowing the church to remain unoccupied. The 
next morning, the companions of the 17-year-old lad asked him for a reason for 



420 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

his prank, and were told by him that " it was too d — n bad that such a nice 
little church should be without a Pastor." 

The iron bridge now spanning the river at Cedar Falls was put in place in 
the Winter of 1872-3, and cost, besides the piers, $13,075, of which amount 
Cedar Falls contributed |2,500. Its length is 347 feet. The builders Avere 
the Wrought Iron Bridge Co., Canton, Ohio. 

John E. Stearns departed from life February 2, 1873. at the age of 63 years. 
He settled in Cedar Falls in 1856, where he resided continuously till his death. 

Hans Christenson and Christen Olsen, both Danes, were drowned in the 
Cedar, at the dam. May 24, 1873. They had got into a boat, which was just 
launched. It floated into the current, and, reaching the dam, the men jumped 
out and were swept into the boiling eddy below, beyond the reach of helping 
hands. 

Emma Case, a young lady of Cedar Falls, died June 9, 1874, from the 
effects of a dose of corrosive sublimate, taken in a state of derangement caused by 
typhoid fever. 

The First National Bank of Cedar Falls was established in the Summer of 
1874, with a capital of $100,000. 

Conductor A. W. Putnam, of the Burlington Road, was run over by the 
tender of his own train, October 20, 1874, at the Cedar Falls depot. His foot 
caught in the frog of the track as he was getting off the tender, which backed 
over him before he could extricate himself. 

James Newell, a resident of Black Hawk County since 1846, died at Cedar 
Falls, at the age of 66, about June 1, 1875. He was born and reared in Bel- 
mont County, Ohio, but had resided in Iowa for about forty years. He was a 
giant in size, having weighed 350 pounds ; but for several years prior to his 
death had weighed a hundred pounds less. 

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 

February 19, 1857, on petition of E. A. Arnold and seventy-six others, the 
County Court ordered an election to be held at Cedar Falls, to decide whether 
said town should or should not be incorporated. The election was held, accord- 
ing to order, on Wednesday, February 25, 1857, at the office of D. J. Coleman, 
and resulted affirmatively. A second election was then ordered to be held at 
the same place, on March 17th, to choose three persons to draft a charter or 
Articles of Incorporation. At this election, R. P. Speer, Wm. H. McClure and 
D. J. Coleman were chosen as such committee, and their labors were indorsed 
by a unanimous vote of the election of the village, June 18, 1857. 

The officers chosen under the charter were : J. M. Overman, Mayor ; Geo. 
C. Dean, Recorder; J. M. Benjamin, Treasurer; J. M. S. Hodgsdon, Marshal. 

The prime object of the organization was not so much for police control as to 
provide ways and means for building a bridge across the Cedar. The great 
tidal wave of immigration was bearing an immense number of settlers to Black 
Hawk County, and to Cedar Falls as well. The ferry-boat started by John R. 
Cameron was too slow for Cedar Falls, was a disadvantage to its business, and a 
bridge must take its place. Accordingly, the town officers contracted for the 
erection of a bridge, and issued bonds for payment. 

The bridge, as originally erected, was 340 feet in length, with a transverse 
width of 16 feet. A toll-keeper was appointed, and an office erected for him. 
The citizens soon afterward became dissatisfied with paying tolls, and one night 
a crowd collected, iore down the office and threw it into the river. When 
hard times began to press, the scrip commenced depreciating, and some eight 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 421 

or ten thousand dollars of the notes passed into the hands of Andrew Mullarky, 
who traded goods for them at fifty cents on the dollar. Other scrip depreciated 
still more. To avoid settlement and to postpone payment of the debt became 
the settled policy of the town. For several years, the town officers were elected 
with this object in view, and a masterly inactivity was preserved regarding the 
bridge debt. Mullarky at last sought relief in the courts and obtained judgment, 
after which bonds were issued in lieu of the former due bills. 

The Mayors succeeding J. M. Overman, under the village organization, 
were Edwin Brown, William H. Philpot, C. F. Jaquith and M. W. Chap- 
man. 

In March, 1865, Cedar Falls having under the State law become a city of 
the second class, officers were elected as follows : T. B. Carpenter, Mayor ; J. 
T. Knapp, Treasurer ; J. B. Powers, Solicitor ; F. Sessions, Marshal. The 
Trustees were: First Ward — John H. Brown, S. A. Bishop; Second Ward — 
James V. Bird, James Williams ; Third Ward — Caleb May, M. W. Chapman ; 
Fourth Ward — Byron Culver, Josiah Thompson. 

The Mayors since that time have been : Albert Allen, 1866 ; F. A. Bryant 
1867-8-9; E. Townsend, 1870-71; A. S. Smith, 1872-3; F. F. Butler, 
1874-5 ; B. Culver, 1876-7. 

The city officers for 1878 are : A. S. Smith, Mayor; C. C. Knapp, Treas- 
urer ; S. H. Packard, Clerk ; A. D. Polk, Solicitor ; Lanfear Knapp, Assessor; 
H. M. Adams, J. F. Zeising, S. Hubbard, P. D. Mornin, W. H. Stickney, L. 
H. 'Barnes, W. T. Williams, G. H. Boemhler, Aldermen ; Jefierson Sager, 
Marshal. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

Reference has been made in the preceding pages to the first matters pertain- 
ing to the schools of Cedar Falls. There are now two large and commodious 
buildings owned by the district and occupied for school purposes, besides two 
smaller structures — one on the North Side — the cost of all being between $40,000 
and $50,000. 

For the school year ending in June last, the schools have been supervised 
by Prof. J. McNaughton, a well-known and able teacher. The teachers, with 
the positions occupied, are given herewith : High School, S. Laura Ensign, 
Principal ; Rev. F. Humphreys, Assistant ; B. F. Landis, First Grammar ; 
Dora Tucker, Second Grammar ; Emma Smith, Third Grammar ; Jennie Read, 
Fourth Grammar ; Alice Carpenter, Mary Reihl, First Primary ; Eva Barber, 
Josie Lawrence, Second Primary ; Lucinda Hall, Ella Fox, Third Primary ; 
Mary Flagler, Alice Miller, Fourth Primary. C. W. Rownd had charge of 
the Mixed school on the North Side. 

The School Board for 1878 is as follows: F. F. Butler, President; S. Wil- 
son, E. Townsend, I. D. Gilkey, P. J. Kaynor, D. T. Cheat, Directors ; A. D. 
Polk, Secretary ; R. A. Davison, Treasurer. 

The district is now free from debt. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Methodist. — The evangelists of this belief are pretty sure to be a little in 
advance of the ministers of other denominations in carrying the Word into the 
wilderness ; and it is a tradition that Rev. Mr. Reed organized a class on the 
Upper Cedar soon after its settlement ; nor would it be strange if Rev. Simeon 
Clark, a well-known character in the eastern counties, had preached along the 
Cedar while hunting bee trees. 



422 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUxXTY. 

The origin of the churches at Cedar Falls and Waterloo was the organiza- 
tion of a society east of the former place in 18')1, by Rev. Asbury Collins. 
Cedar Falls Circuit Avas established by Conference in the Fall of 1853, and 
Rev. Messrs. Ingham and Smith were appointed to the charge. About the 
same time a class was organized at Cedar Falls. Revs. Burley and Kendall 
rode the circuit in 1854-5, and were succeeded by Rev. P. E. Brown. Rev. 
S. Alger was appointed in 1856, but resigned. Rev. Edwin Lamb succeeded 
him. but died soon after, and the year was filled out by Rev. Hiram Ilood. 

Cedar Falls was made a station in 1857, Rev. Rufus Ricker taking charge. 
Rev. W. F. Paxton came in 1859. Although he was a fine preacher and an 
energetic preacher, he is best remembered for the dashing style in which he got 
his wife. Miss Dimheart was teaching in the public school, and Rev. Mr. Pax- 
ton had become decidedly smitten. A gentleman arrived from Wisconsin, ex- 
pecting to marry her. Rev. Frank heard that he had come, and on what errand. 
He drove over to the school house, got her into his buggy, proceeded to Water- 
loo, and married her oif-hand. 

Rev. David Poor followed in 1861, during whose stay a church was built, 
succeeded by Rev. Landon Taylor and Rev. L. D. Tracy. Rev. John Bowman 
came in the Fall of 1862, and remained two years. During his pastorate, the 
society having outgrown the old church, another was built of brick. The new 
building was dedicated Sunday, Dec. 4, 1864, the sermon being preached by 
Rev. A. J. Kynett to a large audience. The notables present were Rev. Messrs. 
Wm. Brush, Wm. Fawcett, John Van Anda and the Presiding Elder, R. Nor- 
ton. The remaining indebtedness on the church, about $2,300, was provided 
for during the day. 

Rev. R. Norton filled the station from 1864 to 1866, succeeded by Rev. J. 
G. Dimmett, Rev. R. W. Keeler, Rev. D. Sheifer, Rev. A. B. Kendig, Rev. 
R. D. Parsons and Rev. J. H. Rhea, who is now in charge. 

The Church has a membership of about 350. 

The Sabbath school was organized in 1857, by withdrawal from the Union 
Sabbath school, managed under the joint care of the Presbyterian, Baptist and 
Methodist Churches. The Sabbath school is managed by five ofiicers and 
twenty-five teachers, and has an average attendance of over two hundred pupils. 

Baptist. — This Church was organized in the Fall of 1854, by Rev. L. 
Knapp, who held regular services for about two years, when he removed to 
Joliet, HI. July 31, the society had a meeting at the school house, at which 
time the members resolved to place the Church on a sound footing, and to seek 
recognition from the other Churches, which was accomplished August 28. Rev. 
Mr. Dean, of New Hartford, preached to the little band till November 21, 
when Rev. W. K. Walton was invited to become the Pastor, who was ordained 
Dec. 23, and remained in charge till Nov. 21, 1860. He was succeeded by Rcv. 
H. E. Bailey. Rev. A. G. Eberhart became Pastor Sept. 1, 1862, and re- 
mained till Nov. 27, 1867. His was a prosperous ministry, for the Church was 
largely increased, twenty-six being received into fellowship at one meeting. 

The society had bought the old school house and converted it into a parson- 
age in 1854. During Mr. Eberhart's stay the church was built. It was dedi- 
cated in 1863. 

Following Elder Eberhart, came Elders D. N. Mason, Star and W. H. 
Stifler, covering a period of about eight years. 

Rev. G. W. Wisselius became Pastor June 23, 1876, but resigned Decem- 
ber 10. A difficulty had arisen between him and the Church, which was the 
cause of much local and newspaper comment. He was succeeded by Rev. L. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 423' 

T. Bush, who is still in charge. He was formally installed March 4, 1877, hav- 
ing been called from a position in the Cedar Valley Seminary. 

The Sabbath school was organized in 1859 (May 8). 

Presbyterian. — The beginning of this Church dates from March 18, 1855, 
when the society was organized under the ministration of Rev. J. M. Phillips, 
with seven members, all of them now dead. Rev. Mr. Phillips remained till 
Oct. 17, 1858, services being held usually in Mullarky's Hall during his 
stay. Rev. William Porterfield was installed Pastor Dec. 31, 1858, and with- 
drew Oct. 14, 1861, leaving an unpleasant impression behind him. The church 
was built during his stay, which was dedicated in October of that year, the 
Synod being in session at Cedar Falls during the time. 

Rev. Stephen Waterbury became Pastor Dec. 9, 1861, and remained just 
three years. Rev. Albert True presided from May 21, 1865, to Jan. 6, 1867, 
followed by Rev. D. Russell from April 7, 1867, to March 28, 1869, during 
whose stay a considerable revival was experienced. 

Rev. S. M. Griffith was called to the pulpit July 16, 1869, and ministered 
till August 31, 1872, leaving a good reputation behind him. 

Rev. A. J. Compton remained only a short time — from Oct. 11, 1872, to 
May 11, 1873. On the latter date. Rev. A. B. Goodale assumed charge of 
the Church, and remained a little over four years. Mr. Goodale, who had been 
a missionary in the East Indies, proved a valuable Pastor, for the membership 
of the Church was considerably increased during his stay. 

Rev. John Wood, the present Pastor, took charge Sept. 3, 1877. 

The present membership is about one hundred and sixty. The Synod has 
held two ses-!ions here, and the Presbytery three. 

The Sabbath school is very large, there being about two hundred and fifty 
pupils, taught by nineteen teachers. 

St. Patrick's^ Catholic. — This is one of the oldest societies in Cedar Falls. 
The first mass was celebrated by Rev. Father McGinnis, at the house of An- 
drew Mullarky, in January, 1855, and in the evening of that day he lectured 
at the school house. The main occasion for this visit was the recent birth of 
Elizabeth E. Mullarky (Mrs. A. II. Morrill), Father McGinnis having been 
summoned to administer the rite of confirmation. 

In May of that year, Bishop Loras, accompanied by another clergyman, 
visited Cedar Falls and provided for regular services, which were conducted for 
several months, by Rev. Mr. Brady, succeeded by Rev. Mr. Slattery. In 
1856, Father Shields assumed charge, and in 1857, during his pastorate, a 
church was built on Washington street, just above Seventh. Father Shields 
died at Waverly, in 1870, and was succeeded by Father McLaughlin, followed 
by Father Gunn, who remained three years, and added a residence to the church 
property. His successors were Rev. Messrs. O'Dowd, Flavin and Ryan. Next 
came Father Smith, under whose energetic management a splendid church was 
built. 

The corner stone was laid Aug. 11, 1876. Mass was celebrated by Rev. 
Mr, Smith, assisted by Rev. Messrs. Scallon, of Waterloo, and Niemers, of 
Gilbertville. This was followed by a procession to the location of the new 
church, succeeded by a sermon preached by Rev. Mr. Smith, and the placing 
of the stone. 

The edifice, which was erected near the former one, was dedicated Nov. 4, 
by Rt. Rev. John Hennessy. Mass was said in the forenoon by Rev. Mr. 
Smith, assisted by several pastors of neighboring churches. The services 
lasted far into the afternoon, the sermon being preached by Bishop Hennessy^ 



424 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

■with his accustomed eloquence and power. The music was supplied b}' the 
choir from the church at Waterloo. 

Notwithstanding that a severe snow storm was prevailing, the spacious 
church was densely crowded, visitors being in attendance from the churches in 
the vicinity of Cedar Falls. 

Next morning a large number were confirmed at the church by the Bishop 
in person. 

There are about eighty families connected with St. Patrick's. 

There is a small Sabbath school, under the direction of Father Smith. 

St. Lukes Episcopal. — This society was organized in the Spring of 1855, 
T)y Rev. James Keeler, at the school house. Rev. James Gilford succeeded 
Mr. Keeler the following year, preaching alternately at Cedar Falls and 
Wateiloo. Rev. Walter Loyd followed in 1861, 

Rev. H. C. Kinney assumed charge in 1864. He soon returned to New 
York, married, and brought his bride to Cedar Falls. By the free use of Mrs. 
Kinney's money and his own hard work the church was built. Mr. and Mrs. 
Kinney remained till 1869, leaving poorer in purse than when they came, but 
■with a tender remembrance of them by all his parishioners. Rev. Ezra Isaacs 
occupied the pulpit for a short time in 1873. 

Rev. F. Humphreys took pastoral charge in 1873, and remained until the 
Winter of 1877-78, when he was succeeded by Rev. Dr. Estabrook, of Inde- 
pendence. 

A Sabbath school has been maintained since the organization of the Church. 

German Lutheran. — A society of this Church was organized in the Sum- 
mer of 1865, by Rev. B. Durschner. Services were held in the Presbyterian 
Church for a year ; but by the exertions of Mr. Durschner and the substantial 
help of Mr. Boehrler (deceased), the society had a church of its own in the 
Fall of 1866. 

Rev. L. Lish accepted a call to the Church in the Spring of 1867, and re- 
mained till July, 1868, followed by the present Pastor, Rev. B. Foelsch, who 
came directly hither from Germany. Mr. Foelsch began by holding morning 
and evening services every Sabbath, and heard a Bible class every Wednesday 
•evening, besides preaching, for a time, on alternate Sabbath afternoons at Wa- 
terloo. 

In the Spring of 1871, the Woman's Missionary Society was organized. 

The congregation numbers about sixty families. Two hundred children 
have been baptized, and about sixty confirmed, since the organization of the 
Church. 

German Evangelical. — The first services of this faith were held at the old 
school house in 1857, by Rev. Messrs. Shafely and More, who preached three 
or four times. Rev. Mr. Phile visited Cedar Falls every three or four weeks, 
during 1859, usually preaching in dwelling-houses. Rev. Henry Klinsorge 
came in 1860 and remained one year. Rev. Heni-y Hinser came in 1861, re- 
maining two years, under whose pastorate a revival was held, resulting in fifty 
additions to the society. A church was also built during his pastorate. His 
successors were Rev. Jacob Keiber, two years ; Rev. Mr. Bernner, one year ; 
Rev. Mr. Harlacher, two years ; Rev. Mr. Schultz, two years ; Rev. Jacob 
Nuhn, one year ; Rev. Mr. Harlacher, three years ; Rev. Mr. Klinsorge, two 
years; Rev. Mr. Bernner, in 1875, who still remains. During this time the 
Church grew from a mission to a circuit, and from that to a station. 

Another church was built in 1876. and the old church was converted into a 
day school room. The new building is 36x64 feet, with spire 114 feet high, 





WATERLOO 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTV. 427 

and cost $6,500. The dedication ceremonies were held on Sunday, December 
24th, the sermon being preached by Bishop Esher, of Chicago. 

The membership of the society is quite Large. 

A Sabbath school was organized about the year 1869. 

Danish Lutheran. — This society was organized in 1871, by Rev. A. S. 
Neilson, who settled in Cedar Falls the same year. The project for a building 
was entered on in the following year. The edifice was dedicated September 7, 
1873, the sermon being preached by the Pastor. The building is 40x60 feet 
in size, Avith vestibule and spire, and cost about $4,000. It is located toward 
the southwestern portion of the city. The membership is about seventy. 

Miss Neilson, daughter of the Pastor, teaches school which is held in con- 
nection with the Church, and is under the supervision of the Pastor. 

Another church of the same faith is situated about eight miles southwest of 
the city, over which Rev. Mr. Neilson has pastoral charge, also. 

Congregational Church. — In accordance with letters missive, a Council met 
at the Congregational Hall in Cedar Falls, July 7, 1860, to consider the ques- 
tion of organizing a Congregational Church. The ministers attending were: J. 
R. Nutting, Bradford; J. C. Holbrook, Dubuque; H. N. Gates, Earlville ; I. 
Russell, Buffalo Grove ; 0. Emerson, Twelve Mile-Creek ; 0. W. Merrill, 
Waterloo. Revs. J. R. Upton and L. B. Fifield attended, though not as mem- 
bers. 

The following day — Sunday — the Church at Cedar Falls Avas organized, 
with seventeen members — six males and eleven females. The sermon was 
preached by Rev. Mr. Holbrook, and the fellowship of the churches extended 
by Rev. H. N. Gates. 

Rev. L. B. Fifield, of Manchester, was invited to become Pastor, which he 
■did at that time, and remained until June 10, 1870. Mr. Fifield was an excel- 
lent preacher, his matter being better than his manner. He was a studi- 
ous, bookish man, reserved in manner, and made acquaintances slowly. One 
peculiarity was his inattention, on the street, to his acquaintances, frequently 
passing without seeming to see them. 

The society, in 1862, purchased the building which had been erected by the 
Methodists. 

The Church received help, until 1872, from the Home Missionary Society, 
when, through the exertions of the present Pastor, Rev. C. Gibbs, who assumed 
charge shortly after Mr. Fifield's withdrawal, the society became self-supporting. 

The present membership is about ninety ; there having been, in all, about 
two hundred names borne on the Church book. 

The Sabbath school was organized in 1860. Its Superintendents have 
been G. N. Miner, James Miller and W. C. Bryant. About one hundred and 
thirty pupils attend. 

Universalist. — A society of this faith was organized several years ago, but 
soon afterward became inactive. Rev. Mr. Hines now holds regular services, 
and the prospect is excellent for a stable organization. Services are held at Phoe- 
nix Hall. 

A Sabbath school has recently been organized, with Mrs. Charles Overman 
as Superintendent. Six or seven teachers instruct the pupils, who are about 
fifty in number. 

The Cemetery Association of Cedar Falls was organized in February, 1865, 
with G. B. Van Saun for President: J. B. Powers, Secretary: Albert Allen. 
Treasurer ; S. A. Bishop, T. B. Carpenter, A. S. Smith, Byron Culver, 
Directors. 



428 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Cedar Falls Engine Company, No. 1, held its first meeting early in May, 
1871. At the meeting held May 19th, 1871, officers were elected, as follows : 
G. B. Van Saun, Foreman ; F. A. Hotchkiss, Assistant Foreman ; N. Roden- 
bach, Hose Captain ; P. Boehmler, Assistant ; C. C. Knapp, Secretary : L. 
N. Fabrick, Treasurer. May 25th, after consultation with the City Council, J. 
A. Fosdick was elected Engineer. 

June 8th, a committee was chosen to ascertain the cost of suitable uniform, 
and report thereon. 

A public parade was made on the afternoon of February 22, 1872, followed 
by a festival, at MuUarky's Hall, in the evening. 

June 7, 1877, the company met, to make arrangements for attending the 
funeral of F. Anschutz, which took place the following day, at which time 
thirty-two members took place in the procession. • 

The present officers are as follows: M. Hammond, Foreman; E. M. 
Stead, Assistant ; Jacob Boehmler, Hose Captain ; Robert Strachan, Assistant ; 
C. H. Rodenbach, Secretary ; C. W. Odell, Treasurer ; J. A. Fosdick, En- 
gineer; John Costelo, Assistant; S. M. Lamb, Stoker; Daniel Corrigan, 
Assistant. 

The company holds frequent meetings for business and drill ; and, the mem- 
bers being young men of high character, the morale is excellent. The member- 
ship is about fifty. 

The engine is a Silsby, and has always been reliable in time of need. Its 
capacity is very great. 

This is the only company for fire duty in Cedar Falls. 

PUBLIC LIBRARY. 

The Cedar Valley Horticultural and Literary Association was organized 
February 18, 1859, with P. Melendy as President ; D. C. Overman, Vice 
President ; J. H. Brown, Treasurer ; G. M. Harris, Secretary. February 
24th, W. W. Beebe, of Dubuque, gave an address before the society on " The 
Best Method of Growing Fruit Trees in Northern Iowa." In the following 
Autumn, the society had accumulated a library of about five hundred volumes, 
and had made arrangements to provide a cabinet of fossils, minerals, insects, 
curiosities and relics. Weekly discussions were had on horticultural topics ; the 
reading room was opened on Monday afternoon, and books could be borrowed 
on Saturday. Three floral exhibitions were given during 1860. The society, 
which had had a very healthy existence, in spite of the war feeling and the constant 
efforts put forth by the citizens of Cedar Falls, terminated its existence Jan. 6, 
1865, by giving way to the " Library Association of Cedar Falls," which was 
organized at the same meeting, with Peter Melendy as President ; G. B. Van 
Saun, Vice President ; S. N. Pierce, Secretary and Librarian ; George D. Per- 
kins, Financial Secretary ; John H. Brown, Treasurer. The old society turned 
over to the new its library, numbering about five hundred volumes. A few weeks 
after, $100 Avorth of ncAv books were ordered by the society. 

The books were destroyed in the fire of March 9, 1871, but the society 
proceeded to secure another supply. The library has been generally well 
patronized. 

MASONIC. 

Black Haivk Lod(je, No. 6o, A., F. and A. M. — Organized in 1853. In 
1862, S. A. Bishop, one of the charter members, served as Grand Treasurer ; Geo. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 429 

B. Van Saun served as Junior Grand Master in 1872, and is now Representa- 
tive near the Grand Lodge for the Grand Lodge of Michigan. 

During the Masonic year ending May 1, 1878, one candidate was initiated, 
two were passed and three were raised. Two were admitted to membership and 
two demitted. The present membership is seventy-two. S. Vandervaart is 
W. M.; R. 0. Beeson, Secretary. 

Meets Monday evening on or before full moon. 

Valley Chapter, No. 20, B. A. 31., was organized under dispensation. 
November 3, 1857, with James Keeler as M. E. H. P.; John Garrison, E. K, 
S. H. Packard, E. S.; M. Simons, Treasurer ; John H. Brown, Secretary 
Charles R. Arnold, C. H.; Robert Lapsley, P. S.; S. P. Brainard, R. A. C 
S. A. Bishop, G. M., 3d v.; John Hartman, G. M., 2d V. 

The charter was issued in October, 1858. 

S. H. Packard has served one year as Treasurer of tlie Grand Chapter. 

Baldwin Commandery, No. 10., K. T. — The dispensation for this body was 
issued by W. E. Leffingwell, Grand Commander, December 15, 1866, and the 
Commandery was organized and instituted by E. A. Guilbert, D. G. Com- 
mander, April 3, 1867. The charter was issued November 13, 1867. and the 
officers chosen were: G. B. Van Saun, E. C; S. A. Bishop, Gen.; E. Town- 
send, C. G.; A. G. Thompson, Prel.; J. M. Benjamin, Treasurer; S. H. 
Packard, Recorder : Frank Neely, S. W.; A. B. Sessions, J. W.; L. N. 
Fabrick, Std. Br.; E. A. Haskill, Swd. Br.; P. Pickton, W.; J. G. Dimmitt, 
S. P. Pickton was Grand Warden in 1873, and G. B. Van Saun is now R. 
E. Grand Commander of Iowa. 

ODD FELLOWSHIP. 

Cedar Falls Lodge, No. 71, I. 0. 0. F. was established Oct. 10, 1855. 
Among its charter members were Dr. H. H. Meredith, B. B. Smith, Andrew 
Kennedy and J. M. Benjamin. 

The Lodge has maintained a healthy though not rapid growth. A few 
years ago, the furniture and other property of the Lodge were destroyed by fire. 
This loss has been replaced and the Lodge is now comfortably placed in the 
third story of the building one door south of Phoenix Block. 

There have been two deaths from the membership — that of Christian Sherer 
in 1876, and that of J. W. Galloway in October, 1877. 

The principal officers for the last half of 1878 are: James Hatfield, N. G.; 
0. B. Wood, V. G.; Z. T. Phillips, Perm. Sec; A. J. Norris, Rec. Sec; Z. 
McNally, Treas. 

The Lodge meets every Thursday evening. There are sixty-four members. 

Cedar Valley Lodge, No. 223, I. 0. 0. F. was instituted by dispensation 
Feb. 1, 1872. The members named in the warrant are Henry PheifFer, Jacob 
Pheiffer, Sebastian Klaus, Jacob Geier, F. Bepler, Adam Close, Philip Hopp, 
Morris Lippold, Charles Hesse and John CoUman. The charter was granted 
Oct. 17, 1872. 

The present officers are : Adam Close, N. G. ; Henry Pheiffer, V. G. ; 
George Flockdicker, Per. Sec. ; Jacob Pheiffer, Treas. ; Abram White, R. S. 
to N. G. ; Loyal Ravel, L. S. to N. G. ; Paul Gehring, Cond. ; John Case, 
Warden; Jacob Geiler, I. G. 

The Lodge meets on Wednesday evenings, and has about thirty-five mem- 
bers. The society has ^300 invested in addition to its joint ownership in hall 
fixtures. 



430 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

UNITED WORKMEN. 

Cedar Falls Lodge, No. , A. 0. U. W. was organized Oct. 23, 1875, 

with the following as officers : S. H. Packard, P. M. W. ; R. 0. Beeson, M. 
W. ; Phil. Boehmler, Foreman ; Francis Cox, Overseer ; T. F. Beswick, Guide ; 
L. 0. Rowland, Recorder; S. N. Pierce, Financier; W. P. Overman, Receiver; 
H. C. Shaver, I. W. ; F. H. Kurd, 0. W. ; T. F. Beswick, Francis Cox, F. 
A. Hotchkiss, Trustees. 

One death has occurred in the history of the Lodge — that of Christian 
Sherer, Aug. 17, 1876. The insurance policy of |2,000 was paid Sept. 20th. 

The present officers are: J. W. Sturtevant, P. M. W. ; Francis Cox, M. 
W.; M. Davis, Foreman ; T. J. Tiller, Overseer : M. C. Stitler, Guide ; F. 
A. Hotchkiss, Recorder; C. C. Shockey, Financier; C. C. Knapp, Receiver; 
J. E. Bates, I. W. ; G. H. Thorpe, 0.' W. , E. Townsend, R. 0. Beeson, G. 
Leland, Trustees. 

The Lodge has about seventy members, and has a considerable accumulation 
of funds. 

Meet in Odd Fellows' Hall on Tuesday evening of each week. 



LA PORTE CITY. 

This pleasant town was located on the south half of Section 25, Township 
87, Range 12 (Big Creek), was surveyed by Wesley Whipple, June 5, 1855 ; 
plat filed for record July 16, 1855, by the proprietors, Jesse Wasson, Junia 
Wasson, W. Catlin and Rosella Catlin. At least, a dozen additions have been 
made to the original plat. The town was named by Dr. Wasson in honor of 
La Porte, Ind., where he had previously lived. 

The first settler in town was Dr. J. Wasson, who built the first building on 
the town plat, on the corner of Main and Locust streets, in April, 1855. It 
was designed as a storehouse and was opened as such, with a stock of goods, in 
May following ; but he occupied a portion of it for a dwelling until he completed 
his house, which he built during the ensuing Summer. 

Among the early settlers were G. Bishop, the first attorney in the new town ; 
W. L. Fox, R. Montray, W. C. Kennedy, R. A. Brooks and George Cook. 

The first saw-mill was erected by Dr. Wasson in 1856, on Big Creek, near 
the present railroad bridge. 

The first grist-mill was built by Lewis Turner in 1855-6, about 200 feet 
above the present mill. This mill was burned about 1860, and was not restored 
until 1864-5, when T. H. Elwell built another about 200 feet below the site of 
the old one. Elwell's mill was and is one of the best flouring-mills in Iowa ; 
has four runs of stone, is supplied with all the most approved machinery and 
modern improvements, and manufactures the highest grades of flour, and sup- 
plies the bakers of Vinton, Waterloo and Cedar Falls. Mr. Elwell sold an 
interest in the mill property to his son-in-law, Babcock, and the mill was run 
by Elwell & Babcock. Since Mr. Babcock's decease, there has been no change 
in the firm name, Virs. Babcock retaining her interest. 

In 1856, John Rolph and W. L. Fox built a story-and-a-half building, 12x 
12 feet, in the brush, on the east side of Main street, near Commercial, every 
stick of timber in which, says Mr. Fox, was taken from public lands. The 
upper floor of this building was designed as a paint shop by Mr. Rolph ; the 
lower floor was supplied with a few rude benches, and in that same Summer the 



HISTORY' OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 431 

first school in town was opened in it by Miss Hattie Fleming (now Mrs. James 
Fosdick). 

The first school house was built of logs on School House Square. The second 
was a frame building, built in 18G3-4, on the same site. Near this, a brick school 
house was erected in 1871-2, and both are now occupied for school purposes. 
The Principal is W. H. Butler, Avith an Assistant Principal and four teachers. 

John Thompson was the first blacksmith who struck the first ringing blows 
on the anvil in La Porte, in a log shop, near the corner of Commercial and 
Main streets. 

MUNICIPAL RECORD. 

October 7, 1870, G. W. Hayzlett, Jasper Parks and thirty-nine others presented 
a petition to the Circuit Court, praying for the incorporation of La Porte City. An 
election was ordered, and held at the " Kennebec House " (now the National), Jan- 
uary 31, 1871, which resulted — 110 votes "for incorporation" and 75 votes 
"against incorporation;" and on the 11th day of February, 1871, the Court 
declared the town of La Porte City duly incorporated. 

B. S. Stanton, George Waltz, Hiram Goodwin, C. T. IngersoU, William 
Chappie, Commissioners appointed by the Court, called an election on the 6th 
day of March, 1871, for the election of ofiicers. The election resulted as fol- 
lows: Mayor, R. J. McQuilken ; Recorder, W. H. Brinkerhoff; Trustees, 
G. W. Hayzlett, W. A. Walker, William Chappie, John Hilferty and W. L. 
Fox. The municipal government was duly organized March 11, and its first 
act was the adoption of rules of order. April 1, T. H. Cole was elected Mar- 
shal and Henry Chappie Treasurer, and April 15, 0. G. Young was elected 
Street Commissioner. 

1872.— R. J. McQuilken, Mayor: W. H. Brinkerhoff, Recorder; G. W. 
Hayzlett, W. A. Walker, J. R. Stebbins, B. S. Stanton and William Chappie, 
Trustees. 

1873.— R. J. McQuilken, Mayor; J. R. Stebbins, Recorder; W. H. Brink- 
erhoff, W. A. Walker, B. S. Stanton, George Banger and R. M. Lane, Trustees. 

1874. — R. J. McQuilken, Mayor; Henry Chappie, Recorder: R. M. Lane, 
George Waltz, George Banger, W. H. McKee and John M. Wright, Trustees. 

1875. — Jesse Wasson, Mayor; E. K. McGogy, Recorder; Jacob Wagner, 
Robert M. Lane, G. A. Watson, John M. Wright and W. H. McKee, Trustees. 

1876.— J. Wasson, Mavor: E. K. McGogy, Recorder; R. J. McQuilken, 
W. A. Walker, John H. Fisher, William Rolph and George Banger, Trustees. 

1877. — J. Wasson, Mayor; B. A. Chapin, Recorder; R. J. McQuilken, 
John H. Fisher, Henry Sharon, W, A. Walker and George Banger, Trustees. 

1878.— William A. Walker, Mayor ; B. A. Chapin, Recorder ; John H. 
Fisher, John E. Eberhart, Nelson Taylor, Adam Keller and William Hamilton, 
Trustees ; T. L. Reed, Marshal ; George Cramer, Street Commissioner ; C. T. 
IngersoU, Treasurer; John McQuilken, Assessor. 

Dr. Jesse Wasson was not only the first settler, but Avas first Justice of the 
Peace, and first Postmaster. He individually paid for the delivery of the mail 
the first year, as it was not on a regular mail route. 

The first established road through the town Avas the State road, from Vinton 
to Cedar Falls, in May, 1855. 

The first iron bridge built in the county Avas one thrown across Big Creek, 
in this town, in 1867, at a cost of $4,500, and in 1874 a substantial " Howe 
Truss " bridge Avas built across the Cedar River, nearly opposite the town, 
Avhich cost over $7,000. 



432 HTSTOR\ OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

In May, 1865, the town contained 600 inhabitants, 2 churches, 1 school 
house, 3 groceries, 4 dry goods stores, 1 boot and shoe shop, 3 hotels, 2 drug 
stores, 1 furniture store, 1 hardware store, 1 news depot, 8 millinery stores. 
1 confectionery shop, 2 blacksmiths, 1 carriage shop, 1 photograph gallery, 1 
grist-mill. 

In 1875, its business interests were represented by 5 dry goods stores. 4 
groceries, two drug and book stores, 1 hardware store, 3 agricultural imple- 
ment stores, 5 elevators, 1 large flouring-mill with 3 run of stones, 2 livery 
stables, 5 millinery stores, 4 restaurants and bakeries, two meat markets, 2 
wagon makers, 4 blacksmiths, 2 lumber yards, 5 doctors, 3 lawyers, 1 news- 
paper and printing office, and 1,200 inhabitants. 

The first newspaper was the Progress, established by Dr. J. Wasson, in Novem- 
ber, 1870. The office was in a buildmg on the corner of Main and Locust streets, 
which occupied the site of the pioneer building erected in the Spring of 1855. 
Jan. 12, 1872, the office was burned and the material destroyed, but with 
characteristic energy Dr. Wasson very soon obtained a new outfit, which he 
put in the basement of the building now occupied by the Progress, a short dis- 
tance northwest of the old office. The paper has prospered under Dr. Wasson's 
management, and he is now erecting a large stone building on the site of the 
office that was burned, in which the Progress will find business quarters. 

July 17, 1878, Company E of the First Regiment of Iowa National Guards 
was organized at La Porte. The officer sare : Captain, Chas. A. Bishop ; First 
Lieutenant, John Connor ; Second Lieutenant, B. A. Chapin. The company 
has its full quota of men, and will soon receive a supply of breech loading rifles. 

The population of La Porte, in 1878, is about fifteen hundred. It has 4 
churches, 2 school houses, 5 dry goods stores, 3 groceries, 3 boot and shoe 
stores, 4 hotels, 2 hardware stores, 3 drug stores, 2 lumber yards, 1 bank, 5 
elevators, 1 newspaper and printing office, etc., etc. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Methodist Episcopal Church — This Church was organized in 1856 or 
1857, and was first supplied by Rev. Mr. Hollinsworth, then of Vinton. Their 
meetings were first held in a private building on the west side of Big Creek, 
and afterward in dwellings and school house, until 1872, when a church edifice 
was erected on Block 10, in Wasson's Addition, which was dedicated by Rev. 
John Clinton, from Mount Vernon. A Sabbath school was instituted at the 
time of the organization of the Church, and A. N. Day was its first Superin- 
tendent. A Ladies' Aid Society and the Young People's Mite Society were 
organized some time after the organization of the Church. Rev. J. H. Gilrouth 
is the present Pastor in charge, who, assisted by Mr. John Fisher, also has 
charge of the Sabbath school. 

Tlie Seventh-Day Adventists, La Porte City. — This Church was organized 
and built its chuixh (28x74) in 1861, with Amos Araburn as Elder, and Ben- 
jamin Leach, Deacon (who were not regularly ordained, however, until 1866). 
The society held meeting three times a week. In 1868, they sold their church 
to the Presbyterians, since Avhich time services have been held in private 
houses. The Sabbath school was organized in 1861, and Amos Amburn ap- 
pointed as first Superintendent. A Vigilance Missionary Society was organ- 
ized November 21, 1877, Avith the object to further the interests of the Church. 
Its officers elected and still serving are as follows : President, John King ; 
Vice President, Otis Mitchell ; Secretary and Treasurer, Amos Amburn. The 
association meets once a week. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAAVK COUNTY. 433 

Eoangelical Association — The early history of this Church at La Porte is 
identified with that of the Waterloo Church, it being a part of the same until 
1873, when the work was divided and the La Porte Church became independ- 
ent. A church was built in 1868, and dedicated by Bishop Long, from 
Illinois (now occupied by the American Evangelical Association). Until 1874, 
the American and German societies were united, but in that year they were 
■divided, the German division having purchased the Presbyterian Church in 
1873. The first German Pastor after the separation was Rev. Mr, Egge, who 
was followed successively by Revs. Eckhart, Echer, Shook, and the present 
Pastor, N. Knoll. The Sunday school was started in 1870, with T. Lunerman 
as Superintendent. The present Superintendent is Mr. C. Trepp. A nice 
parsonage is now nearly finished, near the church. The American society still 
occupies the church purchased in 1868. Their first Pastor was Rev. A. Wag- 
ner. The present Pastor is Rev. Wm. J. Hahn, who occupies the parsonage 
built near the church in 1872. The Sunday school is under the supervision of 
Mr. Joseph Susong. 

Presbyterian Qlmrah. — The first public services by this denomination were 
held by Rev. N. C. Robinson, in November, 1857, in a log cabin which stood 
on Commercial stceet, near Mr. Walker's present residence. The Church was 
organized November 4, 1867, by a council consisting of Rev. Luther Dodd and 
R. Wylie, Ruling Elder. The first members were James McQuilken, T. L. 
Mayes, R. J. McQuilken, Jennie H. McQuilken, John McQuilken, William 
P. Mayes and Annie Mayes. Rev. J. A. Hoyt was first Pastor, and James 
McQuilken and T. L. Mayes Ruling Elders. In 1868, the society pur- 
chased the church built by the Adventists, about 1861, and occupied it until 
1873, when they sold it to the German Evangelical society, reserving the 
privilege of occupying it for morning services until the 1st of November. 

In June, 1873, Dr. C. T. Ingersoll, R. J. McQuilken and B. S. Stanton 
were appointed a committee to select and purchase a site for a new church 
edifice, who soon afterward reported that they had selected lots on the corner 
of First and Sycamore streets, which were purchased for $400. J. T. Wagner, 
an architect, drafted a plan for the building, which was accepted, and a Build- 
ing Committee appointed, consisting of C. T. Ingersoll, B. S. Stanton, R. J. 
McQuilken, F. S. Boynton and F. M. Thompson. Work was commenced in 
July, 1873, and the vestry was completed ready for occupation in the last part 
of November, 1873. The church proper was completed and dedicated on the 
last Sabbath in November, 1874, the dedicatory sermon being preached by 
Rev. Stephen Phelps, of Vinton. The building is 60x36 feet, and cost, includ- 
ing the site, $8,372.74. 

After Mr. Hoyt's pastorate. Rev. N. C. Robinson occupied the pulpit about 
six months, when Rev. D. S. Morgan became Pastor, who was succeeded by 
Rev. J. A. Donahey, who retired April 1, 1878. Since that time, the Church 
has been destitute of a settled Pastor, but the pulpit is regularly supplied by 
Rev. W. R. Stewart. The present ofiicers of the Church are : Ruling Elders, 
S. White, T. L. Mayes, R. R. McQuilken, Samuel McQuilken, P. E. Triera 
and R. J. McQuilken; Trustees, B. S. Stanton, J. R. Stebbins and John 
McQuilken. 

MASONIC. 

Trowel Lodge, No. 216, A., F. ^ A. M. — Organized U. D. dated March 
26^ 1867. The organization was effected very soon afterward. The petitioners 
for dispensation were George AV. Dickinson, G. W. Hayzlett, George Raines, 



434 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

0. A. Phillips, F. S. Boynton, R. C. Heath and Hubbard Moore. George W.. 
Dickinson was first W. M., and George W. Hayzlett, S. W. 

About a year afterward, the Lodge was regularly instituted under charter 
dated June 3, 1868. The first officers under charter were George W. Dickin- 
son, W. M. ; G. W. Hayzlett, S. W. ; William Chappie, J. W. ; B. S. Stanton, 
Treasurer ; Jesse Wasson, Secretary ; William Cooper. S. D. ; R. C. Heath, 
J. D. ; Miller Edsil, Tiler. Bro. D"^ickinson served as W. M. until May, 1870, 
when G. W. Hayzlett succeeded him, and the succession has been John S. Eber- 
hart, Nelson Taylor and J. C. Bauman. The Secretaries of the Lodge since 
its institution under charter, have been J. Wasson, W. H. Brinkerhoff, C. F. 
Swallow, J. Wasson, J. E. Babcock an 1 J. Wasson. 

The officers elected in 1878 are J. C. Bauman, W. M. ; James Norton, S. 
W. ; James Van Dyne, J. W. ; J. Wasson, Secretary ; B. S. Stanton, Treas- 
urer. 

I. 0. 0. F. 

La Porte Lodge, No. 229, was organized in Masonic Hall, La Porte City, 
December 1, 1871, by W. P. Overman, D. D. G. M.. assisted by a large dele- 
gation from Cedar Falls, with five charter members, as follows : Charles Waite, 
William G. Goodwin, D. W. Dalton, Henry Chappie and W. H. McKee. The 
first officers were C. Waite, N. G. ; Henry Chappie, V. G. ; William G. Good- 
win. Secretary, and D. W. Dalton, Treasurer. The present officers are William 
C. Fritz, N. G. ; John McQuilken, V. G. ; Henry Chappie, Secretary ; and 
John Waite, Treasurer. 

The Lodge meets every Friday evening in Masonic Hall, corner Main and 
Commercial streets. Present membership, twenty-one. 

A. 0. u. w. 

Shield Lodge, No. 127, organized August, 1877, with the following charter 
members, viz. ; B. A. Chapin, E. M. Sharon, Nelson Taylor, B. S. Stanton, 
George Husted, Dr. J. B. Darling, John S. Eberhart, Henry Sharon, Henry 
Chappie, William B. Clark, William Rolph, J. D. Hudson, Charles Berry, C. 
A. Bishop, G. S. Bishop, John McQuilken, James McPhail, H. J. Preble and 
Adam Keller. 

First officers : B. A. Chapin, P. M. W. ; E. M. Sharon, M. W. ; -Nelson 
Taylor, General Foreman ; John McQuilken, Overseer ; G. S. Bishop, Re- 
corder ; John S. Eberhart, F. ; B. S. Stanton, Receiver. 

Officers, July, 1878 : Nelson Taylor, P. M. W. ; John S. Eberhart, M. AV. ; 
William Rolph, G. F. ; B. A. Chapin, Recorder; H. J. Preble, 0. ; H. Chappie,. 
F. ; B. S. Stanton, Receiver. 

Present membership, seventeen. 



CEDAR CITY. 

The first settler on the site of Cedar City was Paul Somaneux, who built a 
cabin there in 1847-48. The town is located near the east bank of the Cedar 
River, on south half of Section 6, 89, 13, and was laid out in 1856 by William 
M. Dean. Prior to the advent of railroads^ it was a town of some importance. 
In 1865, it had a population of about 200, and had a hotel, a school house, two 
brcAveries, two stores, etc. When the railroad was built, however, its business 
was drawn tJ) the neighboring town of Cedar Falls, and now there are but few 
evidences remaining of its former prosperity. 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 435- 

Just west of Cedar City, on the flat, is where Newell and his companion 
camped when returning from the Upper Cedar in the Spring of 1845 ; and 
when Somaneux decided to make a claim, he could find no more suitable spot 
than where Cedar City now stands. He lived here, accordingly, when not en- 
gaged in trapping, till 1851, when he died. Mr. Newell has recorded that the 
honest Frenchman sent for him when he felt death approaching, and, with 
Newell, went carefully over his little accounts with the few neighbors at Cedar 
Falls. 

Cedar City has been prominent only since the advent of the railway, from 
the notoriety derived from the attempted murder of Byron Wright by Alniira 
Stickles, an account of which is given elsewhere. 

It is hardly likely that the town can regain its former thrift, owing to the 
fact that Cedar Falls has ample room to spread out on the south side of the 
river, and it will remain only as another little landmark of the restless energy of 
1856, that marked out town plats all over the West, where town lots would not 
sell to amplify their projectors' bank accounts. 



GILBERTVILLE. 

This town was located on Sections 22, 23 and 27, Township 88, Range 
12, in Poyner Township, John Chamboud and John Felton, proprietors. The 
county records show that it was platted in 1856, but it seems probable that it 
was laid out at least a year or two prior to that date. In a sketch of this town, 
published in the Iowa State Reporter in 1875, it is stated that in 1854 John 
Chamboud and John Felton came into the township and founded the city of 
Gilbertville. As Rome was called the "seven-hilled city," Gilbertville might 
be called the "sand-hill city," provided it ever assumed such proportions. The 
question has often been asked, why a town was laid oat on such a barren place. 
The only reason to be given is that the good land had been entered before this, 
and the rock bottom and fall in the river made it a suitable place for a mill, 
which was much needed. A mill was built on the west bank and run by steam 
for two or three years. Arrangements were also in progress for the building 
of a dam and ferry, when the accidental death of John Felton, by drowning, 
put a stop to the work. Felton and two other men were out in a boat stretch- 
ing a cable across the river for the ferry, when in some manner the boat was 
caught by the rope, upset and all thrown into the water. Two of the men 
were rescued, but Felton was unable to swim and was drowned before assistance 
could be given him. 

Messrs. Chamboud and Felton were well calculated to carry out the plans 
which they had made together, the former possessing good planning talent, 
and the latter great executive ability. One was theoretical and the other prac- 
tical, and working well together, but neither calculated to do much alone. 

The city was a magnificent one — on paper. It was extensively laid out in 
blocks, lots, streets and avenues on both sides of the Cedar River. There were 
seventy-eight blocks subdivided into 714 lots on the east side, and 120 blocks 
on the west side. The plat represented a beautiful city possessing unequaled 
natural advantages. It showed a large public square in the center, a beautiful 
lake in the center of the square, a nice pleasure boat in the center of the lake, 
with a party of pleasure seekers on board the boat enjoying a sail. Such a 
magnificent plat was well calculated to give one an exalted opinion of the place ; 
but, says the writer of the sketch above alluded to, " I must confess I was 



43(t HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

somewhat disappointed when I came to visit it for the first time, June 10, 1856. 
I drove into town with three yoke of heavy cattle to a light loaded wagon. I 
had crossed many sloughs without getting sloughed, but in Gilbertville I got 
sanded — stuck in the deep sand. I had to put my shoulder to the wheel and 
call on Hercules to help and whip the cattle. 

Mr. Chamboud, the projector of this magnificent enterprise, took his plat 
and went to Dubuque to sell lots and to induce emigration to his new city. 
Christopher Kelley was pleased with the glittering prospect. He sold his pos- 
sessions in Dubuque and invested the proceeds in seven lots in the " sand-hill 
city " of the Cedar. On his arrival, however, Kelley 's wrath was righteously 
kindled, and there was some pretty loud and pretty hard talk ; but he was in for 
it ; he had invested his all in lots in a paper city ; his hopes and his money 
were all sunk together, and he was obliged to remain to watch the spot where 
they had disappeared. Nicholas Bowden also invested in town lots after a careful 
examination of the plat ; but when he came to examine his Gilbertville property 
it is said that he gave free vent to his rage without being very fastidious in his 
language. John Fagan was very cautious ; he didn't want to invest until he had 
seen the spot. He did not place implicit reliance in Chamboud's plat, and 
with Joseph Mathews he came out to see. They were in a hurry (perhaps be- 
ing fearful that the lots would be all sold before they could get back) and made 
the journey from Dubuque to Gilbertville in a day and a half, Mr. Fagan com- 
ing on foot and Mathews on horseback. They came, saw and returned to 
Dubuque, but concluded not to invest. 

For a few years, the city grew rapidly. Chamboud, Kammon & Felton 
opened a store with a general assortment, well adapted to the wants of the 
country, Nicholas Bowden also opened a small store, but did not continue long, 
John Snyder had the first blacksmith shop, in 1855, and the first in. the town- 
ship, John Eickelberg, now a resident of Waterloo, started a wagon shop 
soon after. 

In 1857, Peter Felton started a steam saw-mill on the Cedar bottom, under 
the bluff, on some vacant lots. In the Summer of 1858, the top of the smoke- 
stack was visible above the water of the Cedar. The next season he moved it 
out of the bottom and set it in the center of the public square, and where the 
lake was represented to be on the plat, and then had to dig a well twelve feet 
deep right in the middle of the lake to get water to supply the engine. 

Many people who owned land in the vicinity built in town, but finding it 
inconvenient they removed the buildings to their farms. 

In the early settlement of the place, it supported a small brewery and tan- 
nery, but they soon ceased operations. A few years after, two small distilleries 
existed for a short time. In 1856, a small Catholic Church was erected and 
used until 1868, when a larger one was built, which was destroyed by wind in 
1874. Another church was built and dedicated early in 1875. 

In 1875, Gilbertville had two stores, three saloons, a post office, one black- 
smith shop, and the main street was solid, containing nineteen families and 
ninety-eight inhabitants. In 1878, there is a blacksmith shop, a saloon or two 
and a store, 

RAYMOND, 

This is a small village and station on the Illinois Central Railroad (origi- 
nally Dubuque & Pacific), It is situated on the northwest quarter of the north- 
west quarter of Section 2, and the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 437 

of Section 8, Township 88, Range 12, and is about in the center of Poyner 
Township. It was surveyed by John Ball, County Surveyor, for Edward E. 
McStay, proprietor, April 11, 1866; plat filed for record Jan. 14, 1867, at 10 
o'clock A. M. Edmund Miller built a house and an elevator in 1860, the first 
building in the place. Porter M. Chaffee built and opened the first store in 
1865. In 1875, it had one elevator, one dry goods and grocery, and one drug 
store, depot, telegraph and post office, and one blacksmith shop and one hotel. 

In 1878, there are one store, one blacksmith shop, one hotel, depot and 
post office, elevator, two churches, one school house. 

The school house was built in the Fall of 1866. It is a small frame school 
house, and it is not remembered who taught the first school in it. 

The Qhurch of Christ (Advent) was organized December, 1873, by Rev. J. 
W. Burroughs, editor of Burroughs' Journal^ with forty-one members. In- 
corporated in 1874, and bought one-half of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. 
Dr. B. Banton, C. L. Shaw and William Wheeler are the Trustees. Rev. Mr. 
Burroughs is Pastor. 

Raymond Cireiiit M. E. Church.— vThe region occupied by the Raymond 
Circuit of the M. E. Church has long enjoyed the preaching of the Methodist 
itinerant ; but in the year 1869 it Avas formed into a charge by itself, under the 
labors of Rev. W. 0. Glassner, then a supernumerary member of Upper Iowa 
Conference. 

It was formed from parts of Jessup and Brandon Circuits, taking Raymond 
and Pleasant Valley appointments from the former, and Mount Pleasant Church 
and society in Spring Creek Township from the latter. Indian Creek appoint- 
ment was afterward added. The whole had a membership of about one hundred. 

Its name first appears in the minutes of the Upper Iowa Annual Confer- 
ence for the year 1870. 

The following have been appointed its Pastors: 1870-71, W. S. R. Bur- 
nett ; 1872, S. N. Howard ; 1873, A. Critchfield ; 1874, Joseph Cook ; 1875, 
Geo. W. Rogers ; 1876-77, B. D. Alden ; 1878, — . 

Under the energetic labors of Rev. W. S. R. Burnett, a convenient parson- 
age was built in Raymond in 1871. 

Under the administration of Rev. S. N. Howard, the neat church edifice oc- 
cupied by the society in Raymond was erected and dedicated Aug. 10, 1873. 

The present membership of the charge is 133. 



HUDSON. 

This little rural hamlet was surveyed and platted by George W. Miller, June 
15, 1857, John L. Alline and Asaph Sergeant, proprietors. It was located on 
the west half of Section 26, Township 88, Range 14 (Black Hawk), on the south- 
east side of Black Hawk Creek, eight miles southwest of Waterloo. 

Through it passed the Waterloo and Eldora road, a great wagon thoroughfare, 
over which mail stages made semi-weekly trips. 

About the timo this line was projected, which was probably before the plat 
was made or recorded, speculation was rife and everybody wanted all the land 
they could see. 

For two years, the little village of Hudson had flattering prospects. During 
that time, there were erected seven dwellings — one brick, one log and five frame ; 
two hotels, one brick and one frame ; one frame store, on the corner of Fifth 
and Washington streets, Asaph Sergeant, proprietor, and one blacksmith shop. 



438- HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

The town has had within its limits two hotels, two shoe shops, general assort- 
ment store, post office, blacksmith shop, cabinet maker's shop, Methodist parson- 
age, a shingle machine, and a milliner's shop in every house. There is a saw- 
mill one-quarter of a mile distant, built by Tewksbury Bros., in 1857-8. The 
mill-dam was made of logs and brush. This was afterward converted into a 
flouring-mill, which was run successfully. 

Extra brick were made on the Worthington farm, two miles north. The 
brick used in the erection of the two building in Hudson, were made on this 
farm. Some of Black Hawk Township brick are in Waterloo edifices. 

On the 4th of July, 1857, the first celebration was held in the village of 
Hudson, " not on Bunker Hill," but on the Public Square, where the good flag 
of our Union boldly wafted in the gentle breeze and bid defiance to the red 
men. 

The city fathers were extremely wise, were^ never humbugged by a light- 
ning rod company, street railway company, nor even by a gas company. There 
never were any bank suspensions in the town. 

The town has noAV nearly as many buildings as it had in its palmier days. 
There are two blacksmith shops and a machine for making barbed wire fencing, 
which is run by horse power. A store is now being built in town by Deacon H. 
A. Lane, of Waterloo, who expects to open it with a stock of goods required by 
farmers, in August, 1878. There are seven families living in the town. About 
half a mile away is a tavern. 

"Jockey Town," is the name given, by Mr. Bonesteel, to a little cluster of 
houses about a mile northeast of Hudson, while he was trading horses with the 
residents. 

BARCLAY. 

A small village located on Camp Creek, about twelve miles northeast of 
Waterloo. It was laid out on the northwest quarter of Section 13, Township 
89, Range 11, Barclay Township, August 8, 1854, by James Barclay. In 1865, 
it contained two stores, a saw-mill, a large tavern and about 100 inhabitants ; 
but Avith the advent of railroads, which attracted business to otb.er points, this 
little village, like many another in the West, dwindled away, until now there are 
only a blacksmith shop and a post office there. The ruins of the old steam 
saw-mill are yet to be seen. 

JANESVILLE. 

This town is mainly in Bremer County, but a town plat was made on the 
northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 2, Township 90, Range 
14, in 1855, by Mary Ann and Hiram Fairbrother. 



FINCHFORD. 

In LTnion Township, a small hamlet containing a good flouring-mill, two or 
three stores, a hotel, blacksmith shop and school house. It is a mile and a half 
from Finchford Station, on the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad, 
where there is another school house. 

The town was laid out on Section 7, Township 90, Range 14, by Lewis Go- 
ings, in 1872. 



WAR HISTORY. 



The people of the Northern States have just reason to be proud of the glo- 
rious record they made during the dark and bloody days when crimson-handed 
rebellion threatened the life of the nation. When war was forced upon the 
country by rebels in arms against the Government, the people were quietly pur- 
suing the even tenor of their way, doing whatever their hands found to do — 
working the mines, making farms or cultivating those already made, erecting 
homes, building shops, founding cities and towns, building mills and factories — 
in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the future. The 
people were just recovering from the depression and losses incident to the finan- 
cial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, and the indus- 
trious and patriotic sons and daughters of the Free States were buoyant with 
hope, looking forward to the perfecting of new plans for the ensurement 
of comfort and competence in their declining years ; they little heeded the mut- 
terings and threatenings of treason's children, in the Slave States of the South. 
True sons and descendants of the heroes of the "times that tried men's souls " 
— the struggle for American independence — they never dreamed that there was 
even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of the Union of their fathers 
— a government baptized with the best blood the world ever knew. While 
immediately surrounded with peace and tranquillity, they paid but little atten- 
tion to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from the 
sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others — aye, even trafficked in the offspring 
of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came, with all its attendant horrors. 

April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. Ander- 
son, IT. S. A., Commandant, was fired upon by rebels in arms. Although basest 
treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as the 
mere bravado of a few hot-heads — the act of a few fire-eaters whose sectional 
bias and freedom and hatred was crazed by the excessive indulgence in intoxi- 
cating potations. When, a day later, the news was borne along the telegraph 
wires that Maj. Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been 
regarded as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled from 
their dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, and made to real- 
ize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well-organized purpose to 
destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a 
slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bond- 
age the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, perchance, 
through practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter removed from the 
color that God, for His own purposes, had given them. But they '' reckoned 
without their host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the establish- 
ment of an independent confederacy, were doomed from their inception to sad 
and bitter disappointment. 



44Q HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln — 
America's martyr President, who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the 
oath of office as the nation's Chief Executive, issued a proclamation calling for 
75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word had scarcely been taken 
from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money were counted 
out by hundreds and thousands. The ])eople who loved their whole Govern- 
ment could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated 
through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, 
the bench, the college, the school house, every calling offered its best men, their 
lives and fortunes in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party lines 
were for the time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political heat, 
were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they 
repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman : " By tlie great Eternal^ 
the Union must and shall be preserved ! " 

Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor 
were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it 
began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to 
crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to 
every call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. 
And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there 
were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered 
themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, 
motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons 
of Black Hawk County made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. ' Of the 
offerings made by these people during the great and final struggle between free- 
dom and slavery it is the purpose now to write. 

April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, 
issued the following : 

PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas, The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in 
several States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way ; I therefore 
call for the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75,000, to 
suppress said combinations and execute the laws. I appeal to all loyal citizens to facilitate and 
aid in this effort to maintain the laws and the integrity of the perpetuity of the popular govern- 
ment, and redress wrongs long enough endured. The first service assigned to the forces, 
pi'obably, will be to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the 
Union Let the utmost care be taken, consistent with the object, to avoid devastation, destruc- 
tion, interference with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country; and I hereby 
command persons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from 
date. 

I hereby convene both Houses of Congress for the 4th day of July next, to determine upon 
measures for public safety which the interest of the subject demansd. 

Abraham Lincoln, 

Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of State. President of fie United States. 

The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South was accepted — not, 
however, in the spirit with which insolence meets insolence — but with a firm, 
determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the President 
was plain, under the Constitution and the laws, and above and beyond all, the 
people, from whom political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the 
rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representatives and 
executive officers. 

The absence of the files of newspapers in Waterloo, from 1861 to 1864, 
renders it impossible for the historian to do full justice to the spirit and patriot- 
ism of this people in the early days of America's gigantic and bloody struggle 
against rebellion, and their liberal contributions to maintain the integrity of this 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 441 

glorious Union. It is a proud record, for from their midst went out brave sol 
diers, to aid in the grand struggle for the maintenance and perpetuity of 
Republican institutions. 

A union of lakes, a union of lands, 

A union that none can sever ; 
A union of hearts, a union of hands — 

The American Union forever. 

Never before in the world's history was witnessed such an uprising of the masses^ 
such unanimity of sentiment, such willingness to sacrifice life and money on the 
altar of patriotism. 

When the first companies were being raised, measures were inaugurated and 
carried out to raise money by subscription for the support of the families of the 
volunteers. But there were so many calls for men, and the number and needs 
of these families whose providers had gone to defend the life of the nation, that 
it became an impossibility for private purses, however willing their holders, to 
supply all the demand, and the county authorities made frequent and liberal 
appropriations from the public treasury for that purpose. Private liberality 
still continued. This money was raised in the midst of the excitement of war, 
when the exigencies of the times demanded it, and the generous people never 
thought to inquire how much was given. Aside from the sums appropriated bv 
county authority, no account was ever kept. Had there been, the sum would 
now seem almost fabulous. 

A volunteer military company was organized at Cedar Falls in February,. 
1861, with J. B. Smith as Captain; C. D. Billings, First Lieutenant; W. 
Francis, Second Lieutenant ; F. Sessions, C. H. Mullarky, W. Hamel, F. H. 
Cooper, Sergeants ; William McCoy, John Brown, George Leland, J. Rosen- 
baum, Corporals. The company bore on its roster sixty names. The name 
adopted was '" Pioneer Grays." 

Late in April, 1861, the Pioneer Grays began to prepare for marching to- 
the front, under the following order : 

Adjutant General's Office, Iowa City, April 18, 1861. 
J. B. Smith, Captain of the Pioneer Grays : 

Sir — The President of the United States has made a requisition upon Iowa for a regiment 
of volunteers, to defend the Government against traitors and rebels in arms. 

The Governor has directed me to call on you, and to request you to fill up your ranks to the 
number of not less than seventy-eight men, including officers; and if that number should be 
exceeded, there will be no objection to it. When your number is completed, your company will 
proceed to elect a Captain and two Lieutenants, and transmit, the result to this office, when the 
officers will be immediately commissioned. 

As soon as your company is organized and officers are elected, unless you get other orders 
from the Governor, let the men go home, hi Iding themselves in readiness to march at a moment's 
warning. They must be at the rendezvous by the 20th of ^lay, at the farthest, and may be 
called sooner at the proper time. Vou will be notified when and where to meet to be mustered 
into the service, and will be furnished with funds for all expenses from that time until received 
by the United States officers. 

The United States will furnish arms and accouterments for the use of the regiment. 

I am very respectfully your obedient servant, 

J. BOWEN 
Adjutant General of the Militia of Iowa. 

The company met at their armory on the evening of the 20th, and adopted 
the following resolutions by a vote of fifty to three : 

Whereas, The Government of the United States, in the peaceful exercise of its rights, has 
been threatened by rebellion and insurrection in some of the States, by armed mobs seizing the 
Government property and holding it in defiance of law; in refusing in those States to execute 
the laws of Congress, made under and by virtue of the Constitution of the United States ; 
attacking their army when peacefully occupying their forts and other property, and destroying 
the same ; therefore, 



442 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

Resolved, 1st, That we condemn in the severest terms the actions of those engaged in the 
insurrection, and all who sympathize with them, as unpatriotic, disloyal and traitorous to the 
country. 

Resolved, 2d. That the General Government ought to be sustained by every true and loyal 
citizen, and that we hereby pledge ourselves as a company to rally to the support of the Star 
Spangled Banner at any and all times when the country shall need our services. 

Resolved, 3J, That we cheerfully tender to the Governor of Iowa the services of the Pioneer 
■Grays, at such times as he shall deem it expedient to demand our aid, and earnestly entreat him 
to accept the same. 

Rpsolved, 4tfi, That the Secretary be requested to forward a certified copy of these resolu- 
tions to the Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor of the State, and that they be published in the 
Cedar Falls Gazette. 

A large national flag, bearing the motto, " Our Flag; We will Defend It," 
•was then hanging across the street by a cord passing from the Carter House 
to the Overman Block. When the resolutions had been adopted, the boys 
marched out, formed a square under the flag and gave three cheers for the 
banner, followed by three more for their country. A piece of music was played 
by the Cornet Band, after which the crowd gave three cheers for the Grays — 
the oftering of Cedar Falls on their country's altar. 

The resolutions given above were transmitted to the Governor, and in 
response the following was received : 

Davenport, April 24, 1861. 
-J. Jay Layman, Esq., Cedar Falls: 

Dear Sir — The Governor has received a copy of the proceedings of your Company, the 
sentiments of which, he instructs me to say, he highly approves. The regiment called for by 
the Government has already been filled up and accepted. He requests me to say that you should 
report to the Adjutant General's olfice a roll of your Company and to hold your Company in 
readiness for a future call. I am truly yours, 

J. BoWEN, Adjutant General. 

W. J. Steel was the first man to leave Cedar Falls for the war. He was a 
member of a Chicago cavalry company which had been accepted and ordered 
into camp. Mentioning the fact that he was ordered to rejoin his company, 
and that he was going on the next train, the Grays turned out and escorted 
him to the depot, where the patriotic good-by was said between him and each 
member of the Grays as the train came in that was to carry him from his new- 
found home. 

Late in May came the order to march, from the Adjutant General, to which 
the following was supplementary : 

Atteni ION, Gr.ws ! — All those who have enrolled themselves with the Pioneer Grays, of 
Cedar Falls, are hereby notified that they must report themselves to the Commanding OfBcer at 
■once, as ihe Company should drill daily until the time of departure. The citizens of the town 
are furnishing a fatigue uniform for each member. The Company viiW positively leave on the can 
Tuesday morning [.June 4th]. J. B. Smith, Captain. 

FiTZRoT Sessions, Orderly. 

During the same week a contribution was raised among the citizens of the 
town to assist in the maintenance of the families of those who were so soon to 
go. This fund amounted to over $800, and was separate from the uniform fund, 
which was $800 more. 

But little else was now thought of by the community till the close of the 
day that marked their departure. Sunday afternoon. Rev L. B. Fifield ad- 
dressed the Grays at Overman's Hall. At noon on Monday, the recruits from 
Waverly and vicinity arrived, accompanied by 350 citizens from that town, 
and were received in front of the Overman Block. At 3 o'clock, Capt. M. M. 
Trumbull, of Butler County, reached town with his company, the Union 
Guards, and for a time each command seemed to be trying to outcheer the 
other. After remaining half an hour, the Butler boys resumed their march 



HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 443 

toward Waterloo, where they were to be joined by some twenty-five or more 
recruits. The Grays then chose their permanent officers. 

Monday night another meeting was held at Overman's Hall, and the crowded 
audience was addressed by J. B. Powers, Esq., Hon. Z. Streeter, D. Allen, 
Esq., A. J. Felt, of Bradford, Rev. Mr. Porterfield and Mr, Jackson, the 
latter one of the Floyd County volunteers. The parting address was made bv 
W, H. Nichols, Esq. 

Tuesday morning, five thousand people assembled for the final farewell. 
One touching incident at the depot will suffice for this, A wife, whose sobbing 
children were clinging to her skirts, entreated her husband not to go. Three 
men standing by, each begged the brave fellow to let them take his place, but 
with patriotic fortitude he gently released his almost fainting wife, and boarded 
the train. The train moved out amid shouts and sobs, the excitement had cul- 
minated, and by noon the town had such repose as follows a burial service on a 
Sabbath afternoon. 

If the members of Company K were sent away with sadness of heart, caused 
by the reflection that they had left hosts of true friends behind them, they were 
fully recompensed by their reception on their arrival at home on Saturday, 
April 2, 1864, nearly three years after their departure, A brief address was 
made at the depot by Rev. J, S. Eberhart, after which the veterans marched to 
Overman's Hall, where they were formally welcomed by Rev, L, B, Fifield, 
who, for the town, had dedicated them to their country's service, A bountiful 
supper was then served by the patriotic women at Cedar Falls, at Horticultural 
Hall, and at its close the boys felc that for them the " days of danger, nights 
of waking," were over and done. 

At the June session of the Board of Supervisors, on the 8th day of June, 
1861, Jesse Wasson introduced the following : 

Whereas, Certain States of this Union are in rebellion against the laws and government of 
the United States, and with force of arms are attempting to subvert our beloved institutions ; 
and, whereas, this rebellion has become so extensive and formidable as to seriously threaten the 
very existence of our national institutions ; and, whereas, the President of the United States, in 
view of the imminent perils which now hangover the nation, has called upon all good, loyal citi- 
zens to defend the Union, assist in executing the laws and protect the nation's property ; 
therefore, 

Resolved, That the strong arm of national power should crush all such attempts at treason, 
even at the cannon's mouth, and that the time has now come to solve the problem whether we 
have a Government capable of sustaining itself against its foes ; that all good and loyal citizens 
should heartily unite to defend the Union against the attacks of its enemies, whether foreign or 
domestic ; that every order-loving and law-abiding citizen should regard as enemies the citizens of 
all the seceded States while in arms against the Government ; and not until they have returned to 
their former allegiance and made restitution for these aggressions will we hail them as we have 
heretofore done ; that we look at the unanimity that now prevails throughout all the loyal States 
of this Union in the present crisis, with joy, and that in the suppression of this rebellion we will 
not act as partisans but as patriots, as good loyal citizens : forgetting all proclivities, we will 
stand by the Ship of State, the Constitution and the maintenance of the laws, and by no act of 
ours will we show sympathy with treason, nor will we allow it to go unpunished, but will do our 
utmost to transmit the fair fabric of our beloved institutions to the remotest posterity ; that we 
believe the best and only sure remedy for treasoji and rebellion, now so prevalent in some States 
in this Union, is powder and lead for the ranks and hemp for the leaders. 

That we will sustain the President of the United States in his efforts to maintain the supremacy 
of the laws and our national existence; that we will sustain the Governor of this State in the 
prompt and eificient manner in which he has responded to the call of the National Government ; 
that we will march under no other banner but the Stars and Stripes ; that we will know no other 
country but the Union ; that we will carry the Star Spangled Banner throughout the length and 
breadth of this Union until it spreads its fluttering folds over the battlements of Fort Sumter, 
retrieved in honor and its glory untarnished. 

The resolution was unanimously adopted. On the same day the Board 
passed a resolution appropriating $500 for the relief of the families of volun- 



444 HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

teers who had enlisted or should enlist during the progress of the strife. The 
Clerk reported Oct. 15, 1861, that $110 had been drawn for said purposes, 
whereupon Mr. Wasson moved the further appropriation of fllO to be added 
to the original appropriation, which was carried. 

A special session of the Board was held August 22, 1861, at which resolu- 
tions expressing the most patriotic sentiments were passed by the Board of Su- 
pervisors, and by them it was made the duty of each Supervisor to ascertain 
the wants and necessities of the wives and families of volunteers in their re- 
spective townships, and upon his report relief was to be furnished such families 
by the county, the maximum amount not to exceed $5 per month for the wife 
and $1.50 for each child. 

[The Board drew pay and mileage for their extra labors in this patriotic cause.] 
The following resolution was read by the Clerk at the September meeting, 
1862, having been passed at a mass meeting held in Waterloo : 

Resolved, That it is the sentiment of this meeting that the Board of Supervisors of Black 
Hawk County should make an appropriation of $5 per month to the family of each volunteer in 
the county, and that the Clerk be requested to lay this resolution before the Board at their next 
session. 

It was referred to a special committee, who reported favorably, but was not 
adopted by the Board. 

Sept. 5th, the Board passed a resolution which, after its various amendments, 
provided for the payment of "four & 16|-100 dollars" to the families of 
" soldiers," excluding commissioned officers. 

At the October session, 1862, the Clerk reported a total ot $899.56 ex- 
pended for the relief of soldiers' families, drawn by townships as follows : Wa- 
terloo, $212.16 ; East Waterloo, $145.60 ; Lester, $30.12 ; Mount Vernon, 
$12.48; Washington, $12.48; Union, $8.32; Barclay, $12.48; Poyner, 
$37.44; Fox, $4.16; Cedar, $8.32; Orange, $24.96 ; Black Hawk, $16.64 ; 
Spring Creek, $112.32 ; Big Creek, $45.76 ; Cedar Falls, $216.32. 

At an adjourned meeting, neld December 7, 1863, the Board ordered a 
bounty of $200 to be paid to each volunteer who had or should enlist under 
the then last call for men. 

January 6, 1864, the Board ordered that families receiving the $200 should 
be excluded from receiving aid from the Volunteer Fund. 

September 6, 1864, on motion of B. Sergeant, the Clerk was authorized to 
issue county warrants to veteran volunteers, for bounty of $200 each, upon the 
certificate of the Captain or any officer of higher grade than Captain, that they 
had enlisted as veteran volunteers and been credited to Black Hawk, previous 
to January 7, A. D. 1864. 

January 4, 1865, a committee was appointed to draft resolutions in the 
matter of raising a bounty for volunteers to fill the call for soldiers, consisting 
of Messrs. Corwin, Abbey and Gilkey, who presented the following : 

Resolved, That the Clerk of this Board be authorized and he is hereby directed to issue a 
county warrant for !p400 to each volunteer recruit or drafted man who shall enlist or be drafted 
under the present call of the President of the United States for 300,000 men, on the said volun- 
teer or drafted man filing with said Clerk a certificate from the Provost Marshal that the said 
volunteer or drafted man has been accepted and mustered into the service of the United States 
and credited to the county of Black Hawk. 

Resolved, That the Clerk of this Board shall not issue warrants (for the said purpose of pay- 
ing enlisted volunteers or drafted men) to any one township of said county of Black Hawk, to 
exceed $400 for each man of the number that may be assigned to each of the several townships, but 
issue warrants of $400 to each man of the number that may be assigned to each of the several 
townships and raised by volunteers or draft and complying with the foregoing resolution by pre- 
senting a certificate as aforesaid. 

Carried. 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



445 



As long as the war continued, money was ready — men were ready. Men 
of wealth furnished the former, and the less affluent filled the ranks — furnished 
the brawn, the muscle, the bravery, the sinews of war. Oftentimes, the former 
furnished not only their share of money, but shouldered their muskets and fol- 
lowed the starry flag, as well. 

Having noticed the financial sacrifices and the readiness of the wealthier 
part of the people to contribute liberally and continuously of their means, we 
come now to the volunteer soldiery. And of these, what can we say ? What 
vivid words can the pen employ that will do justice to their heroic valor, to their 
unequaled and unparalleled bravery and endurance ? Home and home comforts, 
wives and little ones, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, were all given up for 
life and danger on the fields of battle — for exposure, fatigue, disease and death, 
at the point of the bayonet or at the cannon's mouth. But little they recked 
for all these, but boldly and bravely went out with their lives in their hands, to 
meet and to conquer the foes of the Union, maintain its supremacy and vindi- 
cate its honor and its integrity. No more fitting tribute to their patriotic v lor 
can be offered than a full and complete record, so far as it is possible to make 
it, embracing the names, the terms of enlistment, the battles in which they 
were engaged, and all the minutiae of their military lives. It will be a wreath 
of glory encircling every brow — a precious memento which each and every 
one of them earned, gloriously earned, in defense of their and our common 
country. 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 

TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 



ABBREVIATION!^. 



Adjt Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Battle or Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

Comsy Commissary 

com 1 commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

desrtd deserted 

disab disabled 

disd discharged 

e enlisted 

excd exchanged 

inf infantry 

inv invalid 



I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

kid killed 

Lieut Lieutenant 

Maj Major 

m. o mustered out 

prmtd promoted 

prisr prisoner 

Regt Regiment 

re-e re-enlisted 

res resigned 

Sergt Sergeant 

trans transferred 

vet veteran 

V. R. C Veteran Reserve Corps 

wd wounded 

hon. disd honorably discharged 



THIRD INFANTRY. 

The Third Regiment was raised, drilled and sent to the 
front about August 1, 1861. Its first engagement was at 
Blue Mills, Mo., September 18, 1861. Fought gallantly 
at Shiloh two days, the second day under command of 
Lieut. Cusley, the regimental oflBcers being off duty or 
wounded. At Metamora, October 5, 1862, the regiment 
suffered heavily. On its way to join Gen. Grant, before 
Vickgburg, the Third was attacked by guerrillas, and had 
fourteen men wounded. Participated in the operations 
at Vicksburg. July 12, 1863, it went into battle at John- 
son, Miss., with 241 men, and lost 114 killed, wounded 



and missing. Participated in the Meridian expedition, 
arriving there February 3, 1864, and next day tore up 
fifteen miles of railroad. Near Atlanta, did good service, 
July 28th. Greatly reduced in numbers, the survivors re 
enlisted, forming three companies, and consolidated with 
the Second Infantry. 

Surg. Daniel M. Cool, com. asst. surg. June 21, 1861, 
prmtd. surg. April 8, 1862, resd. Sept. 4, 1862. 

Adjt. Fitzroy Sessions, com. 1st lieut. Co. K June 3, 1861, 
prmtd. adjt. June 26, 1861, resd. October 16, 1862. 

Sergt Maj. R. W. Montague, e. May 20, 1861, disd. Nov. 
15, 1862. 

Hosp. Steward John J. Fry, e. May 21, 1861. 



416~ 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY, 



Company A. 

Blaaberry, Chas., e. April 4, 1864. 

Smith, John T.,e. April 4, 1864, kid. July 21, 1864. 

Company B. 

Tusing, Noah, e. Dec. 10, 1863, died May 29, 1864. 

Company I. 

Second Lieut. G. A. Eberhart, com. June 5, 1861, resd. 

JIavl. 1862. 
Second Lieut. Daniel W. Foote, com. Aug. 10, 1862, wd. 

at Blue Mills and Metamora, resd. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Sergt. R. Miller, e. May 20, 1861, kid. at Jackson, Miss. 
Sergt. Henry Crittenden, e. May 20, 1861. 
Corp. Matthew Toole, e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Jackson, Miss., 

and died at Jefferson Barracks Aug. 12, 1863. 
Musician Chas. E. Balcomb, e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Blue 

Mills. 
Bullock, Howard, e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Brott, A. E., e. May 20, 1861. 
Collins, Geo. W.,e. Xov. 10, 1861. 
Collins, C. C, e. May 20, 1861, died at St. Louis May 

3, 1863. 
Borland, Peter S., e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Blue Mills, disd. 

Sept. 5, 1862. 
Dutcher, Wheaton, e. May 20, 1861, kid. July 12, 1863, in 

battle at Jackson, Miss. 
DeWolf, George W., e. May 20, 1861, disd. Dec. 20, 1861, 

disab. 
Dodd, J. B. P., e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Blue Mills. 
Eberhart, Geo. E., e. May 20, 1861. 
Frost, James M., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Garrett, George F., e May 20, 1861. 
Gates, S. B., e. May 2o, 1861. 
Livingston, Peter, e. May 20, 1861. 
Peppers, William L., e. May 20, 1861, wd. twice at Blue 

Mills. 
Stockan, John C, e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Shaw, H. B., e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Metamora. 
Starr, Hiram, e. Nov. 10, 1861. 
Short, S. L., e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died April 

7, 1862. 
Shipman, William W., e. Dec. 6, 1861, died at St. Louis 

Jan. 3, 1862. 
Thorn, S. B., e. May 20, 1861. 
Washburn, L. T., e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Blue Mills, died 

Sept. 18, 1861. 
White, Joseph B., e. May 20, 1861, disd. Feb. 9, 1862. 
White, Nelson, e. May 2(i, 1861. 

Company K. 

Capt. John B. Smith, com. June 8, 1861, resd. June 14, 

■ 1864. 
First Lieut. William B. Hamill, e. as sergt. May 21, 1861, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 15, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, resd. 

April 20, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Charles H. Mullarky, com. June 3, 1861, 

resd. Nov. 30, 1861. 
Second Lieut. John Wayne, e. as sergt. May 21, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Dec. 1, 1861, wd. and captd. at bat. 

Shiloh Feb. 1, 1863. 
Second Lieut. John T. Boggs, e. as private May 21, 1861, 

sergt., then 2d lieut. April 3, 1863. 
Sergt. Gilbert H. Pulver, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, 

trans, tolnv. Corps. 
Sergt. George H. Merrill, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, 

died Oct. 25, 1862. 
Sergt. Samuel L. Taggart, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, 

prmtd to capt. and A. A. G., U. S. Vols. 
Sergt. George W. Briggs, e. May 21, 1861, disd. Feb. 9 

1862. ' 

Sergt. H. J. Denton, e. May 21,1861. 
Corp. Jesse Cooper, e. May 21, 1861. 
Corp. W. F. Schenck, e. May 21, 1861, died at Jackson 

Dec. 23, 1862. 
Corp. Edward Reniger, e. May 21, 1861, trans, to Co. B, 

7th inf. 
Corp. R. Van Kanselaer, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Corp. G. E. Ellsworth, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Jackson. 
Corp. Levi M. Langstaff, e. May 21, 1861. 
Corp. Walter W. Wood, e. May 21, 1861. 
Corp. Wm. H. NickoUs, e. May 21, 1861. 
Corp. Chas. H. Boehmler, e. May 21, 1861. 
Musician G. B. Thayer, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Jackson, 

disd. Sept. 12, 1863. 
Musician F. A. Thyne, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Jackson, 

disd. June 11, 1864, wds. 
Wagoner L. Young, e. May 21, 1861. 
Wagoner S. C. Hammond, e.May 21, 1861. 



Allen, Moses, e. May 21, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. at 

Canton, died at Andersonville. 
Allen, Hiram, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Brown, A. E., e. May 21, 186!, wd. at Shiloh, died April 

10, 1862. 
Ball, B. J., e. May 21, 1861, disd. April 2, 1862. 
BuUis, C. H., e. May 21, 1861, died June 16, 1862, at St. 

Louis. 
Brownell, J. H., e. May 21, 1861, kid. at battle of Blue 

Mills. 
Bennett, A. J., e. May 21, 1861, disd. for disability Feb 

28, 1862. 
Burke, Patrick, e. May 21, 1861. 
Baker, James H., e. May 21, 1861. 
Briggs, Wallace, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. Sept. 

19, 1862. 
Cutler, D. B., e. May 21, 1861. 
Cain, Martin A., e. May 21, 1861. 
Davenport, R. W., e. May 21, 1861, disd. Dec. 6, 1861. 
Dickey, A. N., e. May 21, 1861. 
Daniels, James M., e. May 21, 1861. 
Dignan, John, e. May 21, 1861, disd. March 31, 1862, 

disab. 
Dawson. P. B , e. May 21, 1861. 
Fisk, William H.,«. May 21, 1861, disd. Dec. 6, 1861. 
Griggs, Freeman, e. May 21, 1861, disd. Dec. 29, 1862. 
Griggs, Luther, e. May 21, 1861, kid. accidentally Dec 2, 

1861. 
Groom, E., e. May 21, 1861. 
Grove, Samuel, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Jackson, disd. Oct. 

9, 1863. 
Gillett, M. F., e. May 21, 1861, disd. April 24, 1862. 
Gosting, William E., e. May 21, 1861. 
Hibbard, A. 0., e. May 21, 1861. 
Hasselton, B. C, e. May 21, 1861, died Jan. 12, 1862, at 

Quincy. 
Jackson, Z. E., e. May 21, 1861. 

Jones, C, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. Oct. 19, '62. 
Johnston, J. B., e. May 21, 1861. 
Jefferson, E. H., e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, trans, to 

Invalid Corps. 
Kin^, H. H., e. May 21, 1861. 
Leversee, Austin, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Jackson. 
Lawrence, A. G., e. May 21, 1861, disd. Sept. 18, 1862. 
Laird, John Q., e. May 21, 1861, died May 5, 1862, at Pitts- 
burg Landing. 
Merrill, John T., e. May 21, 1861. 
Morris, George W., e. May 21, 1861. 
Mabie, D. M., e. May 21, 1861. 
Matlack, E., e. Mav 21, 1861, deserted Nov. 8, 1861. 
McElroy, Williamj e. May 21, 1861, deserted Sept. 14, '61. 
McRoberts, John, e. May 21, 1861, disd. April 29, 1862. 
Mook, Joseph. 

Moury, George W., e. May 21, 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 
Moulton, C. C, e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. Sept. 

24, 1862. 
Orchard, George, e. May 21, 1861. 
Parmalee, Junius, e. May 21, 1861. 
Philpot, John, e. May 21, 1861. 
Philpot. George J., e. May 21, 1861. 
Peyton, William, e. May 21, 1861. 
Potts, John, e. May 21, 1861, disd. April 12, 1862. 
Pattee, John W., e. May 21, 1861. 
Ramback, M., e. May 21, 1861. 
Rider, W. S., e. May 21, 1861. 
Ross, Joseph A., e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died April 

10, 1862. 
Snyder, P. W., e. May 21, 1861. 
Skillen, B. F., e. May 21, 1861 

Shields, Edward, e. May 21, 1861, captd. at Canton, Miss. 
Sabin, George H., e. May 21, 1861, deserted Nov. 9, 1861. 
Tyrell, F. M., e. May 21, 1861, missing at Shiloh. 
Taylor, B. E., e. May 21, 1861. 
Troutner, John F., e. May 21, 1861. 
Tracy, Samuel J., e. May 21, 1861. 
Tuthill, George, e. May 21, 1801. 
West, Darius B., e. May 21, 1861. 
West, Thomas P., e. May 21, 1861. 
Wolcott, Norman M., e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. 

Sept. 26, 1862. 
Watson, George H., e. May 21, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. 

Sept. 19, 1862. 
Wemple, Charles E., e. May 21, 1861, disd. Feb. 28, 1862. 
Wemple, Albert H., e. May 21, 1861. 

UNKNOWN. 

Ayres, J. D., e. Dec. 10, 1863. 
Brubacher, D., e. Dec. 14, 1863. 
Filkins, William, e, Dec. 10, 1863. 
Naah, C. P., e. Dec. 11, 1863. 
Wilder, William, e. Dec. 10, 1863. 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



447 



SECOND CONSOLIDATED 
INFANTRY. 

(Sewmd and Third.) 

Company A. 

First Lifut. Jesse Cooper, com. July S, 18(14, from 3il vet. 

inf., disd. March 23, 1805. 
Second Lieut. Chas. Boehniler, e. June 8, 1861, prmt K 2d 

lieut. March 24, 186.5. 
Corp. Danl. M. Mabie, e. June 8, 1861, vet. Jan. 4. 1864. 
Boehmler, Jacob, e. April 4, 1864. 
Boehniler, Edw., e. April 4, 1864. 
Daniel, Jas. M., e. June 8, 1861, vet. Jan. 18, 1864. 
Hoyt, E. F., e. April 4, 1864. 
Maggart, Jas. M., e. April 4, 1864. 
Nichols, Wm. H., e. Jan. 8, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Ranibach, M., e. Jan. 8, 1861, vet Jan. 4, 1864. 
Rhorssen, Henry, e. April 4, 1804. 
Rothermal, Geo., e. April 4, 1864. 

Company F. 

Core. Geo. W. Collins, e. Jan. 8, 1861, vet. Dec. 27, 1863. 
Musician C. E. Balcom. e. Jan. 8. 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Brett, A. E., e. Jan. S, 1804, vet. Dec. 17, 1863. 
Brewbecker, D., e. Dec. 14, 1863. 
Eberhart, Geo. E., e. Jan. 8, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Loatwell, Jas., e. Jan. 8, 1861, vet. Dec. 27, 1863, disd. May 

26, 1865. 
White, Nelson, e. Jan. 8, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864, kid. at 

Atlanta. 

NINTH INFANTRY. 

In July, 1861, the day after the battle of Bull Run, 
Hon. William Vandever tendered to the Secretary of War 
a regiment of volunteers, to be recruited in his district 
His offer was accepted, and he at once resigned, returned 
to Iowa and went energetically to work. The firet com- 
pany went into rendezvous at Dubuque, early in Au- 
gust, and the regiment was raised and mustered into 
service September 24, 1861. Immediately after being 
mustered in, the regiment was ordered to St. Louis, 
where it went into camp of instruction at Benton Bar- 
racks. In October it was assigned to railroad guard duty. 
January 22, 1862, the Ninth joined the Army of the South- 
west at Rollaj under Brig. Gen. Samuel K. Curtis, and 
was made a portion of the Second Brigade, which was 
placed under the command of Col. Vandever. The army 
marched in pursuit of the rebel Gen. Price, and February 
15, entered Springfield; but Price was gone, and Curtis 
pursued. At a skirmish at Sugar Creek, near the line 
between Missouri and Arkansas, the Ninth was first under 
fire and behaved like veterans, charging and driving a 
force three times their number. March 4th, Col. Vandever, 
with a portion of his brigade, went to Huntsville, fifteen 
mile», and while here received dispatches from Gen. 
Curtis that Price had been heavily reinforced, that forty 
thousand rebels, tinder Van Dorn, were advancing north- 
ward, and ordering him to rejoin the army at Pea Ridge, 
at once. To avoid the rebel army, Col. Vandever marched 
forty-one miles on the 6th, fording White River and sev- 
eral other streams on the way, arriving at headquarters 
at 6 P. M., ana participated in the two days' battle of Pea 
Ridge. The brigades commanded by Col. Vandever and 
Col. Dodge stood the brunt of the battle. They were 
handled with remarkable skill and coolness, and fought 
with a valor never surpassed in the war history of the 
world. "The Fourth and Ninth Iowa," says Gen. Curtis, 
" won imperishable honors." In his report of the battle, 
Col. Vandever makes especial mention of Lieut. Col. Her- 
lon, Maj. Coyle, Adj. William Scott, Capts. Drips (who 
was killed), Turner, Bull, Carpenter, Bevins (killed), 
Washburn, Moore and Cankadden, and Lieuts. Kelsey, 
Riley, Jones, Nefi, Tindale, Rice (killed), Baker, Beebe, 
Leverich, Crane, McGee, McKenzie, Fellows, Claflin and 
Inman, and Sergt. Maj. Foster, of the Ninth. The regi- 
ment went into camp at Helena, Ark., about the middle 
of July, and remained five months. December 28th and 
29th, the regiment was under fire in the battle of Chickasaw 
Bayou. The year 1864 was brilliantly commenced by the 
Ninth by the campaign of Arkansas Post. After destroy- 
ing the works there, the regiment encamped near Young's 
Point, La., for many weary weeks. The regiment par- 
ticipated in the siege of Vicksbnrg; was a part of Sher- 
man's army in pursuit of Joe Johnston ; was in the battle 
above the clouds at Lookout Mountain. On the Ist of 
May,1865, the regiment entered upon the Atlanta cam- 



paign, and for four months participated in all the labors, 
battles and skirmishes of the famous march through the 
Carolinas, and was a portion of the Iowa Brigade which 
captured Columbia. The gallant Ninth always fought 
with bravery when there was any fighting to do. 

Company B. 

Long, Daniel R., e. Aug. 30, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. 

at Dallas, Ga. 
Long, Geo. W., e. Dec. 12, 1863, kid. at Dallas, Ga. 

Company C. 

Van Wie, John, e. Dec. 14, 1803. 

Company C. 

Capt. Fred S. Washburn, com. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. three 

times at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, and died at home 

of wds. June 16, 1803. 
Capt. Jno. P. Bowman, e. as sergt. Aug. 11, 1861, prmtd. 

Ist lieut. May 29, 1863, prmtd. capt. Sept. 17, 1863, 

ni. o. Oct. 20, 1864, term expired. 
Second Lieut. Henry L. Peacock, e. as sergt. Aug. 20, 

1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. May 12, 1802, res. Aug. 3, 1863. 
Corp. Otis 6. Day, e. AHg.3 , 1861, prmtd. sergt. of Hay- 
den's Bat. Oct. 7, 1861. 
Corp. H. Kilbourn, e. July 28, 1861, wd. at Ringgold, Ga. 
Allman, Jas. B., e. July 28, 1801, wd. at Pea Ridge, died 

at Waterloo. 
Branniger, H. S., e. Aug. 26, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

prmtd. Corp. 
Balkcom, D. E., e. Aug. 20, 1861, died Dec. 20, 1861. 
Brewster, Jas. P., vet. -Ian. 1, 1864. 
Branniger, Jas. M., e. Sept. 16, 1861, died at Waterloo 

March 13, 1864. 
Clark, F. J., e. Aug. 20, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, killed at 

Kenesaw Mt. 
Dunahoo, A., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at 

Vicksburg and Kingston, Ga. 
Estell, Hiram, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, died at 

Springfield, Mo. 
Hill, Jas. D., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 30, 1862, disab. 
Heath, F. H., e. Aug. 20, 1861, died March 28, 1862, of 

wds. received at Pea Ridge. 
Hurlbut, S. B., vet. Jan. 1, '04, captd. at Lynch Creek, Ga. 
Klock, Geo., e. Aug. 30, 1801, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Little, Sardie, e. Sept. 6, 1861, disd. 

Lockerby, Nelson, Aug. 15, 1861, disd. June 23, '62, disab. 
Mitchell, C. H., e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Parker, Jos., e. Aug. 10, 1861, kid. at Pea Ridge. 
Price, Anthony, e. Aug. 24, 1861, died as Vicksburg. 
Parker, Wm. H., e. Aug. 20, 1861, died Nov. 12, 1861, in 

Jordan, M.L., e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1804. 
St. John, Jas. N., e. Aug. 24, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1804. 
Syraons, 0. E., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company I. 

First Lieut. Jos. G. Inman, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 18, 1861, 
prmtd. 1st lieut. June 14, 1862, lesd. Feb. 15, 1863. 



TWELFTH INFANTRY. 

The Twelfth Regiment was recruited late in the Sum- 
mer of 1861, and organized at Camp Union, Dubuque, 
Iowa, and mustered into the service of the United States 
November 25, 1861, by Capt. Washington, Thirteenth 
United States Infantry. 

The first active service was at Fort Donelson, where it 
was assigned to Cook's Brigade of Smith's Division, and was 
engaged in the battles of the 13th, 14th and 15th of Feb- 
ruary, which resulted in the capture of the Fort and its 
garrison on the 10th. 

At Shiloh, the Twelfth was brigaded with the Second, 
Seventh and Fourteenth Iowa regiments, called the Iowa 
Brigade, commanded by Gen. Tuttle, Second Iowa In- 
fantry, Gen. W. H. Wallace commanding the Division, 
and were in position near a field beyond Gen. Hurlbut's 
headquarters. Here it remained in line of battle from 6 
o'clock A. M. until about 4 P. M., during which time the 
enemy made several bold charges, and was repulsed with 
great loss in killed and wounded. 

The Twelfth and Fourteenth being in support of a bat- 
tery, and having no orders to fall back, and not having 
notice that the left had given way, were allowed to be 
surrounded, and, after several hours' desperate fighting, 



448 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



in which thrfe or four regiments contended against the 
whole rebel force, the Twelfth having its commanding 
officer. Col. Woods, severely wounded, with sixteen men 
killed and ninety-seven wounded, with all hopes of retreat 
or succor cut off, was obliged to surrenderatCo'clockP.M. 
Number of men captured from the regiment, about 400. 

The men of the Eighth, Twelfth and Fourteenth Iowa 
Regiments who were not captured, were organized into 
a regiment called the " Union Brigade," of which regi- 
ment the Twelfth formed Companies E and K. 

The Union Brigade was engaged and took a very prom- 
inent part in the battle of Corinth, October 3d and 4th, 
1862, the Twelfth Iowa losing three killed and twenty- 
five wounded out of eighty men engaged. After pursuing 
the enemy as far as Kipley, Miss., the regiment returned 
to Corinth, where it was engaged in building fortifica- 
tions, until December IS, 18K2, when orders were received 
from the War Department discontinuing the organiza- 
tion known as the Union Brigade, and ordering the men of 
the Eighth, Twelfth and Fourteenth Iowa to proceed to 
Davenport, Iowa, to re-organize their regiments, prisoners 
having been paroled October 18, 1862, and exchanged 
November 10, 1862. 

The detachment of the Twelfth Iowa arrived at Jack- 
son, Tenn., where it was found that Forrest had destroyed 
the railroad from Uniontown and was threatening Jack- 
son. The detachment was at once ordered to the defense 
of the place, and remained four days, when it was ordered 
to open the railroad to Columbus, Ky., which delayed the 
detachment until the 4th of January. It arrived at Co- 
lumbus on that da}' and was ordereil once more to Daven- 
port, where it arrived on the 7th of January, 1863, and 
from there it was ordered, on the 27th of March, to pro- 
ceed to St. Louis, Mo., there to rejoin the regiment; and 
as soon as organized, was ordered to report to Gen. Grant 
in the field, near Vicksburg, Miss., and served during the 
entire siege, participating in all the principal engage- 
ments until the 22d of June, when it was sent to Black 
River, to guard the rear from an attack by Johnston. 
A'icksburg surrendered July 4th. 

TheTwelfth was engaged in the battle near Tupelo.Miss., 
on 13th, 14th and 15th of July, '64, losing nine men killed, 
fifty-four wounded and one missing out of 200 engaged. 

In June, 186-1, Companies A and F, numbering fifty-five 
men, under command of Capt. J. R. C. Hunter, and Com- 
pany A, while stationed at the moutli of White River, 
Ark., were attacked by 600 rebels of Marmaduke's com- 
mand, about daylight on the 22d of June ; but taking 
refuge behind a sliglit stockade, they repulsed the enemy, 
he leaving twenty killed and mortally wounded on the 
field. The loss of Companies A and F was one killed and 
four wounded. , 

The regiment fought bravely in the battle of Nashville, 
and received special mention by brigade and division 
commanders for good service. 

The regiment marched in pursuit of Hood, with the 
army, to Clinton, on the Tennessee River, thence by 
steamer to Eastport, Miss., arriving there on the 7th of 
Januarj', 1865. 

From Eastport, the regiment was ordered to New Or- 
leans, then embarked with the forces under Gen. Canby, 
on the expedition against Mobile; was in the front line 
during the siege of Spanish Fort, which was the last serv- 
ice rendered by the regiment. 

During its ser\'ice, the gallant Twelfth was in twenty 
three battles, was under fire 112 days, and had ninety -five 
men killed in battle. 

Company B. 

First Lieut. John H. Borger, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 17, 1861, 
prmtd. to Ist lieut. Oct. 3, 1862, m. o. Nov. 23, 1864. 

Andrews, H. R., e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 

Griffin, Lawrence, e. Oct. 12, 1861, deserted at Camp Union 
Oct. 23, 1861. 

Monk, Frederick, e. Oct. 7, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 

Company E. 

Capt. William Haddock, com. Oct. 29, 1861, missing a 
battle of Shiloh, com. maj. 9th cav. May 28, 1863. 

First Lieut. John Elwell, com. Oct. 29, 1861, captd. at 
.Shiloh and escaped, resd. July 12, 1862. 

First Lieut. James -Stewart, e. as sergt. Sept. 2.1, 1861, 
captd. at Shiloh, prmtd. to 2d lieut. March 6, 1863, 
prmtd. to Ist lieut. May 28, 1803, died at Memphis 
July 4, 1864, of wds. received from citizen of Mem- 
phis 

First Lieut. Charles R. Switzer, e. Oct. 3, 1861, prmtd. to 
Ist lieut. April 20, 1865. 



Second Lieut. John W. Shumaker, e. as corp. Oct. 12, '61, 

wd. at Fort Donelson, vet. Dec. 25, 1863, prmtd. to 2d 

lieut. May 28, 1863, m. o. Dec. 1, 1864. 
Sergt. Patrick Duke, e. Sept. 25, 1861, disd. Aug. 5, 1862. 
Sergt. Charles Cook, e.Oct. 11, 1861, captd. at Jackson. 
Corp. John T. Smith, e. Oct. 11, 1881, died at Baltimore, 

Md., Nov. 10, 186.'. 
Corp. P. P. Carpenter, e Sept. 25, 1861, died Jan. 31, 1862, 

at St. Louis. 
Corp. James Andrews, e. 0«t. 19, 1861, disd. May 22, 1862, 

disab. 
Corp. William Hamilton, e. Oct. 6. 1861, disd. Jan. 24, '62. 
Musician Oliver Lichty, e. Oct. 20, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Biller, Anthony, e. Oct. 13, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, yet. Dec. 

25, 1863, prmtd. to corp. 
Bird, Joshua, e. Oct. 15, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 

25, 1863. 
Bailey, Geo., e. Oct. 6, 1861, died May 3, 1862, at Keokuk. 
Bradfield, John, e. Oct. 4, 1861, died April 26, 1862, at 

Pittsburgh. 
Church, Nathan, e. Oct. 14, 1861, disd. May 14, 1862. 
Cooley, Franklin, e. Oct. 28, 1861, died Jan. 2, 1862, at St. 

Louis. 
Fuller, I. W., e. Oct. 29, li61„ kid. at Shiloh. 
Gorral, John W., e. May 5, 1864, died Oct. 13, 1864, at 

Memphis. 
Grady, Joseph, e. Oct. 17, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Holden, George R., e. Oct. 4, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, vet. 

Dec. 25, 1863, kid, at Tupelo, Miss., July 12, 1864. 
Howrey, Jacob, e. Oct. 13, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died April 

19, 1862. 
Hart, P. N., e.Oct. 13,1861. 

Harrison, H. J., e. Oct. 28, 1861, disd. April 1, 1862. 
King, E. A., e. Oct. 8, 1861, wd. at Fort Donelson, disd. 

July, 1862, disab. 
Koch, J. F., e. Oct. 3, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, died May 8, 

1862, at Montgomery, Ala. 
Lichey, Samuel J., e. Oct. lo, 1861, wd. and captd. at Shi- 
loh, died at Macon, Ga., Oct. 10, 1862. 
Leech, W. P., e. Oct. 4, 1861, died at St. Louis May, 1862. 
Moore, W. S., «. Nov. 14, 1861, disd. July 12, 1862. 
Morris, C. D., e. Oct. 6, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 

25, 1863. 
Minium, D., e. Oct. 9, 1861. 

Manson, James, e. Nov. 18, 1861, died Jan. 19, 1862. 
Mears, George W.,e. Nov. 14, 1861, died March, 1862, at 

Dubuque. 
Ochs, Charies, e. Oct. 1», 1861, disd. April 4, 1862, disab. 
Porter, Thomas, e. Oct. 4, 1801, wd. and captd. at Shiloh, 

died. 
Pauley, William L., e. Oct. 4, 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 
Perry, A. B., e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 
Reed, Z., e. Sept. 23, 1861, disd. June 9, 1862, disab. 
Sherman, William H., e. Oct. 28, 1861. captd. at Shiloh, 

died at Camp Wo ids Sept. 12, 1863. 
Schrack David, e. Oct. 6, 1861, wd. at Corinth, disd. Feb. 

17, 1863. 
Strong, E , e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Sawyer, Edmund, e. Oct. 6, 1861, disd. May 1862. 
Shroger, Nathaniel, e. Dec. 26, 1861, disd. July 16, 1862, 

disab. 
Thompson, John P., e. Oct. 22, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died 

April 20, 1862. 
Talbot, Allen E., e. Oct. 11, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, vet. 

Dec. 25, 1863. 
Watkins, Isaac, e. Sept. 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 

Company F. 

Kircnner, Michael, e. Oct. 31, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 
Wigton, Tliomaa J., e. Oct. 1. 1861, died April 4, 1862, at 
Savannah, Tenn. 

UNKNOWN. 

Griffin, Daniel, o. Dec. 31, 1864. 
Lawrence, William, e. Dec. 7, 1864. 
Miller, John, e. Dec. 10, 1864. 
Rockwell, William, e. Oct. 15, 1864. 



SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. 

The Sixteenth Regiment Iowa Volunteers left Daven- 
port March 20, 1862, and was at the battles of Shiloh 
April 6th and 7th, when it met with heavy loss; took 
part in the siege of Corinth, also was in the battle of 
luka, September 19, 1862. 

After this, the regiment was engaged in the two-days 
fight at Corinth, October 3d and 4th, and was variously 
employed in marching from point to point, as their 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY, 



449 



services were required in their department, and at all 
times were found ready to do their duty. 

They were engaged in many sharp conflicts, until 
March 17, 1864, when they started for Davenport, Iowa, 
on veteran furlougli. 

On May 3d, the boys again resumed tlieir knapsacks and 
arrived at Clifton, Tenn., about the middle of the month, 
and on the 27th of June, a part of the regiment were en- 
gaged in the attack on Kenesaw Mountain, meeting with 
heavy loss. The regiment was under tire from June 14th 
to July 2d; was in the battles at Atlanta, July 20th, 21st 
and 22d, meeting with heavy losses, which reduced the 
regiment to less than 100 men present for duty. 

Afterward, the regiment being increased to 450 men 
by an exchange of prisoners and drafted men, they 
started from Atlanta, November 15th, for Savannah, 
where thej' arrived December 10th, where they were en- 
gaged in the siege of the city until its evacuation. 

On January C, 1865, they started for Beaufort, S. C.,and 
were actively engaged in the campaign in the Carolinas, 
and finally camped at Raleigh on the 6th of April, where 
they remained till May 2d. The war being closed, they 
marched for Washington, where they took part in the 
grand review Maj' 24, 1865. 

Company B- 

John Claussen, e. as sergt. Sept. 20, 1861, wd. at Shiloh 
and Corinth, vet. Feb. 23, 1864, prmtd. 2d lieut. Nov. 
16, 1864, 

Company G. 

Atthus, Henry, e. Dec. 10, 1863. 

Bowers, H. J. C, e. Dec. 20, 1863, capt. at Atlanta. 

Krommelbein, John. e. Dec. 22, 1863, wd. Nickajack Creek, 

died at Marietta, Ga. 
Lichtenheim, J. J., e. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Miller, Lewis, e. Dec. 10, 1863. 
Mueller, Lewis, e. Dec. 10, 1863, capt. at Atlanta. 
Schlicht, E. A. G., e. Dec. 7, 1863, capt. at Atlanta. 

Company H. 

Baker, Reuben, e. Feb. 27, 1862, disd. July 14, 1862, disab. 

Company I. 

Capt. Henry D. Williams, comd. 1st lieut. Feb. 7, 1862, 

wd. at luka, prmtd. capt. Nov. 14, 1862. 
Capt. Hugh Skelling, e, as Sergt. Nov. 30, 1861, capt. at 

luka, prmtd. 1st lieut. Feb. 13, 1863, prmtd. capt. 

April 9, 1863, wd. at Nickajack Creek, m. o. Jan. 19, 

1865, term ex. 
Capt. Martin Lott, e. as sergt. Dec. 2, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. 

April 19, 1863, captd. in Atlanta, prmtd capt. Dec. 8, 

1864. 
First Lieut. Isaac C. Hunger, e. sergt. Dec. 16, 1861, capt. 

at Atlanta, prmtd. Ist lieut, May 25, 1865. 
Sergt, Geo. N. Hall, e. Dec. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, 

trans, to V. R. C. 
Corp. W. P. Hubbard, e. Jan. 29, 1862, vet. Jan. 29, 1864, 

captd. at Atlanta. 
Corp. Wm. Spencer, e. Nov. 28, 1862, died June 28, 1862, 

of wds. received at Shiloh. 
Corp. Geo. Crumrine, e. Dec. 9, 1861 vet. Jan. 5, 1864, 

captd. at Atlanta. 
Brown, J. W., e. Dec. 18, 1863. 
Bowers, Chas. H., e. Dec. 2, 1862, vet. Dec. 22, 1863, wd. 

at Keneiaw Mt. 
Brubaker, Jno., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 

Bannister, Wm., e. Dec. 9, 1862, disd. Dec. 10, 1862, diaab. 
Blike E., e. Feb. 23, 1864, wd. at Nickajack Creek. 
Bowers, F. E., e. Jan. 13, 1862, wd. at Shiloh, died at 

Savannah, Tenn. 
Brooks Wm. E., e. Dec. 9, 1861, captd. at Atlanta. 
Brott, Wm. H., e. Jan. 14, 1862. disd. Nov. 28, 1863. 
Dengle, J. A., e. Dec. 29, 1863 . 

Griffith, W., e. Jan. 9, 1862, died at Keokuk, Nov. 14, 1862. 
Higgins, Freeman, e. Dec. 9, 1861. 
Johnson, Jas. W., e. Dec. 4, 1861. 
Keith, B. K., e. Nov. 30, 1861. 
Lowell, A. J., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Lake, C. D., e. Feb. 19, 1862, disd. Nov. 12, 1862. 
Lichly, Charles, e. Dec. 4, 1861, disd. Oct. 4, 1862 
McDowell, Martin, e. Jan. 8, 1862, disd. Jan. 28, 1863, 

disab. 
Motts, G., e. Dec. 29, 1863, captd. at Atlanta. 
Morgan, Thomas, e. Dec. 13, 1861, disd. July 25, 1862. 
McCumber, D., e. Jan. 30, 1862, died at Corinth. 
Odell, Jas. E., e. Feb. 24, 1862, disd. Dec. 22, 1862. 



Wollover, John H., e. Dec. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Evans, Ira, Dec. 14, 1863. 

Kennedy, B., e. Dec. 25, 1863, captd. at Atlanta, died at 

Andersonville. 
Walther, Jacob, e. Dec. 19, 1863. 
Whitbeck, Robt., e. Feb. 3, 1863. 



TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 

Went into seivice under Col. Samuel Merrill, since 
Governor of Iowa. Was engaged at Hartsville, Mo., 
January 11, 1863. Was at Port Gibson, losing sixteen 
men. Was again engaged at Black River Bridge, losing 
eighty-three. Was in charge on Fort Beauregard. Was 
at capture of Vicksburg, after which was ordered to New 
Orleans and thence to Texas. March 5, 1865, was trans- 
ferred to Mobile and served in engagement in that vicinity. 
Was at Fort Blakely. Was sent up Red River and thenca 
to Baton Rouge, La., where it was mustered out Julv 15, 
1865. 

Quartermaster Sergt. J. P. Hamilton, e. March 12, 1862. 

Company A. 

Second Lieut. Jeremiah W. Brown, e. as sergt. March 15, 

1862, prmtd. 2d lieut Aug. 2, 1862, read. Feb. 2, 1863. 
Sergt. Hiram Buel, e. March 15, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, 

disd. Sept. 18, 1863. 
Sergt. Eli Wood, e. March 19, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Sergt. J. L. Wheeler, e. March 20, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg. 
Corp Kobt. Moore, e. Blarch 20, 1862, kid. at Jackson. 

Miss. 
McGloud, John, e. March 19, 1862, disd. June 27, 1864. 
Adams, John Q., e. June 4, 1862, disd. Aug 6, 1862. 
Beecher, Ira, «. June 4, 1862. 
Kinney, James, e. June 4, 1862, disd. Sept., 1864. 
Lichly, M. 0., e. June 4, 1862. 
Lawless, Peter, e. Aug. 21, 1862. 
McCrary, Lewis, e. June 4, 1862, captd. at Beaver Creek, 

Mo. 
McDonongh, Patrick, e. June 4, 1862, wd. at Jackson, Miss. 
Moore, Robt.. e. June 4, 1862. 
Nearey, Edward, e. June 4, 1862. 
Purkins, L., e. June 4, 1862, dihd. Aug. 25, 1862. 
Stearns, Geo., e. June 29, 1862, wd. at Black River 

Bridge, Miss. 
Wood, Eli, e. March 19, 1862. 

Company C. 

First Lieut. Frank Dale, com. Aug. 20, 1862, resd. Feb. 
17, 1864. 

Corp. John E. Watson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Vicks- 
burg. 

Mathews, John W., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Miner, H. M., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Company E. 

Blanchard, I. D., e. Dec. 20, 1863. 

Company F. 

McNally, Wm. J , Aug. 22, 1862. 



THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., 
June S7, 1SG5.] 

Was mustered into service at Davenport, by Capt. Hen- 
dershott,on the 13th of October, 1802, and under command 
of Col. William Smyth took transport and moved down 
the river November Ist, arriving at Helena, Ark., the 20th 
inst. On the 27th of the same month, they started on an 
expedition to the Cold Water River, in Mississippi, re- 
turning to Helena December 7th. Two weeks later, they 
started on the Yazoo River expedition, and the regiment 
was partially engaged in the battle at Chickasaw Bayou, 
on the 27th, 28th and 29th ot December. 

On the 2d of January, 1863, they started for a point near 
Arkansas Post, where they arrived on the 9th inst., and 
on the night of the 10th marched through swamps and 
mire to the rear of the enemy's works, where, on the 11th, 
they hotly engaged in the capture of the place. 

From this point, the regiment was ordered to Young's 
Point, La., where they remained in camp until April 2d, 



45a 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



when they moved again up the river to Greenville, Miss., 
and, after some skirmishing and considerable foraging 
for mules, cattle, horses, hogs, and even negroes, returned 
to Young's Point on the 2tith of the same month. From 
here they moved with Grant's whole army toward Grand 
Gulf, arriving May 7th, when they again moved toward 
Jackson, Miss. The regiment was under lire at Raymond, 
on the 12th; was at the taking of Jackson, on the 14th ; 
and again under fire at Black Kiver, on the 16th, 
reaching the rear of Vicksburg on the 18th, where it was 
engaged on the 22d in a terrible but successful charge 
on the enemy's works, and was from this time steadily 
under fire till the fall of Vicksburg, on the 4th day of 
July. 

The regiment, under Gen Sherman, started for Jackson, 
Miss., on the 5th of July, being under tire until the second 
evacuation of that place, when it was moved to Canton, 
M iss., where it was again engaged, when it went into camp 
at Black River until the 22d of September. From here it 
moved to Vicksburg, thence to Slemphis, thence to Cor- 
inth, Miss., where it remained till October 11; thence 
marched to luka, and to Cherokee on the 20th, and on 
the morning of the 21st had a severe engagement with 
rebel cavalry. On the 26th and 27th, had a running 
fight with the enemy, again returning to Cherokee 
Station. On the 24th of November, was in the battle 
of Lookout Mountain, and on the following day, had 
equally hard fighting at Mission Ridge, and on the 27th, 
was again engaged at Ringgold and Taylor's Hills, where 
the regiment suffered severely. Here they remained 
until December 1, when, moving by way of Chattanooga, 
and Bridgeport, they reached Woodville, Ala., on the 27th 
inst.,and went into Winter quarters, where they remained 
nntil the Ist day of May, 1864. 

On the morning of May 1, moved east, reaching Snake 
Gap, Ga., on the 9th inst., where they encountered the 
enemy in force. On the 13th, had a severe fight at Resaca, 
in which Lieut. Col. Jenkins was severely wounded. 
The regiment laid in camp at Kingston, Ga., from the 
night of the 19th, until the morning of the 23d, awaiting 
supplies; then moved on, encountering the enemy at 
Dallas, on the night of the 26th, and the following morn- 
ing, after a short butsharp conflict, the enemy was driven 
back; and again, on the 28th, the enemy charging on 
their works, were driven back. The fighting lasted dur- 
ing the 29th, 30th and 31st. On the Ist of June, the regi- 
ment moved to New Hope Church and occupied nfle pits, 
under fire of the enemy, until the 6th, when the regiment 
moved to Ackworth, remaining there until the 10th, 
when they marched to Big Shanty, ten miles distant, 
again engaging the enemy in force. Guarded wagon 
train until the loth, when they moved into rifle pits near 
Kenesaw Mountain, and were constantly under fire until 
the evening of July 3d, when the enemy evacuated Kene- 
saw Mountain. 

July 4th, they again encountered the enemy at Chatta- 
hoochie River, and, building works, remained under fire 
until the Uth, when they moved to Roswell, Ga. From 
here they went to Vining Station, thence to a point near 
Atlanta. August 26th, they moved toward Jonesboro, 
on the Macon Railroad. On the 31st, the enemy made a 
desperate fight, and the regiment was again under fire 
antil the 2dof September, when Jonesboro was evacuated. 
On October 4, the regiment, with a large portion of Sher- 
man's army, moved north in pursuit of Hood, skirmishing 
with him at Resaca, Snake Gap, Little River, etc.; after 
this, went to Atlanta, November 1.5th; thence into the 
heart of Georgia. Marching about fifteen miles per day, 
they reached the rear of Savannah, on the 10th of Decem- 
ber, 1864, and ten days later the whole army entered that 
city. By this victory the army was severed into three 
parts, and the enemy comjielled to loosen its grasp over a 
vast territory. The Thirty-fir.-st was actively engaged in 
the North Carolina campaigns from this time till March 
8th,when Gen. Grant's famous dispatch, " Lit us finish the 
job now," was announced, when the final blow was soon 
struck, and the year which promised to be so full of bloody 
strife was the end of the war of the rebellion. 

The Thirty-first was mustered out of service at Louis- 
ville June 27, 1805, and came to Davenport, where they 
were paid off and disbanded. 

Lieut. Col. Theodore Stimming, com. Ist lieut. Co. B Oct. 

13, 1862, prnitd. maj. March 31, 1863, prmtd. lieut. 

col. May 27, 1865, m. o. as niaj. 
Adjt. Jos. Rosenliaum, e as sergt. Co. B August 6, 1862, 

prmtd. adjt. June 17, 1865, m. o. as q. m. sergt. 
Q. M. John W. Oilman, e. as private Aug. 6, 1862, prmtd. 

2d lieut. Co. B March 31, 1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. June 

9, 1863, prmtd. q. m. July 11, 1863. 



Company B. 

Capt. Robert B. P. Speer, com. Oct. 13, 1862, resd. Sept. 

17, 1864. 
Capt. Henry E. Williams, e. as private Aug. 6, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. prmtd. 1st lieut. July 11,1863, prmtd. 

capt. Sept. 18, 1864. 
First Lieut. Edward Townseud, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 13, 

1862, prmtd. 1st sergt. March 31, 1863, resd. June 

8, 1863. 
First Lieut. Thomas G. Salisbury, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 6, 

1862, wd. at Missionary Ridge, prmtd. 2d lieut. March 

26, 186 i, prmt. 1st lieut. Sept. 18, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Corydon Smith, e. as private Aug. 6, 1862, 

com. 2d lieut. Aug. 24, 1863, com. canceled. 
Sergt. Oriando Bradley, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Sergt. G. D. Streeter, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Nov. 14, 1865. 
Sergt. N. N. Blakeslee, e. Aug. 1, 1862, wd. at Resaca, 

died May 31, 1864. ' 
Corp. Geo. L. Stearns, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. W. Carpenter, e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Corp. John E. Menser, e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
Corp. Spence Fellows, e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. at Missionary 

Ridge. 
Corp. S. E. Pratt, e. Aug. 3, 1862, died at St. Louis. 
Corp. John W. Ray, e. Aug. 10,1862. 
Corp. F. Davenport, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Sept. 9, 1863, 

disab. 
Corp. D. H. Sessions, e. July 29, 1862. 
Corp. Geo. Bawn, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Dallas, Gu. 
Corp. Erasmus Wilson, e. Aug. 10, 1862. 
Corp. Chiis. Seavey, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Musician Noel P. Orcutt, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Musician Wm. Barter, e. July 29, 1862, disd. Sept. 9, '68, 

disab. 
Wagoner F. D. Streeter, e. Aug. 7, '62, capt. Aug. 28, '63. 
Anderson, Geo. W., e. Feb. 18, -1864. 

Brown, Edwin, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 23, 1863, disab. 
Berry, Samuel, e. Aug. 6, 1862. 

Burke, James W., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Chattanooga. 
Barry, Wm., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Black River, Miss. 
Brandon, Buel, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Caldwell, Henry, e. Aug. 14. 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
Cooper, H. T., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Clayton, W. D., e. Dec. 30, 1864. 
Cowing, J., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Dec. 23, 1863. 
Clough, John H., e. Dec. 18, 1862, wd., died at Dallas, Ga. 
Crosby, E. P., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. July 15, 1863, disab. 
Crandall, W. A., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Jan. 11, 1863. disab. 
Culver, E. B., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Young's Point, La. 
Cowles, G. 0., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Cummings, C. E., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Clay, C. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Davenport, R. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 

15, 1864. 
Dawding, John T., e. Dec. 22, 1864. 
Eyestone, A. D., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Ford, W:ird, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. April 23, 1863, disab. 
Fitkin, F. F., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Fox, 0. C, e. Jan. 2, 1864. 

Oilman, John W., e. Aug. 6, 1862, prmtd. com. sergt. 
Griggs, L., e. Jan. 3, 1864. 
Galleon, E., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Gries, J. A., e. Dec. 24, 1864. 
Graham, E., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
Graham, T. B., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 

1, 1863. 
Hotchkiss, S. T., e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
Hildt, A., e. Jan. 3, 1864, kid. at Big Shanty, Ga. 
Hoagland, Wm. V., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Height, H., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Hayward, L. D , e. Aug. 2, 1862, disd. Feb. 26, 1863, disab, 
Hotchkin, James K., e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Hartsough, D., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died on hospital boat 

June 27, 1863. 
Humbert, S. B., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Harrington, G., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Jacob, Frederick, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Jan. 1, '65, disab. 
Knowles, Leonard, e. Aug. 8, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg. 
Kinsey, David, e. Aug. 2, 1862. 
Ladd, L. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Lusch, Charles, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
McCartney, M., e. Jan. 3, 1863. 
Mills, Jos., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Montgomery, D. C, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Moore, A., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Feb. 15, 1864, disab. 
Morrison, J. A., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Moulton, Wm., e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Sept. 17, 1863, disab. 
Mensch, H. S., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. June 2u, '64, disab. 
Martin, E., e. Feb. 5, 1864. 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



451 



Ovei-man, Elias, e. Aug. 6, 1802. 

Orcutt, D. M., e. Aug. 7, 1862, wd. at Missionary Ridge. 

Peterson, F. L., e. .Ian. 3, 180-1. 

Perry, H. 0., e. Aug. 0, 1862, kid. at Dallas, Ga. 

Parmenter, John, e. Dec. 23, 1863. 

Perkins, G. D., e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Jan. 12, 1863. 

Phinney, E. A., e. Dec. 21, 1863. 

Prouty, W. M., e. Aug. 2, 1862. 

Porquett, H., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Porter, Elias D., e. Dec. 31, 1863, died at Savannah, Ga. 

Philpot, Chaa. P., e. Aug. 2, 1862, captd., died at Ander- 

sonville. 
-Pattee, M. A., e. Aug. 6. 1862, disd. Jau. 12, 1863. 
Palmer, Wm. H., e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Kenesaw Mt. 
Quimhy, M., e. Aug. 6, 1802, died at Memphis. 
Rarrick, John, e. Feb. 10, 1864, captd. 
Rattray, C, e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
Rockwood, A., e. Jan. 2, 1804. 

Round, Samuel, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Sept. 17, '63, disab. 
Reed, L. T., e. Auc;. 12, 1862. 
Rath, John, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Rholeder, H. C, e. Aug. 7, 1861. 
Rucker, Levi, e. Aug. 10, 1862, died at Nashville. 
Rath, Geo. J., e. Aug. 10, 1802, kid. in battle of Mission- 
ary Ridge. 
Rownd, John H., e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. 
Richardson, James R., e. Aug. 14, 1802, wd. at Arkansas 

Post, trans, to Inv. Corps. 
Smith, Corydon, e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
Stitoeler, David, e. Aug. 10, 1862. 
Steinbach, Lewis, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Black River 

Bridge, Miss. 
Schermerhorn, W. S., e. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sellon, Jerome, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. March 17, 1863, 

disab. 
Smelser, Ephraim, e. Aug. 12, 1862, kid. on a plantation 

in South Carolina while foraging. 
Shucker, A. K., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Smith, E., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Tabor, H. H , e. Dec. 7, 1863, trans, to V. R. C. May 

10, 1865. 
Tracy, M. L., e. Aug. 6, 1802, captd. in South Carolina. 
Tyrells, John, e. Dec. 12, 1863, died at Snake Gap, Ga. 
Tondro, L. W., e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, disd. 

Oct. 2, 1 863, disab. 
Vandemark, P. C, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Van Norden, John J., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Watson, Jas., e. Feb 12, 1804, kid. at Dallas, Ga. 
Worcester, A., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Williams, W. T., e. Dec. 24, 1864. 
Williams, H. E., e. Aug. 6, 1802. 
Webster, Wm. W., e. Feb. 0, 1864. 
Wells, Eraetus, e. Aug, 7, 1862, died Jan. 21, 1863, at St. 

Louis. 
Webster, C. I., e. Feb. 6, 1804. 
Yocom, Martin L., e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. March 12, 1803, 

disab. 
Young, Alfred, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Company C. 

Capt. John Cook, com. Oct. 13, 1862, died at Helena. Ark.' 

Nov. 22, 1802. 
Capt Chauncey J. Maynard, com. 1st. lieut. Oct. 13, 

1862, prmtd. capt. Nov. 23, 1862, resd. Jan. 30, 1863. 
Capt. Levi W. Herring, e. as corp. Aug. 9, 1862, prmtd. 

capt. Dec. 30, 1804. 
First Lieut. Joseph T. Hedinger, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 13, 

1802, prmtd. Ist lieut. Nov. 23, 1862, resd. July 15, 

1803. 
First Lieut. Thos. C. Bird, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 2, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. March 31, 1863, prmtd. Ist lieut. 

July 16, 1863, wd. twice at Missionary Ridge Aug. 14, 

1864. 
Second Lieut. Jonas P. Ward, e. as private Aug. 20, 1862, 

wd. at Kenesaw Mt., prmtd. 2d lieut. July 16, 1863, 

kid in action at Atlanta Aug. 7, 1864. 
Sergt. Royal A. Brooks, e. Aug. 5, 1802, died at St. Louis 

May 24, 1863. 
Sergt. Jesse Munson, e. Aug. 4, 1862, disd. Aug. 7, 1863, 

disab. 
Sergt. William McCrory, e. Aug. 15, 1802, wd. at Look- 
out Mt. 
Sergt. Samuel M. Howrey, e. Aug. 12, 1802, wd. and died 

at Milliken's Bend. 
Sergt. Purdy I. Wood, e. July 14, 1862, died at Milliken's 

Bend, La. 
Corp. F. M. Geren, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd., disab. 
Corp. Joseph B. White, e. Aug. 22, 1862, trans, to Inv. 

Corps Sept. 3, 1863. 



Corp. Joseph L. Weaver, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. 

Corp. John N. Hale, e. Aug. 8, 1862, wd. at Lookout Mt., 

died at Chattanooga. 
Corp. James Burris, Jr., e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Young's 

Point, La. 
Corp. R. C. Tunison, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Corp. H. J. Plantz, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Corp. Wm., A. Whitaker, e. Aug. 2, 186:', died on steamer 

City of Memphis. 
Corp. W. J. Brunson, e. July 8,1802, died at Vicksburg. 
Wagoner C. K. Hale, e, Aug. 20, 1862, disd. April 28, 1863, 

disab. 
Ackerman, James H., e. Aug. 11, 1802, wd. at Arkansas 

Post, disd. April 13, 1863, disab. 
Brown, I. K., e. Aug. 7, 1802, disd. April 15, 1863, disab. 
Bressler, John, e. Aug. 4, 1862, wd. Jan. 26, 1863. 
Brovra, Joseph, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Dec. 16, 1802, at St. 

Louis. 
Brechner, John, e. Aug. 13, 1802. 
Brunn, Charles, e. Aug. 29, 1862. 
Brechner, Aaron, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Baker, George, e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Carnes, J. C, e. Aug. 5, 1862, wd. at Kenesaw Mt , died 

at Chattanooga. 
Coger, Samuel E., e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Cram, Brainard, e. Aug. 14, 1802, died at St. Louis. 
Oumrine, John H., e. Aug. 0, 1802. 
Carney, S. E., e. Aug. 33, 1862. 

Dees. John A., e. Aug. 11, 1802, trans, to Inv. Corps. 
Debare, Joseph, e. Aug. 11, 180'2, died at Milliken's Bend. 
Debare, Geo. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Edwards, Jas. B., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Frundt, John H., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Foye, Chas. A., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Gardner, Joel, e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Aug. 17, 1863, disab. 
Hastings, A. G., e. July 14, 1862, trans, to regular army 

Sept. 3, 1863. 
Hall, R. S., e. July 26, 1862. 
Hollenbeck, J. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd., died at Rich- 

m^)nd, Va., while prisr. 
Hale, S. W., e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Young's Point, La. 
Hayes, Henry, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. Oct. 24, 1863, disab. 
Hollenshead, Levi, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Mo. 
Job, Robt. G., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Woodville, Ala. 
Jackson, Joseph, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Jan. 14, 1863, at 

Arkansas Post. 
Knapp, Geo. R., e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Linderman, C, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Lockerby, Jason, e. Aug. 18, 1802, trans, to 33d Co., 1st 

Bat. Inv. Corps, Aug. 1, 1803. 
Jackerby, Geo. W., e Aug. 18, 1802, trans, to 33d Co., Ist 

Bat! Inv. Corps, Aug. 1, 1863. 
Letter, Wm., e. Aug. 18, 1862. 

Lantz, Jacob, e. Aug. 5, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg and Look- 
out Mt. 
McColl, Alexander, e. Aug. 15, 1802. disd. March 20, 1863, 

disab. 
Millard, L. B., e. July 18, 1862. 
Mears, Wm , Aug. 2, 1862. 
Mitchell, Joseph, e. Aug. 4, 1862. 
Munger, E. S., e. Aug. 20, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps April 

30, 1864. 
Muchmore, S., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 

1, 1863. 
Madden, Thomas, e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Munger, Jas. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps 

Sept. 1, 1863. 
Noclon, D. W., e. July 14, 1862. 
Owens, E. M., e. July 9, 1862. 
Pearsant, H., e. Aug. 15. 1862, wd. at Arkansas Post, died 

at Nashville. 
Porter, Henry, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Pierce, H. F., e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Ritsman, Chas., e. July 16, 1802, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 

1, 1863. 
Rice, Horace, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Young's Point, La. 
Rice, S., e. Aug. 7, 1862, died in Black Hawk Co. July 18, 

1863. 
Shuler, Geo., e. July 10, 1862. 
Smith, S. R., e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Kenesaw Mountain, 

disd. June 13, 1865, disab. 
Scott, G. S., e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Dallas, Ga„ trans, to 

V. R. C. Dec. 21, 1864. 
Stickley, Robert, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Thomas, B. A., e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Young's Point, 

La. 
Tunison, R. C, e. Aug. 7, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 

1, 1863. 
Turner, G. H., e. Aug. 6, 1862. 



452- 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



Vaughn, John, e. July 11, 1862, died at KashTille, on hos 

pital boat. 
Wright, Thomas, e. July 14, 1862. 
White, M. E., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died. 
Wells, Simon, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Warner, J. A., e. Aug. 20. 1862, disd. Aug. 17, 1863, disab. 
Ward, J. P., e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Ward, Erick, e. Aug. 20, 1862, wd. at Vickaburg, disd. 

May 10, 1864. 

Company D. 

Capt. Geo. W. Dearth, com. Oct. 1.3, 1862, from private 3d 

battery, res. Sept. 10, 1864. 
Capt. Robert J. McQuilkin, e. as corp. Aug. 15, 1?62, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 14, 1863, prmtd. Ist lieut. Feb. 

19, 1863, prmtd. capt. Sept. 21, 1864. 

First Lieut. Francis M. Thompson, com. Oct. 13, 1862, 

from private 3d battery, resd. Feb. IS, 1863. 
First Lieut. Francis H. Lacoy, e. as corp. Aug. 15, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 19, 1863, prmtd. Ist lieut. Sept. 

21, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Henry B. Webster, com. Oct. 13, 1862, read. 

Dec. 29, 1862. 
Sergt. T. J. Rogers, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Jan. 28, 1863, at 

Young's Point, La. 
Sergt. E. F. Smith, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Sergt. E. M. Ashley, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Sergt. Michael Lanning, e. July 25, 1862. 
Sergt. William Duncan, e. Aug. 4, 1862. 
Corp. R. J. McQuilkin, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Corp. V. Edsil, e. July 23, 1862. 
Corp. Jos. E. Moore, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to 123d Co., 

let battery Inv. Corps. 
Corp. Wm. H. H. Hill, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died March .30, '63. 
Corp. Martin S. Hill, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Corp. H. L. Smelser, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at St. Louis. 
Corp. C. M. Turner, e. Aug. 15, 1862. disd. May 7, 1863, 

disab. 
Corp. A. M. Talcon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to 123d Co., 

1st Bat. Inv. Corps. 
Corp. A. Amborn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. at Ringgold, Ga., 

disd. June 15, 1864, wds. 
Corp. M. E. Turner, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. H. Barnes, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Corp. George Grettenberger, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 

20, 1863, disab. 

Musician John W. Sherman, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps Sept. 1, 1863. 
Musician John L. Cotton, e. Oct. 20, 1862, disd. June 22, 

1863, disab. 
Wagoner S. Harvey, e. Aug. 15, 1862. disd. Aug. 24, 1863. 
Wagoner H. P. Searl, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Jan. 25, 1863, 

at Young's Point, La. 
Bence, Michael, e. July 24, 1862, disd. Sept. 7, 1863, disab. 
Chase. James, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. May 23, 1863, disab. 
Coit«n, Allen, e. July 23, 1862, disd. Nov. 25, 1862, disab, 
Gotten, F. M., e. Oct. 20, 1862, died Feb. 24, 1863, Y'oung's 

Point, La. 

Company D. 

Cotten, Noah, e. Aug. 8, 1862, trans, to Invalid Corps Nov. 

20, 1863. 
Crowell, Theo. Aug. 2, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Cooper, C. E., e. July 25. 1862, died at Memphis. 
Current, A. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Duncan, C, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Young's Point, La. 
Dingman, Wm. L., e. July 24, 1862, captd. at Claysville, 

Ala., died at Andersonville while prisr. 
Dingman. A. J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Dodson, B. R., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Engledow, J. M., e. July 23, 1862, reptd. died at St. Louis, 

Mo., Feb., 1863. 
Engledow, Wm., e. July 23, 1862. 
Engledow, Samuel, e. .\ug. 16, 1862, died at St. Louis. 
Estal, James, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died on hospital boat. 
Frisbey, P. W., e. Aug. 12, 1802, wd. at Arkansas Post, 

disd. March 11, 1863. 
Forbes, Jos. A., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
George, John S., e. July 30, 1862. 

Griffin, S. F., e. Aug. 2, 1862, disd. Feb. 23, 1863, disab. 
Husman, Joseph, e. July 23, 1862. 

Hayes, Geo. S., e. July 29, '62, died at Young's Point, La. 
Hill, Geo. B., e. Aug. 2, 1862. 

Huisman, Harm, e. Aug. 9, '62, died at Young's Point, La. 
Haves, Thos. R., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Hackett, Geo. L., e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Howitt, F., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Harmon, R. E., e. Aug. 4, '62, died at Young's Point, La. 
Harmon, Wm. N., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Basket, Wm. T., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 



Isenhower, N. H., e. July 23, 1862. 

Isenhower, D. L., e. July 30, 1862. 

Isenhower, Nelson, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Memphis. 

Jones, David A., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 

Kennicott, G. F. W., e. July 24, 1862, disd. Aug. 5, 1863, 
disab. 

Kennicott, E. S., e. July 24, 1862. 

King, Isaac C, e. Aug. 31, 1862, died Oct, 14, 1863, at Ray- 
mond. 

Ketring, Wm. D., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Keokuk. 

Kingsberry, John, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

King, James, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Sept. 7, 1863, disab. 

Knowles, W., e. July 25, 1862. 

Ludlow, S. V. K.. e. July 23, 1862. 

Lane, Isaac, e. July 23, 1862, wd. at Arkansas Post. 

Lane, Samuel, e. July 23, 1862. 

Lamb, Wm., e. July 31, 1862, died at St. Louis. 

Long, S. R., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Lamb, E. V., e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Memphis. 

McKee, Christopher, e. July 25, '62, died at Nashville. 

Mitchell, D. M., e. Aug. 7, 1862. 

Minard, Jas., o. Aug. 14, 1862. 

McNamara, Jno. e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. 

Orr, G., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Keokuk. 

O'Reardon, M., e. Aug. 4, 1862. 

Peterson, Richard, e. Dec. 2, 1864. 

Perry, Jas., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Perry, Jno. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died Jan. 28, 1863, at 
Young's Point, La. 

Rundell, I. D., e. July 24, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps. 

Ritchey, M., e. Dec. 2, 1864. 

Shroyer, John W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corp* 
Sept. 1, 1863. 

Somers, A. C, e. July 24, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 1, 
1863. 

Searl, Quimby, e. July 26, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 
3, 1863. 

Smelser, Wm., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Smith, W. W., e. Aug. 2, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps, April 
30, 1864. 

Southerland A., e. Aug. 4, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps, Dec. 
1, 1863. 

Smelser, John, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Stevens, Henry, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 

Taylor, C. B., e. Aug. 4, 1862, died Nov. 8, 1862, at Daven- 
port. 

Urmy, E. W., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Vanschoick, Edward, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. April 14, '65. 

Wright, Joseph C, e. July 24, 1802, trans, to Inv. Corps, 
Aug. 1, 1863. 

Williams, James, e. Aug. 5, '62, died at Young's Point, La. 

Williams, A., e. July 25, 1862, disd. Feb. 27, 1863. 

Wolf, W., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 

Wheeler, C. W. H., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

UNKNOWN. 

Ranson, T. D., e. Aug 20, 1862. 



THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 

The Thirty-second Infantry was organized at Dubuque 
October 6, 1862, and on 15th and 17th was moved to 
Davenport. Left Davenport November 21st, for St. 
Louis, Mo. November 25th, Companies B, C, E, H, I and 
K, with Regimental Headquarters, went to New Madrid, 
Mo., and Companies A, D, F and G, for Cape Girardeau, 
Mo., and were so separated until March 4, 1864. The 
New Madrid portion left December 29th, for Fort Pillow, 
Tenn.; April 1. 1863, Company B was ordered to Fulton, 
Tenn., and on June 20th, the detachment was ordered to 
Columbus, Ky. July 1st, Company C was mounted and 
attached to the Forth Missouri Cavalry. September Ist, 
Companies H and K were ordered to Island No. 10; 
January 15, 1864, Company C was dismounted ; January 
20th, the detachment left Columbus for Vicksburg, Miss., 
and assigned to Second Brigade, Third Division, 16th A. 
C. ; February 3d, marched with Gen. Sherman's forces, 
to Meredian, Miss., and returned March 4th. The detach- 
ment under Col. Eberhart, garrisoned at Cape Girardeau 
until March 14, 1863, when it took a scout to Blooming- 
ton, Mo., and returned on the 24th; on 28th, joined in 
pursuit of Marmaduke's forces, returning May 5th ; July 
10, 18r)3, moved to Bloomington, Mo., and was assigned 
to Reserve Brigade, First Cavalrj- Division ; on 19th, 
moved southward, arriving at Clarendon, Ark., August 
8th, leaving on 13th, on gunboats, going to mouth of Red 
River. Companies A and K captured two confederate 
transports. In destroying pontoon bridges, lost several 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



453 



men in an engagement. On 16th, drove enemy's pickets 
to Harrison's Landing ; joined division on 18th. August 
27th, had 160 men which were put In wagons; found 
enemy and repulsed them, and reached Little Rock Sep- 
tember 11th with hardly a man fit for duty, on account 
of two months of such fearful exposure and hardships; 
arrived at Memphis February 5th, and at Vicksburg the 
9th, and there joined the balance of regiment. On 10th, 
started for Red River, and disembarked at Limeport, La. 
Assisted in the capture of Fort De Russey. On 16th, 
camped at Alexandria, La., and marched to Grand Ecore 
April 3d. On 7th, marched for Shreveport, and was 
attacked at Pleasant Hill ; loss, thirty-eight killed, 110 
wounded, fifty-six missing. After several tedious 
marches, went in camp at Memphis June 15th. June 
24th, went to Moscow, Tenn., and on the 27th to La 
Gi-ange. July 14th, was attacked by enemy at Tupelo, 
and on the loth, at Old Town Creek. Arrived in Holly 
Springs August 4th, and Memphis, 3llth. From Septem- 
ber 5th to October 18th, was on the move, and landed at 
St. Louis. On the 25th, moved by transports to Nash- 
ville, Tenn. In battle of Nashville, the Thirty-second did 
nobly, capturing Burguchoud's battery of five guns and 
fifty prisoners. December 31, 1864, embarked for East- 
port, Miss. 

The regiment traveled 5,.594 miles, 2,332 on foot. Ag- 
gregate mustered into service, 911. Has received, since 
muster in, 277 recruits. Lost 93 men in battle, 177 by 
disease, 122 discharged, 29 transferred and 1 missing. 

Col. Gustavus A. Eberhart, com. maj. Sept. 19, 1862, 

prmtd. lieut. col. April 10, 1864, com. col. May 28, 

1864. m. o. as lieut. col. 
Asst. Surg. Jesse Wasson, com. Sept. 16, 1862, resd. March 

7, 1863. 
Q. M. Morrison Bailey, e. as sergt. Aug. 12, 1862, prmtd. 

q. m. Aug. 2, 1864. 
Com. Sergt. J. K. Millard, Aug. 11, 1862. 

Company B. 

Palmer, S. W., e. Dec. 30, 1863. 
Sussong, Henry, e. Dec. 22, 1863. 

Company C. 

Capt. Hubert F. Peables, com. Oct. 6, 1862, wd. and captd. 
in battle Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, and died of wds. 
April 25, 1864. 
Capt. Henry C. Raymond, com. 1st lieut. Oct. 6, 1862, 

prmtd. capt. April 26, 1864. 
Firt^t Lieut. Benj. F. Thomas, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 6, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. April 26, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Patrick Mclsaiics, e. as sergt. Aug. 14, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. April 26, 1864, res. Jan. 19, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Wellington Russell, e as Corp. Aug. 14, 

1S62, prmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 1, 1865, m. o. ;is sergt. 
Sergt. C. K. White, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. April 20, 1865. 
Sergt. J. H. Cutter, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Dec. 18, 1863. 
Sergt. D. W. Albaugh, e. Aug. 13, 1862, kid. at Nashville. 
Sergt. N. R. Ordway, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Sergt. Jno. M. Wood, e. A.ug. 5, 1862, dis. July 6, 1865. 
Sergt. C. Bennett, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and captd. at 

Pleasant Hill, died April 10, 1864. 
Corp. H. T. Roberts, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Corp. C. P. Hunt, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Pleasant Hill, 

disd. Jan. 25, 1865. 
Corp. John LaBarre, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. May 19, 1865. 
Corp. Ora Alexander, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. Prouty, e. Aug. 14, 1862, kid. at Lake Chicot, 

Ark., June 6, 1864. 
Corp. Wm. Nichols, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Waterloo 

April 9, 1864. 
Corp. F. Williams, e. Aug. 6, 1862, wd. at N;ishville, disd. 

July 26, 1865 
Corp. E. B. Williams, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Musician E. S. Lechty, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Waterloo 

Oct. 18, 1863. 
Musician E. M. Balcom, e. Aug. 22, 1862, trans, to 24th 

Mo. Aug. 12, 1863. 
Wagoner Jas. F. McFarland, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at 

Pleiisant Hill, died April 18, 1864. 
.Atkinson, Thomas, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps. 

Nov. 20, 1863. 
Brown, I. V. G. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Fort Pillow, 

Tenn. 
Brooks, Jno. H., e. March 24, 1864. 
Brooks, E., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Becker, I. H., e. Dec. 22, 1863. 
Biickus, Jno. W., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. May 29, '63, disab. 



Bond, A., e. Dec. 31, 1803. 

Bowers, R. S., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Baldwin, Jas., e. Dec. 30, 1863, died at Vicksburg. 

Baldwin, A. T., e. Aug. 14, 1802, wd. at Pleasant Hill, La. 

Benight, C. W., e. Dec. 23, 1863. 

Bowen, Wm. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, dia. May 26, 1865, disab. 

Crapo, Jos., e. March 31, 1864, died in Memphis. 

Corson, N. M., e. Aug. 7, 1862. 

Campbell, Wm. W., e. Dec. 14, 1863. 

Couch, H., Jr., e. Aug. 8, 1802, died at Columbus, Ky. 

Clark, C. A., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Coolev, Jas. L., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. Jan. 

11, 1865. 
Clark, Geo. D., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Colvin, Wm., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Clark, Robt., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 29, 1863. 
Cleveland, Chas., e. Aug. 14, '62, wd. at Pleasant Hill, La. 
Chapman, Henry, e. Aug. 21, 1862, died in Memphis. 
Duke, Z. J., e. Aug. 11, 1802, wd. at Pleasant Hill. 
Donlev, Levi, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Doxey, T. B., e. Aug. 14, 1802, wd. at Pleasant Hill. 
Emmitt, Jno., e. Aug. 9. 1802. 
Ellis Luther, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Fiske, Augustus, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Oct. 3, 1863. 
Filkins, C. R., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died in Memphis. 
Felton, J. W., e. Dec. 31, 1863, died in Mound City, 111. 
Flood, Ewd., e. Aug. 22, 1862, kid. in Canton, Miss. 
Goodwin, H. J., e. Oct. 24, 1864, died in Mem phis. 

Harvey, S., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 

Highsmith, A. R., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Hefifer, Jesse, e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. in Pleasant Hill. 

Hewett, B., e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. and captd. at Pleasant 

Hill, died there April 10, 1864. 
Jackson, Jno, L., e.Aug. 14, 1S62. 

Jolls, Levi, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Kellogg, Jacob B., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Lemon, A., e. Dec. 18, 1863. 

Lichey, J. M., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Nashville and died 
Dec. 21,1864. 

Mills, W. H., p.. June 13, 1864, died at Cairo, 111. 

Meyer, August, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Miller. A. W., e. Feb. 9, 1864. 

Martindale, L., e. Aug. 9, 1803, died at Memphis. 

Marquand, T. F., e. Feb. 9, 1864. 

McCormick, B., e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Pleasant Hill, 
La. 

McCall, Alex., e. Feb. 20,1864. 

Meyers, J. L., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Jefferson Barracks, 
Mo. 

Moore, E. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. March 5, 1864. 

Miller, Levi, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Matthews, G. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Ohler, Adam, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Palmer, S. W., e. Jan. 4, 1864, wd. and captd. at Pleasant 
Hill, La., and died May 13, 1864. 

Page. Alva, e. Aug. 5, 1862. 

Phillis, John S., e. Aug. 7, 1862. 

Palmer, George N., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Parmenter, A. W., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Phillips, D. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Fort Pillow, Tenn. 

Rich, H., e. Feb. 10, 1864. 

Rice, Z., e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. March 20, 1863. 

Rathburn, Warren, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Redfield, L. L., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Redfield, James A., e. Dec. 14, 1863, died at New Orleans. 

Richardson, John N., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. May 30, 1863. 

Risden, Charles, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Shaffer, Frederick, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Switzer, William D., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Jan. 24, 
1865. 

Switzer, F., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Scott, Uriah, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Shaw, Charles, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. and captd. at Pleas- 
ant Hill, La. 

Shafler, C, e. Aug. 14 1862, died at Nashville. 

Shaffer, F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Thompson, A. J. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Trowbridge, , e. Feb. 24, 1864. 

Trask, A., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Voorhees. Eugene, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 

Vogle, Henry, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Virden, Isaac, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

White, Charles, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 

Worthington, A., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Whipple, F. T., e. Aug. 12, 1802, died at Memphis. 

Ward. John N., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Webster. E. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Pleasant Hill. 

Wiltse, Charies, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Young, John H., e. .'Vug. 11, 1862. 

Brainard, E. C, Aug. 22, 1862. 



454 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



Company D. 

Sussong, Henry, e. Dec. 10, 180:5. 
Blackman, E. L., e. .Jan. 4, 1864. 
Carter, F. J., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Ohaffin, G. H., e. Feb. 11, 1864. 
Fugue, William E., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Homback, J. D., Jan. 11, 1S64. 

Company E. 

Churchill, Jas. N., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Clayton, Dow, e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. and captd.at Pleasant 

Hill. 
James, L. D., e. Dec. 23, 1863, kid. at Pleasant Hill, La. 
Kitternmn, I. N., e. Dec. 23, 18C3, captd. at Pleasant Hill. 
Lewis, Chas., e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. at Pleasant Hill, La., 

died at Tyler, Texas. 
Morse, E. A., e. Dec. 23, 1863, died at Memphis. 
Patten, Delos, e. Dec. 14, 1863, kid. at Pleasant Hill. 
Rosebrough, J. M., e. Dec. 23, 18G3, died at Vicksburg. 
Sperry, John, e. Aug. 20, 1862. 

Company C. 

Belcher, Jas. L., e. Dec. 24, 1863, disd. Aug. 3, 1864. 

UNKNOWN. 

Buker, I. A., e.Dec. 22, 1863. 
Longaker, D. M.,e. Oct. 19, 1804. 
Smith, Kobt., e. Oct. 17, 1804. 



THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 

This regiment was known as the " Gray Beard Regi- 
ment," from the fact that nearly or quite every member 
was over forty-five years of age. The regiment was formed 
during the Summer of 1862. 

The Thirty-seventh was assigned to guard duty at St. 
Louis, afterward at Alton, then at Rock Island. From 
there it went to Memphis, Tenn., and Holly Spring, Ark., 
where regular duty was performed. It was in numerous 
skirmishes, but no battles. No man from Linn County 
was killed in an engagement. By doing duty as guards of 
rebel prisoners, the Thirty-seventh relieved another regi- 
ment of younger men. It was in the service about three 
years, but our informant, Mr. Hergeshamer, private in 
Company A, is unable to give exact dates. 

Company A. 

First Lieut. Jno. McCall. e. as sergt. Sept. 21,1862, prmtd. 

Ist lieut. June 27, 1863, resd. Nov. 6, 1863. 
Second Lieut. Julius C. Hubbard, com. Dec. 15, 1862 resd 

May 3, 1863. 
Corp. Jos. Weaver, e. Sept. 8, 1862. 
Corp. Sardies Little, e. Oct. 1, 1862, disd. May 21, 1863. 
Corp. Lyman Pierce, e. Oct. 8, 1862, disd. Oct. 12, 1864. 
Wagoner Jno. Hays, e. Sept. 7, 1862. 
Boston, Wm. H., e. Oct. 22, 1862, disd. Nov. 30, 1864. 
Baker, Anthony, e. Oct. 5, 1862. 
Bullis, Gideon, e. Sept. 22, 1862, died March 13, 1864, at 

Rock Island, 111. 
Byford, Jno. R., e. Nov. 1.5, 1862. 
Carey, A., e. Sept. 20, 1862, disd. Nov. 2, 1863. 
Caignay, M., e. Sept. 16, 1862. 
Haswell, N., e. Oct. 8, 1862, disd.. May 8, 1863. 
Harris, Jos. J., e. Sept. 19, 1862. 
Harris, Benj., e. Sept. 5, 1862, disd. May 21, 1863. 
Moore, Samuel, e. Oct. 4, 1862, disd. May 24, 1865. 
McCracken. H., e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
Markell, Eli, e.Sept. 8, 1862, disd. May 8, 1863. 
McCord, T.. e Sept. 3, 1862. 

Miller, Wm. H., e. Sept. 20, 1862, disd. Jan. 2, 1865. 
Nash, Joseph, e. Sept. 6, 1862. 

Norton, Lyman, e. Sept. 5, 1862, disd. July 31, 1863. 
Outcault, F., e. Sept. 8, 1862, disd. April 4, 1863. 
Reed, Warren, e. Nov. 1802, disd. May 30, 1863. 
Sergeant, A., e. Oct. 2, 1802, disd. Nov. 9, 1864. 
Sperry, Lewis, e. Sept. 8, 1802, disd. May 14, 1865. 
^^^litbeck, Andrew, e. Sept. 20, 1863, disd. April 2, 1865. 
Wood, Chauncey, e. Sept, 2, 1862, disd. May 8, 1865. 
Washburn, H., e. Oct. 1, 1862, disd. Nov. lit, 1863. 

Company H, 

Cole, H. A., e. Oct. 1, 1863, died Jan. 12, 1862, at Musca- 
tine. 



Company K. 

Wood, Chauncey, e. Sept. 2, 1863, disd. May 8, 1865. 

UNKNOWN. 

Cagney, M., e. Sept. 16, 1862. 

FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 

Q. M. S. Chester B. Stilson, c Sept. 23, 1862. 

Company A. 

Capt. Francis H. Cooper, com let. lieut. Oct. 23, ls61, 

prmtd. capt. Sept. 1, 1862. 
Sergt. Jno. M. S. Hodgdon. e. Sept. 25, 1861. 
Sergt. Robert Wright, e. Sept. 24, 1861. 
Corp. E. F. Sawyer, e. Sept. 24, 1861. 
Corp. Jacob F. Kyler, e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Corp. D. A. Babcock, e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Corp. Jas. R. Michael, e. Sept 28, 1861. 
Alvord, Chas., e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Clark. Wm. M., e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Coburn, Wm., e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Dexter, R., e. Nov. 6, 1861. 
Dawson, F., e. Sept, 26, 1861. 
Grow, Wm., e. Nov. 5, 1861. 
Henry, A., e. Sept. 30, 1861. 
Harris, L. M., e. Nov. 12, 1861. 
Johnson, Theo., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Ryan, D., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Sawyer, E. F., e. Sept. 24, 1861. 
Trumbo, Geo., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Woodward, Henry, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 



FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 
Company D. 

First Lieut. Arthur S. McHugh, comd. 2d lieut. June 4, 

1804, prmtd. 1st lieut. Aug. 17, 1864. 
Sergt. John F. Clarke, e. Sept. 0, 1801. 
Corp. James. D. Hill, e. Sept. 7, 1861. 
Corp. 0. D. Boyles, e. Sept. 11, 1861 died at Helena, Ark., 

Aug. 12. 1864. 
Corp. Geo. S. Jackson, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 
Boyls, L. W., e. Sept. 17, ISOl. 
Baldwin, John H., e. Sept. 4, 1861. 
Cox, Acton, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 
Cotton, John L., e. Sept. 5, 1861. 
Cooley, Lewis F., e. Sept. 5, 1861. 
Dorian, Frank, e. Sept. 14, 1801. 
Finley, David, e. Sept. 7, 1861. 
Good," John C, e. Sept. 5, 1861. 
Helferty, Daniel, e. Sept. 5, 1861. 
Hallen, David, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Hesse, Frank, e. Sept. 10, 1861. 
McCullough, H., e. Sept. 3, 1861. 
Mullen, C. W.. e. Sept. 21, 1861. 
Morgan, Thos. e. Sept. 4, 1861. 
Morgan, Jacob B., e. Sept. 4, 1861. 
McWilliams, B., e. Sept. 17, 1861. 
Payn, E. S., e. Sept. 9, 1801. 
Trent, Cyrus, e. Sept. 9, 1801. 
White, F. W., e. .-^ept. 5. 1861. 
Dick, Jas. C, e. Sept. 24, 1861. 

FIRST CAVALRY. 

The First Cavalry was recruited dui-ing the Summer of 
1801. Its services began during the following Winter. 
Its first action was at Silver Creek, Mo., where the rebel 
camp was attacked and routed. In February, 1802, a 
detachment from the First helped surprise and capture 
Gen. Price at Warsaw. Another detachment had a brush 
with guerrillas near Montevallo in the following April. 
During the next few months, the regiment had skirmishes 
with rebels neur Clinton, Big Creek, Clear Creek and 
Newtonia. December 7th, the first and third liattulione 
participated in the battle at Prairie Giove. That month 
the command assisted at the capture of Van Buren, 
where a number of steamboats, several hundred prisoners 
and a large amount of steres fell into the hands of our 
forces. April 26, 1863, the most of the regiment w.is con- 
cerned in a night attack upon a portion of Marmaduke's 
forces, breaking up the camp and inflicting heavy loss. 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



455 



August 26th and 27th, the regiment did gallant sen-ice at 
White River. From September 10th until the following 
January, the First was stationed at Little Rock. April 
24, 1864. the command repulsed a charge of the enemy at 
Mono River, and had a share in the battle at Jenkins' 
Ferry on the 30th. The regiment continued doing scout 
service until January, 1865, when they were sent to Dar- 
danelle. and had a brush with Col. Cooper, driving him off 
the field. They went thence to Pine Bluff, and to Mem- 
phis. From this place they made two incursions into 
Mississippi. After the war closed, much to the disappoint- 
ment of the men, the regiment was ordered to Texas 
under Custer. On the route, two or three of the regiment 
committed some dapredations on the inhabitants, contrary 
to specific orders from Gen. Custer, who was in command. 
A few of the men were detected and ordered to be flogged. 
This order created much bitterness of feeling toward 
Custer, which had hardly disappeared when he met tragic 
death on the plains. 

Company B. 

Carney, Geo. R., e. July IS, 1801. 
Chase, John M., e. Aug. 16, 1862. 

Company C. 

Sergt. Horace Barron, June 13, 1861, disd. June, 1802,disab. 

Sergt. A. A. Alline, e. June 13, 1861. 

Sergt. Saml. M. Hoff, e. July 13, 1861. 

Corp J. Q. Hanna, e. June 13, 1861. 

Corp. S. M. Hoff, e. July 13, 1861. 

Corp. V. Gilbert, e. June 13, 1861, died at Little Rock, 
Ark. 

Ayres, James, e. Dec. 14, 1863. 

Boston, James C, e. June 13, 1861, disd. Feb. 14, 1863, 
disab. 

Labarre, Theo., e. June 13, 1861, died Jan. 26, 1863, For- 
syth, Mo. 

Simmons, C. M., disd. Sept. 21, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Cobb. D. K., e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, died at St. 
Joseph, Mo. 

Clark, W., e. Aug. 10, 1861, disd. July, 15, 1862. 

Clark, John F., e. Aug. 10, 1861, disd. June 15, 1861. 

Lelleer, Coe, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Simmons, L. N., e. Aug. 10, 1861, deserted June 21, 1863. 

Pocock, C, e. Aug. 11, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Terwilliger, David, e. Aug. 15, 1861. 

Company L. 

Keyes, S., vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Dodd, J. B. P., e. May 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Davis, Geo. H., vet. Jan. 5, 1864, died July 5, 1864. 

UNKNOWN. 

Brownson, L. H., e. Feb. 16,1864. 
Babcock, C. J., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Blood. A. C, e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Forte, John B., e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Holding, Nelson, e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Kingsbury. Geo. H. e. Dec. 30, 1864. 
Pennock, M. J., e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Rhoades, L. W., e. Dec. 31, 1863. 
Watson, Geo. A., e. Dec. 24, 1863. 
Wilkins, Owen, e. Dec. 31, 1863. 



FOURTH CAVALRY. 
Company B. 

Barnes. Geo. S., e. Dec. 4, 1863. 

Cutshell, S. L., e. Oct. 1, 1863. 

Clubine, L., e. Dec. 16, 1863, drowned nr. Napoleon, Ark. 

Conklin, A. G., e. Dec. 21, 1863, died at St. Louis. 

Dunton, Wm. A., Sept. 3, 1864, died at Atlanta. 

Guger, John, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 

Gates. W. H., e. Oct. 1, 1863. 

Hemer, L., e. Dec. 17, 1863. 

Luddic, Jacob, e. Dec. 19, 1863, wd. near Memphis. 

Rust, F., Jr., e. Dec. 21, 1863. 

Shaffer, E., e. Nov. 26, 1863, died at Atlanta. 

Shuler, Jos., e. Dec. 20, 1863. 

Schaffer, C, e. Sept. 3, 1864, wd. near Memphis, diad. June 

13, 1865, disab. 
Schaffer, A., e. Dec. 10, 1863, wd. and died at Memphis. 
Schrack, L. J., e. Dec. 19, 1863. 
Schrack, Theo., e. Dec 21, 1863, captd. near Memphis. 

Dec. 14, 1864. 



Schrack, S. J., e. Dec. 21, 1863, wd. near Memphis. 
Tracy, A. A., e. Oct. 1, 1863, captd. at Ripley, Miss., died 

at Annapolis, Md. 
Tuffs, Chas. W., e. Nov. 2, 1861. 
Warner, Jno. A., e. Dec. 26, 1863. 
Young, J. C, e. Dec. 26, 1863. 
Young, Jacob C, e. Sept. 25, 1861. 

Company E. 

Barnes, Geo. S., e. Dec. 4, 1863. 
Shroyer, Lewis, e. Dec. 16, 1863. 
Shinier, A. M., e. Dec. 21, 1863. 

Company H. 

Rowley, L. C, e. Dec. 22, 1803. 
Thoroman, N. B., e. Dec. 22, 1863. 



SEVENTH CAVALRY. 
Company A. 

Groom, Wm. H., e. April 16, 1SG4. 

Company B. 

Alder, Philip, e. March 17, 1*63. 
Alder, Wm., e. March 17, 1863. 
Dodd, Wm., e. March 17, 1863. 
Eaton, Samuel, e. March 16, 1863. 
Marsh, Wm. H.. e. Feb. 8, 1864. 
Perkins, L. T., e. March 17, 1863. 
Silsby, Edward, e. March 12, 1863. 

Company C. 

Gallup, Wm. M., e. Dec. 10, 1803. 

Company E. 

Com. Sergt. Chas. Oche, e. March 14, 1863. 
Corp. Wm. Hamilton, e. March 7, 1863. 
Farrier P. Duke, e. March 14, 1863, disd., disab. 
Cronright, Thomas, e. May 11, 1863. 
Maddock, Jos. R., e. April 1, 1803. 
Rice, Wm , e. May 9, 1863. 

Company F. 

Sergt. F. W. Fenstermaker, e. March 19, 1863. 

Corp. Levi Donley, e. March 4, 1863, died at Fort Kear- 
ney, C. T. 

Corp. H. W. Brundage, e. May 7, 1863, kid. at Julesburg, 
0. T. 

Wagoner A. Donley, e. Feb. 1, 1863. 

Burk, Thomas, e. March 18, 1863, disd. Aug. 31, '63, disab. 

Hardesty, Jos., e. March 17, 1863, died at Davenport, 
Iowa, Aug. 21, 1863. 

Shanewise, F., e. March 14, 1863. 

Starr, Wm., e. March 18, 1863. 

Starr, Hiram, e. May 8, 1863. 

Tucker, Wm., e. April 20, 1863. 

Younett, A., e. March 18, 1863. 

Company H. 

Corp. Thos. Turner, e. June 8, 1863. 

Boyd, Henry, e. June 6, 1863. 

Glidden, John, e. Oct. 18, 1864. 

Hughs, Lee M., e. June 25, 1863. 

Hall, H. H. G., e. Oct. 22, 1864. 

Johnston, A., e. June 7, 1863. 

Rice, H. P., e. Sept. 29, 1864. 

Turner, M. V. B., e. June 29, '63, wd. at Crow Creek, Ark. 

Company K. 

Capt. Francis H. Cooper, com. Sept. 1, 1862. 

First Lieut. Wallace Pattee, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 1, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. June 1, 1805. 
Second Lieut. Robert Wright, e. as sergt., com. 2d lieut. 

June 1, 1865, resd. Jan. 5, 1865. 
Q. M. S. James R. Michael, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Sergt. John M. S. Hodgdon, e. Sept. 28, 1861, vet. Feb. 28 , 

1864. 
Sergt. H. P. Leland, e. Sept. 24, 1861, vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 
Sergt. J. F. Kyler, Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 
Corp. E. F. Sawyer, e. Sept. 24, 1861, vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 
Corp. Geo. Trumbo, e. Oct. 7, 1861. 
Farrier Wilson M. Clark, e. Sept. 26, '61, vet. Feb. 28, '64. 



456 



WAR RECORD OP BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



Adame, Wm., e. Jan. 4, 1804. 

Alvord, Chas., e. Sept. 26, 1861, vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 

Babcock, D. A., e Oct. 1, 1861. 

Coburn, Wm., e. Sept. 26, 1801. 

Dawson, F. A., e. Sept. 20, 1801, vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 

Dexter, R. S., e. Nov. 5, 1801, vet. Feb. 28, 1804. 

Gross, W. H., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 

Harris, L. M., e Nov. 12, 1861. 

Pattee, A. C, vet. Feb. 29, 18(;4. 

Henry, A., e. Sept. 3U, 1861. 

Johnson, Theo., Sept. 28, 1861, vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 

Moody, C. D , Dec. 22, 1803. 

Rvan, Daniel, e. Sept. 20, 1861, vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 

Stilson, C. B , e. Sept. 24, 1861. 

Wiltse, N. P., e. Jan. 4, 1804. 

Woodward, H. D., e. Sept. 28, 1801, vet. Feb. 28, 1804. 



NINTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This Regiment was mustered out at Little Kock, 
Ark., Feb. 2S, 1S66.] 

This regiment, Ool. Matthew M. Trumbull, was the last 
of the three-year regiments recruited in Iowa. It was or- 
ganized at Davenport, November 30, 1803, and ordered to 
Arkansas, where it remained performing heavy scouting, 
guard and garrison duty until the close of the war. 

Col. Matthew M.Trumbull, com. Sept. 24, 1803, brev.brig 

gen. U. S. V. March 13, 1865. 
Maj. Wm. Haddock, com. Nov. 3, 1803, prmtd. capt. Co. 

E, 12th Inf., resd. Sept. 13, 1804. 
Maj. John Wayne, com. Oct. 17, 1803, prmtd maj. Sept. 

14, 1804. 
Surg. Jesse Wasson, com. Oct. 19, 1803, resd. Jan. 27, 1865. 
Adjt. Ward B. Sherman, com. commy. Nov. 5, 1803, from 

private Co. G, 13th Inf., prmtd. adjt. Sept. 4, 1864, 

resd. April 1, 1865. 

Company C. 

Sergt. Daniel G. Ellis, e. Aug. 11, 1803. 

Corp. Jas. M. Morgan, e. Sept. 29, 1803. 

Adams, H. N., e. March 9, 1804. 

Gaston, John, e. July 4, 1863. 

Geiste, Chas. H., Sept. 24, 1803, died at St. Louis, Mo. 

Harding, Hiram, e. Oct. 24,1803. 

Johnson, Richard, e. June 29, 1863. 

Kock, Wm., e. Sept. 24, 1863. 

Company C 

Trump, W. Champlin, e. Sept. 2, 1863. 
Bennett, Windsor, e. Aug. 28, 1863. 
Franklin, Wm., e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Hurlbut, S. B. 

Hayward, George, e. July 4, 1863. 
Wilson, James H., e. Aug 15, 1803. 

UNASSIGNED. 

McCardle, James, e. Oct. 25, 1864. 
Raymond, Albert, e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Smith, John, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 



FIRST BATTERY LIGHT ARTIL- 
LERY. 

Corp. Thos. Filkin. 

Baker, David, e. Oct. 24, 1864. 

Barnascone, David, e. as vet. Jan. 2, 1864. 

Johnson, H. B., Dec. 26, 1863. 

Lockerby, Geo. W., disd. June 3, 1862. 

Martin, Peter, died at Davenport July 2, 1804. 

Morrison, Samuel, died at Corinth, Miss. 

Rice, Wm. A., e. Dec. 14, 1863. 

Round, Geo. W., disd. Nov. 28, 1802, disab. 

Smith, J., e. Dec. 14, 1803. 

Williams, Richard, died Jan. 19, 1862 at St. Louis. 

Spencer, F., e. as vet. Jan. 2, 1864. 



SECOND BATTERY LIGHT AR- 
TILLERY. 

Buffington, C, e. as vet. March 23, 1864. 



THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTIL- 
LERY. 

fNoTE. — This battery was mustered out at Davenport 
Oct. a, 1865.] 

This battery was organized by Capt. M. M. Hayden 
under special authority from the Secretary of War, dur- 
ing the months of August and September, 1861. at Du- 
buque, under the name of the Dubuque Battery, and was 
attached to the Ninth Regiment Iowa Voluntary Infantry, 
Col. William Vandever commanding. On the 3d of Sep- 
tember, 1861, the firet detachment of the battery was 
mustered in bj' Capt. Washington, William H. McClure, 
of Cedar Falls, Iowa, being mustered as First Lieutenant, 
under whose cliarge the detachment was placed in Camp 
Union, near Dubuque. 

The battery was speedily filled up by recruits, and on 
the 24th of the same month the final muster-in as a bat- 
tery took place, the following officers having been chosen : 
Captain, M. M. Hayden ; Senior First Lieutenant, W. H. 
McClure; Junior First Lieutenant, M. C. Wright ; Senior 
Second Lieutenant, W. H. Crozier; Junior Second Lieut- 
enant, Jerome Bailey. The battery, with the Ninth 
Iowa Infantry, left Camp Union, on the steamer Canada, 
September 26tb, for St. Louis. Were immediately marched 
to Benton Barracks (then in process of completion). Req- 
uisitions for guns, horses and harness were made. 

On the 13th of November, thej' were ordered to Pacific 
City, JJrf)., where they remained during the greater part 
of the Winter. Guns and equipments were received 
about the 1st of December. 

The battery consisted of four six-pounder bronze guns 
and two twelve-pounder howitzers. On the 2oth of Jan- 
uary, they moved by rail to Rolla, where they w-ere 
assigned under Gen. Curtis. On the 28th of the same 
month, they marched from Rolla in the direction of Leb- 
anon. 

February 9th, marched to Springfield, Mo. Participa- 
ted in the famous race after Price's fleeing army, making 
some almost unprecedented marches, and ending in the 
battle of Pea Ridge. 

The suddenness of their final attack, with the meag'^r- 
ness of our support, compelled us to leave two of our guns 
upon the field. These guns, however, were not abandoned 
until they were spiked, and every horse had been killed 
and every man serving with them either killed or 
wounded. We fell back some 400 yards, where, support 
coming to our aid, we kept up firo with the remaining 
guns until darkness put an end to the engagement. 
^ Our entire loss in the two days' engagement was two 
men killed, two officers and fifteen men wounded, twenty- 
three horses killed and three guns captured, and fired, 
during the engagement, over 1,200 rounds of ammunition. 

Marcheil to Batesville, Ark. Arrived at Helena July 
12th, and made several reconnaissances from that point. 
Was in the Little Rock e.xpedition. 

In January, 1804, the battery re-enlisted and went 
home. Returned in May and received new guns and out- 
fit and did efficient service during the rest of the war. 

Sr. First Lieut. Wm. H. McClure, com. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. 
at Pea Ridge March 7, 1862, resd. Sept. 3, 1862. 

Jr. First Lieut. Otis G. Day, e. as sergt. Aug. 3, 1861, prmtd. 
sr. 2d lieut. May 1, 1862, prmtd, jr. 1st lieut. Sept. 4, 
1862, m. o. April 30, 1863. 

Corp. David C. Baker, died at Helena, Ark. 

Adams, John Q., e. Feb. 23, 1864. 

Adams, Wm., e. Jan. 4, 1.S64. 

Bunton, Thos., wd. at Pea Ridge, disd. Aug. 27, 1862. 

Curtis, W. T., e. Dec. 19, 1803. 

Chase, Wm. J., e. as vet. Feb. 1, 1864. 

Deeming, Geo., p. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863. 

Dorian, T. J. 

Dolph, Edward M. 

Eidson, Barney, e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1803. 

Eaton, Julius M. 

Farguson, Jos. J., disd. Oct. 12, 1803, disab. 

Gallarno, Geo., e. Jan. 13, 1864, died Sept. 23, 1804, at Lit- 
tle Bock, Ark. 

Gilley, S., e. Oct. 14, 1804. 

Headley, A. B., died on steamer D. A. January. 

Herring, F. C, o. Feb. 26, 1864. 

Hurlburt, Samuel B. 

Harkness, David. 

Headloy, Wm. E., e. as corp. Dec. 22, 1863. 

Kelley, M. B., e. Feb. 2, 1804, died at Little Bock, Ark. 

Knapp, Samuel M., died at Cassville, Mo. 

Lindsay, J. W^, e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863. 



WAR RECORD OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY. 



45T 



Leversee, Charles. 

Mitchell, C. A., e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863. 

Munger, A., e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863. 

Moody, 0. D., e. Dec. 22, 1863, disd. March 28, 1865, disab. 

Maddock, Jos. R., wd. at Pea Kidgo, disd. Dec. 17, 1862, 

disab. 
McCardle, Patrick, e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863. 
Overman, C. M., e. April 20, 1864. 
Preble, H. J., prmtd. Q. M. S., vet. Dec. 22, 1863. 
Patrick, Chas., e. Oct. 14, 1864. 

Parker, C. J., died July 17, 1862, on str. D. A. January. 
Biddle, J. M., e. Oct. 17, 1864. 

Reynolds, E. B., wd. at Pea Ridge, disd. May 6, 1864. 
Steele, Robert J., e. as vet. Dec 22, 1863. 
Scott, H. R., e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Shreves, J. C. 

Shroyer, Jas. M., e. Oct. 14, 1864. 
Sisson, George W. 
Turner, J. A., e. Feb. 3, 1864. 
Thompson, F. M., wd. at Pea Ridge, Ark. 
Tronin, L., e. Oct. 14, 1864. 
Waters, Geo. T. 
Wiltse, N. T., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Wynn, A., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Warren, A., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Walters, Geo. I., e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 
First Iowa Infantry. 

Butler, G. W., e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. Aug. 25, 1861. 
McManis, H. J., e. April 24, 1861, m. o. Aug. 25, 1861. 

Fifth Infantry. 

Rice, W. A., e. June 24, 1861, wd. at luka, m. o. Aug. 18, 

1864. 
Sergt. Keisv S. Marlin, e. July 1, 1861, prmtd. surgeon 

20th inf., m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Musician D. Sawyer, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Crawford, Wm., e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Marlin, J. W., e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Puckett, T. C, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Snider, H. W., e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Snider, John, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Williams, W., e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Williams, M., e. July 1, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Knowles, B. A., e. July 15, 1861, wd. at luka, m. o. Aug. 

18, 1864. 
Martin, B. H., e. July 15, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Purington, Curtis, e. July 24, 1861, m. o. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Wilson, P. D., e July 24, 1861, prmtd. to Corp., m. o. Aug. 

18, 1864. 

Sixth Infantry. 

Bullock, Gilbert, e. June 24, 1861, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Eaton, Samuel, e. June 24. 1861, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Seventh Infantry. 

Albertson, F. D-, e. July 8, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. 

July 12, 1865. 
Thomas, J. S., e. July 8, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. 

July 12, 1865. 

Eighth Infantry. 

Loyd, Jos. S., e. Oct. 19, 1864, m. o. April 20, 1866. 
Lamb, Daniel, e. Nov. 18, 1864, m. o. April 20, 1866. 

Thirteenth Infantry. 

Brown, A. S., e. Sept. 27, 1861, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Gipe, John H., e. Sept. 27, 1861, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Pray, Robt. J., e. Sept. 27, 1861, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Fourteenth Infantry. 

First Lieut. Francis H. Cooper, com. Oct. 23, 1861, trans. 

to 7th cav. Sept. 4, 1862, m. o. June 22,1866. 
Davidson, C. F., e. Nov. 6,-1862, died Sept. 6, 1863. 
Outcult, Fred., e. May 7, 1863, m. o. June 22, 1866. 

Seventeenth Infantry. 

Second Lieut. David C. Montgomerie, prmtd. 2d lieut., m. 
o. July 25, 1865. 



Eighteenth Infantry. 

Barker, Geo. W., e. July 2, 1862, m. o. July 20, 1865. 

Nineteenth Infantry. 

Asst. Surg. M. C. Lathrop, coni. July 11, 1863, resd. Oct. 
26, 1863, to accept promotion in 4th Eng. C. D. A. 

Twentieth Infantry. 

Asst. Surg. Keisey S. JIartin, com. Oct. 1, 1862, m. o. July 

8, 1865. 
Schemerhorn, Wra. S., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Thirty-eighth Infantry. 

Chesley, Jno. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
Reynolds, D. D.,e. Jan. 9, 1863, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 

Thirty-fourth and Thirty-eighth In- 
fantry Consolidated. 

Chesley, Jno. H., e. Aug. 22,1862, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 

Thirty-ninth Infantry. 

Null, Jas., e. Feb. 24, 1864, m. o. June 5, 1865. 
Wood, F. M., e. Feb. 27, 1864, m. o. June 5, 1865. 
Wells, Isaac S., e. Feb. 24, 1861, m. o. June 5, 1865. 

Forty-second Infantry. 

Heath, Chas. K., e. Aug. 4, 1861. 
Lockeby, Jason, e. Aug. 4, 1861. 
Starr, Benj., e. Aug. 4, 1861. 

Forty-fourth Infantry. 

Corp. Perry Newell, e. May 11, 1864. 

Second Cavalry- 
Savage, Chas., e. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. 
Thayer, E. S., e. Sept. 3, 1864, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. 
Brown, Geo. W., e. Jan. 6, 1864, died Aug., 1864. 
Burroughs, S. e. Aug. 4, 1861, deserted July 8, 1862. 

Fifth Cavalry. 

Beeson, B. 0., m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 

Mct.'almut, Peter, deserted Nov. 16, 1862. 

Corp. Jas. B. Wolf, e. July 1, 1861, from Co. E, 5th inf., m. 

o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Williams. Mahlon, e. July 1, 1861, from Co. E. 5th inf., 

vet. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Corp. Nicholas Eisenhauer, e. June 24, 1861, vet., April 

11, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Martin, B. H., e. June 24, 1861, vet., Feb. 6, 1864, m. o. 

Aug. 11, 1865. 
Martin, J. G., e. June 24, 1861, vet., Jan. 5, 1864, m. o 

Aug. 11, 1865. 
Purington, C. B., e. June 24, 1861, vet., Feb. 7, 1864, m. o. 

Aug. 11, 1865. 

Sixth Cavalry. 

Craven, Gersham, e. Dec. 15, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Nocton, Wm. J., e. Nov. 11, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Stickley, Jesse, e. Nov. 19, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Teamster Jno. B. Maulson, e. Sept. 16, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 

1865. 
Creighton, M., e. Oct. 15, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Eberhart, B. E., e. Oct. 15, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Hoague, C. B., e. Dec. 15, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Miller. J. L. "G.," e. Oct. 15, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Meyers, H. B., e. Oct. 19, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 

Eighth Cavalry. 

Farrier Robt. Bellingham, e. Oct. 10, 1864, m. o. Aug. 13, 

1865. 
Farrier U. Betterly, e. Dec. 5, 1864, m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
Farrier Chester Mehan, e. Aug. 5, 1863, m. o. Aug. 13, '65. 
Sliirl, Jerry, e. July 1, 1863, m. o. Oct. 13, 1865. 
Corp. S. Rathbone, e. July 8, 1863, m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
Knowlton, C. F., e. July 25, 1863, m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
Peeters, Isaac M., e. Aug 11, 1863, m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
Rowley, Eli M.,e. Aug. 11, 1863, m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
Rahe, Wm., e. July 20, 1863, m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 

First Iowa Infantry (African Descent^. 

Corp. Wm. H. Webster, e. Sept. 8, 1863. 



458" HISTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Engineer Regiment of the West. Second Misisouri Cavalry (Merrill 

Horsei. 

Dow, i^imon, e. Aug. 18, 1862. 



Musician Eugene Mengoz, Aug. 28, 1861, disd.0et.21, '6; 

Artificer Jno. Bristoph, e. Aug. 28, 1861. 

Artificer Clement Catois, e. Sept. 20, 1861. 

Artificer Michael Gilly, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 

Gologly, Patrick, e. Sept. 14, 1861. 

Mengoz, Francois, e. Sept. 30, 1861. 

Blanchard, John. e. Sept. 14, 1861. 

Harrington, Ja-s., e. Sei)t. 14, 1864. 

Seventh Illinois Cavalry. 

Scott, H. K., e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Scott, John H.. e. Jan. 2, 1864. 

Ninth Illinois Cavalry. 

Brown, E., e. Nov. 12, 1861. 



Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry. 

First Bugler C. D. Mach, e. Sept. 16, 1862. 

Farrier Jas. Hunter, e. Oct. 11, 1862. 

Brown, Jno. F., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 

Chandler, Starling, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 

Forbes, Jas. W., e. Sept. 16, 1861. 

Frost, \Vm., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 

Kimble, Jacob, e. Sept. 16, 1861, ditd May, 1862. 

Brown, Jno. F., e. Nov. 14, 1863. 

Eighteenth Michigan Infantry. 

Shcermerhorn, Wm., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 



For four years and more, the notes of the fife and drum and bugle and the 
tramp of armed hosts were continually heard, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
from the Gulf of Mexico to British North America, and the clash of arms was 
borne northward on every breeze from the sunny but blood-drenched plains of 
the South. For four years and more, " grim-visaged war" had waved its crim- 
soned banners over the fair fabric the Fathers had erected, in a vain endeavor 
to hurl it from its foundations. In this terrible and gigantic struggle. Black 
Hawk had borne its full part, and many a brave volunteer from its beautiful 
prairies had laid down his life on the battle field or starved to death in the rebel 
slaughter pens at Anderson ville and Macon. 

But now Sherman and his "brave boys in blue" had made their memorable 
and historic march to the sea, Lee had surrendered to the victorious army of 
the Union under Grant, the war was ended, peace restored, the Union preserved 
in its integrity, and the patriotic sons of Black Hawk who were spared to wit- 
ness the final victory of the armies of the Union returned to their homes to 
receive grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who 
had eagerly and jealously and anxiously watched and followed them wherever 
the varying fortunes of war had called them. 

Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell 
back to their old avocations — on the farm, in the mines, at the forge, the bench, 
in the shop, in the ofiice, or at whatever else their hands found to do. Their 
noble deeds, in the hour of their country's peril, are now and always will be 
dear to the hearts of the people whom they so faithfully served. Brave men 
are always honored, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater respect than 
the brave volunteers of Black Hawk County, not simply because they were 
soldiers, but because, in their association with their fellow men, their walk is 
upright, and their character and honesty without reproach. 
Their country first, their glory and their pride ; 
Land of their hopes — land where their fathers died ; 
When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright ; 
When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. 

The wondrous deeds of daring and glorious achievements of the Army of 
the Union, during the great war of the rebellion, Aviil always be dearly cherished 
by all patriotic hearts. But there are scenes, incidents and accidents, the 
memory of which will shade with sadness the bright reflections engendered by 
the contemplation of a heroism, devotion and sacrifice the like of which the 
world never saw before. But the memory of those who fell in the stupendous 
struggle is still familiar to the present people of Black Hawk County ; and fifty 
years hence, when the fathers and mothers of to-day shall have passed on to 
their eternal home, they will be remembered by posterity more as matters of 
tradition than of absolute written history. 



BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. 



T^BBREVIA-TIONS. 



agt agent 

carp carpenter 

■elk , clerk 

Co company or county 

(llr dealer 

far farmer 

gro : grocer 

I. V. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 

I. V. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

lab laborer 



mach machiniat 

mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

mfr manufacturer 

mkr maker 

P. Post Office 

prop proprietor 

S. or Sec Section 

St street 

supt superintendent 

Treas Treasurer 



WATERLOO CITY. 



(P. 0. WATERLOO.) 



A 



BLE, MADISON, laborer. 



Ackler, W. J., retired. 

Adrian, Philip, gardener. 

Adrian, Williara, laborer. 

Alexander, 0., carpenter. 

Alford, L., attorney. 

ALjIiEX, HEXRY B., President 
First National Bank in Waterloo ; was 
born in Lewis Co., N. Y., May 8, 1833; 
moved to Watertown, N. Y., with par- 
ents, where he was educated, and then 
went to Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y., 
and studied law with Judge Brown ; 
came to Dubuque in the Fall of 1855, 
and on March 1, 1857, came to this 
city, where he married Mary C. Nowlin 
on August 11, 1857 ; she was born in 
Dubuque, Iowa, in 1836 \ Hattie M., 
born Nov, 17, 1858, and MaryD., May 
8, 1863, are their children. 

Althouse, John, wagon maker. 

Ames, D. B., laborer. 

Ampfard, P., farmer. Sec. 8. 

Anderson, E., hog merchant. 

Andrews, V. S., hides. 

Annibal, W. W., wagon maker. 

Austin, J. G., minister. 

Aplin, Robert C, shoemaker. 

Arthur, Alex., merchant. 

Austin, J. J., minister. 



Averill, John, miller. 
Ayers, Homer, teamster. 
Ayers, H. N., minister. 
Ayers, Nelson, deacon. 

BAGG-, S., Hon., Judge of Circuit 
Court. 

Bailey, H. A., merchant. 

Baldwin, C. W., engineer I. C. R. R. 

BALiIi, JAMES M., physician and 
surgeon ; born in Steubenville, Jefferson 
Co., Ohio, in 1812. Married Katurah 
Ford in 1831 ; she was born in Jefferson 
Co., Ohio, in 1813. The subject of this 
sketch received his primary education in 
his native county, and commenced the 
study of medicine with William Farmer, 
M. D., and graduated in Cleveland, 
Ohio. Emigrated in 1849, to Monroe, 
Greene Co., Wis., where he was com- 
missioned Assistant Surgeon of the 31st 
Wis. V. I. ; was detached from his regi- 
ment by order of Gen. Van Cleve, to 
take charge of a hospital and fit others 
for refugees, in Murfreesboro ; ordered 
to report to his regiment, and in July, 
186-1, obtained leave of absence of Gen. 
Sherman ; soon after his return home he 
was commissioned Surgeon of the 44th 
Wis. V. I., but being unfit for field duty, 
was ordered to Camp Randall, Madison, 
Wis., making primary examinations ; 

I 



462 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



was ordered to report to Gen. Thomas, 
at Nashville, Tenn. ; ordered to report 
to Gen. Palmer, and he to Gen. Mere- 
dith, at Paducah, Tenn., where he was 
appointed Surgeon in charge of that 
po.st, and soon after of the district of 
Paducah ; in September, 1865, was mus- 
tered out of service, and came to Waver- 
ly, Iowa, in 1866, and to this city in 
1872. 

Ballow, A. E., harness maker. 

Ballow. Fred B., harness maker. 

BALIilETT & WELD, dealers 
in jewelry, Logan House Block, Fourth 
St., East Side. C. O. Balliett was 
born in Northumberland Co., Penn., 
and came to this county in 18G7 ; moved 
to Niagara Co., N. Y., and returned 
here in 1872. W. R. Weld was born 
in St. Joseph Co., Mich., in 1844, and 
married Minnie E. Trobridge in 1870 ; 
she was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., in 
1847 ; they came to this county in 
April, 1872, settling in this city. May 
1, 1872, commenced their present busi- 
ness. 

Barnburger, D., druggist. 

Banning;, John. 

BEXSOX, BAXTOX, _ physician 
and surgeon ; born in Baltimore Co., 
Md., Jan. 20, 1828 ; went with parents 
to Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1845, where 
he was educated. Married Mary Dog- 
sett in 1 854 ; she was born in Monroe 
Co., N. Y.. in 1827, and died May 26, 
1861. Came to Dubuque Co., Inwa, in 
1866, where he studied medicine in the 
office of Dr. Clark ; went to Raymond, 
this county, in 1868. where he practiced 
his profession. Married Mary Smith in 
August. 1869 ; she was born in Saratoga 
Co., N. Y.; Herman and Willie are their 
children. 

Barber, P. J., physician. 

Barber, Earl, druggist. 

Barden, L., money loaner. 

Barker, M. H., carpenter. 

Barker, W. J. machinist. 

BARXES, GEORGE W., dealer 
in farming implements, garden, field and 
flower seeds, corner of Fourth and Jef- 
ferson streets; was born in Chemung 
Co., N. Y., in 1840. Emigrated to 
Sycamore, De Kalb Co., 111., in 1858 ; 
came to this county, settling in Cedar 
Falls, iu 1868, where he married Alfer- 



etta Ray April 5, 1868 ; she was born i» 
Ashtabula Co., Ohio. Mr. Barnes com- 
menced business in this city in 1869. 

Barrent, John, carpenter. 

BARRETT, WIL.L.IAM, propri- 
etor of the Logan House ; was born im 
Orange Co., Vt., Jan. 7, 1827 ; when 
quite young he, with his parents, moved 
to Genesee Co., N. Y., and to Bald- 
winstown, Wis., in 1844; moved to 
Anamosa, Iowa, in 1852, and the 
year following to New York City, and 
from the latter place to California, 
where he resided until Feb., 1868, when. 
he went to Geneva, Wis., taking charge 
of the Lake House. After going to 
Chicago and residing seven months, he 
moved to Charles City, Iowa, as propri- 
etor of the Union House ; after residing 
in Decorah, Iowa, ten months, he came 
to this county May 20, 1875. Married 
Nellie Martin in Nov., 1865; she was 
born on Long Island Feb. 1, 1846; 
Lulu, 3 J ears old, is their adopted 
daughter. 

Barro, Caspar, saloon. 

Barro, George, laborer. 

Barrows, D. A., saloon. 

Bates, A. M., sewing machine agent. 

BATES, WILLIAM, dealer in 
butter and eggs, East Side ; was born 
in Joe Daviess Co., 111., Aug. 5, 1847. 
Married Salona J. Harper March 4, 
1868 ; she was born in Grant Co., Wis., 
in Dec, 1848. After residing in Hazel 
Green. Wis., for many years, they came 
to this county, settling in this city in 
1867, and commenced his business the 
year following. He enlisted in the 16th 
Wis. V. I. in 1864, and was honorably 
discharged in 1865. Eddie A.. Flor- 
ence v., and Kittie are the children. 

Beal, Albert, patent rights. 

BECK, FRAXK, dealer in boots 
and shoes. Fourth street ; was born in 
Baltimore, Md., in 1835, and married 
Margaret Lewis in 1858 ; she was b'jrn 
in Germany. Emigrated to Ohio in 
1836, with his parents, and, after going 
to Dayton, Ohio, emigrated to Dubuque, 
Iowa, and came to this county in 1864, 
settling in this city ; commenced his 
present business in June of that year. 

BECK, G. P., of the firm of Beck & 
Naumau, dealers in all kinds of pine 
lumber, lath and shingles, sash, doorS;, 



WATERLOO CITY. 



463 



moldings and all sizes of fanning 
mills, was born in Bavaria Jnly 
20, 1832 ; emigrated to this country 
with parents in 1832, first settling in 
Virginia ; moved to Dayton, Ohio in 
1 844, where he married Albertina Shulan 
Sept. 20, 1853 ; she was born in Stutt- 
gart Feb. 20, 1832 ; they emigrated 
to this county in 185G, first settling in 
this city. Anna W., F. W., MaUnda, 
Emma, George, Rosetta, John and Philip 
are their children. 

Becker, Charles, laborer. 

Becker, N. E., shoemaker. 

Becker, W. H. H., painter. 

Beefle, N. A., retired. 

Bell, Daniel, carpenter. 

Bender, Andrew, laboi'er. 

Benedict, D. A., music dealer. 

Bennett, Joseph, merchant. 

Bentz, John, butcher. 

Berkley, L. B., laborer. 

Berry, J. R., minister. 

Bezold, H. H., attorney. 

Bickley, Gr. G., physician. 

Bigsby, Charles C, street sprinkler. 

Bixby, L. L., laborer. 

Black, William G., mason. 

Blenis, S., I. C R. R. 

Biim, Adam, brewer. 

BL.IM, MARTIN, editor of Der 
Deutsch Arnerikaner^ and insurance 
agent and notary public ; was born in 
Germany Jan. 8, 1841. Married 
Theresa Ordner Jan. 27, 1864 ; she 
was born m Austria. Mr. Blim emi- 
grated to this country in 1860, settling 
in Stephenson Co., 111., and came to this 
county in March, 1861 ; commenced 
the editorship of above paper in 1873. 

Blim, Peter, furniture. 

Blitch, Jacob, laborer. 

Bloeser, George, saloon. 

Blowers, William, barber. 

Blum, Joseph, shoemaker. 

Bogardus, J. A., laborer. 

Boice, Horace, attorney. 

Bouck, G. B., butcher. 

Brainard. P. E., livery. 

Breckinridge, A. J., insurance agent. 

Brodereck, Thomas, laborer. 

Brooks, L. L., dry goods. 

Brott, W. B., carpenter. 

Brott, W. H., auctioneer. 

Brown, H. S. 

Brown, H. W., physician. 



Brown, Willis, saloon. 

BROWX, W. F., grain and coal 
dealer at Raymond ; P. 0. Waterloo ; 
born in Kennebec Co., Me., in 1823; 
he mwed to Philadelphia, Penn.. iu 
1848 ; to Iowa and Dubuque in 1855 ; 
to Waterloo in 1857. He was married 
in 1850 to Miss Cyntha Rich, from 
Maine ; they have had eight children, 
five living — Ella R., Elnor E., Tinnie, 
Walter E. and lola. Mr. B. owns 160 
acres of land, valued at $4,500, also 
three village properties in Waterloo, and 
two in Dysart, Tama, Co. He has held 
the ofiice of County Sherifi" for twelve 
years ; School Director five years ; 
Township Assessor two years. His 
family reside in Waterloo ; he rents 
the elevator at Raymond and carries 
on the grain and coal trade ; he lost 
his right arm, in the Fall of 1856, 
in Dubuque, while engaged with 
machinery. 

Brubacher, C., clerk. 

Brubacher, Elias, restaurant. 

Brunn, D. H., laborer. 

Buck, Luther, gardener. - 

Bucknell, Elias, baker. 

Bundy, P. S., gardener. 

BUXXEL-Lr, A.C., City Treasurer; 
was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Dec. 18, 
1818. Married Jane Inman, who was 
born in Wilkinsburg, Penn.; they moved 
to Racine, Wis., in 1837 ; in 1854, came 
to Cedar Falls, this county, and to this 
city in 1857, when he was elected to his 
present office, which he held fur eight 
years, and re-elected at the last election. 

Bunnell, Joseph, agricultural. 

Bumo'ardner, W., labor. 

BURBEE, WILL.IAM G., car 

penter, joiner and builder ; was born 
in Oswego Co., N. Y., on Sept. 16, 
1823, and moved to Walworth Co. in 
1848, and in 1849, emigrated to Janes- 
ville, Rock Co., Wis., and married Eliza 
Fitch May 17, 1853 ; she was born in 
Trumbull Co., Wis., Nov. 24, 1838 ; 
they came to this county in 1855, set- 
, tling in this city. Charles W. and Frank 
H. are their children. Has been Treas- 
urer of this city for fourteen years. 

Burger, Martin, laborer. 

Burkett, John, miller. 

Burkett, J. T., millwright. 

Burnell, A. L., laborer. 



464 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



Burnham, E. W., music teacher. 

Burnham, M. L., druggist. 

Burroughs, D. W., retired baihff. 

Burroughs, Stephen, printer. 

BUHER, J. S., photographer, West 
Side; born in Lycoming Co., Penn., 
in 1845, and emigrated to Grant Co., 
Wis., in 1858, where he resided until 
going to Warren, 111., engaging in busi- 
ness with his brother ; after one year, 
he went to Fulton, 111., and to Cedar 
Rapids, Iowa, Monroe, Wis., where he 
bought a gallery, and from which place 
he came to this county in 1873, where 
he has been engagi-d in business. 

Button, Benj , express agent. 

Butterfield, N., teamster. 

Buttriek, Willard, shoemaker. 

CAFF ALL, C. G., grain dealer. 
Calkins, Porter, painter. 

Camp, Edward, clerk. 

Campwell, B. J., coal merchant. 

Cardey, Robert, machinist. 

Carey, W. W., blacksmith. 

CASCADE!^, THOMAS, dealer 
in agricultural im2)lements, West Side ; 
born in Ireland June 23, 18^5 ; moved 
to Canada and to this county in August, 
1868, and married Amanda L. Smith in 
May, 1868, and again married Annie L. 
Mayes in April, 1 874 ; she was born in 
Ohio. Mr. C. moved to Cedar Falls, 
and then to this city ; has been engaged 
in foundry and agricultural implements 
trade since his arrival here. 

Chadwick, T., stone quarry and farmer. 

Chaffee, P. M., grocer. 

Cliapman, I. E., foreman machine shop. 

Chapin, W. A., merchant. 

Chase, Chas., foreman, I. C. R. R. 

Chevalier, Alfred, painter. 

Chevalier. Charles, machinist. 

Chevalier^ D. T., engineer I. C. R. R. 

CHRISTIE, T., grain dealer at Illi- 
nois Central Depot ; born in Scotland in 
1839; came to Canada in 1853, and 
Traer, in Tama Co., in 1863, and to 
this county in 1864. Married Mary 
Collins in 1876, who was born in Salem, 
Mass. Mr. Christie commenced his 
present business in 1866, and bought 
his present elevator in 1874. 

Christopher, Robert, laborer. 

Cleveland, E. W., cracker factorv. 

CL,IXGER, JAMES, dealer in coal 
and wood ; office cor. of Fourth and Bluff 



sts. ; was born in Mifflin Co., Penn., in 
1814. Married Hannah Condo in 1840; 
she was born in Centre Co., Penn., in 
1819 ; they moved to Greene Co., Wis., 
in 1855, and came to this county in 
1865, settling in this city. 
COBB, DAXIEL, livery stable. Fifth 
and Commercial sts. ; was born in 
Windham Co., Vt., April 14. 1805. 
Married Julia A. Rathbone Oct. 17, 
1827 ; she was born in Milo, Saratoga 
Co., N. Y., Nov. 8, 1808 ; when quite 
young, Mr. Cobb moved with his par- 
ents to Worcester Co., Mass., and after 
two years moved to Westmoreland, 
Cheshire Co., N. H., and after seven 
years went to Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 
and then to Cattaraugus Co., and Erie 
Co., and Yorkshire, N. Y. ; after resid- 
ing in Macomb Co., Mich., and Genesee 
Co., N. Y., Allegany, N. Y., and 
Ohio; he came to this county from 
Allegany Co., N. Y., arriving May 
5 1859. 

COBB, LUCIUS A., retired lumber 
merchant; was born in Windham Co., 
N. H., Aug. 30, 1821. Married H A. 
Ellsworth Nov. 3, 1860 ; she was born 
in Hardwick, Vt. ; moved to Saratoga 
Springs, N. Y.. and to Cattaraugus Co., 
N. Y., emigrating to Jackson Co., Iowa 
in 1853, and on Nov. 5, 1855, came to 
this county, settling in this city. 

COBB, W. S., retired farmer ; was 
born in Westmoreland Co., N. H., on 
June 9, 1824. Married A. E. Lingen- 
felter March 5, 1847; she was born in 
Victory, N. Y. ; moved to Saratoga 
Springs, and to Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 
where he was married, and then came 
to this county in October, 1856, settling 
in Cedar Township on Sec. 6 ; came to 
this city in 1866. Ravilla and Edgar S. 
are their children. 

Coburn, S., boots and shoes. 

Colby, L. W., restaurant. 

Colladay, F., hardware. 

Collier, C. F., conductor, I. C. R. R. 

Conger, G., stock dealer. 

Conger, Hiram, Street Commissioner. 

Conger, P. H., retired. 

Connelly, John, machinist. 

Connelly, Lawrence, laborer. 

Conway, James, laborer. 

COO LEY, JAMES L., real estate 
agent in Waterloo ; was born in Hart- 



WATERLOO CITY 



465 



ford, Conn., Aug. 1, 1826; emigrated 
to Kane Co., 111., in 18-iG, and in 1858, 
came to this county, settling in this city, 
where he has been engaged in the grain 
trade. Enlisted in the 32d I. V. I. in 
18b2, serving in the army of the Cum- 
berland until discharged in 1865 ; in 
1878, was elected Overseer of the Poor 
and Township Trustee. Married Sarah 
Lichty, who was born in Kane Co., 111., 
in 1846. 

Coons, Jacob, Justice of the Peace. 

Cordell, Alfred, miller. 

CORWIN, C. W., Assistant Mar- 
shal and Notary Public ; was born in 
Tompkins Co., N. Y., in 1834; emi- 
grated to Lake Co., 111., in 1847, and 
to this county in 1857, settling in Fox 
Township. Manned Alice McStay in 
1860, who was born in Dundee ; they 
came to this city in 1864. Willard H. 
is their only child. 

Cornell, Wm., minister. 

Cottrell, W. A., Deputy Auditor. 

Couch, Carl F., attorney. 

CO WIN, E. F., attorney at law ; was 
born in Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 28, 
1847 ; received his education in his 
native city, and, after attending the 
Law School at Ann Arbor, Mich., he 
was admitted to the bar in Ohio Sept. 
6, 1869. Came to this county June 
28, 1870. 

Cox, G. W., painter. 

Craig, Wm., nlaster and stone mason. 

CRIPPE^, J. H., physician and 
surgeon ; was born in Decatur, Otsego 
Co., N. Y., April 9, 1850. Moved to 
Ithaca, Tompkins Co., N. Y.; com- 
menced the study of medicine with E. 
B. Nash, M. D., of Courtland, N. Y., 
and graduated at the Hahnemann Med- 
ical College in Philadelphia in 1872; 
commenced the practice of medicine in 
Ithaca, N. Y.; came to this county in 
Jan., 1874. Married Minnie M. Cling- 
man April 10, 1877 ; she was born in 
Greene Co., Wis., Jan. 5.1857. 

Crooker, Charles E., drayman. 

Crotty, L. R., livery. 

Crouse, D. F., physician. 

Crouse, D. W., physician. 

Crouse, Henry, physician. 

Crowley, I. R., prop. Key City Hotel. 

Crowther, W. A., Justice of the Peace. 

Cutler, D. A., short-hand reporter. 



CrTIiER, F. E., hardware; bora 
in Canada August 1, 1843. Married 
Hattie A. Lautenslager May 22, 1877 ; 
she was born in Niagara Co., N. Y., 
May 8, 1843. Emigrated to this 
country in 1850 ; settled in Niagara 
Co., N. Y., and, in 1866, came to this 
city ; commenced his business in 1872. 

Cutler, W. H., retired. 

Curry, W. H., laborer. 

Curtis, W. H., attorney. 

npvAHL, FRED., machinist. 

Daugherty, P. F., conductor, I. C. R. R. 

Davis, Joshua, blacksmith. 

Davis, Wm. H., blacksmith. 

Day, Sullivan, speculator. 

Deener, Samuel, mason. 

DEMMEL BRO^., meat market 
on Commercial St.; were born in Ger- 
many ; came to this country in 1866, 
settling in Pittsburgh, Penn., and then 
moved to Freeport, 111.; came to this 
city in 1873 ; they built, in 1876, a 
building 23x70, two stories high, fitting 
it up for their market ; it is regarded 
as the finest meat market west of Chi- 
cago. 

Deuel, Judson, I. C. R. R. 

Depew, Levi, painter. 

Dunsmonde, John F., I. C. R. R. 

Dobson, William, railroad yard master. 

Donavan, Daniel, I. C. R. R. 

Dorian, Peter, mason. 

Doxey, B. S., railroad man. 

Dubois, Uriah, cabinet maker. 

Duke, John C, miller. 

Dull, Josiah, carpenter. 

Dunham, A. G., carpenter. 

Dunham, M. L., carpenter. 

Dunwald, H. J., grocer. 

Durland, J. C., lime kiln. 

TnCK, LEONARD, grocer. 

Eddy, E. M. 

Eddy, Wm., physician. 

Edman, Thomas C, teamster. 

Edwards, A. J., clerk in Recorder's office. 

Edgington, W. W., Deputy SheriflF. 

Eggleston, A. M., merchant. 

Eggleston, Harry, machinist. 

Eickelberg, John, wagon maker. 

Ellis, Ebenezer, carpenter. 

Ellis, James, retired merchant. 

Elwell, Joseph C, attorney. 

Ercanbrack, S., tailor. 



466 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



EVAXS, J. P., dealer in staple and 
fancy groceries, tobacco and cipars, 
Fourth streeti West Side ; was born in 
Hillsboro Co., N. H., iMay 25, 1812 ; 
moved with his parents to Abbotts- 
ford, Lower Canada, in 1822 ; at 
the age of 21, emigrated to Berrien Co. 
Mich., and after two years' residence 
there, and in Edwardsburg, Cass Co., 
he married Eliza A. Bootli in 1838 ; 
she was born in Utica, N. Y. ; they came 
to Dubuque, Iowa, on Nov. 2, 1839, 
and to this city in 1861 ; served as 
Marshal of this city six years ; com- 
menced his present business in May, 
1877. Mrs. Adeline M., Mrs. Josephine 
Fuller, Mrs. Emma Lush and Frank 
H. are their children. 

Ewald, Wm., manufacturer of pop. 

TpARNSWORTH, E. W., laborer. 

FAXCHER, XELSON, grain 
dealer, warehouse at Burlington Depot; 
was born in Delaware Co., Ohio, June 
28, 1826; in the Fall of 1841, he came 
to Dubuque, and went to California in 
1850, but returned to this State, and 
settled in this city in 1853, and in the 
same year commenced keeping a general 
store in this city ; afterward, he was en- 
gaged in farming in Poyner Township, 
but in 1868 returned to this city and 
commenced his present business. Mar- 
ried Elizabeth Virden May 25, 1854 ; 
she was born in Edwards Co., 111., 
June, 1834. 

FARWELLi, C A,, insurance and 
real estate agent ; born in Benning- 
ton Co., Vt., Sept. 7, 1832; moved to 
Genesee Co., N. Y., with his parents in 
1837. and to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 
in 1850 ; after going to California, he 
came to this city in March, 1856, where 
he married Mary P. Evans Oct. 20, 
1860; she was born in New Orleans 
May 22, 1841. 

Faulkner, Wm., carpenter. 

Fay, Thomas, laborer. 

Fernbach, A., hotel proprietor. 

Fenstermaker, James, harness maker. 

Fenstermaker, S. W., machinist, 

Finnerty, Joseph, nurseryman. 

Flanagan, D. A., lime burner. 

Foote, D. W., County Auditor. 

Fountain, J. P., laborer. 

Fowler, C. F., nurseryman. 



Fowler, Gr. V., nursery. 
FOWI.ER, J. A., fruit dealer. 
Fowler, Ralph P., butter dealer. 

FOWLER BROS. & PLACE, 

manufacturers of cheese ; factory on West 
Side. Richard Place ; born in Herkimer 
Co., N. Y., in 1822. Married Sarah 
Talbot, who was born in Onondaga Co., 
N. Y. Mr. Place moved to Onondaga 
Co., where he resided until after mar- 
riage, when he went to Herkimer Co., N. 
Y. ; came to this county in the Spring 
of 1873, and took charge of the factory ; 
they made about 40,000 pounds the first 
year, and have increased to 175,0(10 
pounds. Greorge A., Dora A., Harris, 
Talbert and Fayette are their children. 

Frank, A. H., grain merchant. 

FRAl^K, itt., proprietor of the old 
reliable clothing house of Waterloo, 
Iowa ; he is the fashionable merchant 
tailor and clothier, and dealer in furnish- 
ing goods, hats and caps, trunks and 
valises. Commercial st. ; born in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, in 1848, and came to this 
county in 1865. Married Anna Beck 
in December, 1876 ; she was born in 
Dayton, Ohio, in 1855 ; they have one 
child — Jessie. Mr. Frank has gained an 
enviable reputation on account of having 
good goods for "one j9?7'ce." This was 
the fii"st clothing house in this city for 
some years after their opeoing in 1865. 

Freet, W. S., shoemaker. 

Frink, George D., conductor. 

Fuller, H. A., agricultural implements. 

Fuoss, Jacob, plasterer. 

/^ ABLE, 0., ticket agent, I. C. R. R. 

Galloway, Jos. C, attorney. 

Garbrant, Jacob, blacksmith. 

Garton, Richard, mini.ster. 

Gates, J. C, Clerk District Court. 

Geddes, D. H., marble factory. 

GEORGE, JAiriEl^ S., County 
Superintendent of Schools ; was born in 
Yorkshire, England, April 27, 1833; 
Mr. George, with his father, left En- 
gland in June, 1836, arriving in Rock- 
ford. 111., the following September ; he 
was educated at Jubilee College, Peoria, 
111., after which he went to Ottawa, 
111., in the Fall of 1851, teaching 
school, and where he married Mary J. 
Quirk May 8, 1861 ; she was born in 
Belvidere, N. J., Feb. 24, 1839 ; came 



WATERLOO CITY. 



467 



to this county in 1856. Elected on 
the Republican ticket for County Super- 
intendent. 

<iILBERT, a. W., dealer in dry 
ti'oods; born in Tioga Co., N. Y., July 
10, 1833. Married" Sarah M. Jenks, 
April 12, 1858, who was born in Worces- 
ter, Mass. P]migrated to Fort Dodge 
in the Fall of 1855 ; the following year, 
he went to Algona, Iowa, and in the 
Fall of 1857, went to Waverly, N. Y., 
where he married ; came to this city in 
in Aug., 1858. 

Oodard, H., engineer, I. C. R. R. 

Glover, John S., merchant. 

Goodman, A., machinist. 

Goodman, S., butcher. 

Goodrich, James H., insurance agent. 

Gould, D. R., engineer, I. C. R.^R. 

Gregg, J. W., mason. 

Groves, William, livery. 

>Gwynne, John A., merchant. 

Gwynne, J. B., furniture. 

Gwynue, Thomas, furniture. 

XT ACKER, FRED, machines. 

Hacker, James, hardware. 

Hacker, Joe, machines. 

Haifa, Daniel, carpenter. 

Haffa, J. W., carpenter. 

Hale, Enoch, carriage maker. 

Hall, F. F. 

Halstead, E. E. 

Hamilton, Wm., jeweler. 

Hammond, Wm., retired merchant. 

HANKIXSOX, J. W., represent- 
ing the Northwestern Life Insurance 
Co., of Milwaukee, Wis. ; office corner 
Sycamore and Fourth sts. ; was born in 
Montgomery Co., N. Y., May 17, 1820. 
Married Mary J. Mason, who was born 
in Dutchess Co., N. Y., April 1, 1828 ; 
moved to Canada West in 1836, and in 
the Fall of the same year, went to De- 
troit, Mich., coming to Rockford, 111., in 
1843 ; emigrated to this county in 1856, 
settling in this city ; was engaged here 
in the mercantile trade, but abandoned 
it in a few years for his present business, 
which he has followed sixteen years. 
Hattie J., born Dec. 27, 185-1, is their 
only child. 

Haner, S., cabinet maker. 

Hannon, Morris, smith. 

HARBIX, GEO. W. & CO., 

wholesale dealers in drugs, medicines, 



and retail books and stationery, Logan 
House Block, East Side. The senior 
partner was born in llipley Co., Ind., in 
1842 ; emigrated to Washington Co., 
Iowa, in 1858, where he enlisted in the 
24th Iowa V. I., in Aug., 1862, and 
honorably discharged in Aug., 1865 ; 
came to this city in 1869 ; com- 
menced his present business in this city 
in July, 1869, and has been a practical 
druggist since 1857, learning the busi- 
ness in Indiana. Married A. J. Sny- 
der in 1867 ; she was born in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, in 1841 ; their children are 
Charles, Willie, Jessie L. and Ella M. 
F. M. Robinson, the junior partner of 
the firm, was born in Wood Co., Ohio, 
March 15, 1852; came to this county 
in 1868. with his mother, and went into 
partnership with Mr. Harbin, about 
three months since. 

Harmon, A. W., railroad. 

Harper, M. C, engineer. 

Hartman, G., saloon. 

HARTMAN, WILLIAM H. 

There are but few newspaper men in the 
State, who have so long and faithfully 
occupied an editorial chair as has Will- 
iam H. Hartman, the founder and one of 
the present editors and proprietors ol 
the Waterloo Courier. He was born in 
Allentown, Penn., Aug. 27, 1838. 
When he was 2 years of age, his parents 
removed to Tiffin, Ohio, where he lived 
until he was 14 years old. Received 
what educational advantages the common 
schools of Ohio offered at that time. In 
1850, he came to Iowa with his parents, 
who located at Anamosa. Soon after 
they arrived in Iowa, 7%e Anamosa 
JVetos, the first paper ever published in 
Jones County, was established, and 
young William was employed as junior 
devil, rolling the first edition ever pub- 
lished in that county. He remained in 
that office several years, and then, start- 
ing on a tramp. He worked in Delhi, 
Dubuque, Tiffin (Ohio) and other places, 
arriving at Waterloo in March, 1858, 
finding employment for the first four or 
five months in the offices of the Iowa 
State Register and Waterloo Herald. 
He then went to Cedar Falls and at- 
tempted to instill new life into the Ban- 
ner., which had previously suspended. 
After working hard for several months 



468 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



he became convinced that it was not a 
paying institution, and, in company with 
George D. Ingersoll, purchased the 
oflSce, removed it to Waterloo, and Jan 
18, 1859, issued the first number of the 
Waterloo Courier, which after passing 
through many struggles in its early e x- 
istence, has now become one of the best 
paying newspaper offices in the interior 
of the State, and is blessed with a liberal 
and constantly increasing patronage. 
Politically, Mr. Hartman has always 
been an earni3st and able defender of the 
Republican party and its principles, per- 
sonally and through the columns of the 
Courier, lending material aid to the 
party in the county. In March, 1873, 
he was appointed and commissioned 
Postmaster at Waterloo, and has since 
performed the duties of that responsible 
office to the general satisfaction of the 
public, not excepting those on the East 
Side, who were bitterly opposed to his 
appointment. 

Hartnett, J., conductor, I. C. R. R. 

Harkong, N., policeman. 

Harvey, C. W., patent right dealer. 

Hay, D. G., grocery. 

Hay, I. M., clothing. 

Hatch, E. E., machinist. 

Hatch, H. D., bookkeeper. 

Hawkins, G., clerk hotel. 

Hawkins, G. H., clerk. 

Hayden, E. V., railroad. 

Hayes, B. D., carriage trimmer. 

Hayes, F. S., blacksmith. 

Hazleton, F., machinist. 

Hazlett, G. W., Sheriff. 

Heiserodt, A. M., Constable. 

Higgins, Freeman, carpenter. 

Hirsh, Henry, clerk. 

Hitchcock, Nelson, miller. 

HITT, E. R., manufacturer of bug- 
gies, on Commercial st. ; was born in 
Delaware Co., N. Y., in August, 1836 ; 
he went to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, where 
he learned his trade — that of blacksmith 
— and returned to Broome Co., N. Y., 
where he married Elizabeth Smith in 
September, 1855 ; she was born in 
Worcester, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1836 ; 
they went to Lake Co., Ohio, where Mr. 
Hitt was foreman of C. G. Whitman's 
manufactory for three years; and then 
Hamden, Geauga Co., Ohio, in 1861, 
where he was commissioned First Lieu- 



tenant of Co. B, 42d Ohio V. I. After 
his discharge from the service, he went 
to Hillsdale Co., Mich, and to this city 
in 1870, commencing his business two 
years last Fall. 

Hoff, George A., merchant. 

Hoff, J. E., merchant. 

Hoff', J. G., merchant. 

Hoff, Samuel, policeman. 

Holdiman, D., carpenter. 

Holderman, Wm., machinist. 

Holden, C. B., R. R. 

Holden, John 0., clerk I. C. R. R. 

Hollister, C. C, teamster. 

Hollister, J. J., street sprinkler. 

Holmes, Frank, laborer. 

Holzer, Albert, groceryman. 

Hooper, Joseph, machinist. 

Hoot, S. G., shoemaker. 

Hoover, B. H., laundryman. 

Hough, Daniel, merchant. 

HOWARD, GEORGE W., 

attorney at law and capitalist; was born 
in Maine, and after residing there about 
twenty-eight years, he emigrated to 
Chickasaw Co., Iowa, where he resided 
. until the late war, when he was com- 
missioned as Major of the 27th I. V. I. 
in 1862, and during the war was Act- 
ing Lieut.- Colonel, and during the 
last year took command of his 
regiment. After returning from the 
war, he came to this county, 
arriving in the Summer of 1866. 
He was admitted to the Bar in 
1854. His office is at the corner of 
Bridge and Commercial streets. 

Howe, C. K., traveling agent. 

HUME, DAXIEI. E., dealer in 
horses ; was born in Monroe Co., N.Y., 
Jan. 24, 1830 ; moved with parents to 
Orleans Co., N. Y., when 6 years old, 
and where he married Susan Smith on 
April 5, 1858; April 16, 1859, they 
came to this county, settling in Poyner 
Township ; they moved to this citv in, 
1873. 

Hummel, J. P., blacksmith. 

Hummel, R. , blacksmith. 

Hungerford, N. S., clerk. 

Hunt, L. S., machinist. 

Hurd, James, wheat buyer. 

Husted, James L., attorney. 

TILLINGW'ORTH, W. L., miller. 

Ischer, Fred., Jr., machinist. 



WATERLOO CITY. 



469- 



Israel, E. E., merchant. 
Israel, E. H., merchant. 
TACKSON, ALVIN, lumber merchant. 

Jackson, John, carpenter. 

Jackson, Wm., Sr., wagon maker. 

Jacoby, Peter, agricultural implements. 

Jenkins, Enoch, retired preacher. 

Jenney, H. W., Marshal. 

Johnson Emmons, banker. 

JOHNSTON, J.S.&CO., manu- 
fiicturers of plows, cultivators, harrows, 
and farming implements in general. 
The senior partner of the firm was born 
in England in 1832, and came to this 
country, settling in New York ; moved 
to this county from Eockford, 111., in 
Feb. 1878, commencing their business 
at that time. They have a small but 
well-regulated factory near the Illinois 
Central Railroad Depot. C. A. John- 
son is the junior partner. 

Johnston, W. S., butcher. 

Jones, C. P., bridge builder. 

Judd. W. B., physician. 

TT^EENAN, PATRICK. 

Kur, S. A., machinist. 

Kellogg, D. C, proprietor bus line. 

KELLOCi^G, T. ^,j proprietor of 
bus line ; was born in Vernon, Oneida 
Co., N. Y., in 1826 ; when very young, 
his parents moved to Rome, N. Y., 
where he resided for many years, and 
where he married the daughter of Jeph- 
tha Madison, of that place; they came 
to Dubuque in 1856, and to Cedar 
Falls, this county, where he was en- 
gaged in dry goods trade, and after 
selling this business, came to this 
city. 

Kelly, B., grocery. 

Kelsey, J. H., speculator. 

Kennedy, W. C, grain buyer. 

Ketchum, F. E., conductor, I. C. R. R. 

Kimble, Henry, teamster. 

Kimble, Jeremiah, teamster. 

Kinstler, B., merchant. 

Kistner, Frank, shoemaker. 

Kistner, Fred, shoemaker. 

Kleinsooge, A., grocer. 

KWOX, O. S., physician and surgeon ; 
office on Commercial St., over Snow- 
don's drug store ; was born in Bedford, 
Penn., in 1854 ; moved to Latrobe, 
Penn., in 1866, where he enlisted in 



Co. D, 55th Penn. V. I., in 1861, and 
was honorably discharged in 1863. 
Commenced the study of medicine in 
his native county, with Dr. Harry, and 
graduated in the University at Albany,. 
N. Y., in 1866 ; emigrated to Forreston, 
III, in 1867, and in May, 1869, came 
to Waterloo. Married Agnes Manson 
Nov. 12, 1872 ; she was born in Rome, 
N. Y., in 1852; Robert Manson and 
John Otho are their children. 

Kramer, Fritz, agricultural. 

Krapfel, J. W., Cashier 1st Nat'l. Bank. 

Kuhn, Jos. H., Justice of the Peace. 

T aBARRE, CHARLES, carpenter. 

LaBarre, John, laborer. 

Lampe, H., boot and shoe maker. 

Lane, Allen T., speculator. 

Lane, E. C, attorney. 

LiAXE, H. A., dealer in groceries 
and provisions, Pardee Block, Fourth st.,^ 
west side; was born in Belknap Co., N. 
H., in 1830. Married Harriet C. Ord- 
way in 1850; she was born in Hamp- 
stead, Rockingham Co., N. H. Emi- 
grated to Freeport, Stephenson Co., 111., 
m 1852, and returned to New Hamp- 
shire in Oct., 1854, and came to this city 
in Oct., 1857 ; comuienc<=d his present 
business in Chapin's Block in 1874, but 
came to his present location in 1876. 
Mrs. Ida Mitchel and Albert B. are his 
children. 

LAXE, WIl^IilAlfl, Justice of the 
the Peace ; was born in Bradford Co., 
Penn., Jan. 18, 1822. Married Sallie 
M. King in Aug., 1849; she was born 
in the State of New York, in 1819. They 
emigrated to this county in 1855, and 
moved to Grundy Co., this State, where 
they resided eight years, and then re- 
turned to this county. Has held the 
office of County Treasurer in Grundy 
Co., over four years ; elected Justice of 
the Peace in the city in 1871. Edgar 
C. and Hatde A. are his children. 

Lanning, J. M., Dr., physician. 

Lawless, P. J., machinist. 

liEAVITT, JOHN H., banker, 
and of the firm of Leavitt & Johnson ; 
born in Franklin Co., Mass., Oct. 11, 
1831 ; emigrated from his native county 
to this in Sept., 1854, first settling m 
this city. Married Caroline C. Ware 
Jan. 1, 1858, who was born in Putnam 



470 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Co., 111., Oct. 11, 1835. Mr. Leavitt 
commenced the banking business in this 
city in 1856. 

Lemper, P. P., tinner. 

Lester, R. S., shoemaker. 

IjIBBY, li., manager of the Grange 
store, and proprietor of the American 
House ; was born in Waldo Co., Me., 
April ] , 1837 ; moved to Hennepin Co., 
Minn., in 1858, and in the Spring of 
1870, came to this city, taking charge of 
the store in 1875. Married Missouri 
Boyer May 14, 1876 ; she was born in 
Pennsylvania ; John is their only son. 

Lichty, C. W., cabinet maker. 

Lichty, E. J., machinist. 

Lichty, Lewis, attorney at law. 

Lincoln, A., plasterer. 

Lindley, H., lumber merchant. 

Locke, John, printer. 

Logan, John, machinist. 

Long, John, machinist. 

lillDDEN, GAINK^, merchant 
tailor, East Side ; was born in Montgom- 
ery Co., N. Y., June 10, 1820; he 
moved to Onondaga Co., N. Y., in 1844. 
Married Emily Jane Barr Oct. 29, 
1851 ; she was born in Cayuga Co., N. 
Y., in 1830. After residing in Wayne 
'Co., N. Y., Cayuga and Oswego Counties, 
they emigrated to this county, settling 
in this city in Sept., 1877, where he 
commenced his present business Oct 1, 
1877. Harry Gr. is his only son. 

Lusch, A. T., lumberman. 

"cCABE, JOHN, merchant. 



M' 



IttcCORMICK, BERNARD, 

dealer in flour and feed. Fourth st. ; was 
born in Fulton Co., Penn., in 1829. Mar- 
ried Mary Masters in 1854; she was 
born in Fulton Co., Penn., in 1837; 
they emigrated from their native county 
to this city in 1855, where Mr. M. was 
first engaged in running a saw-mill, and 
after engaging in various kinds of busi- 
ness, commenced his present occupation 
a short time since. In 1862, he enlisted 
in 32d Iowa V. L, Company C, and was 
honorably discharged in 1865. John 
R., Mary, Emma and Addie are their 
children. 

McCullough, J., farmer, Sec 5. 

McDonald, Robert, painter. 

McGaffin, Robert, shoemaker. 

Mclntire, J. H., miller. 



McMurray, H. A., miller. 

McMurray, W. B., miller. 

McNeil, J. W., L C. R. R. 

McNeal, J., train despatcher, I. C. R. R. 

MACK, GEORGE J., physician 
and surgeon ; was born in Oakland Co., 
Mich., Oct. 7, 1850 ; commenced med- 
ical studios in Bellevue Hospital Med- 
ical College, New York, in 1870, and 
graduated in March, 1872. Emigrated 
to this county in 1868, settling in this 
city. Married, in Monticello, Iowa, 
Lillian A. Kimball, Sept. 16, 1872. 

Manning, W. L., laborer. 

Manson, Robert, retired. 

Manson, Robert M., clerk in bank. 

Martin, Henry, baker. 

Mason, George, money lender. 

Mason, J. W., machinist. 

Maynard, C. J., carpenter. 

Melendy, 0., teamster. 

Merricle, Amos, laborer. 

Merrill, O. L., painter. 

Merwin, E. S., machinist. 

Merwin, H. E., machinist. 

Merwin, J. E., machinist. 

Messick, John, broom maker. 

Messinger, E. J., retired farmer. 

MIDDI^EDITCH, AL.VA- 
RADO, physician and surgeon ; was 
born in Erie Co., N. Y., Feb. 8, 1829 ; in 
1844, he with his parents moved to 
Macomb Co., Mich. ; returning to his 
native county, he attended school four 
years, and commenced his medical 
studies with Dr. Barber, and in 1854 
attended Albany Medical College, where 
he graduated in May, 1856. Married 
Paulina Griflith Aug. 9, 1856 ; she w:is 
born in Danbury, Vt. ; they emigi*ated 
to this county in Sept., 1856; Florence 
G. and Herbert B. are their children. 

Miller, George, laundry. 

Miller, L. B., blacksmith. 

Miller, Louis, drayman. 

Miller, 0. C, attorney. 

Miller, Peter, drayman. 

Miner, John A., farmer. Sec. 36. 

Moran, T., Road Master. 

Morgadant, Chris., machinist. 

Moon. William, bookkeeper. 

nORRILL, A. W., of the firm of 
Morrill & Co., manufacturers of soap. 
East Side ; was born in Alexander, 
Grafton Co., N. H., Dec. 3, 1830; 
moved to Lowell, Mass., in 1851, and 



WATERLOO CITY 



471 



emigrated to Rockford, 111., in ISGl. 
Married Helleu M. Richardson Oct. 2, 
18G1 ; she was born in Antrim, N. H., 
in 1833. After manufacturing soap in 
Rockford until 1871, he sold out and 
came to this county, arriving Au- 
gust 6. 

Monill, C. F., merchant. 

MORRIS, WILLIAM €., jeweler ; 
was born in Oakland Co., Mich., Oct., 
1828 ; moved to Genesee Co., Mich., 
in 1842, and after two years' residence 
returned to his native county, where he 
served four years as an apprentice ; 
learning his trade, he moved to Ovid, 
N. Y., and to Penn Yan, where he was 
engaged in business in 1851. Return- 
ing to Michigan, he married Sarah 
Pratt Ded. 2(J, 1854 ; she was born in 
New York May 31, 1829; they came 
to this State, settling in Independence, 
Buchanan Co., in 1855 ; in the Winter 
of 1868 they came to this county, and 
settled in this city. 

Morrow, Richard, herder. 

MOTHER, JERRYS meat market, 
C"mmercial street ; was born in Steuben 
Co.. N. Y., May 5, 1827. Married 
Mary A. Sylvester May 3, 1-48 ; she 
was bora in Keene, N. A., Sept. 21, 
1831. They emigrated to Rockford, 
111., in 1856, and came to this city in 
1865, commencing his present business 
that year. Residence, East Side. 

Mullin, C. W., attorney. 

Ml'XGER, J. C dealer in sewing 
machines, pianos and organs ; was born 
in Dorchester, Canada West, May 16, 
1842. Married Elizabeth A. Jenkins 
Jan. 16, 1867 ; she was born in 
Whitbey, C. W., July 30, 1841. Emi- 
grated to Scott Co., Iowa, in 1851, and 
to this county in 1854, settling two 
miles west of this city ; came to Water- 
loo in 1867, and commenced his present 
business in 1872 ; handles Haines Bros'. 
of New York, pianos. Mason & Hamlin's, 
Boston, organs, and the Domestic sew- 
ing machines fi'om Newark, N. J.; 
keeps all kinds of .sewing machine at- 
tachments, and genuine needles for all 
kinds of machines. Mrs. Munger is a 
dressmaker, and has followed the busi- 
m ss all her life ; she now employs five 
girls. Isaac E. is their only child. 

Myer, Henry, lime burner. 



"ATTAUMAN, HENRY, lumberman. 

NAIJMAN, JOHIV, dealer in gro- 
ceries, Commercial St., opposite Central 
House; was born in Germany in 1831 ; 
came to this country, first settling in 
DetroitjMich., and the same year (1856), 
came to Waterloo, Iowa, working at 
the joiner and cabinet maker's trade ; 
commenced his present business three 
years ago. Married Catherine Betts, 
from Pennsylvania ; they have seven 
children. 

XEELY, FRANK, of the firm of 
Necly & Co., dealers in lumber, shingles 
and lath, sash, doors, blinds, moldings, 
etc., Fourth street, West Side; was 
born in Belvidere, Boone Co., 111., in 
1843 ; moved to Chicago in 1858, and 
in 1861, enlisted in Battery I, 1st 111. 
Artillery, and was honorably discharged in 
1865 ; the same year he came to Cedar 
Falls, and to this city in 1868 ; com- 
menced his present business with T. A. 
Cobb, in 1865. A. T. Lust bought out 
the latters interest in 1877. Mr. N. 
married Mary Sessions in February, 
1871 ; she was born in Warren, Mass., 
in 1845. Frank B. is their only child. 

Newton, Reuben, conductor. 

Nugent, Patrick, railroad. 

/^~\HLER, Adam, carpenter. 

O'Neal, Arthur, mason. 

ORDWAY, GEORCt^E, attorney 
at law, born in Strafford, N. H., Aug. 
1, 1829. Married Salone E. Fowler 
Oct. 6, 1852 ; she was born in Spring- 
field, 111., Aug. 22, 1833. Mr. Ordway 
moved to Springfield, 111., in 1843, and 
to this county on April 22, 1854; was 
admitted to the bar in Freeport, 111., 
Oct. 13, 1851, and said document was 
signed by Judge J. D. Caton, now of 
Ottawa, 111. 
I__)AGE, Alvah, fisherman. 

Palfreyman, John, machinist. 

Pardee, R. H., retired merchant. 

Park, J. L., liveryman. 

PARKHIIRST, C. J., wholesale 
and retail dealer in china, ciockery, glass, 
wooden and willow ware, silver ware and 
fine table cutlery ; also, Ohio stone ware, 
West Side ; was born in Chautauqua 
Co., N. Y., May 19, 1850 ; he came to 



472 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



this county, settling in this city, Jan. 1, 
1869, and has since been engaged in 
his present business on Commercial st. 
Married Mary Cluyeron May 13, 1874 ; 
she was born in Pennsylvania. 

PARROTT, ^.JIRTOX A 
^^HKRllAIV, job printers, manufac- 
turers of blank books, stationers, and 
publishers of the Jowa State Reporter, 
making a specialty of county oflBces sup- 
plies. East Side, Waterloo, Iowa ; the 
individual members are Matt Parrott, 
James L. Girton and James P. Sher- 
man. 

PARTRIDGE, MAYNARD, 
manufacturer and dealer in furniture of 
all kinds, opposite Logan House, East 
side ; was born in Templeton, Worcester 
Co., Mass., June 3, 1827 ; moved from 
native county to Lebanon, N. H., where 
he married Harriet Parker on Aug. 12, 
1851 ; she was born in Canada. Came 
to Baraboo, Wis., where he resided about 
four months ; after which he moved to 
Merrimack and Baraboo, Wis., and in 
June, 1869, settled in this city. Has 
been engaged in the manufacture and 
sale of furniture for many years. 

PATTERSOX, J. S., meat market, 
Fourth St., East Side ; born in Monroe 
Co., N. Y.,in 182-4; emigrated to Fair- 
field Co., Ohio, in 1838, and then to 
Highland Co., where he married Kathe- 
r.ne Wiley in 1843 ; she was born in 
Ross Co., Ohio, in 1820. Mr. P. went 
to California in 1853, and returned in 
1857; came to this county, settling in 
Jessup in 1871, and to this city in 
1873, commencing his present business 
in 1875. 

Pauling, John, tailor. 

Peepo, Henry, shoemaker. 

PEIFER, li. R., of the firm of 
Peifer & Calladay, dealers in hardware, 
on Commercial St.; was born in Berks 
Co., Penn., June 22, 1843; went to 
Lee Co., 111., in 1863, and after one 
year's residence, returned to Pennsylva- 
nia, where he married Lydia Depper in 
1865 ; she was born in Berks Co., Penn. 
They emigrated to this county in 1865, 
settling in Waterloo Tp., on Sec. 17 ; 
came to this city in 1864, and in June, 
1877, commenced his present business. 
Edward, aged 13, and Lizzie, 5 years 
old are their children. 



Perry, Wm., R. E. 

Phelps, E. S., dry goods. 

Pierce, C. W., speculator. 

PITCHER, S. W., meat market ; 
was born in Bradford Co., Penn., Dec. 
29, 1835. Married Susan Goodwin in 
Nov., 1857 ; she was born in Wayne 
Co., N. Y. Emigrated to this county, 
settling in this city in the Fall of 1865, 
and commenced his present business 
seven years ago. Eveline G. and Nattie 
are their children. 

Place, J. D., engineer, I. C. R. R. 

Place, T. W., machinist. 

Pol brook, John, stone cutter. 

Pollard, J. H., machinist. 

Pomeroy, A. T., P. 0. clerk. 

Ponsford. Joseph, carpenter. 

Pott, Peter, wagon maker. 

Powell, W. H., hotel proprietor. 

Powers, J. B.. District Attorney. 

PRATT, HE:NRY O., bom in 
Foxcroft, Maine, Feb. 11, 1838. Mar- 
ried Hala C. Woodward, in Charles 
City, Iowa, Oct. 21, 1865; she was 
born in Bloomington, Ind., Apnl 18, 
1844. He entered Bowdoin College, 
Maine, in 1859; in Sept., 1860, he 
came to Cambridge and studied in Har- 
vard Law School, and graduated in Jan.,. 
1 862 ; in March of that year, he came 
to Iowa, first settling in Nashua, but 
moved tu Mason City, Cerro Gordo Co., 
Iowa, where he enlisted in Company B, 
32d loAva V. I., but was discharged in 
1863. The Summer of 1863, he taught 
school in Worth Co., and in the Fall of 
1863, went to Charles City, Iowa, where 
he followed school teaching until 1864, 
when he commenced the practice of 
law, and in the Fall of 1869, was elected 
as a Representative in the State Legis- 
lature, and re-elected in the Fall of 
1871 ; at the general election in the 
Fall of 1872, was elected to Con^iress 
from the Fourth District, and re-elected. 
He was converted in Charles City, and 
on coming to Waterloo, was placed in 
charge of the Jefferson St. M. E. 
Church as a supply, which position he now 
holds. His children are Myrta H., Em- 
ma G., George W., Harry A. and Ralph. 

Preston, J. H. 

Pressey, E. H., grain dealer. 

T^AYMOND, E. A. 



WATERLOO CITY, 



473 



Reed, Martin, livery. 

Reed, Wm., blacksmith. 

BEE1> & BWiALOW, feed, board 
and sale stable, Cunimercial St. The 
lormer was born in Armstrong Co., 
Penn.. in 1821. Married Elizabeth 
Morrison, who died in this city. Again 
mairied Theda McGowen. After living 
iu Mercer Co., Penn., emigrated to 
Stephenson Co., 111., and then came to 
Cedar Falls, Iowa, iu 1870, and to this 
city in 1872. 

Remington, G. H., gunsmith. 

RICHARDS, WAL.TER 
OSCAR, born in Genesee Co., N. 
Y., jSov. 21, 182U, and was the sixth 
of a family of nine children, five of 
whom were boys and four girls. When 
AV alter was 8 years of age, his parents 
moved to Monroe Co., in the vicinity of 
Rochester, where they resided until 
iSo7, when they moved to Geauga Co., 
Ohio, in that portion of the State known 
as the " Western Reserve." Here his 
mother died, and that Winter, young 
Walter, when about 17 years of age, 
taught his first term of school ; he soon 
after went to Farmington Seminary, a 
branch of Oberlin College. x\t this insti- 
tution, he spent about three years, dur- 
ing a greater portion of which time he 
and John Patchen, now a prominent 
Congregational clergyman in the West- 
ern Reserve, roomed together in a log 
house, and boarded themselves. In 1841, 
he went to Oberlin College, entering the 
Freshman class ; he remained in this 
institution nearly three years, and was 
pursuing the studies of the Junior class 
when poor health compelled him to leave 
college; in 1845, he went to Branch 
Co., Mich., and spent about three years 
working on a farm with a brother and 
teaching school during the Winter 
months. In 1848, he went into the 
ofiice of Dr. James M. Teft, of Sturgis, 
for the purpose of studying medicine ; 
he remained here three years, and in the j 
Winter of 1850-51, attended one course 
of medical lectures at the Ann Arbor 
Medical College. In the Summer of 
1851, he was married to Miss Julia A. 
Bundy, of Ontario, La Grange Co., Ind., 
and they then went to Huntington in 
that State, where he obtained the prin- 
cipalship of tne Union School with Mrs. 



Richards in charge of the primary de- 
partment ; in 1852, he returned to 
Ontario and spent a year in the practice 
of medicine in partnership with Dr. Sar- 
gent ; in 1854, he returned to Ann Arbor 
and completed his medical studies ; in 
the Summer of 1855, they came to 
Waterlo(j, then a town of between 800 
and 400 inhabitants, and have remained 
here ever .•-ince ; since residing here, a 
son and daughter have been born. The 
son graduated in the class of 1876, at 
the State University of Iowa, and is now 
city editor Waterloo Courier. The 
daughter is still a student at that institu- 
tion. Dr. Richards has been a member 
of the Congregational Church for the 
past forty-seven years ; has always been 
a strong advocate of temperance and a 
member of several temperance organiza- 
tions. In poHtics, Dr. Richards is a 
Republican with Whig antecedents. 
While at Oberlin, he became thoroughly 
imbued with the Abolition sentiments of 
that school, and his first Presidential 
ballot was cast for J. G. Birney. Since 
his residence in Waterloo, he has been 
Coroner of Black Hawk Co. for nearly 
the entire time. He was one of the five 
original owners of the Cedar Mills after 
the death of Miles Spafibrd, and on the 
foundation of the Union Mill Company, 
one of the largest enterprises in the city, 
he was chosen a member of the Board of 
Directors, a position he has held ever 
since. He has never received any pecu- 
niary aid from his parents, and is indebted 
to his own industry for the measure of 
success to which he has attained. 

Rickert, Charles, painter. 

Rickert, Henry, painter. 

Rickert, H. F., painter. 

RICKER, H., of the firm of Ricker 
& Lindley, dealers in lumber, lath, sash, 
doors, blinds, etc. ; was born in Waldo, 
Maine in 1837; went to CaHfornia in 
in 1858, and returned to Boston, Mass., 
in 1865. Came to this county in 1870, 
where he married Jennie Congar, in 
1873 ; she was born in Dubuque, Iowa, 
on Dec. 12, 1857. Mr. Ricker was en- 
gaged in dry goods trade for several 
years, and commenced his present busi- 
ness in 1874. 

RIDER, J. Q, A., hardware, Commer- 
cial street ; was born in Orange Co., 



474 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Vt., May 21, 1829. Married Marga- 
ret C. Grant iu 185-4 ; she was born in 
Connecticut; emigrated to Grundy Co., 
111., where he was married, and came to 
this county in February, 1874, com- 
mencing his present business. Loren, 
Dwight and Nellie, the first aged 20, 
the second 18 and third 14 years, are 
his children. 

Rider, S. G., retired merchant. 

Rife, Peter, machinist. 

Riley, Thomas, Lecture agent. 

Roberts, G. F., Dr., physician. 

Roberts, Humphrey T., carpenter. 

Rober.son, F. W., druggist. 

^lobinson, G. H., boots and shoes. 

RO BOSON, WILI.IAM S., 

fouiulvy and machine shop, manufact- 
urer of farmers' boilers, cook stoves, 
heating stoves, corn shellers, and all 
kinds of castings, repair shop for ma- 
chinery. Commercial street. West Side ; 
was born in Cheshire Co., N. H., March 
22, 1834 ; learning his trade in Boston, 
and after speuding one year on the lake, 
he came to this county in October, 
1855, settliny,' in this city. Married 
Sarah Bunnell in June 1877 ; she was 
born in Lake Co., Ohio, in June, 1833. 

Robson, Andrew, mason. 

Roby, David, engineer. 

Roby, Robert, engineer. 

Rodifer, G. W., carpenter. 

Roe, Charles E., miller. 

ROEBUCK, €. A., dealer in con- 
fectionery, fruits, nuts, cigars, ice cream, 
etc., East Side ; was boru in Canada, 
and came with parents to this city in 
1867 ; has worked at his trade, that of 
stone mason, until commencing his 
present business on May 10, 1878. 

Roebuck, Nathan, plasterer. 

Rose, T. A., dentist. 

Rosgen, Adam, harness maker. 

Roseen, H., harness maker. 

REXSJSELAER, RUSSEL.L, 
wholesale and retail dealer in groceries, 
on Commercial st. ; was born in Otsego 
Co., N. Y., June 18, 1828. Married 
Caroline M. Richards Jan. 12, 1853 ; 
she was born in Paris, Oneida Co., 
N. Y. 

O ARGENT, CHAS. G. 

Saunders, A., clerk. 
Saunders, H. H., collector. 



SEAMAX, B. K., dealer in books 
and stationery, fancy goods, pictures and 
picture frames. East Side ; was born in 
Essex Co., N. Y., Oct. 3, 1807. Mar- 
ried Charlotte H. Mead July 7, 1829 ; 
she was born in Warren Co., N. Y., 
^ov. 25, 1807. Mr. S. commenced life 
as Steward in Troy Conference Academy, 
of West Poultney, Vt., and graduated 
at the State Normal School, of New 
York, in 1844, and was afterward Prin- 
cipal of Model Department ; moved to 
Clintonville, N. Y., where he was en- 
gaged in teaching and mercantile trade, 
but after nine years' residence moved to 
Appleton, Wis., purchasing an interest 
in a flouring-mill ; came to this county 
in 1869, and for several years was Prin- 
cipal of public schools in this city. They 
have two children living — F. D. Sea- 
man, at Alma City, Minn., and Mrs. C. 
G. Moak, whose husband is a merchant 
in Sun Prairie, Wis. ; Mead H. died in 
Andersonville prison during our late 
war. 

Seeman, Charles M., machinist. 

Sellers, George, machinist. 

Shannon, T. F., engineer. 

Sharpless, Lewis M. 

SHAW, SAMrEL D., retired ; 
was born in Rutland Co., Vt., April 19, 
1811 ; emigrated to St. Louis, Mo., in 
1831, and after eight years moved to 
Licking Co., Ohio, where he married 
Elizabeth Stoughton July 16, 1840 •, 
she was born in Greenville, Licking Co., 
Ohio, Sept. 30, 1819, and they came to 
this county in 1852, settling iu Orange 
Tp., on Sec. 1. Elected Judge of the 
County Court in 1862, and moved to 
this city. 

Sheever, Nick, blacksmith. 

SHIEL.IAM, SAMIIEL, livery, 
sale and feed stable ; also dealer in live 
stock ; was born in Mineral Point, Wis., 
April 9, 1845 ; moved to Hazel Green, 
Wis., when quite young, with parents, 
where he married Mary H. Bates Dec. 
11, 1867 ; she was born in Vinegar 
Hill, Jo Daviess Co., 111., in May, 
1850 ; in December, 1869, came to this 
city, where he has been identified as one 
of the live stock shippers of the city. 

Shirland, C. R., harness maker. 

SHO0>K & WAI.KER, dealers in 
groceries, East Side. Daniel Shook was 



WATERLOO CITY. 



475^ 



born in Coshocton Co., Ohio, Jan. 19, 
1845, and came to this county in the 
Spring of 1869 ; commenced business in 
1870. C. Gardner Walker was born in 
Belvidere, Boone Co., 111., Maj 11, 
1849, and came to this county in the 
Sprins of 1871 ; went into the firm in 
1873."^ 

Shutts, Harvey, druggist. 

Siberling, P. J., retired merchant. 

Sill, H.W., retired. 

Sindlinger, Wm. M., confectioner. 

Sine, Edward, carpenter. 

Sine, John, carpenter. 

Sine, S. G., auctioneer. 

Singer, Charles, mad agent. 

Simmons, Charles, hotel. 

SIIIMOXS, GEORGE W., pro- 
prietor of the New York House ; was 
born in Steuben Co., N. Y., Oct. 29, 
1816. Married Deborah Fulkerson 
Nov. 23, 1839 , she was born in Yates 
Co., N. Y., June 9, 1816; Mr. S. 
moved to Yates Co., N. Y., where he 
married, and then in 1843, emigrated to 
Calhoun Co., Mich., and then came in 
1854, to this county, settling in this 
city, and building a portion of his pres- 
ent house twenty years ago ; has kept it 
as a hotel for eleven years. 

Skillman, Thos. B., baggageman. 

Slade, Geo. W., cracker factory. 

Slade, S. V. R., furniture dealer. 

Smith, Harvey, coal dealer. 

Smith, H. D., miller. 

SlIITH, J. H., general store, Fourth 
street; born in Cortland Co., N. Y., 
in 1831. Married Martha Jacobs in 
1858, who was born in Pennsylvania in 
1843 ; they emigrated to this county in 
the Fall of 1853, first settHng on Sec. 
17, in Barclay Tp.; came to this city in 
1867, and commenced his present busi- 
nes in 1873. Grant is their only living 
child; John C. died at the age of 19 
years, and Freddie, when ten months 
old. 

Smith, John, grocer. 

SXYDER, ADAM, dealer in boot, 
and shoes, repairing of all kinds ; East 
Side; was born in Germany in 1830; 
emigrated to this country in 1851, set- 
tling in New York City in 1852 ; he 
went to Canada, and in Oct., 1855, came 
to Dubuque, Iowa, and came to this 
county in 1866, settling in this city. 



Married Sarah Seiftbrt July 17, 1858 ; 
she was born in \"erniont ; Frank is their 
only bon. 

Snyder, Daniel, carpenter. 

SNOWDEX, WIEIilAII, dealer 
in dugs, medicines, paints, oils, glass, 
dye stuffs, etc.; was born in Pitts- 
burgh, Penn., Feb. 8, 1834; emi- 
grated to Ogle Co., 111., in March, 1856, 
and came to this city in July, 1860, 
where he maiTied Delia M. Evans Aug. 
6, 1863 ; she was born in Edwardsburg, 
Mich. Mr. Snowden commenced busi- 
ness on his arrival in this county, and is 
one of the pioneer business men. 

Speicher, Ephraim, clerk. 

Stackpole, J. H., laborer. 

ST AXLO, DANIEL D., general 
store. East Side ; born in Orange Co., N. 
Y., Aug. 28, 1826. Married Sarah A. 
Green Feb. 8, 1851 ; she was born in 
Sullivan Co., N. Y., June 30, 1831 ; 
emigrated to Stephenson Co., 111., in 
December, 1855, and to this county 
June 1, 1860; Mrs. Mary A. Boyd, 
Kate 0. and Orissa are his children. 

Stanton, D. B., merchant. 

Stanton, Nath., machinist, I. C. R. R. 

Starr, George M. 

Starr, James, gardener. 

Stearns, E., engineer, I. C. R. R. 

Stearns, John M. 

Steed, W. T., nurseryman. 

STEI^MAYER, C. A., dealer in 
groceries, crockery and glassware. Com- 
mercial St.; was born in Germany in 
1835. Married Sarah B. Bence. Em- 
igrated to this country in 1854, settling 
in Stark Co., Ohio, and then to Wau- 
kesha Co., Wis. Enlisted in the 2d 
Wis. Lt. Art. in 1863, and was honor- 
ably discharged in 1865, and in August 
of the same year he came to this city. 
Commenced his present business in 
1869. 

Stevens, John M., retired merchant. 

Stevens, Reuben, retired merchant. 

Stewart, Benj., blacksmith. 

Stilson, C. B., Recorder. 

STOET, C. F., dealer in boots and 
shoes, Commercial st.; was born in Ger- 
many in 1824. Married Mary Wiegh- 
low in 1869. He emigrated to America 
in 1856; first settled in Williamsburg, 
N. Y., then moved to Milwaukee and 
Madison, Wis., then to Dubuque and 



476 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



Dunleith, and in 1866 came to this 

county. 
Strayer, Wm., brick yard. 
Stromgreen, S. R., machinist. 
Sullivan, James, gardener. 
Sulzer, R. F., machinist. 
Sweeney, J. K., Principal of school. 
Sweet, Richard, barber. 
Sweet, Samuel J., prop. Commercial Hotel. 
Sweet, Thomas, laborer. 
Switzer, John N., carpenter. 

^ARDY, N. C., harness maker. 



T 



Taylor, M. W., blacksmith. 
Thee, John, groceries. 
Thomas, A. B., barber. 

Thonips<in. Allei', merchant. 

TH03IPS0N, AXDREW,of the 
firm of Thompson Bros., dealers in dry 
goods, boots and shoes and general 
stock. Fourth street ; was born in 
Canton, N. J., March 30, 1830. He 
married Elizabeth Goldsworth ; she was 
born in Cornwall, England. Mr. T. 
moved to Galena when quite young, 
and at the age of 1 6 he went to Wiscon- 
sin, and to Bristol, Conn. ; from there 
to this county in 1862, settling in this 
city. 

'Thompson, John, merchant miller. 

Thuiinison, J., ice merchant. 

Titcomb, R. D., carpenter. 

TOWNSEXD, A. F., insurance 
and collecting agency ; born in Phila- 
delphia, Penn., May 9, 1834. After 
attending public school, he entered as a 
student at Dickinson College, of Carlisle, 
Penn., where he graduated in 1856, and 
emigrated to Dubuque the same year, 
taking charge of and organizing their 
present school system in that city ; he 
was afterward Principal of the High 
School in Galena, 111. After drifting 
around for a while on account of his 
health, he came to Manchester, Iowa, 
and to this county in 1869 ; was elected 
County Superintendent of Schools in 
1 873. Married Sarah P. Burn in 1 860, 
who was born in Philadelphia, Penn.; 
they have one child — Sarah. 

Turner, Isaap, retired. 

Turner, 0. F., machinist. 

Turjtening, S. P., painter. 

"AN BUREN, H., laborer. 



y 



Van Duyn, C. W., jeweler. 



Van Duyn, V. S., jeweler. 

Vaughn, R., Jr., laborer. 

Virden, George, livery stable. 

VIRDEX, JAMES, Hvery stable ; 
was born in Monroe Co., Ky., Feb. 22, 
1823 ; moved to Wayne Co., Ill, in 
1832, and from there to this county, ar- 
riving in June 1, 1846, settling in this 
city, and built the first house in Water- 
loo Tp. Married Charlotte Pratt Feb. 
27, 1851 ; she was born in Pennsylva- 
nia. This was the first marriage in this 
county. 

Voorhees, M. H., boots and shoes. 

TX-rAINRIGHT, C, machinist. 

WALKER, LAFAYETTE, 

Supervisor of Highways ; born in Dela- 
ware Co., N. Y., Aug. 26, 1824. Mar- 
ried E. Edwards in 1847 ; she was born 
in Broome Co., N. Y., Sept. 14, 1824. 
Emigrated to Martinsburg, Bremer 
Co., Iowa, in 1856, and came to this 
city in Sept., 1860 ; was first engaged 
in meat market; afterward, went into 
the lumber trade, which he followed ten 
years. E. B. and Edna are their chil- 
dren. 
WANGLER BROS., dealers in 
drugs, books, stationery, paints, oils, 
etc., Logan House Block. C. D. Wang- 
ler, the senior partner, was born in 
Germany, Jan. 8, 1851 ; came to Cedar 
Falls, this county, in Dec, 1866, and 
March 23, 1868, settled in Waterloo, 
but returned to Cedar Falls in 1869 ; 
after going to Waverly in 1871, to this 
city in 1872, and then to Fort Wayne, 
Ind., in 1873, and to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
in 1874, he came to this city Jan. 1, 
1878, buying his present business. Mar- 
ried Katie Landgraf May 5, 1878; she 
was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in Feb., 
1853. Graduated at College in Cincin- 
nati in 1876. R. C. Wangler was born 
in Baden, Germany, Aug. 6, 1854; 
came to this county in March, 1870, 
to Cedar Falls, April 1, 1870, and to 
this city May 28, 1872; in August of 
the following year, returned to Cedar 
Falls; Sept. 23, 1875, he moved to Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, where he graduated at 
college in 1877, and came to this city 
Feb. 1, 1878. 

Ward, John, gardener. 

Warlich, Charles, grocer. 



WATERLOO CITY. 



477 



Watkins, Joseph, carpenter. 

Watkins, Joseph, Jr., hardware. 

Watkins, Wm., teamster. 

Watson, Joseph, laborer. 

Watson, G. H., conductor, T. C. R. R. 

WEATHERWAX, A. THEO- 
DORE, dealer in groceries and crock- 
ery ; was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., 
July 4, 1831 ; moved in 1840 to Mon- 
roe Co., N. Y., and to Niagara Co. in 
1844, where he married Martha E. Al- 
bright Oct. 20, 1853 ; she was born in 
Niagara Co., N. Y., in Dec, 1831 ; 
came to this county in Nov., 1866, and 
commenced business on Dec. 1, 1866. 

Weatherwax, H. E., merchant. 

Weaver, Daniel, grocery merchant. 

Weaver, J. D., merchant tailor. 

WEIS, KASPER, dealer in dry 
goods, clothing, hats, caps and furnish- 
ing goods. Commercial st.; was born in 
Germany in 1844; emigrated to Amer- 
ica in 1860, settling in Goodhue Co., 
Minn.; came to this county in 1871, 
commencing his business at that time. 

Wells, Sanford, carpenter. 

Welsh, W. J. 

Westphal, J. C, engineer,!. C. R. R. 

Wheeler, John, engineer, I. C. R. R. 

White, C. K., vet. surgeon. 

White, Fred., harness maker. 

WHITAKER, R. A., Grand Re- 
corder of Iowa A. 0. U. W.; was born 
in Oneida Co., N. Y., Aug. 26, 1828 ; 
moved to Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1836 
with his parents, and came to this city 
in Nov., 1855. Married Mary E. Clark 
Sept. 17, 1856, who was born in Le 
Roy, N. Y., April 17, 1832. Mr. 
Whitaker has held the office of County 
Treasurer of this county for eight years, 
and was the first Mayor of the city, be- 
ing elected July 21, 1868 ; elected to 
his present Masonic position in Feb., 
1878. Ardelle G. is his only daughter. 

Whitney, W. T., liveryman. 

Wichman, C. F., machinist. 



Widman, Con., machinist. 

Widman, William, machinist. 

Wiley, Tobias, saloon. 

Wilier, Zack., carpenter. 

Williams, S. B., physician. 

Williams, Henry D., Central House. 

Williams John H., prop. Central House. 

Wilson, Norman, drayman. 

Winnie, Frank, blacksmith. 

Wood, W. J., engineer, I. C. R. R. 

Woodford, A. R., printer. 

Wooley, J. N., sewing machine agent. 

Worcester, W. K., painter. 

VkRIUHT, MAITEAND, with 
Parrot, Girton & Sherman ; was born 
in Picton, Canada, April 2, 1828, and 
mai-ried Eleanor Nugent Feb, 14, 1849 ; 
she was born in Picton, Jan. 5, 1830 ; 
after marriage, he emigrated to Belmont, 
Canada, where he resided until 1865. 
when he moved to London, Canada, and 
in 1867, came to this county and settled 
in this city, where he has since made it 
his home ; they have four children liv- 
ing — Thomas D., Emma A. ( first daugh- 
ter, who received her early education in 
one of the public schools of this city, 
from which time she has ever taken an 
active interest in the cause of education, 
and has been a successful teacher in 
different village schools since 1874 ; in 
September, 1867, she commenced teach- 
ing in the branch of the high school, 
in which position she is still occupied, 
and is regarded as a thorough and effi- 
cient officer), Phoebe J. (second daugh- 
ter ; has attained a thorough musical edu- 
cation, and numbers among the finest vo- 
calists in the city), May E., (youngest 
daughter, also advancing to the attain- 
ment of educational qualifications). To 
this group the writer is greatly indebted 
for much valuable information, extended 
courtesy and hospitality during his stay. 

^y^ATES, D. S., mason. 



478 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



WATERLOO 

(P. 0. \VA 

A DAMS, E., farmer, Sec. 18. 

Adams, J. S., farmer, Sec. 18. 
Aikin, E. S., farmer, S. 17. 

ATCHESOX, CHARLKS, 

farmer, Sec. 7 ; born in Somerset Co., 
Penn., in 1821. Married Mary A. Shoe- 
maker in 1844 ; she was born in same 
county in 1823; came to this county 
July 4, 1867, and settled in Waterloo 
village and has since made this county 
his home; moved on the present farm 
he now occupies, of 192 acres, in 1877 ; 
Catherine, Norman and Benjamin are 
the living children ; lost two children — 
John H., who enlisted in March, 1864, 
in Indiana, and contracted diseases from 
which he died at Dallas, Ga., Feb. 6, 
1865 ; last child died in infancy. 
»IIIGGS, Z. N., farmer. Sec. 2. 



B' 



BEER|i$, Yk'HITXEY, farmer. Sec. 
19 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Canada 
in 1822. Married Triphena Creppen in 
January, 1843 ; she was born in Cana- 
da in 1827 ; have two children — George 
S. and Henry J. ; came to this State in 
1869 and settled in Independence, and 
in 1870 moved to Parkersburg, this 
State, where he remained until 1877, 
when he come to this county and settled 
on his present place of forty acres, 
valued at $1,200. 

BIJTTERFIEI.D, E. S., former. 
Sec. 31 ; born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., 
June 11, 1825. Married Mohalia Hil- 
born in 1852 ; she was born in Fayette 
Co., Penn, in 1831 ; they have eleven 
children — Isabel J., Martha A., Loena, 
Caroline, James S., Alice, Martha, 
Franklin, William, George, and Freddie 
C. Came to this county in October, 
1863, and settled on his present estate 
of 220 acres, valued at S35 per acre. 

/~^AD1^, J. F., nurseryman, Sec. 5. 

Carpenter, S. B., farmer, See. 35. 
CASE, FREDERICK W., 

farmer, Sec. 34; born in Hartford Co., 
Conn., in 1834. Married Emma Dewitt 
in 1856 ; she was born in Delaware Co., 
Ohio, in 1837 ; have lour children liv- 
ing — Alta, Addie, Mary and Nettie ; 



TOWNSHIP. 

TERLOO.) 

came to this county same year of mar- 
riage and settled on the farm adjoining 
his present estate where he lived until 
1877, when he moved on the farm he 
now owns, consisting of 280 acres, 
valued at $50 per acre. This family are 
among the early settlers of this county. 

CARR, JAMES I., farmer, S. 23 ; 
born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., in 
183G ; came to this county in 1857, and 
settled in Waterloo Village, where he 
lived until 1860, in which year he was 
married to Elizabeth S. Hill ; she was 
born in Massachusetts in 1840. In 1860, 
he moved to Windsor, Fayette Co., 
where he lived until 1865 ; return- 
ing, settled on his present estate, con- 
sisting of 133 J acres, valued at $50 per 
acre. Are members of the Congrega^ 
tional Church. Was Assessor four 
years, and is Secretary of the independ- 
ent school district of Pleasant Hill, and 
Town Trustee. Minnie and Willie are 
their children. 

CI.EMMENS, WILEIAM, farm- 
er. Sec. 22 ; born in England in 1827. 
Married Mary Eason in 1852 ; she was 
born in the same place in 1 829 ; have 
seven children — William, Mary A., 
George, Charles, John, Thomas and 
Frank ; lost three children — Elizabeth, 
James and one that died in infancy, 
came to this country in 1850, and first 
settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he re- 
mained until 1870, when he came to the 
city of Waterloo, and in February, 1877, 
settled on his present farm, consisting of 
forty acres, valued at $40 per acre. Are 
members of the Baptist Church. 

COO]«, HARMON, farmer. Sec. 33 ; 
born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1821. 
Married Sarah J. Knapp in 1851 ; she 
was born in same county in 1835 ; have 
three children living — Emma J., Mary 
F. and Dolly A. ; lost one child — Charles 
H. Came to this county in 1869, and 
settled io Lincoln Tp., where he resided 
until 1874, when he moved to Waterloo 
Village, and in 1876 settled on his 
prestut estate, consisting of forty-two 
acres, valued at $1,200. 

COX, SIXVANUS B., farmer, 
Sec. 17 ; born in Onondaga Co., N. Y.^ 



WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 



479 



in 1816. Married Sallie M. Bement in 
1840 ; she was horn in Cayuga Co., N. 
Y.J in 1820 ; they have four children 
living — Grove B., Acton M., Susan S. 
and Josephine A. ; lost two children — 
Acton M. (1st) and Mary. Came to 
this county in 1855, and entered eighty 
acres in this township and lived until 
. 1865, when he moved to his present 
place of twenty acres, valued at $40 per 
acre ; is one of the early settlers of this 
town and county. 

ANIEL, H., far., S. 22. 



D 



Downing, John, far.. S. 21. 
Downing, L., far., S. 21. 
Downing, S. L., far. S. 21. 

FILKINS, T. H., far., S. 12. 
Fisher, Frank, far., S. 28. 

FISHER, W. VV., farmer, Sec. 34 ; 
born in Lake Co., Ohio, in 1840. Mar- 
ried Sarah A. Peek in 1861 ; she was 
born in the same county in 1843 ; have 
five children — Jennie T., Alice, Eva E., 
Gracie and Nellie. Came to this county 
in 1871, and settled near his present 
place, where he lived until 1875, when 
he moved to Waterloo and engaged in 
commission business until the Spring of 
1878, when he moved on his present 
estate, consisting of eighty acres, valued 
at $3,000. Member" of Masonic fra- 
ternity. 

r^ LOVER, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 29. 

<i}EORGE, JOHN S., farmer, S. 
21 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Marshall 
Co., 111., Oct. 26, 1840. Married Susan 
Cox Sept. 2, 1872 ; she was born in 
Kane Co., 111., Dec. 10, 1853 ; have two 
children — Walter and Lewis. Came to 
this State with his parents in 1856, and 
settled in Benton Co., where he enlisted 
in the 32d I. V. L, Co. D, July 6, 1862 ; 
participated in the battles of Vicksburg, 
Lookout Mountain and Atlanta, and 
was with Shei'man on his march to the 
sea ; was honorably discharged in July, 
1865, when he came to this county, and 
in 1872, settled on his present estate, 
valued at $1,000. 

(,}EORGE, PATRICK, deceased, 
Sec. 21 ; born in Essex Co., Mass., in 
April, 1804. Married Elizabeth Miller 
in 1855 ; she was born in Virginia, Oct. 
8, 1S17; have two children — Phebe, 



born Dec. 11, 1856, and Mattie, born 
Aug. 4, 1860 ; came to this State and 
settled in Benton Co. in 1856; where 
they lived until 1866, when they came 
to this county and settled in the city of 
Waterloo, and in 1871, settled on their 
present farm, valued at $1,000 ; Mr. 
George died May 26, 1878 and was be- 
loved by all who knew him. 
Glover, James, flirmer, Sec. 20. 

ARRIS, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 28. 



H 



HAKNA, 0E0RC;E W., farmer, 
Sec. 20; born in White Co., 111., Nov. 
20, 1817. Married Mary Melrose in 
1837 ; she was born in Edwards Co., in 
1821 ; have seven children living — John 
K.jEmehne, George, Robert W^, PhiUp, 
Mary and Edith M.; lost two children 
James N., who died Oct. 18, 1845, it 
being the first death of a white person 
in Black Hawk Co.; the second died in 
infancy. Came to this county in July, 
1845, and settled near his present farm, 
where he erected a small cabin on the 
southeast corner of Section 20, the 
relics of which are still to be seen ; was 
the first permanent white settler in this 
county ; and from Jan., 1845, to Septem- 
ber of the same year was, the only white 
settler living in the county, and Mrs. 
Hanna was the first white woman that 
ever crossed the Cedar River at Water- 
loo. Was the first Justice of the Peace 
elected in this county, and served in 
that capacity five terms ; the family are 
members ot the Free Methodist Church. 
Have 95 acres of land, valued at $75 per 
acre. 

HIEL., ELIM, farmer, S. 33 ; born in 
Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1817. Married 
Jane A. Dewey in 1836 ; she was born 
in Pittsfield, Mass., in 1819, and died 
June 4, 1856 ; they had three children 
—Sarah E., Paulina M. and James D. ; 
his present wife Marietta Williams, 
was born in New York State in 1832 ; 
they were married in 1858, and have 
three children — Charles, Ada and Eddie. 
He came to this county in the Fall of 
1855, and resided in Waterloo village 
the Winter of that year, when he moved 
on his present estate, consisting of 200 
acres of land, valued at $50 per acre; 
is among the early settlers of this town 
and county. 



480 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



Hunt, C. P., nurseryman, Sec. 3. 
Huntington, H., far., Sec. 3. 
"TENNINGS, CHARLES, far.. Sec. 22. 

TT^IRKWOOD, T. J., far., Sec. 21. 

KNAPP, MARQUIS L., farmer, 
Sec. 20 ; burn in Stockton, N. Y., 
in 1829. Married Mary Streeter in 
18.52 ; she was born in N. Y. State in 
]S32, and died in 1804; they had five 
children — Martha J., Nettie, Benjamin 
F., Lucinda and Loui,sa ; his present 
wife, Mary A. Wells, was born in N. Y. 
State in 1829, and have four children — 
Lilly, Katie, Giles and Ruth. Came to 
this county in the Fall of 1850, and 
settled in Washington Township, where 
he entered 280 acres of land, where he 
remained until 1865, when he moved to 
Cedar Falls and engaged in grain busi- 
ness and stock buying, and continued in 
this capacity until 1869, when he settled 
on his present estate of 285 acres, valued 
at $40 per acre. Are members of the 
Baptist Church. To his father, Benja- 
min, belongs the honor of naming the 
towns of Washington and Mt. Vernon, 
he being one of the earliest settlers. 

Knapp, Solomon, fir.. Sec. 7. 

LAXSING, E. D., farmer. Sec. 
31 ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 
1831, and first settled in Minneapolis, 
Minn., in 1856, where he lived until 
1865 ; in which year he married Sarilda 
Ludlam ; she was born in Ohio, in 1833. 
In 1875, he came to this county after a 
residence of eight years in Peoria, 111., 
and settled on the farm he now occupies, 
of eighty acres. Cornelia, Carlos, Grace, 
Harry and Adelaide are his children. 
liATHROP, SARAH J., nursery. 
Sec. 26 ; widow of Lucian Lathrop, who 
was born in Connecticut in 1829; her 
maiden name was Sarah J. Hagerty; 
she was born in Utica, N. Y., in 1827, 
and they were married in July, 1854, 
and in 1863, settled in Waterloo City, 
where they resided until 1868, when 
they moved on their present estate, con- 
sisting of ten acres, valued at $3,000 ; 
their living children are Susan, Mary 
and Charles F., who married Cora Hill, 
and have one child — Perley. 

cCULLIAN, PATRICK, farm- 



McCulian, William, farmer. Sec. 30. 
McDowell, S. D., far., Sec. 21. 
McDowell, S. E., far.. Sec. 8. 
Merwin, J. H. W., far.. Sec. 28. 
Morris, William P., fivr., 32. 
Myers, J. B., far., Sec. 34. 

lALMER. STEPHEN, far., Sec. 36. 



P 



M' 



PARKER, F. H., farmer. Sec. 20 ; 
born in Canada in 1854, and came to 
this county in 1865, with his parents, 
who settled near his present home, and 
where he lived until 1876, when he 
married Mattie S. Knapp ; she was born 
in this comity in 1854; settled on his 
present farm in 1878; farm consists of 
eighty acres, valued at $2,000. 

PARKER, liEVI, farmer. Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Berkshire 
Co., Conn., in 1814. Married Mary 
Rogers in 1841 ; she was born in 
Cayuga Co., N. Y., in 1816 ; they have 
lost two children — Samuel M. and one 
that died in infancy. Came to this 
county in Jan., 1866, and settled in 
Cedar Falls, where he worked at his 
trade, being a carpenter; in 1S67, he 
purchased his present farm, consisting 
of forty-two acres, valued at $40 per 
acre, and settled on the same in 1871. 

T3EBER, MICHAEL, farmer, S. 34. 

Rector, T. C, far.. Sec. 28. 
Robinson, Wm., farmer, Sec. 36. 
ROBIXSOX, WILIilAli A., 

farmer, Sec. 31 ; born in Warren Co., 
Ohio, in 1837. Married Eliza Chad- 
dick in 1857 ; she was born in Hopkins 
Co., Ky., in 1841 ; their living children 
are Eugene, Walter, William and Mary, 
J. ; they came to this county in 1862, 
and settled in Cedar Falls, and in 1864 
removed to Bremer Co., and resided 
until 1870, when he emigrated to 
Harlan Co., Neb., and lived there until 
1873 ; returned in tliat year to this 
county, and settled on the place he now 
occupies, consisting of seventy acres. 

Round, Jas. M., far!, S. 19 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

QHUMAKER, J. W., farmer, Sec. 29. 

SHEHAX, PATRICK, farmer, 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; was born 
in Ireland in 1820. Married Ann Mc- 
Ardle in 1857 ; she was born in 



WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 



481 



Ireland in 1821 ; have ten children — 
John. Mary, Catharine, Patrick, 
Daniel, Elizabeth, Thomas, William 
and Margaret (twins), and Maurice. 
Came to this country in 185(1, landing 
in New Orleans ; lived in Indiana an^ 
Ohio until 1855, when he came to this 
county and settled in Cedar Rapids, 
where he engaged at his trade, being a 
mason ; in 1863, he came to this town- 
ship, and settled on his present estate, 
consisting of 250 acres — 100 acres valued 
at S50 per acre, and the remainder at 
S20 per acre. Mr. S. and family are 
members of the Catholic Church. 

SPEER, JOHX A., farmer and 
nurseryman. Sec. 19 ; he was born 
in Westmoreland Co., Penn., in 
1834, where he enlisted in the 11th 
Penn. Res. in May, 1861, and was hon- 
orably discharged in 1865. Married 
Sabina Barr in 1866 ; she was born in 
Armstrong Co., Penn., in 1840 ; they 
have three children — Lola, Victor and 
Mildred ; came to this county same year 
of marriage, and settled on his present 
estate, valued at $60 per acre. 

Speers, Robert, far., S. 19. 

TURNER, MICHAEIi V. B., 
for., S. 36 ; born in Lycoming Co., 
Penn., in 1839, and came to this county 
in 1862, and settled in Waterloo, when 
in 1863, he enlisted in the 7th Iowa 
Cavalry, Co. H, and served three years 
on the plains. Returning to this county, 
married Helen M. Parker in 1867 ; she 
was born in this county in 1837 ; set- 
tled on his present place in 1874, consist- 
ing of 11 5 acres valued at $100 per 



acre. They lost their only child — 
Mary A. 
TTIRDEN, OSCAR, far., S. 32; 
V born in Barren Co., Ky., in 1819. 
Married Love C. Powell in 1840 ; she was 
born in Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1822. 
Came to this county July 1, 1851, and 
settled on his present estate, which he 
entered and upon which he erected a 
rude cabin where he lived to enjoy the 
experience of pioneer life ; this rude hab- 
itation has long since given place to a large 
and commodious residence, of which 
most of the building material was drawn 
by team from Dubuque. Their children 
are — George D., Charles, Elizabeth and 
Emma; lost two children — Norman and 
Willie. 

WARD, GEORGE F., far., S. 29. 
Weeks, Jas., far., Sec. 30. 
WALKER, ISAAC, far., S. 34; 
born in Bedford Co., Penn., in 1844. 
Married Minerva Scroggy in 1866 ; she 
was born in Northumberland Co., Penn., 
in 1843 ; came to this county the same 
year of their marriage, and settled in 
Eagle Township, where he lived one 
season, when he moved on his present 
estate of 153 acres, valued at $50 per 
acre. In 1863, he enlisted in the 21st 
Penn. Cav., Co. E, and served eight 
months; re-enlisted in 1864, in the 
205th Penn. Regt., Co. E, and served 
eleven months ; participated in the bat- 
tles of Fort Steadman, Pittsburg and 
others and was honorably discharged at 
the close of the war. Charles R., Nettie 
A., Isaac M., Mollie A. and Minerva 
M. are their children. 




482 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



EAST WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 



(P. O. WATERLOO.) 



ALBERT, JACOB, farmer, Sec. 2; 
born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1818. 
Married Florence Beptine in 1854 ; she 
was born in Saxony, Germany, in 1830; 
they have five children — John P., Au- 
gusta A., Viola I., George H. and Ella 
M. Came to this country in 1849, and 
first settled in Ren.sselaer Co., N. Y., 
and in 1857 emigrated to this county, 
first .'settling in Mt. Vernon Tp.; and in 
April, 1865, settled on his present 
farm of sixty-six acres, valued at $40 
per acre. Are members of the First 
Baptist Church. 

AL.DRICH, RELIEF C, farming, 
Sec. 20 ; widow of Truman Aldrich, who 
was born in Utica, N. Y., in November, 
1829 ; they were married in July, 1873, 
and he died in September, 1877 ; her 
maiden name was Relief C. Hills, and 
she was born in Chautauqua Co. N. Y., 
in 1838 ; came to this county in 1872, 
and settled in the city of Waterloo, 
where they resided until 1876, when 
they moved on their present estate, con- 
sisting of 120 acres, valued at $35 per 
acre ; also owns a market in the city, 
and four dwellings. He was also en- 
gaged in the purchase of tax titles, in 
which he carried on an extensive busi- 
ness. Have one child — Truman, Jr. 

AKERMEAXT, CtEO., farmer, 
Sec. 23; born in England in 1849, and 
came to this country in 1863, and set- 
tled in this county the same year. Mar- 
ried Annie Roler in 1868 ; she was 
born in New Jersey in 1850 ; have 
three children — Mary J., born June 9, 
1869; Joseph, born May 10, 1872; 
Sarah E., born Sept. 25, 1875. Settled 
on his present place in 1875, where he 
has since made it his home. 

"D ALL, R. D., farmer, S. 31. 

BACOM, JES^iE, farmer, Sec. 
28 ; was born in Westmoreland Co., 
Penn., in 1817. Married Mary Mc- 
Clintock Feb. 18, 1841 ; she was born 
in Allegheny Co., Penn., in 1820 ; came 
to this State in 1858, and settled in Du- 
buque Co., where he resided until 1863, 
when he moved to this county, and set- 
tled on his present estate of forty acres. 



valued at $1,600. Have one adopted 
daughter — Addie. Mrs. B. is a mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church. 
BAILEY, DAVID M., fanner, 
Sec. 34 ; born in Niagara Co., N. Y., in 
1848, where he married Lodena Brown- 
ingin 1869 ; shewas born in same county 
in 1848 ; came to this county in Febru- 
ary, 1873, and settled in Waterloo, 
where he engaged in a meat market, 
and continued in that capacity until 
1874, when he moved on his present 
estate, consisting of 100 acres, valued 
at $30 per acre. Seth, Grace and Dew- 
ey are their living children ; lost two 
children — Burton, and one died in in- 
fancy. 
BALL, JOHX, farmer, Sec. 7 ; born 
in Grafton, N. H., July 4, 1814 ; moved 
with his parents to Sharon, Vt., where 
he resided until 21 years old, and moved 
to Genesee and Chautauqua Counties, 
N. Y.; went down the river to Louis- 
ville, Ky., on a raft, took a boat to St, 
Louis and TuUy, Mo., and afterward 
settled in Louis Co., Mo., in 1837, 
Married Juliette Polk Dec. 20, 1839 ; 
she was born in Scott Co., Ky., in 1819 ; 
they moved to Sangamon Co., 111., and 
after one year, moved to Adams Co., 
Iowa ; in 1845, went to Dubuque, Iowa, 
and was appointed Government Sur- 
veyor ; came to this county in 1864, 
settling on Sec. 26. John P. is their 
only child. 
Bannister, L. S., fi^rmer, S. 31 
BARTLETT, A. N., farmer, Sec. 
9; P. 0. Cedar Falls; born in Che- 
nango Co., N. Y., in 1826. Married 
Margaret Anderson in 1854 ; she wai> 
born in Scotland in 1827 ; they have 
three children — Frank, Tracelia and 
WilHe. Came to this county in 1856, 
and settled in Washington Tp., and, in 
1861, settled on their present farm of 
sixty acres, valued at $2,500. 
Bazeley, B., farmer, Sec. 24. 
Birdsall, G. B., farmer, S. 20. 
Brainard, S. R., farmer, S. 6. 
Brinker, Henry, farmer, S. 3. 
BROOKS, THOMAS, farmer, S 
18 ; born in Orange Co., N. Y., in 
1823. Married Elizabeth King Jan. 



EAST WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 



483 



27, 1853; she was born in the same 
county in 1825. Emigrated to this 
county in 1854, and settled in the city 
of Waterloo, where they resided until 
May, 1859, when he moved on his pres- 
ent farm of eighty-fuur acres, valued at 
$50 per acre, which land he entered ; 
they number among those of the earliest 
settlers in this town and county. Are 
members of the Methodist Church. 

BROWN, AI.I.KN, farmer. Sec. 2 ; 
born in Litchfield Co., Conn., in 1842, 
where he married Eliza J. Lewis in 
1862 ; she was born in the same county 
in 1845. NeUie M., George L., Julia 
L., Fannie M., Lottie L. and Harry K. 
are their children. They came to this 
county in 1868, and settled in Mt. Ver- 
non Tp , where he resided until 1877, 
when he settled on his present estate of 
eighty acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. 

Brown, Hiram, farmer, S. 3. 

BROWN, STEPHEN, farmer, S. 
3 ; born in Litchfield Co., Conn., in 
1816. Married Elmira Abbott in 1836 ; 
she was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., 
in 1817 ; they have five children living 
— Sarah, Hiram, Luther, Allen, War- 
ren, and lost one child — Myra. Came 
to this county in April, 1868, and set- 
tled on his present farm of 148 acres, 
valued at $40 per acre ; also carried on 
livery business at Waterloo six years of 
his residence in this county. 

BrRDEN, WII., farmer, Sec. 18 ; 
born in Devonshire, England, in 1812. 
Married Susanah Chappie in 1837 ; she 
died in 1852 ; they had three children 
— Sarah, Wm. W. and Greorge W. His 
present wife, Susannah Burden, was born 
in Bristol, England, in 1830 ; they have 
by this marriage three children — Mary 
E., Ada S., and Estella J. ; lost three 
children — George, Julia and one that 
died in infancy. Came to this country 
in 1835, and settled in Genesee Co., N. 
Y., where he resided until 1859, and in 
1 864, came to this county, and settled 
on his present farm of 114 acres, valued 
at $60 per acre. Are members of the 
M. E. Church. 

/RATLING, J. M., far., S. 1. 

Choate, N. B., far., S. 22. 
€lark, Wm., far., S. 7. 



Cobb, E. M., far., S. 28. 

Corbett, Sylvester, far., S. 29. 

Cotton, Enoch, far., S. 10. 

Cotton, John, far., S. 9. 

COWIiES, CHARLES C, farm- 
er, S. 3 ; born in Hampshire Co., Mass., 
in 1836. Married Julia H. Andrews in 
1862 ; she was born in Geauga Co., Ohio, 
in 1841 ; have two children — Lydia M. 
and Bertie A. Came to this county in 
1867, and settled in Waterloo City, 
where he lived until 1875, when he 
settled on his present farm, where he has 
since made his home. 

Crabtree, J. A., tar., S. II. 

CROSS, B. N., farmer, Sec. 3 ; born 
in Licking Co., Ohio, in 1833. Married 
Mary J, Baroflf in 1857 ; she was born 
near Tiffin, Ohio, in 1835 ; they have 
six children — William, Ellsworth, Al- 
bert, Eliza, John and Henry ; lost three 
children — Zoloman B., Sarah M. and 
Charles M. Came to this county in 
1866, and settled in Mt. Vernon Tp., 
where they resided until 1871 ; settled 
on their present estate of 160 acres, val- 
ued at $35 per acre. Mr. C. served six- 
teen months in the 123d Ohio V. I., 
Co. A. Are members of the United 
Brethren Church. 

Cross, W. A., far., S. 20. 

Crumrine, James, far., S. 4. 

Crumrine, Wm., far., S. 2. 

CURRAN, MICHAEL,, farmer, 
Sec. 4 ; born in Ireland in 1824, and 
emigrated to this country in 1856 and 
settled in Stamford, Conn., and in 1858 
moved to the West and settled in Win- 
nebago Co., 111.; where he remained un- 
til 1866, when he came to this county 
and settled on his present farm, where 
he has since made his home. Are mem- 
bers of the Catholic Church. 
r\ERRICK, N., far., S. 35. 

_Ly Dewey, Earl, far., S. 30. 

1>EWE Y, J. D., firmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls ; born Nov. 1, 1823, in 
Crawford Co., Penn. ; in 1849, came to 
Wisconsin ; in 1852, came to his present 
farm ; owns 230 acres, valued at $25 
per acre. Married Mary E. Wykoflf 
Aug. 15, 1847 ; she was born in 1829, 
in Crawford Co., Penn. ; had eight chil- 
dren, seven living — Earl, Walter, Mary 
Ann, Louis, Henrietta, Horace and 
Georsre. 



484 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Dewey, Lewis, far., S. 31. 

Dewey, Walter, far., S. 22. 

DOBSOBf, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Ireland in 
1810. Married Ann Webster in 1832 ; 
she was born in Ireland in 1812, and 
died in 1843 ; by this marriage they 
have four children — Thomas, William, 
Elizabeth and James. Came to this 
country in 1832, and settled in Clinton 
Co., N. Y., where he lived until 1836, 
when he emigrated to Fairfield Co., 
Ohio, and resided until 1851, when he 
moved to Indiana, and in 1853 came to 
this county and settled on his present 
estate of 343 acres, valued at $35 per 
acre. In 1855, he married Emma W. 
Good; she was born in 1825; they 
have five children — Alice, John, Wes- 
ley, Abraham and Francis ; lost two — 
Amos and Eunice. 

Dobson, T., far . S. 4 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

DOXAIiDSOX, WILLIAM, 

farmer. Sec. 4 ; born in Canada in 1841. 
Man'ied Fannie Atkinson in 1866 ; she 
was born in England in 1832 ; they 
have four children — Robert R., Edwin, 
Annie and Elsie. Emigrated to Illi- 
nois in 1862, where he resided until 
1868, when he came to this county ; set- 
tled on his present estate in 1873, where 
he has since made it his home. 

Douglas, J. H., far., S. 10. 

Dubois, J. S.. far., S. 28. 

Dunkelberg, S., far., S. 16. 

Dunkelberg, W. B.,far., S. 16. ' 

TT^ASTMAN, H., farmer. Sec. 9. 

Eddy, Milo, far., S. 18. 
Ellis, D. G., far., S. 19. 
Ercanbrack, John, farmer. 
Evans, John 0., far., S. 32. 

FARNSWORTH, L,, farmer, 
Sec. 4 ; born in Bradford Co., Penn., 
April 9, 1821. Married Mary J. Rice 
June 8, 1851 ; she was born in Brad- 
ford Co., Penn., in 1833. Came to this 
county in 1855, purchasing his present- 
farm from the government, and returned 
to the East ; in 1863, moved with his 
family and settled in Waterloo, where 
he resided until 1866, when he settled 
on his present farm, consisting of 120 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Is one of the early settlers of this 
county. 



FIL.KINS, THEODORE, form 

er. Sec. 1 ; born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 18, 1840 ; he emigrated with his 
parents to Iowa and Black Hawk Co. 
in the Fall of 1858 ; he settled on his 
present farm in 1869. He was married 
in 1865, to Miss Elizabeth Trobridge, 
from New York ; they have seven chil- 
dren — John C, William, Cornelius,. 
Charles, Addie, Emily and Ida. He 
has 163 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. He has held the office of School 
Director one year. In politics he is 
Republican. They are members of the 
M. E. Church. His parents were among 
the oldest settlers of Waterloo Township. 
His house is just across the road in 
Waterloo Township. 

F 11^ H E R , WILIilAM, JR., 
farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born 
in Pendleton Co., Va., in March, 1848, 
and came to this county with parents in 
Oct., 1853, and resides on a portion of 
the old homestead. Married Mary E. 
Parker in 1869 ; she was born in Clin- 
ton Co., N. Y., in 1852 ; they have one 
child— George B., born Oct. 4, 1870. 
She is a member of the First Baptist 
Church. 

r^ ARRETT, JOHN, far.. Sec. 15. 

Garrett, W. F., farmer. Sec. 18. 

Gaston, Charles C, farmer, Sec. 18. 

Gaston, David, farmer. Sec. 21. 

Gaston, N. P., farmer. Sec. 12. 

OIFFORD, DANIEL A., farm- 
er. Sec. 3 ; born in Canada West in 
1843, and came to this county in 1866,. 
and settled in Poyner Tp., where he 
married Mary C. Fuller in 1872 ; she 
was born in Illinois in 1854, and have 
two children — Nora B. and Tabor B. 
Settled on his present farm in the Fall of 
1877, consisting of 160 acres, valued 
at $35 per acre, where he has since made 
it his home. 

GILBERT, FRANK, farmer. Sec. 
4; born in Vermont in 1837, and emi- 
grated to the West in 1853, and settled 
in Kendall Co., 111. Married Henrietta 
Collins in 1866 ; she was born in Ken- 
dall Co., 111., in 1846 ; children— Seth, 
Harriet A., Catherine R., Francis, 
Edward and Harvey. In 1861, he en- 
listed in the 10th I. V. I., Co. H, and 
served three years ; participated in bat- 



EAST WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 



485 



ties of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and 
others, and was honorably discharged at 
the close of the war. Settled on his 
present farm in 1877, where he has 160 
acres of land under cultivation. 

Grant, J. M., far., Sec. 30. 

Grant, J. M., for., Sec. 12. 

Grant, J. B., far., Sec. 29. 

Gulzo, John, far., Sec. 32. 

TTAFFA, ABE W., carpenter, Sec. 8. 

HAGEXBAUGH, GILBERT 

C., farmer, Sec. 14 ; born in La Salle 
Co., Til., 1852; came to this county 
with his parents in 1865, and settled on 
their present estate of 252 acres, valued 
at $45 per acre. Married Fannie Bell 
in 1872 ; she was born in Tyrone, Blair 
Co., Penn., in 1856. Mary E. and Alice 
E. are their children. 

HALE MASOX, farmer. Sec. 14; 
born in Rhode Island in 1800. Married 
Almira King in 1823 ; she was born in 
the State of Connecticut in 1806, 
and died in 1868; they have seven 
children living — Byron, who served in 
the rebellion, Mandana, Kaziah, Susan 
Albert, Fidelia and Emma ; have lost 
five children — Charlotte, John, who was 
kdled at Lookout Mountain, and Charles, 
died from disease contracted in the 
army ; and two that died in infancy. 
Came to this county in 1853, and set- 
on his present estate, consisting of 115 
acres, valued at $40 per acre. Mr. H. 
has been prominently identified with 
the interests of the county, and numbers 
among the early settlers. 

HALL, ARAB, farmer, Sec. 2 , 
born in Franklin Co., Mass., in 1818. 
Married Charlotte Fisk in 1842; she 
was born in same county in 1818 ; have 
eight children — Ellen M., Augusta J., 
Arthur W., J. Bordman, Charles F., 
Frank F., Cirus E. and Frederick. 
Came to this county in May, 1866, and 
settled on his present farm, consisting of 
144 acres, valued a S40 per acre. Pre- 
vious to his coming to this county he 
was engaged for thirty years in the 
manufacture of Hall's hand rake at 
Heath, Mass. Mr. H. and family are 
members of the Baptist Church. 

HALLETT, RICHARD B., 
farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Raymond ; born 
in Barnstable Co., Mass., in 1803. Mar- 



ried Marian Baker in 1838 ; she was 
born in St. John, N. B., in 1810. 
Came to this county in 1855, and settled 
in the city of Waterloo, where he re- 
mained until 1866, when he moved on 
his present farm, consisting of 40 acres, 
valued at $40 ppr acre. Daniel, Sarah 
A., Martha and Rodman are their living 
children ; they lost one child — Richard, 
who was drowned in the Cedar River. 
Mr. H. is one of the earliest settlers in 
the county, and is well known through- 
out. 

HARRISON, FREDERICK 
H., farmer, Sec. 2 ; born in Litchfield 
Co., Conn., in 1848. Married Martha. 
E. Harrison in 1872 ; she was born in. 
same county in 1848 ; they have two 
children — William H., born in Feb., 
1873 ; and Charles F.,born Aug., 1874. 
Came to this county, and settled on his 
present estate, consisting of 160 acres, 
valued at $40 per acre, in ]March, 1877. 
They are members of the Congregational 
Church. 

HAWKIXS, E., farmer. Sec. 15; 
born in Grafton Co., N. H., in 1818 ; 
came to the West in 1839, and settled 
in Bureau Co., 111., where he married 
Mary J. Harmon in 1840 ; she died in 
1854; they had four children — Helen 
A., Alphonso B., Edwin and Amanda. 
His present wife, Rachel Ginger, was 
born in Vandalia in 1847, and have 
three children by this marriage — Albert 
R., Joseph B. and Guy. Came to this 
county in March, 1877, and settled on 
his present farm, consisting of 160 acres, 
and where he has since made his home. 

HAWVER, LOUIS M., farmer. 
Sec. 16 ; born in Walworth Co., Wis., 
in 1850, and came to this county in 
1864, settling in the city of Waterloo, 
where he married Alice Merwin in 
1875 ; she was born in Pennsylvania in 
1852 ; they have one child — Lizzie M. 
Settled on his present farm, consisting 
of 130 acres, valued at $40 per acre, in 
1876. 

Hewitt, Daniel, far., S. 24. 

Hewitt, James, far., S. 4. 

HEWITT, WM. H., farmer. Sec. 
6 ; born in England in 1839, and emi- 
grated to this country in 1858, and set- 
tled in Winnebago, 111., where he mar- 
ried Eliza Gilmore ; they have four chil- 



486 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



dren — Walter W., Henry F., George 
A. and Albert L. Came to this county 
in the Fall of 1873, and settled on his 
present estate in 1878, consisting of 
forty acres, valued at .$30 per acre. 

Hofl'man, John B., farmer, Sec. 7. 

Holtz, Fred, farmer, Sec. 23. 

HOWARD, JACKSON, farmer, 
Sec. 12; born in Pike Co., Ohio, in 1819. 
Married Edith Brazeton in 1838 ; she was 
born in Bean Blossom, Brown Co., Ind. 
in 1822 ; came to this county in Feb- 
ruary, 1866, and settled in Mt. Vernon 
Tp., and in October, 1875, moved to 
Waterloo City where he resided one 
year, when he settled on his present es- 
tate of forty acres, valued at $1,200. 
Are members of the United Brethren 
Church. 

HUBBART, FRA:NK, farmer, 
Sec. 9 ; born in Broome Co., N. Y., in 
1834; came to this State in 1854, and 
settled in Tama Co., where he married 
Idelia Kellogg in 1857 ; she was born 
in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1843; they 
have five children — Ellen, Allen, Fredie, 
Nettie and Harvey ; lost one child — 
Idelia. In 1862, he enlisted in the 27th 
I. V. I., Co. I, and served nine months 
and was honorably discharged on ac- 
count of sickness ; came to this county 
in May, 1863, and settled on his present 
estate in November, 1875, consisting of 
160 acres, valued at $5,000. Are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. Mr. H. has 
held county offices, and has been per- 
manently identified with the interests of 
the town and county. 

TOHNSTON, D. S., farmer, Sec. 31. 

Johnston, John, Rev., far.. Sec. 31. 
Joyner, A. H., farmer. Sec. 29. 

KIXG, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 5; 
born in Morgan Co., Ohio, March 30, 
1830. Married Phojbe Harris in De- 
cember, 1855 ; she was born in the 
same county in 1836, and has two chil- 
dren living — Louisa M. and Eldora A. ; 
have lost two children — Anna F. and 
William S. Came to this county in 
1854 and purchased his present estate, 
which he entered, and returned to Ohio ; 
in 1860, he returned to this State and 
settled in Linn Co., and in 1863 re- 
turned to this county and settled on his 
estate ; owns a farm of 144 acres. 



valued at $55 per acre. Has been Su- 
pervisor and School Director and other- 
wise prominently identified with the in- 
terests of the town and county. Are 
members of the Methodist Church. 
r ELAND. H. P., farmer, Sec. 5. 

L.EL.AND, AMBROSE, farmer, 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in 
Middlesex Co., Mass., in 1842; and 
came to this county in March, 1855, 
with his parents, who settled on their 
present estate of eighty acres, valued 
at $30 per acre. He married Matilda 
Firman in 1866, and has six children — 
Maud, Charles, Lovina, John, Bernice 
and Frank. His father died in March, 
1865 ; his mother is still living at the 
age of 75 years and resides with him on 
the homestead ; the family numbers 
among the early settlers of the county. 

liELAXD, GEOR€}E, farmer. Sec. 
10; P. 0. Cedar Falls; born in New 
York City in 1837, and came to this 
county with his parents in 1855, and 
settled on the farm of which he still oc- 
cupies and owns a portion, consisting of 
258 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Mar- 
ried Floretta E. Clark in 1863 ; she was 
born Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1842 ; 
they have two children — William C. and 
Carrie. Held the office of Assessor two 
terms, Town Trustee four years, and has 
been identified with the interests of the 
town and county. Are all members of 
the Universalist Church. 

L.UPKIIV, CYRUS, farmer. Sec. 4; 
born in Oxford Co., Me., in 1820, and 
married Mary A. McKellopp in 1849 ; 
she was born in Orange Co., Vt., in 
1831. Came to this county in the 
Spring of 1872, and settled on his 
present farm of 220 acres, where he has 
since made his home. Emma M., Fred- 
erick B., George H., Nellie J., Ida B. 
and Willie are their living children ; 
lost three children — Mary L., John A. 
and Addie L. 

I.YONS,_ JOHN, farmer, Sec. 5; 
born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1815, and 
married Johannah Cavanagh in 1852 ; 
she was born in Ireland in 1815; 
they have four children — Michael, 
Annie, William and Margaret ; lost 
four children — Timothy, James, Kat- 
erina and Mary. Came to America in 



EAST WATERLOO TOAVNSHIP. 



487 



1846, and landed in Boston, Mass.; 
came to this county and settled in the 
city of Waterloo, where he lived until 
1870, when he moved on his present 
estate of 120 acres, valued at $30 per 
acre. Are members of the Catholic 
Church. 
nV /TcCLELLAND, A. W., farmer, Sec. 

McCullum, J., far., S. 30. 
McMANUS, AXI>REW, farmer, 
Sec. 17 ; born in Trenton, N. J., in 1826. 
Married Brido;et Dolino; in 1856 ; she 
was born in Ireland in 1832. Came to 
this county in 1857, and settled on his 
present farm of 137 5 acres, valued at 
S40 per acre. Was one of the early 
settlers of this section. Are members 
of the Catholic Church. 
MASON, EL.IAS F., farmer. Sec. 
•1 ; born in Madison Co., N. Y., in 
1835 ; moved with his parents to Wis- 
consin in 1845, where he enlisted Nov. 
30, 1861, in Co. A, 1st Wis. V. C, and 
served three years ; participated in the 
battles of Chickamauga and Knoxville, 
and was honorably discharged. Returned 
to Jefferson Co., Wis., where he married 
Louisa Fleming in March, 1866 ; she 
was born in Racine, Wis., in 1845, 
Came to this county in 1868, and settled 
in the city of Waterloo, and in 1871 
moved on his present estate of 160 acres, 
where he has since made his home. 
William F., Benjamin F., Ada F. and 
George H. are their children, 
ellon, M. M., farmer. Sec. 16. 
MERVIXE, WIIiLIAM C, 
farmer, Sec. 15 ; born on board a man- 
of-war, in Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1816. 
Married Martha G. Sawyer in 1838 ; 
she was born in Maine, and died in 
1842 ; had one child— Charles E. His 
present wife, Rohana Shirley, was born 
in Morgan Co., Ohio, in 1826, and they 
were married in 1844. Came to this 
county in 1864, and settled in Ray- 
mond ; in 1868, settled in Waterloo, 
where he built the Waterloo House, 
which he conducted uutil 1875, when 
he settled on his present farm of ninety- 
f(jur acres, valued at $35 per acre. 
Mesenger,Z. T., far.,S. 11 ; 
MIJLES, ANDREW, farmer, Sec. 
5 ; bora in Tioga Co., N., Y., in 1809. 
Married Sabrina Corey in 1830 ; she 



was born in Vermont in 1811, and died 
in June, 1855 ; they had ten children — 
Warner, Willard, William, Hiram, Wal- 
ter, Joseph, Francis, Rosetta, Mark and 
James ; his present wife. May Ester- 
brooks, was born in Rutland Co., in 
1820, and they were married in 1858, 
and have two children — H. A. and Ste- 
phen A. Came to this county in 1865 
and settled on his present estate of 140 
acres, valued at $40 per acre. 

Miller, Owen F., far.. Sec. 3. 

MOORE, BENJAMIN, farmer, S. 
16 ; born in Huntingdon Co., Penn., in 
1827. Married Thirza McLane in 
1848 ; she was boi'n in Knox Co., 
Ohio, in 1827. Came to this county in 
1867, and settled in Mt. Vernon Tp., 
where he resided until 1876, when he 
moved on his present farm of 160 
acrse ; also owns 100 acres of land 
in Buena Vista Co., valued at $10 per 
acre. Rinaldo, Nancy E., Charles W. 
and Ann M. are their children. 

Mullin, John, far.. Sec. 21. 

^VTIGHTINGALE, JOHN, far., S. 14; 

NEWTON, REFBEN, farmer, S. 
4 ; born in England in 1854 ; and came 
to this country in June, 1870, and first 
settled in Darlington, Wis., where he re- 
sided until 1874, when he came to this 
county and settled in Waterloo, where 
he married Marilla Goodwin in 1876 ; 
she was born in Indiana in 1858; set- 
tled on his present farm in the Spring ot 
1877, consisting of sixty-five acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. 
WENS, J. J., far., S. 32. 



o 



Owens, Orrin, far., S. 32. 
Owens, Samuel, farmer, S. 32. 
>ARK, R. J., far., Sec. 21. 



P 



PARSONS, BENJAMIN B.. 

farmer, Sec. 20 ; born in Bennington 
Co., Vt. in 1817. Married Polly N. 
Blanchard April 10, 1848 ; she was 
born in Windham Co., Vt., Sept. 3, 
1813 ; first settled in Dodge Co., Wis., 
where he remained until 1862, when 
he came to this county and settled in 
the city of Waterloo, where he resided 
until 1865 ; moved on his present estate, 
consisting of 440 acres of land, valued 
$40 per acre. Fernando A., born Sept. 



488 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



29, 1849 ; Winslow R., born April 12, 
1851 ; Lonara E., born April 21, 1855, 
are the names and births of their chil- 
dren. 

PARSONS, DAXIEL, farmer, S. 
15; born in Winchester Co., N. Y., in 
1833. Married Jane C. Ide, in July, 
1854 ; she was born in Vermont, in 
1838. In 1864, he enlisted in the 44th 
111. V. I., Co. H, and served until the 
close of the war; participated in the 
the battles Spring Hill, FrankHn and 
Nashville, where he was wounded by a 
ball passing through his wrist, which 
has left him with an honorable scar ; 
was discharged from the hospital May 
11, 1865. Came to this county April 
16, 1866, and settled on his present 
estate of 240 acres, valued at $35 per 
acre. Emma J., Charles, William, Es- 
tella, Abraham, George, Cora and Jessie 
are their children. 

PARSOXS, ROSCOE M., farm- 
er, Sec. 19; born in Bennington Co., 
Vt., in 1848, and came to this county 
with his parents in 1862, and settled in 
Waterloo, where he resided until 1865, 
In 1870, married Ella R. Spaulding; 
she was born in Cape May Co., N. J., 
in 1850 ; have three children — Bell, 
Percy and one not yet christened. 
Settled on his present farm in 1875 ; 
160 acres, valued at §50 per acre. 

Peek, G. H., farmer. Sec. 18. 

Pendleton, E. F., farmer. Sec. 12. 

Pendleton, E. F., Jr., farmer, Sec. 35. 

Pendleton, E. R., farmer, Sec. 14. 

Pendleton, W. A., farmer. Sec. 31. 

PIERPONT, JOSEPH W., 
farmer, Sec. 1 ; born in Franklin Co., 
Mass., in December, 1839. Married 
Ellen Hall in 18H5 ; she was born in 
the same county in 1 843 ; they have 
three children — Mary E., Grace H. and 
Arthur W^. Came to this county in 
1867, and settled on his present estate 
of 130 acres, valued at $50 per acre. 
Are members of the Baptist Church. 

PRICE, JA9IES v., farmer, Sec. 
8 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Bucks 
Co., Penn., in 1814, and married Jane 
Wikoif in 1 842 ; she was born in Craw- 
ford Co., Penn., in 1824 ; William, Ju- 
lia and Cynthia arc their living children ; 
lost two children — Nathan and Martha. 
Came to this county in 1864, and set- 



CH.EASON 

born in Chenango 
Married Emeline 



tied on his present farm in 1876. Are 
members of the Presbyterian Church. 
"OAUB, C. M., farmer. Sec. 12. 

RAEB ANDREW C, farmer, Sec. 
19; born in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., in 
1829, and married Sylvia Bishop in 
1855 ; she was born in the same county 
in 1835 ; they have two children living 
— Charles and Lua A,; lost one child — 
Henry. Came to the West in 1855, 
and settled in Adams Co., Wis., and in 
the following year moved to Rock Co., 
Wis., where he remained until 1874, 
when he came to this county, and on his 
present farm of sixty -five acres, valued 
at $35 per acre Are members of the 
M. E. Church.' 

RICHARDSON, 
P., farmer. Sec. 2 ; 
Co., N. Y., in 1844. 
Gates in 1867; she was born in the 
same county in 1847 ; Lenora, Blanche 
and Levi are their living children ; lost 
one infant. Came to this county in 
January, 1872, and settled on his pres- 
ent pl^ce, where he^has since made it 
his home. 

RICHARDSON, JAMES, farm- 
er, Sec. 12 ; • born in Pittsfield, Mass., 
in 1822. Married Harriet A. Park in 
1843; she was born in Chenango Co., 
N. Y., in 1824, and died in 1860 ; by 
this marriage they had three children — 
Gleason P., Mary J. and George M. 
His present wife, Jane Gilliland, was 
born in Chenango Co., N. Y., in 1840, 
and they were married in 1865, and 
have two children — Elmer and Hattie. 
Came to this county in 1867, and in 
1868, settled on his present farm, con- 
sisting of eighty acres, valued at $40 
per acre. Are members of the Baptist 
Church. 

Richardson, James, far., S. 18. 

Rickert, E. J., far., S. 21. 
ROBINSON, OEORCIE, farmer. 
Sec. 5 ; born in Delaware Co., Ohio, in 
1837. Married Charlotte A. Brooks in 
1857 ; she was born in Illinois in 1838; 
they have two children — Flora A. and 
Dora M. Came to this State in 1855, 
and settled in Floyd Co., where he re- 
mained until 1862, when he came to 
this county and settled in the city of 
Waterloo, where he worked at his trade, 



EAST WATERLOO TOWNSHIP. 



489 



being a carpenter, and where he erected 
many houses and became extensively en- 
gaged in real estate transfers, during his 
residence there; settled on his present 
farm in March, 1877, consisting of 120 
acres, valued at $35 per acre ; also owns 
residence on Main st., in Waterloo, and 
is well known throughout the county. 
O AGE, E. A., far., S. 16. 

SAGE, GEORGE G., farmer. Sec. 
4 ; born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., in 
1824. Married Sarah J. Amidon in 
1850 ; she was born in the same county 
in 1831 ; they have six children — 
Harriet A., JEdward A., Orrin G., 
Frank L., Rosella and Eudora L. Came 
to this county in November, 1864, and 
settled in Mt. Vernon Tp., where he re- 
sided until 1877, when he settled on his 
present place, where he has since made 
his home. 

SECHSER, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 
16 ; born in Germany in 1820. Married 
Elizabeth Collar in 1852 ; she was born 
in Germany in 1822 ; have three chil- 
dren — John, Jr., Frank and Michael. 
Came to this country in 1856, and set- 
tled in Dyersville, Delaware Co., where 
he resided until 1866, when he came to 
this county, and in 1878, settled on his 
present estate of 160 acres. Are mem- 
bers of the German Meth. Church. 

Shaw, Arthur, far., S. 2. 

Shaw, William, far., S. 1. 

Shirley, George, far., S. 9. 

Smith, A. M.^far., S. 17. 

Smith, C. D., far., S. 9. 

SMITH, GEORGE W., farmer, 
Sec. 6 ; born in Livingston Co., N. Y., 
in 1838, and emigrated to this State in 
1854, and in 1861, enlisted in the 9th I. 
V. I., Co. D ; served one year and was 
honorably discharged. Married Fannie 
Flint in July, 1863 ; she was born in 
New Hampshire in 1844 ; they have five 
children — William, Frederick, Charles, 
Florence and Franky ; lost three chil- 
dren — Benjamin, Dora and one that died 
in infancy. Settled on his present estate 
of 240 acres in the Spring of 1878, 
where he has since made his home. 

SMITH, GEORGE W., farmer, 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; was born in 
Fulton Co., N. Y., in 1807. Married 
Lorinda Throop in 1827 ; she was born 



in the same county in 1806 ; they have 
three children — Angeline, Eliza and 
Melissa ; have lost two children — Enoch 
T. and George W. Came to this county 
in July, 1855, and settled in Cedar 
Falls, where he built a grist-mill, and 
engaged in that business until 1873, 
when he purchased and settled on his 
present estate, consisting of seventy-two 
and one-half acres of land, valued at 
$2,000. Held the ofiices of Supervisor, 
Constable and Sub-Director of Schools, 
and has been otherwise prominently 
known and identified with the interests 
of the county. 

Smith, J. D., farmer, S. 18. 

Smith, J. G., farmer, S. 10. 

Sohner, Paul, farmer, S. 20. 

Stoner, Wm., farmer, S. 19. 

Stout, D., farmer, S. 36. 

Streeter, J. W., firmer, S. 12. 

Streeter, Z., Jr., farmer, S. 8. 

IIMENS, W. W., farmer, S. 17. 



T' 



TAYEOR, ALBERT, farmer, S. 
34 ; born in Richland Co., Ohio, in 
1827. Married Martha Hampton in 
in 1852 ; she was born in Plymouth Co., 
Ohio, in 1829, and died in Aug., 1872 ; 
Came to this Co. in 1852, and settled in 
PoynerTp., being one of the earliest set- 
tlers at that time ; in 1871, settled on his 
present farm of 160 acres, valued at $30 
per acre. Their children are Mary L., 
Sylvester, Aseneth and Jesse. 

TODD, THOMAS, farmer, S. 28 ; 
born in England in 1830 ; emigrated to 
this country in 1852, and settled in Liv- 
ingston Co., N. Y., where he married 
Sarah P. Hosford in 1859; she was 
born in Orange Co., Vt., in 1829. He 
first settled in La Salle Co., 111., in 
1855, and in 1857, came to this county 
and entered the land of his estate ; re- 
turned with his family, and settled per- 
manently in 1865 ; has farm of 160 
acres, valued at $30 per acre. Held the 
offices of Assessor, School Director, Road 
Supervisor and otherwise prominently 
known and identified with the interests 
of the town and county. Sarah and 
Mary are their living children ; they 
lost two children — Joseph and Lucy 
(twins). 

TRAVIS, CHARLES W., far., 
Sec. 2 ; born in Onondaga Co., N. Y,, 



490 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY ; 



in 1842, and came to this county in 
1858, and settled in Mt. Vernon Tp. 
In Aug., 18G1, enlisted in 3Gth 111. V. 
I., Company B, and served until the 
close of the war ; participated in the 
battles of Stone River, Pea Ridge and 
others; was taken prisoner and confined 
in Andersonville and Florence, South 
Carolina, eight and one-half months. 
In 1877, settled on his present farm 
consisting of eighty acres, valued at 
$40 per acre. John W., Chloe M., 
Hiram and Mary A. are his living chil- 
dren ; lost one child — Nellie A. 
YAUGHN, HIRAM, far. 
Vaughn, Robert, far. 

TTT'ALLACE, C. J., far., S. 13. 
V> Wambaugh, Levi, far., Sec. 16. 

Ward, Pierson, far.; Sec. 12. 

Wellman, L. B., far., Sec. 15. 

WHITE, JONEPH P., far , Sec. 
19 ; born in Franklin Co., Mass., in 



1821, and married Cynthia Reed in 
1846 ; she died in 1871 ; they had 
three children who are living — Eliza, 
Joseph and Edward ; his present wife, 
Martha Reed, was born in Connecticut 
in 1835. He came to this county in 
1854, and returned after a short visit 
making his home and permanent settle- 
ment in 1856, taking up his residence 
in the city of Waterloo, where he resided 
until 1870, when he moved to his present 
estate consisting of 160 acres, valued 
at $30 per acre. Are members of the 
Congregational Church, and number 
among the early settlers of this town 
and county. 

Whitney, Allen R., far., S. 17. 

AVorden, A., far., S. 21. 

Woolwine, J. J., far., S. 32. 

^y^OUNG, WILLIAM, far., S. 12. 




CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



491 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 

(P. 0. CEDAR FALLS.) 



A DAMS, H. M., physician. 

ABBOTT, JOHX B., grain ; resi- 
dence cor. Washington and Seventh sts ; 
born Sept. 14, 18)M, in Rensselaer Co., 
N. Y. ; in 1838, came to Wyoming Co., 
N. Y.; in 1858, came to Cuyahoga Co., 
Ohio, and in 1865, removed to Cedar 
Falls. Married Vine H. Day in 1858 ; 
she was born in 1837, in Wyoming Co.. 
N. Y. Enlisted in 1861, in the 21st 
Ohio V. I. ; was detailed as Camp Ins- 
tructor, by Gen. Buel, of a regiment of 
Alabama troops, then organizing at 
Huntsville, Ala. ; the regiment elected 
him Major of their command ; he re- 
signed his position in 1863 ; he was ap- 
pointed in 1866, Superintendent of the 
Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home; held his 
position about eighteen months. Mrs. 

A. was Matron of the institution during 
this time. He, in connection with G. 

B. Van Saun, is running a line of seven 
elevators on the B., C. R. & N. R. R. 

Albrick, Z. S., foundry. 

Alderman, A. J., far.. Sec. 7. 

Alderman, E. A. 

Amrlim, Joseph, wagon maker. 

Andrews, 0. S., live stock. 

Andirson, T. 

ANDERSON, ;WII.I.IAM B., 
groceries and provisions, Main st. ; resi- 
dence cor. Eleventh and Washington sts.; 
born June 4, 1834, in Scotland; in 1836, 
came to Quebec; in 1841, removed to 
Lockport, 111.; on May 4, 1854, came 
to Cedar Falls ; engaged in farming till 
1877, when he commenced his present 
business. Married Lavenia Brown Oct. 
10, 1865; she was born in 1844, in 
England ; have four children — Basiel, 
Barton, Ina and Rosamund. Has been 
Justice of the Peace and Town Clerk. 

Armitage, Thomas, R. R. 

ARQIJITT, ADOLPHIJS, saloon 
and billiards, cor. First and Washington 
sts. ; resides on First st. ; born March 8, 
1841, in Syracuse, N. Y. ; in 1855, came 
to Dubuque, Iowa, and in 1863, removed 
to Cedar Falls, and first engaged in the 
clothing business. Married Ella Gr. 
Phinney in 1865 ; she was born in 1851 



in Syracuse, N. Y. ; have four children 
— Edward, Cora, Ella and Charles. Are 
members of the Universalist Church. 

Aunnin, Thomas, far., Sec. 5. 

Aurger, Thomas, far., Sec. 5. 

"DAGLEY, C. S., cooper. 

Baker, E., grocery. 

Baker, G. A., laborer. 

Barnard, Geo. W., Overseer Poor. 

Barns, John, far., S. 30. 

Bartle, H. L., restaurant. 

BARTL.ETT, II. W., Professor of 
Languages at Iowa State Normal School; 
born Feb. 26, 1834, in Bath, N. H.; in 
1857, came to Western College, Linn 
Co.; in 1853, entered Dartmouth Col- 
lege, and graduated in 1857, and taught 
for a term of ten years, mostly in ancient 
languages ; was President of the school 
during the years 1866 and 1867 ; 
then went to Denmark Academy, in Lee 
Co., as teacher for six years ; then spent 
three years teaching in Memphis Acad- 
emy, Missouri ; in the Fall of 1876, was 
chosen for his present position. Mar- 
ried Miss Julia Abbott July 12, 1859 ; 
she was born in Oct., 1837, in Bath, N. 
H.; had four children, three living — 
Elmer E., Willie A. and Mary E. Are 
members of the Congregational Church. 

Batcheller, A., far., S. 9. 

Batcheller, M. K., far., S. 9. 

Batcheler, K., far., S. 9. 

Beason, R. A. 

Belden, A. N., far., S. 5. 

BELDEN, T., farmer. Sec. 33 ; born 
Oct. 2, 1S14, in Genesee Co., N. Y.; 
in 1857, came to Bureau Co., 111.; in 
1867, came to Cedar Falls Tp.; owns 
forty acres of land, valued at f 25 per 
acre. Married Cynthia Harding May 
21, 1835; she was born April 11,1818, 
in Livingston Co., N. Y.; they have 
three children — Josephine, Harriet and 
Eugenia. Their son-in-law, W. V. 
Hoagland, was born July 11, 1840, in 
Wyoming Co., N. Y.; in 1861, he came 
to Cedar Falls ; he owns forty acres of 
land. He was married in Sept., 1865, 
to Mary J. Belden ; she was born Aug. 
11, 1845, in New York ; they have three 



492 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



children — Fred T., George A. and 
' Harry. They are all members of the 
M. E. Church. 

Berry, Henry, far., S. 8. 

Beny, Samuel, clothing. 

Beny, W. H., far., S. 8. 

Beswick, T. F., grain. 

Bell, J. S., physician. 

Bintz, H., far., S. 16. 

BINTZ, HEXRY, farmer, Sec. 16; 
born Dec. 1, 1816, in Germany; in 
1852, came to Wayne Co., N. Y.; in 
1868, came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa; 
he owns eighty acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre. Married Elizabeth Don- 
hour July 26, 18-11 ; she was born July 
26, 1818, in Germany ;, had eight chil- 
dren, three Ifving — John, Anna and 
Henry. Are members of M. E. Church. 

Bishop, G. K., clerk. 

BISHOP, S. A., nursery ; residence 
on Twelfth street; owns 160 acres of 
land in Sec. 11, Grundy Co., Iowa; 
also twenty acres inside the corporation ; 
he was born Sept. -4, 1824, in Trumbull 
Co., Ohio ; in 1845, came to Cleveland, 
Ohio ; in 1848, removed to Wooster, 
Wayne Co., Ohio, and in 1852, came to 
Cedar Falls ; engaged first in land busi- 
ness, and in 1854, commenced the drug 
business, and continued it about eleven 
years, and commenced his present busi- 
ness in 1865, which is carried on quite 
extensively. Married Cordelia McCurdy 
September, 1850; she was born in 1826 
in Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, and died 
in April, 1864; have four children — 
— Mary E. (now Mrs. Boehmler), Geo. 
K., Charles W. and Edmund A. The 
second marriage was to Miss Anna M. 
Buchmann in July, 1865 ; she was 
born in 1838 in Germany; have four 
children by present marriage — John W., 
Clara M., Bertha A. and Nellie M. Is 
a Republican. 

BISHOP & BAl^CROFT, pro 

prietors of the Twelfth Street Nursery ; 
dealers in green house and bedding 
plants, fruit and ornamental trees, ever- 
greens, grape vines and small faults, 
hardy herbaceous flowering plants, flow- 
ering bulbs, etc.; they endeavor to select 
only thebest ; their plants and ornament- 
al shrubs are unusually thrifty and well 
grown ; their class of foliage plants are 
of the most brilliant tints and colors. 



many of them especially adapted for edg- 
ing beds and borders, planting in vases 
and for baskets ; they have a magnificent 
display of house plants, some of them 
remarkable for their varied and beauti- 
ful foliage, profusion and splendor of 
flowers of other varieties ; there are to be 
procured from their collection, some of 
the most showy plants for blooming in 
the late Fall and early Winter months, 
magnificent Winter-blooming plants, 
vines and climbers in profusion, varie- 
gated grasses, etc. ; customers unac- 
quainted with the diflferent kinds of 
plants that bloom throughout the season ; 
by stating the object which they 
wish to effect, and the plants they have, 
and the amount of money they wish to 
expend, a selection will be made that 
doubtless will prove satisfactory ; when 
selections are left with the proprietors, 
persons may rely on being liberally dealt 
with ; when left to them, they will use 
their best judgment ; the mails ofier good 
facilities for sending out plants, which 
are quite safe ; all plants distinctly la- 
beled and packed in the best manner for 
safe carriage ; in the fruit department of 
this nursery, will be found the most se- 
lect varieties of apples, crabs, cher- 
ries, plums, pears, grapes, raspber- 
ries, strawberries, currants, rhubarb, 
etc.; in the ornamental department, 
they have the almond, berberry vulgaris, 
honeysuckle, deutzia gracilis, lilac, snow- 
ball, wiegela rosea, and many other choice 
varieties ; probably no finer selection of 
evergreens can be found than can be 
furnished by Bishop & Bancroft ; they 
have the Norway, American and white 
spruce, Scotch, Austrian and white pine, 
red and white cedar, Irish juniper, bal- 
sam fir, hemlock, American yew, savin, 
etc.; this firm is worthy of the large 
patronage extended to them, and all 
orders by mail or otherwise will be 
promptly and satisfactorily executed ; 

. descriptive catalogues, with prices, etc., 
will be sent on application. 

Bixby, A. L. 

Bley, A., farmer. Sec. 14. 

Bley, Dan, farmer. Sec. 24. 

Blood, R., farmer. Sec. 17. 

Boehmler, Charles, boots and shoes. 

Boehmler, Philip, tinner. 

Boehmler, Theo., hardware. 



.. ./ 



•v^" 



'f i^ 





CEDAR FALLS 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



495 



Eovie, A. D., painter. 

Bovie, W. A., painter. 

BOZARTH, JOHBf P., farmer, 
Sec, 19; born Aug. -i, 1828, in Lewis 
Co., Va. ; in 1839, came to Muscatine, 
Iowa; in 1854, came to Black Hawk 
Co. ; in 1868, came to his present farm. 
Owns 160 acres, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Eliza J. Miller in December, 
1852 ; she was born in September, 
1833, in Virginia; had eight children, 
seven living — Charles, Thomas, Mary 
J., Sarah, John P., Frank and Eoy. 

Bozarth, Thomas, farmer. Sec. 19. 

Briggs, G. W., well driller. 

Brinenstoon, G. D., farmer, Sec. 9. 

Bronson, L. N., laborer. 

Bronson, R. A., laborer. 

Brother, Charles, former. Sec. 5. 

Brown, William, laborer. 

Bryant, F. A., physician. 

BRYAXT, M. E. MRS., widow of 

^. C. Bryant, Captain in the U. S. 
Navy ; he was born in December, 1826, 
in Maine, and died Sept. 19, 187-4. He 
married Miss Mary E. Southall Sept. 
19, 1858 ; she was born Aug. 16, 1838, 
in England ; they removed to Cedar 
Falls in 1863. She owns several stores 
in the city, as well as residence property ; 
she also owns 800 acres of land, mostly 
improved, in Spring Creek. She has 
two children — Percy, born April 19, 
1862 ; Walter, born Oct. 1, 1863. Is 
a member of the Episcopal Church. 
Capt. Bryant served in the Mexican 

BRYANT, WM. C, firm of Wise 
& Bryant, druggists and booksellers ; 
established in 1867 ; residence, corner 
of Franklin and Sixth; born April 12, 
1841, in Otsego Co., N. Y.; in 1850, 
came to Oshkosh, Wis., April 20, 1861, 
enlisted in Co. E, 2d Wis. Inf.; enlisted 
as a private, and promoted to several 
positions, and in 1866 was promoted to 
Major; left the service Feb. 16, 1867, 
in Baltimore, Md.; participated in the 
first and second battles of Bull Run, 
Gainesville, Petersburg, Spottsylvania, 
Wilderness, Gettysburg and others ; in 
1867, came to Des Moines, Iowa, and 
came to Cedar Falls Jan. 15, 1868. 
Married Vesta A. Bryant June 30, 
1869 ; she was born Nov. 23, 1847, in 
Massachusetts. Are members of the 



Congregational Church ; is Secretary of 
the Library Association. 

Burgess, R., farmer. Sec. 26. 

BlIRR, O. L., firm of Burr & Davis, 
proprietors "Carter House;" born in 
March, 1839, in Wyoming Co., N. Y.; 
in 1861, came to Independence, Iowa, 
and in 1 868, came to Cedar Falls. Mar- 
ried Miss Alice Getchell in 1874 ; she 
was born in Waterville, Me. 

Buhalem, Jacob, lumber. 

Butler, Daniel, foundry. 

Butler, F. F., foundry. 

Butterworth, R., blacksmith. 

/CAMERON, SAM., farmer, Sec. 34. 

Carpenter, Ed., teamster. 

Carpenter, F. A., farmer, Sec. 36, 

Carpenter, T. B., lumber and coal. 

Carrall, M., laborer. 

Castello, John, cemetery. 

Chapman, A. G., farmer. Sec. 17. 

Chapman, C. S., insurance. 

Chapman, M. W., retired. 

CHASE, W. H., farmer. Sec. 26; 
born Sept. 20, 1820, in Portsmouth, R. 
I.; in 1848, came to Connecticut; in 
1863, came to Illinois ; in 1866, came 
to Grundy Co., Iowa, and opened a farm 
of 960 acres ; in 1869, he sold 640 
acres and removed to Cedar Falls ; then 
commenced the grocery business, and 
continued it about four years ; then re- 
turned to Grundy Co., remained there 
about one year, then sold the balance of 
his farm (320 acres) and returned to 
Cedar Falls ; in 1875, came to his pres- 
ent farm, consisting of eighty acres, 
valued at S30 per acre. Married, March 
27, 1871, Mrs. Anna M. Barker, 
daughter of Luther H. and Margaret A. 
Barnes ; she was born March 27, 1831, 
in Toronto, Canada ; have two children 
— Anna B. and Margaret ; she has one 
child by a former marriage — Fred Bark- 
er. Clark Chase was born April 3, 
1794, in Portsmouth. R. L; in 1876, 
came to Cedar Falls ; he lives with his 
son. He married Eliza Woodman; she 
was born in 1797, and died in Decem- 
ber, 1874, aged 76 years ; had six chil- 
dren, four living — W. H., Alfred S., 
Constant W. and Elizabeth (now Mrs. 
Bordon). 

Christenson, P., fitr., S. 30. 

Christensen, T., far., S. 27. 

3 



496 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAAVK COUNTY; 



Church, Hiram, far., S. 3. 

Clark, Gr. H., omnibus line. 

CLARK, GEORGE W., proprie- 
tor of Cedar Falls Omnibus Line, and 
breeder and shipper of pure-bred Po- 
land-China swine ; he was born Aug. 30, 
1833, in Monroe Co., N. Y. ; in 1850, 
came to Janesville, Wis. ; in 1854, came 
to Cedar Falls ; he owns 120 acres of 
land in Sec. 20, valued at S35 per acre. 
Married Fannie F. Streeter in January, 
1855 ; she was born Aug. 9, 1837, in 
Clifton Springs, N. Y. ; had eii;ht chil- 
dren, four living — Clara R. (now Mrs. 
J. E. Bates), Wniiam K., Nettie E. and 
George B. 

CLARK, WM. H., firm of Clark 
Bros., livery, board and sale stables, cor. 
First and Washington sts. ; born Nov. 
7, 1838, in Berkshire Co., Mass.; in 
1858, came to Freeport, 111. ; in 1860, 
removed to Dixon, 111.; in 1862, returned 
to Massachusetts, and in 1873, came to 
Cedar Falls, Iowa. Married Alice Conk- 
lin March 21, 1878; she was born in 
November, 1855, in Iowa ; he owns 62 
aci'es outside the city limits ; also a 
house and lot in the city. 

COJLE, JACOB, retired ; residence 
corner of Washington and Twelfth sts.; 
born April 12, 1814, in Hunter- 
don Co., N. J.; in 1863, he re- 
moved to Morgan Co., 111.; the same 
year, came to Cedar Falls ; he owns 240 
acres of land in Sec. 26, also property in 
the city. Married Catherine Swayze 
Sept. 5, 1838; she was born April 6, 
1821, in Morris Co., N. J.; have two 
children — John L., born in April, 1839, 
and Martha M. (now Mrs. Henry), born 
in March, 1845. 

Cook, J. G., far., S. 9. 

Cooper, I., teamster. 

Cornell, M., laborer. 

Corrigan, Dan, mason. 

Cotton, F., far., S. 26. 

Cotton, A. J., far., S. 26. 

Cotton, Wm., far., S. 26. 

Coughlin, J., laborer. 

COX & ANDREWS, dealers in 
groceries, crockery, boots and shoes, etc.. 
Main St. Francis Cox was born March 
1, 1829, in England; in 1852, came to 
Fayette Co., Ohio; in 1854, came to 
Cedar Falls, and followed the stone cut- 
ting trade till 1876, when he commenced 



his present business. Married Mary 
Mann April 4, 1852, in London ; she 
was born Aug. 21, 1828, in England, 
and died April 11, 1868; have four 
children — Thomas, Lizzie, Carrie and 
William. Was a member of the Town 
Council from 1874 to 1876. Edward 
L. Andrews Was born Jan. 28, 1845, in 
Hartford, Conn. ; in 1854, came to 
Whitewater, Wis. ; in 1866, came to 
Manchester, Iowa, and in 1872, removed 
to Cedar Falls ; engaged in the printing 
business till 1876, when he commenced 
his present business. Married Annie L. 
Hunt Sept. 1, 1872 ; she was born Oct. 
25, 1849, in Rolling Prairie, Ind. ; have 
one child — Irving H., born Aug. 20, 
1874. Enlisted in Co. I, 40th Wis. V. 
I. ; served 100 days. 

Cropper, J. S., foundry. 

Crosby, J. Q. A., S. 7. 

Culver, B., grain. 

Cunningham, M., far., S. 16. 

Currier, G. F., stone cutter. 

Curtight, J., carpenter. 

Curtight, T. S. 

DAHL, H., cabinet maker. 
Davenport, F., retired. 

Davidson, H., carpenter. 

Davidson, L., farmer, S. 7. 

Davidson, Lyman, farmer, S. 7. 

Davis, H. G., renter. 

Davis, M., omnibus driver. 

Davison, E. B., bakery and confectionery, 

Dayton, W. N., merchant milling. 

Deetrick, R. S., laborer. 

Dewey, M., clerk. 

Dilfill, A. H., farmer, S. 36. 

Doll, G., farmer. S. 10. 

Doll, P., farmer, S. 10. 

Doorley, John, mason. 

DORWIX, W. S., minister of M. 
E. Church, Sec. 34; born July 10, 
1833, in Franklin Co., Vt. ; in 1855, 
came to Cedar Falls ; has had charges 
in Butler, Grundy, Franklin, Black 
Hawk and other Counties; in 1876, he 
came to his present farm ; they own 200 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Married Harriet L. Morris Feb., 1858 ; 
she was born Dec. 15, 1834, in Che- 
mung Co., N. Y. ; have five children — 

C. M., T. E., Mabel, A. N. and A. M 

D. In 1863, commenced in the regular 
ministry, and has continued in the work 
ever since. 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



497 



Doud, A. D., laborer. 
Drohman, F., far., S. 18. 
Dufoe, N. H., far., S. 22. 
Duggau, T., railroad. 
Dunsback, Wm., far., S. 6. 
imDDY, H. L., far., S. 9. 

Eckhart, T., clerk. 

Eiler, George, farmer. Sec. 30. 

Eiclinlamb, Henry, miller. 

EILER, PHILIP, farmer, Sec. 30; 
born May 20, 1811, in Germany; in 
1838, came to Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; in 
1848, he came to Waukesha Co., Wis.; 
in 1868, he came to his present farm ; 
owns 320 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. Married Frederika Knoch 
Feb. 5, 1851 ; she was born Aug. 11, 
1829, in Germany ; they have six chil- 
dren — George, Caroline, Daniel, Philip, 
Mary L. and Sarah E. Are members 
of the Evangelical Church. 

Emerson, Wm. A., farmer, S. 5. 

Emerson, W. A., farmer, S. 5. 

TpABRICK, FRANK, tinsmith. 

Fabrick, John A., far., S. 27. 

Farwell, I. N., well driller. 

Fasdick, J. A., engineer. 

FIELDS, C. J., Cashier First Nation- 
al Bank, and firm of W. M. Fields & 
Bro., proprietors of the Cedar Falls Stock 
Farm ; born Nov. 9, 1844, in England ; 
in 1847, came to Pennsylvania, and in 
1873, came to Cedar Falls. Married 
Miss Isabella Cass in 1866 ; she was 
born in England ; have three children — 
Albert M., Isabella F. and Violetta M. 
Are members of the M. E. Church. 

FIELDS, W. M., President First 
National Bank, also firm of W. M. 
Fields & Bro., proprietors of Cedar Falls 
Stock Farm, Sec. 22; they own 960 
acres, and are extensively engaged in fine 
stock raising, consisting of short-horns, 
Berkshire, Poland-China swine and 
Cotswold sheep ; this is the largest and 
one of the best improved farms in the 
county ; he was born Feb. 22, 1841, in 
England ; in 1847, came to Pennsyl- 
vania ; in 1873, came to Cedar Falls. 
Married Miss Violetta Cass in 1866 ; 
she was born in England ; have three 
children — J. Cass, W. M., and Charles 
A. Are members of the M. E. Church. 

Filmley, J. D., f^r., S. 15. 



Ford, C, retired firmer. 

Ford, Frank, laborer. 

Fowler, W. H., laborer. 

Fransen, H., farmer. Sec. 33. 

FRENCH, THEODORE L., 
agricultural implements ; also one of the 
proprietors of the Adams & French 
Harvester ; residence Cedar Falls ; born 
July 6, 1836, in Chittenden Co., Vt. ; 
the same year, he came with his parents 
to De Kalb Co., 111. ; in 1863, removed 
to Cedar Falls. Married Miss Mary E. 
Barnes Sept. 11, 1862; she was born 
Sept. 11, 1842, in Chemung Co., N. 
Y. ; have one child — Jesse R., born 
July 1, 1863, in De Kalb Co., 111. 

r^ ARLAND, T. J., laborer. 

Gates, D., laborer. 

Gatley, R., farmer. Sec. 26. 

Geyer, Jacob, Jr., laborer. 

Gibson, Joseph, blacksmith. 

Gibson, W., farmer. Sec. 14. 

Geddis, S. H., carpenter. 

GILCHRIST, J. C, Principal oi 
the Iowa Normal School ; born May 
20, 1832, in Allegheny City, Penn.; in 
1837, came to Trumbull Co., Ohio ; in 
1851, attended the Poland Institute in 
Mahoning Co., Ohio ; remained there till 
1853, then taught school about two 
years; in 1855, attended the Antioch 
College, Ohio, and continued for two 
years ; since 1857, he has been teaching 
continuously; in June, 1876, he was 
chosen Principal of the Iowa State 
Normal School ; was three years County 
Superintendent of Washington Co., 
Penn. ; then Principal of the South- 
western State Normal School at Califor- 
nia, Washington Co., Penn. ; then Prin- 
cipal of the State Normal School at 
Fairmount, West Va. He helped to 
recruit a company in California, Penn., 
and spent about one year recruiting and 
assisting the government. Married Han- 
nah Cramer in 1858; she was born 
April 1, 1835, in Hubbard, Trumbull 
Co., Ohio ; had ten children, six living 
— Cleland, Maud, Willard C, Fred C, 
Grace, and infant daughter. Are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. 

Gilispie, M., blacksmih. 

Glasser, N., stone dealer. 

Glanvill, A. E., farmer. Sec. 9. 

Glasser, Jacob, laborer. 



498 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



Godfrey, J. R., builder. 

GRAHAM, ALEX., merchant and 
custom millinc: ; resides on South Main 
street; born April 6, 1816, in Utica, 
N. Y. ; in 1820, came to Cortland Co., 
N. Y., with his parents ; in 1837, lo- 
cated in Tompkins Co., N. Y., and 
commenced a general merchandise busi- 
ness ; in 1858, removed to Janesville, 
Wis., and came to Cedar Falls in 1876, 
and established his present business. 
Was married in September, 1342, to 
Miss Abigail M., daughter of Gen. 
Martin Keep, of New York ; she was 
born in April, 1816, in Homer, N. Y. ; 
had three children ; lost Richard M. in 
1846, aged two years; William R. and 
Kate M" (now Mrs. Cook). W. R. en- 
listed in 1861 in Co. E. 3d Wis. Cav. ; 
served about ten days ; was promoted to 
Col. Barstow's staff, then transferred to 
the line and attached to Co. G as Lieu- 
tenant Commanding; he was then 18 
years of age. He was a graduate of 
the Michigan State University, and 
admitted to the bar in Janesville, 
Wis. 

Graham, W. J., far., S. 5. 

Graham, W. R., merchant milling. 

Granger, 0. E., for., S. 25. 

Grus, Fred., laborer. 

Griffith, J. J., far., S. 25. 

Griffith, W. B., far., S. 20. 

Greene, Abel, far., S. 14. 

ACKEROLT, A., farmer, Sec. 6. 



H 



Hageman, John, painter. 

Harris, W. H., Novelty Works. 

BAIiVORSIN, JENS, machinist, 
Water St.; born June 4, 1835, in Nor- 
way; in 1857, came to Quebec ; then 
to Boston ; then to Chicago, to St. 
Paul, to St. Louis, and to Keokuk ; in 
1861, returned to Chicago, and in 1862, 
went to California ; in 1865, returned 
to Chicago ; in 1867, removed to Cedar 
Falls, and worked for Overman & Co. 
for about seven years. Owns seventy- 
three acres of land in Butler Co.; also 
house and lot in the city. He was 
burned out in 1877. Married Betsey 
Peterson Jan. 9, 1866; she was born 
Aug. 19, 1849, in Wisconsin ; had four 
children, three living — Harry, Arthur 
and Jessie, 
amilton, N. T., laborer. 



HAMMER, A. D., farmer. Sec. 6 ; 
born Feb. 14, 1824, in Pendleton Co., 
Va.; in 1851, came to Ohio ; in 1855, 
came to his present farm; owns 216 
acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married 
MaHnda Wagner March 18, 1847 ; she 
was born June 5, 1822, in Pendleton 
Co., Va.; had five children, three living 
— Elizabeth, William and Louisa. Mr. 
H. is Treasurer of the School Board of 
Cedar City. 

Hammond, M., laborer. 

Hamm, C. P., horse trader. 

Hamm, J. C., far., S. 7. 

Hansen, Nels, far., S. 19. 

Hansen, N. C, far., S. 31. 

Hardman, D. D., far., S. 19. 

Harlacher, G. H., furniture. 

Harrington, Grant, laborer. 

Harrington, J. K., laborer. 

Harrington, L. L., far., Sec. 31. 

Harris, N. H., manufacturer of pumps and 
lightning rods. 

Harris, S. W., wagon manufacturer. 

Hart, A. H., far.. Sec. 7. 

HARTMAN, J., retired ; born March 
5, 1816, in Union Co., Penn. ; in 1834, 
came to Lycoming Co., Penn. ; served 
three years at the millwright trade ; in 
1839, came to Stark Co.. Ohio, and fol- 
lowed the millwright trade until 1854, 
when he came to Cedar Falls, and en- 
gaged in the real estate business ; he 
owns thirty acres of land inside the cor- 
poration. Married Anna Kleckmar in 
1849; she was born in 1820, in Craw- 
ford Co., Penn., died in 1852; had one 
child — Jacob A. Second marriage to 
Jane Glover in 1856 ; she was born 
Nov. 18, 1833, in Ohio; have one child 
— May (now Mrs. Kaynor.) Is a Repub- 
lican. 

Haskell, B. F., far., Sec. 6. 

Haskett, B. T., far.. Sec. 6. 

Hasti'oh, D., far.. Sec. 21. 

Hatch, Pat., clerk. 

Hatfield, James, miller. 

Hazlett, TliGO., general merchandise. 

Heart, James, far.. Sec. 20. 

Hearst, James, far.. Sec. 20. 

Hedglin, H., laborer. 

Hedglin, John, laborer. 

Hemenway, H. C, attorney. 

Henningson, L. L., far.. Sec. 31. 

HEl^SLEY, EDWARD, farmer. 
Sec. 22 ; born Jan. 5. 1 81 2, in England ; 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



499 



in 1832, came to Canada ; in 1837 came 
to Illinois ; in 1854 came to Black 
Hawk Co., Iowa ; the same year, returned 
to Illinois ; the following year, came again 
to Black Hawk Co., and in June, 1866, 
came to his present farm ; owns forty 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Married Martha Holbrook Dec. 28. 
1857 ; she was born July 12, 1819, in 
England ; in 1855, she came to Cedar 
Falls ; have two children — Sarah Ann 
and William H. Mrs. H. is a member 
of the M. E. Church. 

Henry, W. H., laboier. 

Herman, Fred., far., Sec. 28. 

Hewey, S., far.. Sec. 7. 

Hewitt, J. N., farmer, S. 7. 

Hilten, H., well driller. 

Hites, M., farmer, S. 22. 

Hites, M., farmer, S. 22. 

Hayland, Peter, grain. 

Hoagland, P., farmer, S. 33. 

Hoagland, W. U., farmer, S. 33. 

Hoagland, W. V., farmer, S. 33. 

Hobron, J. M., Prof, of Music. 

Hoeppen, E., blacksmith. 

Hopkins, H., farmer, S. 7. 

Horty, Pat, horse trader. 

Hofcchkiss, F. A., bookkeeper. 

Houghmaster, G., miller. 

Houghtaling, J., farmer, S. 28. 

Houghtaling, James, farmer, S. 28. 

Hoyt, C. L., farmer, S. 25. 

HrBBARD, SOl^OMON, far; 
owns thirty acres of land with his resi- 
dence in Cedar Falls ; also eighty acres 
in the county ; he was born Aug. 21, 
1827, in New Hampshire., in 1831, 
came to Wayne Co., Ind., in 1856 ; 
removed to Jo Daviess Co., 111. ; 
remained there and in Stephenson Coun- 
ty until 1873, when he came to his 
present home. Married Mary RatliiF in 
Feb., 1852 ; she was born July 18, 
1832, in Wayne Co., Ind. ; had eight 
children, four living — Joseph, Edgar, 
William and Eva. Has been a member of 
the City Council. Members of the Qua- 
ker denomination. 

HUFFMAX, M. E., painter, shop 
over Harris' Wagon Mfy. ; resides cor- 
ner Clay and Fifteenth sts. ; born Oct. 
14, 1849, in Richland Co., Ohio ; in 
1857, came to Cedar Falls. Married 
Lucy Wantz June 1, 1874 ; she was 
born in Oct., 1852, in Illinois. 



Huber, J., farmer, S. 18. 

Hughes, J. T., carpenter. 

HIJC^HES, OLIVER, farmer, S. 
29 ; born Oct. 10, 1824, in Salem Co., 
N. J.; in 1845, came to Ohio ; in 1846, 
to Wisconsin ; in 1849, came to Chi- 
cago ; in 1852, returned to N. J., the 
same Fall ; returned to Chicago, and 
then to Michigan; in the Fall of 1853, 
came to Knox Co., 111. ; in April, 1854, 
came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa ; in 
1866, came to his present farm; owns 
420 acres of land, valued at $20 per 
acre. Married Mary C. Hardman in 
May, 1865; she was born in 1845, in 
Pennsylvania ; have two children — 
John and Oliver. Has been Township 
Supervisor and Assessor. 

Humbert, E. C, far., Sec. 7. 

Humbert, Sol B., farmer. Sec. 7. 

Humphrey, F., clergyman. 

Hunt, J. E., prop. Monitor House. 

HURI^BUT, M. F., cooper, Mill st., 
born Jan. 5, 1826, in Addison Co., Vt. ; 
in 1852, came to DeKalb Co., 111.; in 1861 , 
came to Cedar Falls. Married Almira 
Fuller in May, 1846 ; she was born in 
April, 1828, in Grand Isle,Vt.; have two 
children— Lynda C. (now Mrs. W. M. 
Perkins), Carrie S. (now Mrs. E. L. 
Ross). 
NGERSOLL, W. T., farmer. Sec. 5. 



I 



Isamel, Mark, clothing. 
ITACOBS, A. E., farmer. Sec. 7. 

Jacob., John, laborer. 

Jackson, L. L., far., Sec. 24. 

Jaquith, C. F., grain. 

Jansen, J., farmer, Sec. 7. 

Jarmor, Thos., clerk. 

Jay, Barton, farmer, Sec. 7. 

JefFers, C. H., farmer, Sec. 2. 

Jennings, J. B., meat market. 

Jeppson, Lawrence, farmer. Sec. 5. 

Jewell, F. L., for.. Sec. 16. 

Johnson, Henry, farmer, Sec. 28. 

Johnson, E., farmer. Sec. 31. 

Joness, R. W., farmer. Sec. 31. 

Jones, H. E., farmer. Sec. 4. 

JORDAN, H. A., photographer, 
Main st.. residence, same place ; born 
Oct. 8, i837, in Norwich, Conn.; in 
1847, came to New Haven, Conn. ; in 
1863, came to New London, Conn. ; in 
1866, came to Syracuse, N. Y. ; in 1874, 



500 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



removed to Benton Co. ; in 1876, came 
to Cedar Falls. He commenced his busi- 
ness when a boy, and has followed it 
since continually ; when in Syracuse he 
was running seven galleries in different 
cities at the same time ; this is the lead- 
ing gallery in the county. Married Mary 
L. Johnson Oct. 31, 1858 ; she was born 
May 2, 1840, in Hartford, Conn ; have 
three children — Eugene H., Cora H. 
and Annie M. Are members of the 
Congregational Church. 

Jassen, Hans, farmer, S. 20. 

Judd, T. C, general merchandise. 
ALLENBACH, C, teaming. 



about 40 years ; has a brother and sister 
living in Cedar Falls. 

cBAIN, FRANK, farmer, Sec. 36. 



K 



Kaymer, C, farmer, S. 24. 
Kaymer, E. J., physician. 
Kehner, Val., laborer. 
Kerr, John, farmer, Sec. 16. 
King, R. K., farmer, Sec. 16. 
Kirk, E. N.. laborer. 
Knapp, J. T., banker. 
Knapp, L. 

Knochi, Frederick, milling. 
Krassman, Charles H., harness. 
Kreiger, John, farmer, Sec. 35. 
AMB, S. D., laborer. 



L 



Lamb, Thomas M., teamster. 

Lamb, W. J., laborer. 

Landis, B. F., school teacher. 

Langdon, R. H., teamster. 

Larsen, C., farmer, See. 28. 

Larsen, H. P., laborer. 

Larsen, J. P., harness. 

Larsen, Peter, farmer. Sec. 28. 

Lasson, Charles, farmer. Sec. 28. 

Law, William, laborer. 

Lawrence, Charles, barber. 

Lawrence, Wm., far., S. 18. 

Leahy, J., far., S. 36. 

Leister, A. W., retired. 

Lewis, E. F., marble worker. 

Lewis, Warren, marble worker. 

Lewisson, L., clerk. 

Lippold, M., barber. 

Loos, Fred. K., gun shop. 

Loose, Charles, gun shop. 

Love, Wm., laborer. 

LUND, HAXS N., brewer; born 
July 27,1848, in Denmark; in 1871, 
came to Cedar Falls, and commenced his 
present business in 1877. His father 
lives in Denmark, aged 67 years ; his 
mother died in Denmark in 1861, aged 



M 



McCafferty, Charles, R. R. 
McCLURE, WILLIAM H., at 

torney ; resides on Second St.; born May 
5, 1829, in Watertown, N. Y.; in 1836, 
came to Rochester, N. Y.; in 1853, cime 
to Cedar Falls. His first wife was Miss 
Mary Overman, now dead. His second 
marriage, to Miss Olive Merrill, March 
29, 1859; she was born in Jamestown, 
N. Y.; had five children, four living — 
Samuel, Helen, William and Olive. He 
enlisted Aug. 8, 1861, in the 3d Iowa 
Battery ; was in the battle of Sugar Creek 
and was wounded at the battle of Pea 
Ridge ; was senior First Lieutenant com- 
manding, and commissioned Lieutenant 
Colonel of the Iowa State Militia March 
25, 1865. He attended the first jury 
trial ever tried in this county in a court 
of record, and was the first attorney ad- 
mitted to practice in this county. 
McCowers, J. J., agent Singer S. Machine. 
McElwain, I. A., agent Marsh Harvester. 
McNally, Z., grocer. 

McNaughton, Jas., Sup't Public Schools. 
MAGG ART, JAMES W., black- 
smith ; residence corner Third and 
Franklin sts.; born Feb. 11, 1805, in 
Monroe Co., Va.; in 1841, came to 
Madison Co., Ind.; in 1855, came to 
Cedar Falls. Married Jane Alford in 
1827 ; she was born April 22, 1805, in 
Monroe Co., Va.; had seven children, 
two living — Mary J. and James M. 
Mahoney, Daniel, tailor. 
MARKLEY, CATHARINE, 
MRS., widow of James Markley ; he 
was born March 25, 1802, in Bedford 
Co., Penn.; in 1867, came to Cedar 
Falls, and died June 5, 1871 ; she was 
born Aug. 8, 1817, in Westmoreland, 
Co., Penn. They own ten acres with 
their residence in Cedar Falls ; also 640 
acres in Butler Co. Had ten children — 
Henry H., Semantha J., Mandy E., 
Mary L., Lucy, G-eo. A., Ida L., John 
R., James E. and Nellie M. Are mem- 
bers of the Baptist Church. 
Markley, H. 

Maroney, T., farmer. Sec. 34. 
Mansfield, James, laborer. 
Marks, A., laborer. 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



501 



Marshall, C. F., carpenter. 

Martin, James, farmer. Sec. 30. 

Martin, J. W., farmer, Sec. 32. 

Mason, A. W., Ai^s't Cash. First Nat. Bk. 

Mason, James, laborer. 

May, Caleb, firmer, Sec. 35. 

MATTHIAS, FRED., firm of 
Matthias & Robbins, hardware. Main 
St.; born Sept. 23, IS-il, in Hessen, 
(Tcrmany ; in 186G, came to Cedar Falls ; 
in 1874, commenced their present busi- 
ness. Married Mary Severin Oct. 20, 
1867; she was born March 23, 1849, 
in Grermany ; have three children — Lily, 
Mary and Emilie. Ave members of the 
Lutheran Church. Has been a member 
of the City Council two years ; was 
Secretary of the Glerman Aid Society 
for two and a half years. 

Mattison, James, cooper. 

JflAXOM, J. H., Baptist minister; 
resides in Cedar Falls; born Oct. 16, 
1817, in England; in 1838, came to 
Quebec, and was connected with the 
English army ; remained in Canada 
until 1856, when he removed to Creston, 
111.; in 1858, removed to DeKalb, TIL, 
and was Pastor of the Baptist Church 
there. In 1861, he enlisted in Co. B. 
58th 111. Inf , as First Lieutenant ; then 
had command of Co. B at Shiloh, where 
he was severely wounded ; remained in 
the service about two years ; in 1863, 
came to Battle Creek, Mich., and was Pas- 
tor of the Baptist Church there, Tecumseh 
and Bellevue until 1872, when he came 
to Cedar Falls. Married Anna Turner 
in 1840 ; she was born in 1819, in 
England ; had eight children, seven liv- 
ing — Henry, Mary, Philander S., Meth- 
lancton, Etta C, Florence M. and Ida 
Z. Philander S. has been Pastor of the 
Baptist Church in Mt. Morris, N. Y., 
for the past three years. 

Mead, S. P., retired. 

Melleu, H., farmer. Sec. 23. 

Mendenhall, Isaac. 

Melendy, C. B., art aallery. 

M E L E N D Y ,^PETER, agricul 
urist ; residence cor. Eleventh and Wash- 
ington sts.; born Feb. 9, 1823, in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio; in 1850, removed to Mt. 
Healthy, Hamilton Co., Ohio, and en- 
gaged in farming and fine stock raising for 
breeding purposes; in 1856, came to Cedar 
Falls, and continued farming till 1860, 



when he engaged in the agricultural busi- 
ness. In 1864, he was appointed U. S. 
Marshal, and held that position for about 
eighteen months. Was elected President 
of the State Agricultural Society, which 
position he held for five years. He has 
been connected with the State Agricult- 
ural College for the past fifteen years. 
Was appointed by the Governor to set- 
tle the Agricultural College lands, con- 
sisting of 240,000 acres. Has always 
been a stanch Republican, and always 
taken an active interest in politics. Was 
Chairman of the State Central Com- 
mittee. In 1868, he organized the State 
Horticultural and Agricultural Socities. 
Married Martha Coddington in 1847; 
she was born in 1832, in Hamilton Co., 
Ohio, and died in 1866, in Cedar Falls ; 
has two children — Charles B. and Ettie 
B. (now Mrs. 'Dr. Bassett.) Second mar- 
riage to Mrs. McFarland, formerly Mary 
A. Wolson, Dec, 1868; she was born 
in Tonawanda, N. Y. ; two children by 
her first marriage — Clark S. McFarland 
and Marion I. McFarland. Are members 
of the Presbyterian Church. 

Merchant, L. S., printer. 

Merrill, A.., lumber. 

Messier, E., far., Sec. 23. 

Messerly, Godlieb, far., Sec. 2. 

Messerly, John, far.. Sec. 5. 

Messerly, Rudolph, far.. Sec. 7. 

Meyers, C. H., collector. 

Miller, August, shoemaker. 

Miller, Charles, tar., Sec. 9. 

Miller, George, far.. Sec. 9. 

Miller, John, Sec. 32. 

Mills, Joseph, carpenter. 

Miner, W. 0., farmer. Sec. 25. 

Molloy, John, tailor. 

Moore, John, farmer. Sec. 3. 

Morgan, George, farmer. Sec. 6. 

Morgan, Jesse, farmer. Section 6. 

Morrill, Arthur H., retired. 

Mormer, Peter, laborer. 

Morner. P. D., Alderman. 

Morris, William, cattle dealer. 

Morrison, A., patent right. 

Morrison, W., farmer, Sec. 21. 

MUJLIiARKY, AXDREW, de- 
ceased ; born in the year 1820, in County 
Mayo, Ireland ; came to the United 
States in 1830, wich other members of 
the family ; lived for a time in the States 
of Rhode Island, Ohio, Indiana and 



602 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



Wisconsin, from whence he removed to 
Illinois, where he was married, in 1849, 
to Ellen Mullafky, and opened one of 
the first stores in Freeport ; from there 
he removed to Iowa, in 1850, and 
located where now is the business center 
of Cedar Falls, then but a remove from 
a wilderness. He built and operated 
the first store building in the county, in 
the second story of which the county 
business was long conducted. He was 
accidentally drowned in the mill race on 
the evening of the 12th of December, 
1863, leaving his wife Ellen and three 
children, named respectively, Owen 
Emmett, Lizzie Ellen and Kate Eme- 
line, all of whom are now residing in 
Cedar Falls. Mr. M. was a man thor- 
oughly imbued with the spirit of 
Western enterprise, of great force of 
character, possessed of wide and com- 
prehensive views, and, with full confi- 
dence in the successful future of his 
adopted State, he directed all his ener- 
gies to the end that Iowa should not be 
behind in the race for supremacy among 
the sisterhood of States. The now 
thriving city of Cedar Falls is largely 
indebted to his ability and untiring 
exertions in her behalf, for the proud 
position she occupies to-day. ^ And it is 
the conviction of one and all that 
had he lived, many other and Ifirger 
enterprises than are now occupying 
the attention of the people, would 
have been successfully inaugurated and 
vigorously prosecuted. Through his 
mercantile transactions, he amassed a 
competency. He held many local posi- 
tions of trust and honor, in the Council, 
School Board, railroad and other cor- 
porations ; was Postmaster for a number 
of years, but never sought prominence 
in official life. Kind and generous to 
the deserving, his early death was sin- 
cerely regretted by every one, for by 
by the exertions of his type of man are 
the resources of a new country fully 
developed. 

Mullarky, Charles H., farmer, Sec. 23. 

Mullarky, T., farmer. Sec. 23. 

Mullarky, 0. E., farmer. Sec. 23. 

Mullhoft', F., farmer. Sec. 35. 

MUXWER, E. A., firm of E. A. 
Munger & Co., wind-mills, iron pumps 
and fixtures. Second St.; resides in Cedar 



Falls; born Aug. 13, 1852, in Canada;- 
in 1854, came to Beloit, Wis., with his 
parents, and in 1855, came to Cedar 
Falls, and commenced his present busi- 
ness in 1876. Married Charlotte Odell 
in 1872 ; she was born in 1853, in 
Michigan ; had two children — lost Mabel 
in infancy, and Maud born July 17, 
1875. 

Murdock, E., far., S 13. 

Myers, Jacob, far., S. 18. 

Myers, Levi, far., S. 18. 

"XT OLTE, CHARLES, painter. 

Norris, A. J., far., Sec. 4. 
Nye, A. H., teacher. 
/SbERLY, laborer. 

O'BRIElf, PETER, tailor, Fii;st 
street ; born in Ireland in 1836 ; in 
1852, came to New York City ; in 
1855, came to Dubuque, Iowa, and 
from there to Winona, Minnesota; 
in 1858, went to Chicago. Enlisted in 
the United States service, and went to 
Salt Lake City ; in 1863, came to Cedar 
Falls and worked for William Ireland 
about two and a half years ; then worked 
for Bird, Pickton & Co., for two years, 
and for Samuel Berry for about two 
years, and then for the woolen mill 
company. Married Ann Barnes in Dec, 
1863 ; she was born in 1838, in Ireland;, 
have two children — James P., born 
April 14, 1865, and William F., born 
May 2, 1870. 

O'Connor, 0. James, blacksmith. 

Oday, Jemy, laborer. 

Odell, A. J., cabinet maker. 

ODELI., CHAS. W., firm of Odell 
& Harlacher, furniture and undertakers ; 
Main St.; born Nov. 7, 1846, in Essex Co.,. 
N. Y.; in 1864, came to Cedar Falls ; in . 
1868, commenced his present business. 
Married Elida A. Odell in Oct., 186d ; 
she was born May 21, 1850, in Toledo, 
Ohio ; had three children, two living — 
Harry A., born Sept. 4, 1869, and Ed, 
C, born Dec. 25, 1873. 

Oleson, Peter, far., S. 32. 

OLMSTED, F. S., farmer; born 
April 20, 1825, in Wayne Co., N. Y.; in 
March, 1867, came to Cedar Falls; he 
owns five acres with his residence in the 
city, also 65 acres in Sec. 14, and 160 
acres in Sec. 16. Married Jane Wells in 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



503 



1847 ; she was born in 1828, in Wayne 
Co.jN.Y.; have fivechildren — Helen( now 
Mrs. F. H. Peabody), Park C, Flora, 
Bert and George. Are members of the 
M. E. Church. 

Onan, David, grocer. 

O'Neil, Patrick, h^borer. 

Osgood, N. B., laborer. 

Ostegaard, James, farmer. Sec. 34, 

Ottry, P. 0., drayman. 

Overman, E. W., gardener. 

Overman, J. M., farmer, S. 11. 

Overman, W. P., retired, S. 1. 
►ALMER, Amos, laborer. 



P 



PACKARD, J!i. H., attorney ; office 
on Main St.; residence on Sixth st.; born 
Sept. 10, 1828, in Rochester, N. Y.; in 
1 854, came to Cedar Falls, and engaged 
in law and newspaper publishing. Mar- 
ried Z. C. Barnes April 23, 1857 ; she 
was born in 1835, in Rice Lake, Canada ; 
had four children, three living — Clar- 
ence W., Jeffrey G. and Hellen M. Has 
held nearly all the city offices ; has been 
U. S. Commissioner and Postmaster. 
In the Winter of 1857 and 1858, he 
was caught on the prairie in a blind- 
ing storm from the northwest ; was out 
for forty-eight hours, and, in conse- 
quence, had his right leg amputated 
above the ankle. He is a member of 
the Episcopal Church. 

Palmer, A. H., collector. 

Patterson, S., farmer, S. 20. 

Peek, E. C, livery. 

Pennington, L., agent for Am. Ex. Co. 

Perkins, W. J., trader. 

Perry, Marion, prop. Monitor House. 

Petersen, E. A., laborer. 

Petersen, F. L., gardener. 

Peterson, Robert, laborer. 

Pettit, W. H., physician. 

Pfeiffer, H., brewer. 

Pfeiffer, Jacob, brewer, 

Philleo, H., farmer, S. 1. 

PHILIiEO, fllLTOX, farmer, S. 
1 ; born March 16, 1816, in Oneida 
Co., N. Y. ; came to Will Co., 111., in 
1854; in 1863, came to Cedar Falls 
Tp. ; owns 310 aci-es of land, valued at 
$40 per acre. Married Mary Shaw in 
1843; she was born May 16, 1824, in 
Oneida Co., N. Y. ; had ten children, 
nine living — Harriet, Ella, Millard, 
Henry, Halsey, Frank, Grant, Veva 



and Alson. Has been Justice of the 
Peace, School Superintendent and Di- 
rector. 
PHILPOT, (tJEORGE, SR., 

farmer, Sec. 11 ; born June 7, 1817, in 
Belmont Co., Ohio; in the Spring of 
1850, came to his present farm ; owns 
100 acres of land, valued at 050 per 
acre. Married Charlotte Morrison May 
9, 1837 ; she was born in March, 1815, 
in Alleghany Co., Md. ; had thirteen 
children, seven living — Wm. S., John, 
James, George, Shepherd, Margaret 
and Samuel. Has been Justice of the 
Peace and Constable ; also. City Mai-- 
shal. John, George and Charles P. en- 
listed in the war of the rebellion. Chas. 
P. enlisted in the 31st Iowa V. I., in 
1862 ; served about one year and died 
in Aug., 1863, at Andersonville, Ga. 

Philpot, Geo., Jr., for., Sec. 11. 

PHIL.POT, JOHN W., farmer, 
Sees. 2, 3, 10 and 11 ; born Jan. 14, 
1847, in Belmont Co., Ohio; when a 
child, removed with his parents to Sum- 
merfield, Ohio ; in 1855, came to Cedar 
Falls ; he owns 320 acres, valued at S75 
per acre. His father was born Feb. 15, 
1815, in Barnesville, Ohio, and died 
April 15, 1877, in Cedar Falls; his 
mother was born Oct. 27, 1816, in 
Maryland ; she Uves with her son. His 
father has been Mayor of Cedar Falls 
and Town Trustee. His mother is a 
member of the M. E. Church. 

Phinney, C. C, farmer, Sec. 7. 

Phohl, C, laborer. 

Pickton, Peter, merchant tailor. 

Pierce, D. R., shoe store. 

Pierce, S. N., physician. 

PLUMMER, DAXIEL, mining 
operator; born Oct. 26, 1818, in Can- 
ada; in 1848, removed to Ohio; in 
1849, came to Detroit, Mich.; from 
there to Lake Superior; in 1852, re- 
turned to Canada; in 1855, returned 
again to Lake Superior. Enlisted in 
1863; was Captain of Co. A, 27th 
Michigan V. I.; served to the close of 
the war. In 1868, came to Cedar Falls ; 
he owns his residence with about eight 
acres in the city ; also forty-three acres 
in other parts of the city. Married 
Pauline Alondier Nov. 5, 1850 ; she 
was born March 17, 1832, in Canada; 
had ten children, nine living — Elizabeth,. 



504 



DIRECTORl OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Adelaide, John, Carrie, Charles, Daniel, 
Alexander, Fannie and Robert. She is 
a member of the Roman Catholic 
Church ; he is a member of the Epis- 
copal Church. At the age of 18, he 
enlisted in the British army, and served 
during the rebellion. 

Plummer, John, gardener. 

Polk, A. D., attorney. 

Pomeroy, A. L., former, Sec. 27. 

Pomeroy, James T., farmer. Sec. 34. 

POOIiER, O. L<., harness and sad- 
dlery, on Main street, between Second 
and Third streets ; resides on Twelfth 
street; born June 12, 1854, in Mineral 
Point, Wis. ; in 1855, came to Madison, 
Wis. ; in 1858, came to Sparta, Wis. ; 
in 1865, came to McGregor, Iowa; in 
186(3, removed to Rochester, Minn. ; in 
1868, came to Cedar Falls and com- 
menced his present business in 1875. 
Married Elsie West, Dec, 1872; she 
was born in 1853, in N. Y.; have one 
child — Louie, born Dec. 11, 1877. 

Porter, E., farmer, Sec. 34. 

Porter, John R., farmer, Sec. 34. 

Porter, Thomas, farmer, Sec. 34. 

Prouty, Joel, bridge builder. 

Prouty, 0. K., harness maker. 

Pruner, T., laborer. 

"OABUCK,L., laborer. 

Rakers, H., far., S. 35. ' 

Ramback, George, far., S. 6. 

Ramsdell, L. J., omnibus driver. 

Rarrick, George, far., S. 6. 

Rath, Felix, wagon manufactory. 

Raymond, A., retired. 

Raymond, E., far., S. 8. 

Reed, I. M., ftir., S.5. 

Reed, J. M , far., S. 5. 

REED, T. C, farmer, Sec. 5; born 
April 7, 1814, in Lycoming Co., Penn.; 
Oct. 8, 1841, came to Crawford Co., 
Ohio ; April 1, 1857, removed to Cedar 
Falls ; he owns 160 acres of land. Mar- 
ried Mary J. Boyd June 29, 1843 ; she 
was born Jan. 25, 1822, in Shelby Co., 
Ky. ; had five children, three living 
— Luther T., Jane E. and James B. 
Luther T. enlisted in Co. B, 3l8t I. V. 
I. ; served three years, to the close of 
the war. 

Refshange, C, far., S. 14. 

Reinhart, C., laborer. 

Reimchusell, Charles, stone mason. 



Rice, Charles, laborer. 
Rice, 0. B., grocery. 
Richardson, J. R., laborer. 
Ripke, John, laborer. 
Ritter, Cris, laborer. 
Robbins, T. R., hardware. 
Robinson, W. A., carpenter. 
Robinson, Wm., physician. 
Rodenbach, N., grocer. 

rodenberc,;er, edwiw, 

surveyor and civil engineer ; resides cor. 
Ninth and Walnut sts. ; born Dec. 31, 

1837, in Lehigh Co., Penn. ; in 1844, 
came to Waukesha Co., Wis. ; in April, 
1865, came to Cedar Falls; he has fol- 
lowed this business the past twenty 
years. Married Miss Hannah Martin 
June 9, 1861 ; she was born March 27, 

1838, in Montgomery Co., Penn. ; had 
five children, two living — Eddie and 
Frank. She is a member of the Evan- 
gelical Association. Mr. R. is County 
Surveyor. 

Roedhling, Frank, laborer. 
Rohrabacher, A., surveyor. 
Romhilt, G. C, shoemaker. 
Rownd, C. H., far., S. 24. 
Rownd, C. W., far., S. 24. 
Rownd, J. Q.. far., S. 15. 
Rownd, Samuel H , far., S. 24. 
Rownd, S. H., Jr., far., S. 24. 
Rownd, W. H., far., S. 24. 
Rownd, W. M., stock dealer. 
Rownd, W. S., Sec. 24. 
Royce, J. J., Deputy Sheriff. 
Ruby, H. H., teamster. 
Rusehling, C, farmer, Sei*. 14. 
Ryan, Dan'l, laborer. 
(;^AGER, Jetf., ice dealer. 

Sartori, Anton, druggist. 

Sartori, Joseph, farmer. Sec. 2. 

Savage, Dan'l, laborer. 

Savage, E., farmer, Sec. 2. 

Sawyer, F. R., gardener. 

Sawyer, Mons. W., clerk- 

Schenck,, Isaac, farmer, Sec. 1. 

Schmidt, Jorgen, farmer. Sec. 28. 

Seavy, Geo., gairdener. 

SEAVY, RUFUS, retired; born 
A-ug. 9, 1802, in Chester, N. H. ; in 
1847, came to Lawrence, Mass. ; in 
1855, came to Butler Co. ; in 1866, re- 
moved to Cedar Falls ; he owns 4j 
acres with his residence in this city. 
Married Betsey Smith November 16, 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



505 



1835; she was born May 2, 1811, 
in Chester, N. H. ; had four children 
— Charles, enlisted in Co. B, 81st Iowa 
Infantry ; served about nine months, 
and died June 21, 1863, at Walnut 
Hill, Miss. ; the survivors are Meranda 
J. (now Mrs. Speer), Eunice F. (now 
Mrs. Homer Hammond), and Greorge. 
Are members of the M. E. Church. 

Secor, A., carpenter. 

Selby, Chas., laborer. 

Sessions, Fitzroy, grain dealer. 

Sessions, W. H., retired. 

Severin, F. C, clothing. 
• SEVERIN, li. H., druggist, Main 
St., residence, corner Washington and 
Fourth sts ; born Feb. 2, 1842, in Ger- 
many ; in 1853, came to Chicago; in 
1855. removed to Elgin, 111., and was 
five years apprenticed to the drug busi- 
ness. In 1861, enlisted in Co. A, 36th 
Illinois Infantry ; served three years 
and three months, and was honorably 
discharged in 1865. Came to Cedar 
Falls and commenced his present busi- 
ness in 1867. Married Celia Zach in 
1867; she was born in 1851 in Bridge- 
port, Conn. ; have two children — Mary 
and Celia. Are members of the Ger- 
man Lutheran Church. Has been four 
years a meipber of the City Council. 

Severin, Wm., grocer. 

.SHArER,^ArGrSTlIS, farmer. 
Sec. 6 ; born Feb. 24, 1828, in Penn. ; 
in 1834, came to Crawford Co.; in 
1849, came to De Kalb Co., 111.; in 
1852, came to Rockford, 111., and in 
1854, removed to Cedar Falls. He 
owns 165 acres of land. Married Mary 
Hammen in 1853 ; she was born in 
1832 in Westmoreland Co., Penn. ; had 
nine children, seven hving — Emma C, 
Charles H., Elmer E., Simon W., Irene 
E., Burton A. and Delia A. 

Shaver, H. C, printer. 

Sherburne, J. S , printer. 

SHERWOOD, W. A., firm of W. 
B. Sherwood & Co., pottery on First 
street; born April 17, 1842, in Attica, 
N. Y. ; the same year came with his 
parents to Whitewater, Wis. ; in 1858, 
came to Green Lake Co., Wis.; in 1866, 
came to Eldora, Iowa; in 1867, re- 
moved to Cedar Falls. Married Jose- 
phine Tolman in 1865 ; she was born 
April 10, 1846, in Worcester, Mass.; 



had three children, two living — Hattie 
and Nellie. 

Shequin, L., laborer. 

Shequin, L., Jr., laborer. 

Shields, Patrick, railroad. 

SHOCKEY, C. C, restaurant and 
confectionery. Main street ; born June 
29, 1847, in Fountain Co., Ind. ; in 
1856, removed to Iowa City, Iowa ; in 
1862, came to Danville, 111.; in 1866, 
returned to Iowa City; in 1867, came 
to West Liberty ; the same year, to 
Brooklyn, Iowa ; in 1868, came to Iowa 
Falls, and in the Fall removed to Cedar 
Falls; in 1870, came to Waterloo; in 

1872, came to Parkersburg, Iowa ; in 

1873, came to Eldora, then to Osage; in 
the Spring of 1874, came to Cedar 
Falls. Married Henrietta F. Foss April 
23, 1870 ; she was born Jan. 31, 1853, 
in Janesville, Wis ; have one child — 
Henry C, born June 24, 1876. 

Shoults, J. C, farmer. Sec. 31. 

Shouse, C, proprietor Farmers' Home. 

Showers, Wm., laborer. 

Shuller, Wm., tailor. 

Shulz, C. C, farmer. Sec. 32. 

Smallpage, 8. G., clerk. 

Smilcer, Wm., farmer. Sec. 14. 

Smith, A. S., farmer. Sec. 23. 

SMITH, A. S., Mayor, and dealer in 
real estate ; residence corner Third and 
Washington streets; born Aug. 24, 
1814, in Litchfield, Conn. ; in 1817, 
came with his parents to Bradford Co., 
Penn. ; in 1841, commenced the general 
merchandise business, and so continued 
till 1854, when he removed to New 
York City and engaged in the commis- 
sion business for about two years ; in 
1856, removed to Cedar Falls. Married 
Sarah M. Baldwin Oct. 10, 1841 ; she 
was born in 1819, in Connecticut; have 
four children — Robert S., Sarah A., 
Edward P. and Ella S. Mrs. S. is a 
member of the Presbyterian Church. 

Smith, D. W., laborer. 

Smith, G. F., far., S. 25. 

Smith, John, far., S. 20. 

Smith, Jas., proprietor cheese fiictory. 

Smith, J. E , clerk. 

Smith, J. AV., clerk. 

Smith, Luther, laborer. 

Smith, Stephen, far., S. 7. 

Snow, Geo. A., prop. Monitor House. 

Snyder, Charles, engineer. 



506 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Snyder, C. W., Postmaster. 
SXY'DER, E. A., editor Cedar Falls 

Gazette. 
Snyder, W. C, clerk postoffice. 
Sondergaard, J., laborer. 
Sorrenson, C., saloon. 
Spaulding, A., bridge builder. 
Stark, E. E., laborer. 
Stam, C, tinner. 
Stanley, J. H., jeweler. 
Stead, E. M., carriage manufacturer. 
Stellar, Joseph, carpenter. 
Stewart, W. B.,mail agent. 
Stickney, W. H., Alderman. 
Stillter, D. B., laborer. 
Stitler, Samuel, laborer. 
Stitler, W. C, carpenter. 
Stone, C, laborer. 
Stone, Joel, laborer. 
Stowe, G. M., speculator. 
Strong, Frank, dyer. 
Sturtevant, I. W., dentist. 
Sullivan, Patrick, section boss. 
Sweet, John, teamster. 
rpAUBMAN, W. P., farmer, Sec. 15. 

Taylor, George W., laborer. 

Taylor, L., bar tender. 

Thomas, P. H., farmer. Sec. 3. 

Thomas, W. H., farmer. Sec. 7. 

THOMPSON, A. €}., firm of Thomp- 
son & Co., hardware, Main St. ; residence 
cor. Clay and Sixth sts. ; born Jan. 9, 
1831, in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; in 1847, 
came to Tompkins Co., N. Y. ; in 1852, 
removed to JSew YorkCity ; in 1856, 
came to Chicago, and in the Fall of 1857, 
returned to New York City ; remained 
there till July, 18G2, then returned to 
Chicago, and in January, 1863, 
1863, came to Cedar Falls. Married 
Harriet Huntington June, 1867; she 
was born in 1840, in Oswego Co., N. Y.; 
had four children, three living — Mary 
H., Bertha May and Harry E. Mem- 
bers of the Congregational Church. Has 
been School Director. 

Thompson, A. J., druggist. 

THOMPSON, JONIAH, firm of 

Thompson & Co., hardware. Main st. ; 
resides cor. Seventh and Washington 
sts. ; born Jan. 5, 1829, in Livingston 
Co., N. Y. ; in 1853, came to Chicago, 
and in 1863, removed to Cedar Falls and 
commenced their present business. Mar- 
ried Clara Lathrop January, 1856; she 



was born in Massachusetts in 1830 
have six children — Alice L., Jennie F.' 
Edwin, Annie, M aud and Madge. Alice 
and Jennie are members of the Presby- 
terian Church. He is a Trustee of the 
same chui'ch. Has been Town Trustee 
and member of the City Council. 

Thorpe, B., Jr., merchant. 

Thorpe, G. H., attorney. 

TIL.L.ER, H.D., firm of Tiller Bros., 
blacksmiths, Washington st. ; born June 
13, 1845, in Mercer Co., Va. ; in 1869, 
came to Tama Co., Iowa ; in 1874, came 
to Cedar Falls. Married Elizabeth 
Whitteker July 18, 1865 ; she was born 
Jan. 14, 1846, in Giles Co., Va. ; have 
three children — John A., Thomas J. 
and Nellie V. 

Tiller, T. J., blacksmith. 

Tollerton, J. J., attorney. 

TOIVDRO, C. H., soap manufactory ; 
born April 27, 1851, in Boone Co., Wis.; 
in 1859, came to Cedar Falls. His father 
and brother-in-law established this busi- 
ness in 1869. Married Emma Stowell 
April 27, 1873; she was born in May, 
1857, in Manchester, Iowa; have two 
children — Maud, born May 9, 1875, and 
Lena, born April 7, 1876. Are mem- 
bers of the Baptist Church. 

Torry, A. C, cattle dealer. 

Townsend, E., grain. 

Tucker, George, paper and old iron. 

"YTAIL, A. T., grocer. 

Vanderlip, L. P., retired. 

VAIVDER VAART, S., DR., 

office in Wise & Bryant's drug store ; 
resides corner Main and Twelfth streets ; 
born Aug. 13, 1820, in Holland; 
in 1861, he came to Milwaukee. In 
1862, he enlisted in the 26th Wis. V. I. 
as First Asst. Surgeon, and in 1864 
was promoted to the Surgeoncy of the 
same regiment ; remained till the close 
of the war, and was honorably dis- 
charged in 1865. Returned to Europe, 
and came back the same year and set- 
tled in Cedar Falls. Married Catha- 
rine Van Nierop in 1849, in Holland; 
she was born in Sept., 1832, in Holland ; 
they had six children, five living — 
Henry W., Simon, Catharine, Cornelius 
and Sarah. Members of the Congre- 
gational Church. Has been a member 
of the School Board. 



CEDAR FALLS TOWNSHIP. 



507 



Van Devun, H. R., clerk. 

Van Haser, propr. Commercial Hotel. 

\AJi MKTER I., editor Eecord. 

Van Norden. J. J., clerk. 

Van Saun, Gr. B., grain. 

TTTAGONER, C, laborer. 

Wallace, J. G., manuf. of mattresses. 

WALIiACE, W. W., music dealer 
and speculator, Main street ; was born 
in St. Joseph Co., Mich., in 1832. 
Married Lovila C. Parshal, in 1860 ; 
she was born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., in 
1842. Came to this county in 1864, 
settling in Cedar Falls, where he en- 
gaged in the livery business, following 
the same until 1874, when he opened 
his present music store. Owns farm in 
Mt. Vernon Township of 120 acres in 
Sec. 26, valued at $4,000. They have 
one child — Indie. 

Walters, H., farmer, Sec. 30. 

Ward, Warner, laborer. 

Warner, Joseph, laborer. 

Warren, L. W., physician. 

Waugh, J. H., clerk. 

Weisbard, F., carpenter. 

West. J. W., laborer. 

WETLAXFER, C. W., farmer. 
Sec. 30 ; born April 1, 1854, in Indi- 
ana; in 1874, came to Iowa ; works his 
father-in-law's farm, consisting of 260 
acres of land. He was married to Eliza- 
beth Martin March 4, 1875 ; she was 
born in 1853, in Wisconsin ; her father, 
John Martin, was born Feb. 14, 1811, 
in Brandywine Co., Del. ; in 1814, came 
to Philadelphia; in 1837, came to Wis- 
consin ; in 1866, came to Cedar Falls 
Tp. He married Mary M. Listen 
in 1834; she was born in 1815, in 
Pennsylvania ; had nine children, seven 
living — Mary A., Hannah, Louisa, 
James, Henry, Emma and Elizabeth. 
Are members of the Evangelical Church. 

Wheeler, H. N., laborer. 

Whitbeck, P., laborer. 

White, B. F., grain. 

White, F. 0., clerk. 

Whitlock, I. H., life ins. ast. 

Whitney, Wm., far., S. 30'.' 

WII.L.IAMS, DEWITT C, Ce 
dar Falls Nursery ; born in Boston, Erie 
<'o., N. Y., March 21, 1827 ; removed to 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y. in 1835; lived there 
until 1848, when he removed to Winneba- 



go Co., 111.; resided in that county three 
years, then removed to Freeport, Ste- 
phenson Qo., Ill, where he lived until 
May, 1861, when he came to Cedar 
Falls. Mr. Williams had been engaged 
in the nursery business for ten years ; 
previously for eighteen years, he was 
engaged in the photograph business. He 
married Sarah M. Foye March 23, 
1869 ; she was born in Cattaraugus Co., 
N. Y.; Mr. Williams has, by former 
marriage, one son — Frank R. Mr. and 
Mrs. Williams are memljers of the First 
Presbyterian Church of Cedar Rapids. 
WILLIAMS, D. C & CO., deal- 
ers in all kinds of Northern hardy 
fruit trees — crab apples a specialty ; 
twenty-five kinds of crab apples growing 
in their nursery ; they range in size 
from the Hyslop to the the Duchesse, 
or Gross Pomier ; twelve Minnesota va- 
rieties, all perfectly hardy, ripening in 
every month of the year ; some of the 
leading crabs are Daomie, Minnesota, 
Soulard. Gen. Grant and Hesper Blush ; 
all of those are as large as common ap- 
ples. The Russian crab is the largest 
of the Russian family ; it will stand 
fifty to sixty degrees of cold — ripe in 
July ; choice eating and cooking, sub- 
acid, good for drying, early and profuse 
bearer. Pembina crab as large as Gross 
Pomier ; originated in Pembina, British 
America; cross between Transcendent 
and Duchess of Oldenberg ; large as the 
Duchess splashed with red ; subacid, 
and ripe in August and September. 
Pomona Crab is a remarkable Hybrid, 
a cross between Tetofsky and Pom 
Royal, an annual and abundant bearer, 
fruit large, cheese-like in shape, and 
dark red and hardy as an oak. Farmer 
Crab is a seedling from Hyslop, cross 
between the Hyslop and Ben Davis ; 
the best winter apple known of crab va- 
riety ; size of Fameuse. The following 
is a list of some of the delicious crab 
apples and Hybrid apples, or crosses be- 
tween the crab and apple. They ripen 
in the following order : 1 st, Early 
Strawberry, last of June ; 2d, Early 
Russia, July 15 ; 3d, Tetofsky ; 4th, 
Hesper Blush, September. This apple 
is four times as large as Transcendent, 
and is a choice eating apple ; 5th, Or- 
ange l^'ellow, October to February ; fine 



508 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



for cooking, eating and preserves ; 6tli, 
Gen. G-rant ; large as Fameuse, a good 
keeper, and a choice eating apple ; will 
keep until March ; 7th, Minnesota, the 
very best of the winter varieties, for all 
purposes, January to April, large as E. 
G. Kusset ; 8th, Daomie. This remark- 
able crab is a cross between the Hyslop 
and Yellow Bell Flower ; measures 
twelve inches in circumference, and is 
as fine a grower and good a keeper as 
the Yellow Bell Flower ; this is the 
largest and most beautiful crab apple in 
the world. Quaker Beauty and Sou- 
lard are the longest keepers of all the 
crabs ; the Quaker Beauty is fine for 
cooking and eating, and is very desirable 
on account of its long-keeping quality ; 
the Soulard is equal to the quince for 
preserves ; every man should have one 
or more of each of the varieties men- 
tioned ; no finer stock can be found to 
select from than that kept by Mr. Will- 
iams. He deals, extensively in other 
fruit trees, but he is giving his attention 
largely to bringing before the people the 
most choice varieties of crab apples. It 
is impossible to give here a complete de- 
scription of his extensive stock, but the 
citizens of Iowa would do well to ex- 
amine the desirable fruit trees, which 
will be found in this nursery. All or- 
ders will be filled promptly ; correspond- 
ence solicited. 

Wild, Daniel, far., S. 16. 

Wiler, D., far., S. 4. 

Wiler, H. J., far., S. 14. 

Wiler, Noah, far., S. 14. 

Wiler, W. F., far., S. 14. 

Williard, Daniel, stone mason. 

Williams, D. C, gardener. 



Williams, W. T., merchant. 

Willie, J. W., laborer. 

Willis, James, laborer. 

Wilson, G. M., far., S. 8. 

Wilson, James H., wool mills. 

Wilson, Joseph H., retired. 

Wilson, M., far., S. 8. 

Wilson, Shephard, dry goods. 

Winkoop, C, Novelty Works. 

Winkoop, F. G., Novelty Works. 

Wise, C. A., druggist. 

Wood, 0. B., mason. 

WOOD, SAMUEL H., farmer, Sec. 
1 ; also dealer in butter and eggs ; born 
Feb. 12, 1856, in Rockford, 111. ; 1865, 
came to Cedar Falls, and removed to his 
present farm in 1878 ; owns 100 acres, 
valued at $30 per acre. Married Ellen 
D. Jones Jan. 1, 1878 ; she was born 
Dec. 7, 1858, in Wisconsin. His father 
died in Rockford, 111. ; his mother now 
lives in Cedar Falls. 

Wood, Wm., far., S. 6. 

Wylde, Thomas, laborer. 

W YTH, JOHN, merchant tailor and 
gents' furnishing. Main st. ; born Dec, 
1833, in Dublin, Ireland ; in 1861, came 
to New York City ; the same year, came 
to Cedar Falls. Married Anna Bacon 
Jan. 24, 1864; she was born in 1840, 
in London, Eng. ; her cousin, John 
George Bacon, is Vice-Chancellor of 
England ; they have seven children — 
Katie, Mathew, Rosanna Margaret, 
Mary E., George J., Thomas H. and 
Francis Joseph. Is a Republican. 

"Y^OCKSTICK, ADAM, farmer. 

Young, J. W., physician. 
n^EiSlNG, J. F., life ins. agt. 




BIG CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



50^ 



BIG 



A BBOTT, W. H., farmer. 

Adams, J. C liveryman. 
Allen, Smiley, blacksmith. 
Amburn, Amos, carpenter. 
Anthony, C W. , minister. 
Armstrong, S. E., farmer. Sec. 21. 
"OAHR, BENJ., farmer. Sec. 12. 

BAIiLHEIM, JACOB, farmer, 
Sec. 30 ; born in Washington Co., Wis., 
in 1845. Married Eva Fisher in 1868 ; 
she was born in Germany in 1845 ; they 
have two children — Lizzie and Annie. 
Came to this county in March, 1871, 
and settled on his present place consist- 
ing of eighty acres, valued at $50 per 
acre. Enlisted in Co. A, 51st Wiscon- 
sin Infantry, in 1865, and served six 
months, when he was honorably dis- 
charged. 

Bahr, Levi, farmer, Sec. 12. 

Baldwin, J. C. farmer. Sec. 25. 

Ballou, Frank, harness maker. 

Bauman, James C, carpenter. 

Barnes, B. F., mason. 

Barnes, Ezra, farmer. Sec. 33. 

Beedenbender, H., farmer. Sec. 30. 

Belenger, F., farmer. Sec. 9. 

Belzer, L., Sr., farmer. Sec. 34. 

Benorton, R., farmer, Sec. 9. 

Benson, I., farmer, Sec. 6. 

BEREXD, PETER, merchant tai- 
lor. Main street ; was born in Ger- 
many May 11, 1840 ; emigrated to this 
country Dec. 18, 1865, first settling in 
Wood Co., Ohio, and came to this 
county March 18, 1869, settling in 
Waterloo, and working at his trade. He 
married Catherine Tout in April, 1866 ; 
she was born in Germany Sept. 18, 
1848. Came and opened his present 
business in this city Feb. 22, 1878 ; owns 
farm of eighty acres in Cedar Tp., where 
his family reside. Nettie, Nicholas, 
Phrona and Ann are his children. 

BERRY, DANIEL, farmer, Sec. 
30 ; born in Canada East in 1827, and 
emigrated to Stephenson Co., 111., in 
1847, where he married Adaline Allard 
in 1850 ; she was born in the same 
place in 1833. George F., Wm. H. 
and Cora A. are their children. Mr. B. 



CREEK TOWNSHIP. 

(P. 0. LA PORTE CITY.) 

was one of the earliest settlers in Ste- 
phenson Co., where, by his industry and 
earnest perseverance, he has gained his 
present position in life. The estate he 
now occupies, and upon which he set- 
tled, and purchased in April, 1870, con- 
sists of 1,300 acres of land, valued at 
$50,000. 
BISHOP, CHARL.es a., attor- 
ney. Main St.; born in Waukesha Co., 
W"is., in 1853. Married Mary D. Dow 
in Nov., 1873 ; she was born in the 
same county in 1856 ; have one child — 
Alvord L. Commenced his studies with 
Bingham it Weed, at Palmyra, with 
whom he remained until 1873, when he 
moved to New London, Waupaca Co., 
Wis., where he first opened his ofiice, 
and where he continued until 1875, 
when he came to this county, and occu- 
pied his present place. Was elected 
Mayor in the Spring of 1877, and filled 
that office one term ; upon retiring from 
that position, was elected City Attorney, 
and still holds that office. 

BISHOP, tiEORGE S., attorney 
at law; born in Livingston Co., N. Y., 
May 9, 1850. Married Mariah Seaman 
May 13, 1877 ; she was born in Grant 
Co., Ind., June 11, 1855. Graduated 
at the Iowa State University at Iowa 
City, and was admitted to the bar June 
25, 1872. Came to this county with his 
parents in April, 1856, where he has 
since made his home. 

Bitterly, S., farmer, S. 8. 

BOY^TOlf, F. S., druggist; born 
in Worcester Co., Mass., Oct. 19, 1824 ; 
settled with his parents in Essex Co., 
N. Y"., in 1832 ; emigrated to Francis 
Co.. Mo., in 1849 ; returned to Troy, 
N. Y., in 1853, and moved to Poweshiek 
Co., Iowa, in 1856, and settled in this 
city in 1866, where he opened business 
in the Fall of that year. Married Ma- 
riah Tomlinson July 6, 1848 ; they 
have three children — Lettie L., Flor- 
ence M. and Mary M. ; lost one child. 
In 1863, he enlisted in 44th Iowa V. I., 
Company E, and served about six 
months. 

Bradfield, W. R., farmer, S. 20. 

Brainard, S. P., attorney. 



510 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



BRAVOfDER, ALBERT, ferm 
er, Sec. 27 ; born in Koxhan, C. E., in 
1841. Married Lucy Lyon in 1875; 
she was born in Clayton Co., Iowa, in 
18-t-4 ; have one child — Winfield. Came 
to this county with his parents July 4, 
1855, and settled on his present estate 
of 240 acres, valued at ^40 per acre. 
Is one of the early settlers. Has held 
the offices of Assessor and Road Super- 
visor, and is well known. 

Brown, F. S., farmer, Sec. 16. 

Brown, Joseph L., insurance agent. 

Brown, Thomas, farmer, Sec. 15. 

Brown, T. H., farmer, Sec. 7. 

Bruce, B. F., farmer, Sec. 1. 

Buchan, W. H., merchant. 

Bunton, Thos., far. and pi'op. of hotel. 

Burnham, F. F., agricultural implements. 

Butler, W. H., Principal high school. 

i^ALEY, R. V. S., dealer in stock. 

Camp, Asa, farmer. Sec. 19. 
Carney, John, farmer, See. 10. 
CHAD WICK, DAVID, farmer, 

Sec. 33 ; born in Berkshire Co., Mass., 
May 28, 1815. Married Clarinda L. 
Judd June 18. 1843; she was born in 
Trumbull Co., Ohio, March 14, 1824 ; 
have six children — John J., Annie J., 
Lola L., Gilbert L., Jason D. and Mer- 
rit M. Came to this State and settled 
in Bremer Co. in 1852 ; settled on his 
present farm in 1875, consisting of 110 
acres ; valued at $30 per acre. 

ChampHn, Hiram, farmer, Sec. 3. 

CHAPIN B. A., firm of Bangor & 
Chapin, dealers in boots and shoes ; born 
in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Nov. 25, 1852; 
came to this county with his parents in 
May, 1854. Married Fannie Simmons 
Jan. 4, 1877 ; she was born near Cleve- 
land, Ohio, Feb. 9, 1859. Entered the 
copartnership Feb. 6, 1876. 

Chappie, H., farmer, Sec. 10. 

Chappie, Wm., expressman. 

Clinton, B., farmer, Sec. 18. 

CLARK & SUSOXG, meat 
market ; the senior of this firm, Wm. 
Clark, was born in Lower Canada, in 
1845, and came to this county with his 
parents in 1856. The junior partner, 
Henry Sussong, was born in Wyoming 
Co., N. Y., in 1842 ; came to Washing- 
ton Co., Wis., in 1847, with his parents, 
and to this county April 3, 1863. Dec. 



3, 1863, enlisted in Co. D, 32d I. V. I., 
and wa.s honorably discharged in June, 
1866. Married Mina Young Nov. 14, 
1866, in Wa'^hington Co., Wis., where 
she was born Sept. 20, 1846 ; their chil- 
dren are Charles and Eddy. Opened 
their place of business in this village in 
March, 1875. 

Clark, Edward W., dentist. 

Clark, W. B., Sr., butcher. 

COGGIXS, H., editor, local. 

Colvin, Alvah, farmer, Sec. 29. 

Cooper, H. W., farmer, Sec. 35. 

COOPER, S. p., farmer, Sec. 35 
born in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, in 1819 
Married Lucy E. Bonnelle in 1843 
she was born in same county in 1823 
they emigrated to this county in June, 
1854, and settled on his present estate 
consisting of 240 acres, valued at $40 
per acre ; was one of the earliest set- 
tlers in this town and has experienced 
all the hardships of pioneer life. Has 
two children — Ward, and Wirt, who 
married Effie Moon in 1875 ; she was 
born in Kane Co., 111., in 1853, and 
has one child — Ray. Mr. Cooper lost 
one son, who enlisted in Co. D. 31st I. 
V. I., and died of disease contracted at 
Memphis, Tenn., after a service of eight 
months. Has been Justice of the 
Peace and Assessor, and is well known 
throughout the town and county. 

Cooper, Wirt, fiirmer, Sec. 35. 

Corkins, C, farmer, Sec. 13. 

Cotton, Allen, hotel proprieter. 

COUXTRYMAX, JOHN, farmer, 
Sec. 33 ; born in Montgomery Co., N. 
Y., in 1807, and married Ellen Christ- 
man in 1828 ; she was born in Herki- 
mer Co., N. Y., in 1807 ; they have 
seven children living — Nicholas, Henry, 
Nancy, Isaac, Martha, Sallie and 
Adelia; lost seven children. Came to 
this county in October, 1867, and set- 
tled on his present estate of eighty 
acres, valued at $30 per acre. Are 
members of the Evangelical Church. 

Cotton, Noah, carpenter. 

Crowell, Wilbur, carpenter. 

DARLING, J. B., physician. 
Day, A. N., carpenter. 
Deeds, M., carpenter. 
Depew, M. S., millinery merchant. 
Dodson, Jesse, proprietor La Porte House. 
Dolph, E., farmer, Sec. 12. 



BIG CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



511 



E 



DWARDS, THOMAS, far., Sec. 21. 



EBERHART, J. S., dealer in 
hardware, Main street; was born in 
Fayette Co., Penn., in February, 18-41 ; 
with parents moved to Rock Island 
Co., 111., and to Waterloo, Iowa, in Sep- 
tember, 1857. Married Ella Payne 
Dec. 24, 1872 ; she was born in Ashta- 
bula Co., Ohio, Feb. U, 1849. En- 
listed in Co. A, 20th I. V. I., July 24, 
1862; was honorably discharged Aug. 
4, 18G5 ; came to this city, commencing 
his present business in 1867. 

EL WELL, J. H., proprietor of the 
La Porte City Flouring Mill ; born in 
Knox Co., Ohio, Nov. 6, 1818. Mar- 
ried Sarah Reed in Union Co., Ohio, in 
1847 ; she was born in the same county 
Sept. 6, 1823, and after his marriage, 
engaged in milling at Millford Center 
for eight years. Came to this county in 
1854, and settled in Waterloo, where he 
engaged in the mercantile business and 
milling, and in 1863 went to California, 
returning in 1864, and engaged in busi- 
ness at Waterloo ; also purchased his 
present property the same year, and 
commenced operations in the mill in 
1866. Martha, Ida and Albert are his 
children. 

Emmert, David, farmer. Sec. 32. 

Emmert, Sol, farmer. Sec. 32. 

EVARTS, A. M., physician and 
surgeon ; born in Crittenden Co., Vt., 
Oct. 2, 1843. Married Alice Haddock 
June 1, 1873 ; she was born in Water- 
loo, this county, Aug. 11, 1852 ; gradu- 
ated at the Louisville Medical School, 
Louisville, Ky., March 31, 1871 ; first 
commenced to practice April 3, 1871. 
Gracie B., born Nov. 6, 1877, is their 
only child. 

THEATHERLY, DAVID, contractor. 

FEi^LES, GEORGE W., farmer, 
Sec. 22 ; born in Lycoming Co., Penn., 
in 1820. Married Hannah Edwards in 
1851 ; she was born in the same county 
in 1831; have four children — Caroline, 
William, Sylvester and Phoebe ; lost 
one child, which died in infancy; came 
to this county in September, 1867, and 
settled on his present farm of 175 acres, 
valued at $40 per acre. Are members 
of the Evangelical Church. 



Fegles, W., far., S. 12. 

Felton, P., speculator. 

Fisher, J. H., carpenter. 

Foss, B. v., far.,S. 10. 

Fox, E. K., far., S. 16. 

FOX, WILLIAM L., retired land- 
lord ; was born in Columbia Co., Penn., 
Feb. 15, 1827. Married Sarah Watts 
Feb. 1, 1845, who was born in the same 
county Nov. 30, 1825, and died Nov. 7, 
1873 ; have six children living — Cath- 
ran, Syros, Christiana, Mary, John and 
Jessie. Emigrated and settled where this 
city now stands June 18, 1855, and is 
one of the pioneers of the township. Has 
held the office of Postmaster four years, 
and has been prominently identified in 
the county since he settled here. 

Fritzsinger, F. M., boots and shoes. 

Fry, Martin, far., S. 14. 

Fuller, J. T., market. 

QANNON, JAMES, railroad con- 
ductor. 
Gates, H. F., far., S. 11. 
Gill, John, far., S. 10. 
Gohlkie, Wm., merchant. 
Good, C, far., S. 29. 
Green, John, Chief Engineer. 
~| TAHN, JOHN, harness maker. 

Hamilton, W. W., far., S. 4. 

HAlfGER, JOHN S., farmer, Sec. 
33 ; born in Somerset Co., Penn., in 
1815, and married Harriet Lentin in 
1843 ; she was born in the same county 
in 1 823 ; have eight children living — 
Sarah A., Daniel C, Noah, Hiram, El- 
vira, John W., Michael and William ; 
have lost four children — Siras, Mary J., 
Lydia and Anna. Came to this county 
in 1866, and settled in Waterloo, where 
he resided two years, when he moved on 
his present estate of 400 acres, valued 
at .$30 per acre. Is Elder of the Evan- 
gelical Church, having filled that posi- 
tion for thirteen years past. 

Hansel, Geo. C, blacksmith. 

HARMON, WILLIAM, farmer. 
Sec. 30 ; born in Indiana in 1813. 
Married Hannah F. Thompson in 1832 ; 
she was born in Virginia in 1816, and 
died in 1866. He married Elizabeth 
Rice in 1868 ; she was born in Ohio in 
1825. Has thirteen children by his 
first wife — Mary J., James C, 
William N., Nancy A. Richard 

4 



512 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



E., who enlisted in Co. E, 32d I. V. 
I., and died at Vicksburg ; Martha, 
Charles, Hiram M., David N., George 
W., Sarah E., Hannah P., Albert T. ; 
lost one child — Elizabeth. Came to this 
county in 1856, and settled in Spring 
Creek, and in 1855, settled on his present 
estate of 155 acres, valued at $60 per 
acre. 

Harvey S.^ Justice of the Peace. 

Hawfas, Frederick, farmer, S. 20. 

Hayday, (). M., farmer, Sec. 24. 

HJBATH, ROI>OL.PHUS, C., 
nurseryman, Sec. 26 ; born in Caledonia 
Co., Vt., in 1820. Married Margaret 
Allred in 1848 ; she was born in Wayne 
Co., Ind., in 1840, and died leav- 
ing eight children — Emma J., Betty, 
Sarah, H. Courtney, Alice J. Lea- 
vette, and Rodolphus C, Jr.; they 
have lost two children — Eva and 
Gertie E. His present wife, Pris- 
cilla A. Gee, was born in Delaware 
Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; they were married 
in the Summer of 1877 ; they have two 
children — Maud and Bunn R. Came 
to this county in March, 1865, and 
settled on his present estate, consisting 
of 150 acres, valued at $65 per acre. 
Are members of the Presbyterian 
Church. Held the office of Trustee 
two years. 

Helm, VV. R., speculator. 

Hill, William, bakery. 

Hock, Martin, farmer. 

HOFMASTKR, A., farmer. Sec. 
33 ; born in Prussia in 1842 ; emigrated 
to this country in 1847 ; settled in 
Stephenson Co., 111., where he remained 
until 1868, when he removed to Ackley, 
and resided one year, and moved to 
Waverly the same year. Married 
Emma Anthony in 1868 ; she was born 
in Pennsylvania in 1 849 ; they have 
four children — Frank E., Jennie A., 
Freddie J. and Annie N. From 
Waverly he moved to Cerro Gordo Co., 
and in the Fall of 1877, he came to this 
county and settled on his present farm 
of eighty acres, valued at $35 per acre. 

Horning, James, boot and shoemaker. 

HUDSON, FREDERICK, far , 
Sec. 33 ; born in London, England, in 
1826. Married Catharine Bahr in 
1848 ; she was born in France in 1828 ; 
they have five children — Charles H., 



Albert A., Frederick W., Lydia A. and 
Katie J. Emigrated in 1836 with his 
father, and settled in New York City, 
where he lived until 1836, when he 
moved to Jefferson Co., N. Y., and in 
1849, came West and settled in Brown 
Co., Wis. ; in 1864, he came to this 
county and settled in this township, 
and on the farm he now occupies in 
1875. He owns eighty acres of land 
on Sec. 28. Members of the Evan- 
gelical Church. 

Hummell, Charles, farmer, S. 21. 

Hummell, D. J., farmer, S. 30. 

Hungerford, A. S., banker. 

Hunter, Richard, shoemaker. 

Hussman, Joseph, firmer, S. 16. 
GO, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 6. 



I 



Igo, J. H., farmer, S. 13. 
Ingersoll, C. T., banker, retired. 

JAMES, ISAAC, people's drug 
store ; was born in Marshall Co., 111., 
Sept. 18, 1850. Married Esther Good- 
rich, of Linn Co., Iowa, May 27, 1874; 
born in Vergennes, Vt., Jan. 22, 1854 ; 
was engaged as drug clerk at the age of 1 5 
years ; emigrated to this city June 1 , 
1872 ; commenced his present business 
in October, 1873. Eva A., born March 
13, 1875, is their only child. 
TZ ELLER, ADAM, barber. 

1 Kennedy, N. R., farmer, S. 29. 
Kennedy, Robert, farmer, S. 28. 
Kennicott, Asa, farmer. Sec. 22. 
i Kennicott, A. J., far., S. 31. 
i Kennicott, James, Pound Master. 
; KENNICOTT, LEVI, retired far.; 
born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., Jan. 
16, 1804 ; moved to Cattaraugus Co., N. 
Y., in 1819. Was married in Canada, 
to Abbie Hayes Sept. 14, 1828 ; she was 
I born in Storman Co., Canada, Nov. 22, 
i 1812; have three children living — Asa 
I J., Mary J. and Esther. Emigrated to 
Kenosha Co., Wis., in 1831, and in 1833, 
moved to Chicago, and June 16, 1854, 
! settled in this township, which he has 
since made his home. 
Kettering, A., far., S. 9. 
Kettering, Conrad, far., S. 31. 
KIN<i}, ANDREW J., farmer, S. 
32 ; born in Indiana Oct. 4, 1834. 
Married Olesa A. Nolen in 1857 ; she 
was born in Greene Co., Ind., in 1838 ; 



BIG CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



513 



have one child Orren. Came to this 
State in 1852, and settled in Benton 
Co., and in 1868, came to this county 
and settled on his farm, consisting of 
twenty-four acres of land, valued at 
$850. 

King, John, far., S. 32. 

Kline, A., far., S. 30. 

Kline, A. E., far.,S. 11. 

Kline, Elisha, far., S. 10. 

Kline, W. L., far., S. 13. 

Klinuaman, J. G., lumber merc-hant. 

KNOWLES, GEORGE A., 

farmer, Sec. 35 ; born in Hillsboro Co., 
N. H., in 1811, and married Sarah A. 
Meador in 1836 ; she was born in New- 
bury, Vt., in 1815; have seven living 
children — Wilbur F., Nancy A., George 
W., Byron L. B., Woodbury A., Emma 
D. and Ada May. Came to this county 
in the Spring of 1854, and settled on 
Sec. 27, and is one of the earliest set- 
tlers in the town, there being but four 
permanent settlers at that time. Du- 
buque and Muscatine were his nearest 
markets. He has experienced all the 
hardships of pioneer life ; many anec- 
dotes of his early life are interesting. 
Was Justice of the Peace one term, and 
has been identified with the interests of 
the town and county. Owns 200 acres 
of land, valued at S60 per acre, and has 
one of the finest orchards on his place 
in the county. 

KREBS, MARTIX, farmer. Sec. 
28 ; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., in 
1837. Married Mary C. Reichart in 
1861 ; she was born in Prussia in 1838 ; 
have eight children — Mary E., George 
•J., Ida May, Emma, Ellen, Mary, Frank 
R. and Gertie J ; lost one child — Susan. 
Came to this county in 1861, and settled 
on his present estate of forty acres, val- 
ued at $40 per acre. 

X ANE, R. M., Merchant. 

Leech, J. R., far., S. 23. 
Lesher, J. L., far., S. 26. 
Ludlow, George, far., S. 24. 
Ludlow, W. H. D., jeweler. 
Luneman, H., blacksmith. 

McFAYDEN, JOHN C, wagon 
maker. 
McGrow, John, far., S. 27. 
McKirryher, H., for., S. 26. 
McQuilkin, R. J., far., S. 6. 



Mayes, Thomas, farmer, Sec. 27. 

Meeker, Columbus, farmer, Sec. 1 1 . 

Miles, Oscar, farmer, Sec. 25. 

Mitchell, H. J., farmer, Sec. 29. 

Moon, O. B., retired firmer. Sec. 9. 

Moore, A. ¥., firmer, Sec. 29. 

Moore, J. E., farmer. Sec. 35. 

Motts, G., farmer, Sec. 7. 

MOUETON, FREEIIAN, farmer. 
Sec. 35; born in Canada in 1807. 
Married Louisa Ballard, widow of Eras- 
tus Burnham, who was born in Orange 
Co., Vt., in 1829, was married in 1851, 
and he died in 1869; they had three 
children — Leslie A., Silas E. and Marcus 
W. Mr. Burnham enhsted in Co. D, 
24th I. V. I., Feb. 29, 1862, and served 
three years, and died from disease con- 
tracted from service to his country. In 
August, 1871, she married Freeman 
Moulton, and first settled in Tama Co. 
in 1851, where they remained until 1856, 
when ihey came to this county and set- 
tled on their present estate, valued at 
$45 per aci'e. Are members of the 
Free-Will Baptist Church. 

Mullen, John, farmer. Sec. 20. 

nVrriCHOLS, JOS. H., gardener and 

JL^ mason. 

XEWTOX, MARTIN E., dealer 
in drugs and medicines, toilet and fancy 
goods, etc., Main st.; born in Freeport, 
Stephenson Co., 111., May 27, 1851. 
Married Sophia Barry Oct. 25, 1876 ; 
she was born in Freeport, Stephenson 
Co., 111., May 26, 1852. Mr. N. is the 
oldest son of Seth Newton, who was 
born in Canada East Aug. 29, 1822, 
and married Anna M. Berry Feb. 19, 
1848 ; she was born near Freeport, Ste- 
phenson Co., 111., Feb. 19, 1832, and 
now resides in Marshall Co., Iowa. The 
subject of this sketch graduated at Ann 
Arbor, Mich., as civil engineer, June 
30, 1875 ; came to La Porte City, this 
county, and was Principal of the High 
School April 10, 1876 ; commenced his 
present business March 20, 1877. 

NICHOES, GEORGE, farmer, 
Sec. 27 ; born in England in 1803, and 
married Mary Perfect in 1827 ; she was 
born in England in 1806 ; have five 
children living — Eliza, John, William, 
Joseph and Mary A.; lost three chil- 
dren — Mariah, Thomas and George, who 
died while crossing the sea. Emigrated 



514 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY : 



to this country in 1832, and first settled 
at Rouse's Point, N. Y., and after a 
short residence moved to Perrysville, 
where he resided until 1856, when he 
came West and settled on his present 
farm of sixty acres, valued at $2,500. 
Norton, James, grain buyer. 

.LDS, HARVEY, farmer. Sec. 36. 



O' 



Oren, Jesse, farmer. Sec. 3-4. 

Osborn, John, farmer. Sec. 5. 

TDALM, A., stone mason. 

Parks, Hiram, farmer, Sec. 32. 

Peck, Charles, farmer. Sec. 8. 

Phillips, 0. A., farmer. Sec. 12. 

PIERCE, A. G., Cashier of City 
Exchange Bank; was born in Nan- 
tucket Island, Mass., March 10, 1851 ; 
came to this city with parents in 1855, 
where he married Myrtie Bogart 
Aug. 10, 1876 ; she was born in 
SteSben Co., N. 'Y., Aug. 17, 1858 ; 
commenced in the bank as clerk, and 
from that position has risen to Cashier. 
Gilbert, born May 4, 1877, and died 
Aug. 27, 1877, are the birth and death of 
their child. 

Pray, R. J., carpenter. 

PREBLE, HARRY^ J., dealer in 
groceries and confectionery of all kinds 
on Main street; was born in Maine, 
Sept. "^7, 1835. Married Emma J. 
Heath June 1,1867; he with parents 
came to Lowell, Mass., in 1841, and to 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1850 ; emigrated to 
LaSalle Co., 111., in 1856, and to this 
county in 1859. Enlisted in the 3d 
Iowa Battery on Sept. 26, 1861, serving 
four years and two months. Commenced 
business in this city in 1868. Gertrude 
H., Maggie E., Charles H. and Edgar 
C. are their children. 
i^UACKENBUSH, E., far., Sec. 25. 



W 



"OAVLIN, C. W., agriculturist. 

Reese, John, farmer. Sec. 29. 
Rice, J. C, farmer. Sec. 19. 
Rodman, J. F., farmer, Sec. 31. 
Rolph, Wm., farmer, Sec. 32. 
Rolph, Wm., farmer, Sec. 18. 
Q.\LMONS, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 33. 

Sanders, J. A., farmer, Sec. 21. 
Sanders, M. D., carpenter. 



Schirer, J. T., farmer, Sec. 16. 

Schneider, Jacob, carpenter. 

Sheffler, Henry, farmer. Sec. 30. 

Shirer, John F., farmer^ Sec. 22. 

Shubert, B., coal. 

Shuck, Nicholas, farmer. Sec. 21. 

Sigg, B., brewery. 

Smelser, Henry, retired. 

Smiley, C. E., liveryman and blacksmith. 

Smith, T. J., farmer, Sec. 32. 

Smith, Wm., farmer. Sec. 34. 

Spicer, L. D., carpenter. 

Stahnke, H., firmer. Sec. 19. 

Stancer. W., farmer. Sec. 34. 

Stanton, B. S., hardware. 

ISTEBBINI^, JOHN R., Postmas 
ter ; was born in Medina Co., Ohio, 
June 2, 1821. Married Sarah A. Beal 
June 21, 1853; she was born in New 
York, June 31, 1823. Mr. Stebbens 
held the ofiSce of County Auditor in his 
native county for sixteen consecutive 
years. Came to this county, settling in 
La Porte City April 20, 1870, and ap- 
pointed Postmaster in the Spring of 
1874. Mrs. Clara E. Eberhart, Henry 
E., William A. and George E. are his 
living children; William H., deceased. 

STEDIIAX, ElilHU H., pro 
prietor National Hotel ; born in Meigs 
Co., Ohio, Dec. 16, 1813, to which 
county his father — Eli — emigrated from 
Vermont in the Winter of 1803-4, and 
traveling to Pittsburgh in sleighs, re- 
maining at this point until the river 
opened. This small colony secured flat- 
boats, and floated down the Ohio to Point 
Harmer, from which place they pro- 
ceeded to Woolf Creek, where they 
erected the first mill that was ever built 
in that section of the country. Pur- 
chased their land of the Ohio Land Pur- 
chasing Company in 1806 ; his father 
died in this county in May, 1846. The 
subject of this sketch married Adeline 
Elliott May 20, 1837 ; she was born in 
Meigs Co., Ohio, March 8, 1819, and 
died Sept. 18, 1854, at which time they 
were making preparations for their jour- 
ney to this State. In that year, he set- 
tled in Cedar Rapids, where he resided 
until 1865. Eli M., Mary C, Dudley 
E., Elbert P. and Addie are their chil- 
dren. His present wife, Sarah J. Pow- 
ell, was born in Washington Co., Ohio, 
June 27, 1830, and they were married 



BIG CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



515 



April 24, 1855 ; by this marriage, they 
have three children — Alice, Jennie and 
Charlie. Settled in this village in 1877; 
he has since made it his home. Has 
been prominently identified with the in- 
terests of the town and county where he 
resided. Served one year in the rebell- 
ion as First Lieutenant in Company A, 
37th Iowa V. I., and was honorably dis- 
charged. 

Stone, H., mason. 

STROXG, O., dealer in groceries. 
Main St. ; was born in Madison Co., N. 
Y., April 5, 1823. Married Olivia Ellis ; 
she was born in Genesee Co., N. Y. He 
moved to Livingston Co., N. Y., and to 
De Kalb Co., 111., and to this county in 
June, 1872, when he commenced his 
present business. Mrs. Mary Jarvis and 
William C. are their children. 

Susong, J. D., mason. 

Suter, A. L., barber. 

Scrogges, C. B., retired farmer. 

SOL.OMON, CHRISTO- 
PHER, farmer, Sec. 19; born in 
England in 1833, and emigrated to 
America in 1865, first settling in Mich- 
igan, where he resided until 1866, when 
he came to this county, where he has 
since made it his home ; owns farm of 
eighty acres of land valued at $1,600, 
lives in the enjoyment of a bachelor. 

rpERRY, J. R., farmer, Sec. 31. 

TAYL.OR, 1VEI.SOX, of the firm 
of Stanton & Taylor, dealers in hard- 
ware. Main st. ; was born in New Mar- 
ket, York Co., Canada, May 1, 1834 ; 
emigrated to Cedar Co., Iowa, in March, 

1855, and to Benton Co. in the Fall of 

1856, settling five miles from La Porte 
City. Married Ann Buchan Oct. 26, 
1858; she was born in Scotland July 
1, 1834. Commenced his present busi- 
ness with Mr. Stanton March 1, 1876. 
William F., born Nov. 21, 1864, and 
Greta, born April 30, 1870, are his 
children. 

Thompson, F. M., carpenter. 

TRAST, PETER, harness manu- 
facturer, Main st. ; was born in Mertan, 
Germany Jan. 18, 1844 ; came to this 
country in 1856, settling in Peru, La 
Salle Co., 111., and came to this county 
in January, 1867, settling in Waterloo, 
where he married Anna Flersner Dec. 



23, 1867 ; she was born in Germany 
Came to this city and commenced his 
present business May 16, 1872; owns 
a farm in Cedar Township of 204 acres, 
on which his family reside. Enlisted 
in Co. K. 146th I. V. I., serving one 
year, and honorably discharged. Mary 
A., Josephine, Anna and Elizabeth are 
his children. 

TRIEM, HENRY H., farmer, 
Sec. 29 ; born in Stark Co., Ohio, in 
1848. Married Martha Ferry in 1871 ; 
she was born in Benton Co., Iowa, in 
1857; have one child — Archy E. ; 
came to this county in March, 1870, 
and settled in this township, and in 
September, 1875, settled on his present 
estate, consisting of eighty acres, valued 
at $20 per acre. 

Triem, L. L., far.. Sec. 35. 

Turner, H., fiir., Sec. 31; 

"TTRBAN, GEORGE, fanner. Sec. 22. 

YANSCHRAIK, PETER, physician. 
Volland, John, far.. Sec. 22. 
Volland, Michael, far.. Sec. 30. 

WAGGONER, JACOB, retired 
farmer. 

WA€}NER, JOHN F., lumber 
merchant ; born in Herkimer Co., N. 
Y., July 23, 1838, where he married 
Delila Wagoner, who died in 1871 ; had 
one child — Frank J. His present wife, 
Eva A. Casler, was born in same county 
in 1853 ; they were married March 12, 
1873 ; came to this county in 1873. 
First engaged in dry goods business, sell- 
ing out to his partner, George Waltz, in 
1877, and began his present business 
Feb. 15, 1878. Is also an architect, 
which profession he carries on in con- 
nection with his present business. 

Wagner, Simon, far.. Sec. 21. 

Wagner, Robert, far., S. 21. 

WA(,tNER, ROBERT, farmer, 
Sec. 19; born in Snyder Co., Penn., in 
1834, and emigrated to this county in 
1 856, and settled near Waterloo, where 
he married Flora Turner in 1857 ; she 
was born in Lycoming Co., Penn., in 
1833. Settled on his present farm in 
1865, consisting of 110 acres, valued at 
$40 per acre. Are members of the 
Methodist Church. Are numbered 
among the early settlers of this town 
and county. 



516 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



WAGXER, W. D., dealer in drj 
goods, boots, shoes and ready-made 
clothing, Main st.; born in Jefferson 
Co., N. Y., June 17, 1843. Married 
Mary C. Wagoner Jan. 8, 1868 ; she 
was born in the same county March 1, 
1850 ; have one child — Maud L. Came 
to this county Nov. 8, 1 873, and opened 
his place of business in April, 1877. 

Wagner, Wm., lumberman. 

Walker, J. S., far., S. 14. 

AValkcr. Sanders, far., S. 1. 

WALKER, W. A., Mayor and Jus- 
tice of the Peace ; office Main st.; was 
born in Owen Co., Ind., Jan. 25, 1830. 
Married in Morgan Co., Ind., Sarah J. 
Hogshire Oct. 3, 1853; she was born 
in 1832 in Marion Co., Ind., and died 
Aug. 10, 1867. They came to this 
county Oct. 20, 1853, and he is one of 
the old pioneer settlers and business men 
of this county. Columbus, Alonzo, Ar- 
minta, Alice A. and William R. are 
their children. 

WAL.TS, GEORGE, dealer in dry 
goods, boots and shoes, etc., Main St.; 
was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., March 
31, 1825. Married Nancy M. Wagner. 
Emigrated to Walworth Co., Wis., in 
1846, and to Yernon Co., Wis., in the 



Spring of 1860 ; eniigi-ated to this coun- 
ty in March, 1866; commenced his 
present business July 5, 1866. Edward 
L. and George A. are their children. 

Waltz, M. W.,' carpenter. 

WEISS, CI.ARLES, of the firm of 
Fuller & Weiss, meat market ; was born 
in Grei'many March 20, 1849, and came 
to America in 1868. Married Sopha 
Bittiger in Feb., 1869 ; she was born in 
Germany May 17, 1854. Came to this 
city in Sept., 1877, beginning business 
on Feb. 21, 1878. Charles, born Jan. 
21, 1878. 

Wheat, C. M., Pastor M. E. Church. 

Wliitcomb, Duane, restaurant. 

W^ILL., TILLMAXX, farmer, Sec. 
26 ; born in Germany in 1817, and 
came to this country in 1849, and set- 
tled in Fonddu Lac Co., Wis., where he 
remained until 1866, where he married 
Mary Hassick in 1858 ; she was born in 
Switzerland in 1820. Has a farm of 
eighty acres, valued at $40 per acre. 
Are members of the Evangelical Church. 

Worthing, Charles, far., S. 23. 

YARROW, CHRISTOPHER, farm- 
er. Sec. 20. 
Yarrow. John, far., S. 22. 
Young, Edward, carpenter. 




ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 



517 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 



ALLEN, E. A., farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 
ALIiJEN, A. A., farmer and nursery- 
man, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born 
in Lewis Co., N. Y., Aug. 16, 1841. 
Married Elizabeth Carpenter Nov. 9, 
1869 ; she was born in Pittsburgh, Penn., 
May 27, 1848; came to this county 
Jan. 13, 1867 ; owns 160 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. Mrs. A. is a 
member of the M. E. Church. Their 
children are Albert C, born Sept. 30, 
1870 ; Nettie M., born May 5, 1872. 

BEACHLY, MICHAEL, Sec. 31 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 

Beachly, W., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BEEKLY, SAMUEL. B., far.. 
Sec. 17; P. 0. Waterloo; owns 160 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre ; 
born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., 
Aug. 21, 1848; he with his parents 
emigrated to Ohio in 1850, and to this 
county in 1868, where he married 
Susan Klingamou June 2, 1872 ; she 
was born in Somerset Co., Penn., Feb. 
2, 1848. They are members of the 
German Baptist Chxirch. George E., 
born Nov. 19, 1874, are the name and 
birth of their only child. 

Berkley. J. J., far.. S. 26 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Berkley, L., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Berry.' J. P., far., S. 11 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

BERTCH, ISAAC E., farmer, S. 
2 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Union Co., 
Penn., in 1848. Married Mary Dohmer 
in 1872 ; she was born in Snyder 
Co., Penn., in 1855 ; came to this 
county in 1874, settling on his present 
farm of ninety acres, valued at $40 per 
acre. Minnie, Emma and William are 
his children. 

Braninger, W., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Brown, A. E.. far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BIJECHLEY, ELIAS K., re 
tired farmer and Elder of the German 
Baptist Church ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born 
in Somerset Co., Penn., Dec. 9, 1812. 
Married Barbara Good Nov. 2, 1834; 
she was born in the same county Dec. 
22, 1814, and died Feb. 3, 1851 ; Anna, 
born June 26. 1836 ; Abigail, Sept. 7, 
1837; x\melia, Aug. 25, 1840; Mary 
E., March 31, 1842 ; Barbara, July 16, 



184 J; William G.. Feb. 3, 1845; 
Sarah, Feb. 21, 1847 ; Elijah G., Dec. 
11, 1848, and Jacob G., Jan. 23, 1851, 
are their living children. His present 
wife, Sally Clingaman, was born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., March 9, 1813 ; 
they were married Nov. 9, 1851 ; came 
to this county in jMarch, 1861, where 
he has since made it his home, and is 
prominently known and identified among 
his brethren of the church, and to him 
the writer is lai'gely indebted for much 
valuable information regarding the his- 
tory of the church and facts of the 
town's early settlement. 

Bueghley, E. G.,far.,S. 17 ; P. O.Water- 
loo. 

BUEGHLY, HIRAM, farmer. 
Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Som- 
erset Co., Penn., Sept. 20, 1852. Mar- 
ried Mary Hosteter Sept. 10. 1876 ; she 
was born in Somerset Co., Penn., April 
26, 1856. Came to this county in 
1855. Members of the German Baptist 
Church. 

Bueghley, J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Bueghley, M., far., S. 12; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BFDD, CHARLES W., far, S 
35 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, Aug. 7, 1839; came to Dubuque 
Co., Iowa, in 1854, and to this county 
in 1856. Enlisted in Co. E, 27th I. 
V. I., Aug. 22, 1862, and was honora- 
ably discharged Aug., 8, 1865 ; was in 
the battles of Pleasant Hill and Nash- 
•ville. Married Mary A. Warner July 
22, 1869 ; she was born in Alleglianv 
Co., Md., Oct. 16, 1849 ; John W., born 
Aug. 4, 1871 ; Esther M., born March 
19, 1876, are their children. Mr. Budd 
settled on his present farm, consisting 
of 100 acres of land, valued at $35 per 
acre. 

BUDD, JOHN C, farmer, S. 28 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, Sept. 25, 1846 ; came to this 
State in 1854, and to this county, set- 
tling on his present farm of 160 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre, in 1865, where 
he married Jennie Raymond in Sept., 
1874 ; she was born in Indiana, in Dec, 
1853 ; Charles H. and William are their 
children. 



518 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



BUDD, JACOB J., farmer, S. 35; 
P. O. Waterloo ; born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, in 1831. Married Elizabeth 
Atchison in 1873; she was born in 
Someiset Co., Penn., in 1850 ; came 
to this county in 1864 ; Settled on his 
present farm of 220 acres, valued at $35 
per acre. His wife is a member of the 
M. E. Church. Olive is their only child. 

Burgoon, C, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Burgeon, F., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

CAIN, SAMUEL, far., Sec. 8; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

CARPEXTER, DAVID H., 

farmer, S. 25 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Pittsburgh, Penn., in 1851. Married 
Anna Lee in 1872; she was born in 
Cedar Co., Iowa, in 1849. Came to this 
county in 1865, settling on his present 
farm of 320 acres, which is owned by 
his father. Members of the M. E. 
Church. Anna S. and David M. are 
their children. 

Carpenter, Israel S., flir., S. 25 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

Carpenter, J. H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 

Carpenter, W. L., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 

Ceaser, E. W., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Ceaser, H., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Ceaser, J., far., S. 24 : P. 0. Waterloo. 

Ceaser, Wm., far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Clark, Robert, far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

CLARK, JOHIVW., retired farmer, 
Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Co- 
lumbia Co., Penn., May 4, 1805, where 
he married Margaret Derr ; she was 
born in the same county June 12, 1806; 
died March 9, 1873 ; they came to this 
county and settled on their present farm, 
consisting of 180 acres, valued at $60 
per acre, in 1856. When the rebellion 
broke out, Mr. C. sent five of his sons to 
the army, all of whom returned home. 
Their children are Charles, born March 
25, 1832 ; Caroline, born June 1, 1833; 
Elizabeth, born Sept. 17, 1834; George, 
born Dec. 7, 1835 ; William, born Aug. 
21, 1837 ; Robert, born May 14, 1839"; 
John F., born Aug. 8, 1841 ; Lyman, 
born Jan. 25, 1843, and Maruaret, born 
Aug. 25, 1848. 

CHlFord, F., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

DANE, M. E., farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 



Dane, S. D., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Degering, Henry. 

Deitrich, Chris., ten. far. ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

EASON, J. C, far., S. 25; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
EASON, JAMES D., farmer, Sec. 

25 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Lycoming 
Co., Penn., Dec. 7, 1820. Married 
Eliza A. Carr Sept. 23, 1841 ; she was 
born in Orange Co., Penn., Dec. 14, 
1820; came to this county in 1854, 
entering his present farm of 16(> acres, 
valued at $40 per acre, and moved on 
the same in 1866. Are members of 
the Baptist Church. Anna M., Mary 
F., Joseph C, William H., Maggie E. 
and Ori N. are living children ; Sarah 
E., Eliza J., James F. and John K. are 
the names of the deceased ;• one died 
in infancy. 

Eason, W. H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Edwards, G. W.. far. ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

FIKE, JOHN, far., S. 27; P. O. 
Waterloo. 

FIKE, JACOB C, far., S. 23 ; P. 
O. Waterloo ; born in Somerset Co., 
Penn., Feb. 13, 1821, where he married 
Elizabeth Blough May 8, 1842; she 
was born in the same county April 6, 
1820 ; they came to this county and 
settled on their present estate, consisting 
of 280 acres, valued at $40 per acre, in 
March, 1869. They are members of 
the German Baptist Church. Their 
children are Christian, born June 28, 
1843; Sarah, Oct. 13, 1845; John, 
Oct. 1, 1847 ; Susannah, June 26, 
1850; Samuel, June 9, 1859; Mary 
Ann, Oct. 10, 1802. 

Fish, D. H., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

FlilCKINGER, JOXAS, for.,S. 

26 ; P. O. Waterloo ; born in Somerset 
Co., Penn. Married Cornelia Barkey 
in 1857 ; she was born in same county 
in 1836 ; came to this county in March, 
1860, and settled on his present estate, 
consisting of 414 acres of land, valued 
at $40 per acre. Members of the Ger- 
man Baptist Church. David C, Mar- 
ietta E., Lydia I., John H. are their 
children ; lost two — Abraham H. and 
Maggie. 

Forney, Joseph, far.; P. 0. Waterloo. 

QEIST, H. H. far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Wat- 
erloo. 
Geist, J. P., flir., S. 14; P. 0. Waterloo. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 



519 



OXAGE Y, JOSEPH D., far., S 
5 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Somerset 
Co., Penn., Nov. 28, 1854, where he 
married Anna Blough June 5, 1876 ; 
she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
Dec. 3, 1853; they emigrated to Car- 
roll Co., in the Fall of 1876, and to 
this county on June 25, 1877. Mem- 
bers of the Germas; Baptist Chu-ch. 

Grady, N. far.; P. 0. Waterloo. 

HOOD, FREDERICK, tar.; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

HAHX, JOHX G., far., S. 2 ; P. 
0. Waterloo ; born in Germany in 1834. 
Married Phoebe Shaffer in 1869; she 
was born in Union Co., Penn., in 1838. 
Came to this country in 1853. settling 
in Pennsylvania, and in 1868, moved to 
Elkhart Co., Ind., and in 1869, moved 
to Minnesota, and in 1876, came to this 
county, settling on his present farm of 
ninety acres, valued at $40 per acre. 
Anna, Charles, Harrue, Cora, Lulu and 
Eddie are their children. 

HITTER, THOMAS, fart.er. Sec. 
32; P. 0. Waterloo; born in Lehigh Co., 
Penn., March 15, 1830, where he mar- 
ried Elizabeth Wilson March 5, 1856 ; 
she was born in Montour Co., Penn., 
Dec. 9, 1836. Emigrated to Stephen- 
son Co., 111., in 1848, and to this county 
March 19, 1869, settling on their pres- 
ent farm of 160 acres, valued at $35 
per acre. Alice M., born Dec. 28, 
1856 ; Mrs. Emma Miller ; Lewis W., 
born March 29, 1862, and William F., 
Nov. 5, 1870, are their children. 

HEl^IiER, CHARIiES, firmer, 
Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
France April 17, 1836. Emigrated to 
this country and settled in Lake Co., 
111., in 1846. Married in Chicago 
Elizabeth Salz Jan. 25, 1859, who was 
born in Prussia Nov. 6, 1839 ; came to 
this county, settling on their present 
farm consisting of 160 acres, valued at 
$6,400, on June 22, 1869; seven chil- 
dren — Charles J., born April 21, 1862 ; 
Elanora M., June 27, 1866 ; Thomas 
H.. Jan. 22, 1868 ; Sarah C, July 3, 
1869; Henry W., June 16, 1872; 
George F., Jan. 26, 1874; Anna M., 
Nov. 6, 1875. 

HIL.DEBRA]VD,SYI.\ ES- 
TER, firmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; 
born in Cambria Co., Penn., Aug. 8, 



1836, where he married Louisa Roberts 
March 7, 1858 ; she was born in same 
county June 4, 1838 ; came to this 
county, settling on their present farm 
consisting of eighty acres, valued at 
$3,2l0. May 6, 1869. They are mem- 
bers of the German Baptist Church. 
Five children — Edward L.,born Nov. 17, 
1860 ; Sarah A., Sept. 19, 1866; Charles 
W., Sei.t. 24, 1869; Mary E., May 
6, 1872; John H., April 7," 1874. 

HIEDEBRAXD, WII.EIAM, 
former. Sec. 9 ; P. O. Waterloo ; born 
in Cambria Co., Penn., July 6, 1835, 
where he married Lavina Horner March 
25, 1858 ; she was born in Cambria Co., 
Penn., on Sept. 17, 1838; came to this 
county May 6, 1869, settling on his present 
farm consisting of eighty acres, valued 
at $3,20u. They are members of the 
German Baptist Church. Four children 
— David M., born May 6, 1867 ; 
Frankie G., April 5, 1869 ; Anna B., 
Jan. 25, 1876; Harry H., Oct. 27, 
1877. 

HOCHSTETTER, A. B., far, 
Sec. 11; P. 0. Waterloo; born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., in 1826. Married 
Rachel Rankin in 1852 ; she was born 
in Westmoreland Co., Penn., in 1833. 
Came to this county in 1868, first settling 
in Lester Tp., and, in October, moved 
to Waterloo, and after one mouth's resi- 
dence, came to his present farm of 160 
acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. 
Members of the German Baptist Church. 
John R., Harry A., Mary E., George 
W., Arabella J., Elmer L., David E., 
William K., Hiram A., Martin B., 
Samuel J. and Susan are his children ; 
one child dead — Arabella. 

HOFF, ISAAC (deceased) ; born 
in Wayne Co., Ohio, March 5, 1836, and 
died Dec. 18, 1875. Married Sarah 
Garven in Wayne Co., Ohio, Dec. 2u, 
1860 ; she was born in the same county 
Feb. 7, 1842. Came to this county, 
and settled on their present farm, con- 
sisting of eighty-eight acres on Section 
5, valued at $40 per acre, April 7, 
1865. Mrs. H. and her eldest daughter 
are members of the German Baptist 
Church. They have three children — 
Rebecca, born May 26, 1863, Jacob A., 
Jan. 6, 1865, and Susana, Nov. 19, 
1870. 



520 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY : 



HOFF, JOHN B., farmer, Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; boru in Wayne Co., 
Ohio, March 27, 1833, where he mar- 
ried Mary Beekley Dec. 25, 1855 ; she 
was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., 
June 1, 1836. Came to this county 
and settled on their present farm, con- 
sisting of 233 acres of land, valued at 
$•10 per acre, April 3, 1863. Members 
of the German Baptist Church. Their 
children are Ephraim, born Jan. 29, 
1859; Emanuel B., Dec. 21, 1861; 
Sarah D., July 6, 1866, and Mary M., 
Nov. 3, 1875. 

HOFFMAN, CHARLES E., 

farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. O. Waterloo; born 
in Whiteside Co., 111., July 7, 1858. 
Married Flora B. Robinson Feb. 13, 
1878 ; she was born in Floyd Co., Iowa, 
May 25, 1858, and came to this county 
in 1865, settling on his present farm of 
140 acres of land, valued at $45 per 
acre. 

Hoover, Abe, far. ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

HOOVER, DAXIEL, farmer, S. 
22 ; P. O. Waterloo ; owns 240 acres 
of land valued at $40 per acre ; born in 
Lancaster Co., Penn., in Dec, 1817. 
Married Rebecca Hershey in May, 
1841 ; she died in Sept., 1855. Set- 
tled on his present farm April 1, 1866, 
Lydia, born, March 5, 1842 ; John, 
Sept. 18, 181:3; Samuel, Sept. 15, 
1845; Sarah, Aug. 15, 1847; Abra- 
ham, Aug. 12, 1850, and Daniel, Sept. 
20, 1853, are their children. 

Hoover, EH, far., S. 10; P. 0. Waterloo. 

HOOVER, EPHRAOI, farmer. 
Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Wayne 
Co., Ohio, Oct. 5, 1850, where he mar- 
ried Elizabeth Pinkerton Dec. 23, 1873 ; 
she was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, May 
22, 1852 ; came to this county, settling 
on their present farm, Sept. 23, 1875. 
Mrs. Hoover is a member of the Ger- 
man Baptist Church. Samuel P., born 
Nov. 10, 1874, and Ira, born July 9, 
1876, are the names and births of their 
children. 

Hoover, H. M.,far.,S. 10; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Hoover, M., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

HOOVER, SAMUEL, former. Sec. 
15; P. 0. Waterloo; born in Wayne 
Co., Ohio, in 1845. Married Martha 
Hembarger in 1869 ; she was born in 
same county in 1846. Came to this 



county in 1856, settUng on his present 
farm of eighty acres, valued at $40 per 
acre. Members of the German Baptist 
Church. One child — Ephraim B. 
HORN, ELI AS, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 

0. Waterloo ; born in Pennsylvania 
in 1823. Married Mary Ann Menich 
in 1853 ; she was born in same State 
in 1836. Came to this county in 1870, 
settling on his present estate of eighty 
acres, valued at $40 per acre. Sarah A. 
and Franklin H. are their children. 

Horner, C. W., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Hutzel, Samuel, far. ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

XKENBERRY, WM., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. 

J_ Waterloo. 

IKENBERRY, BENJAMIN, 
farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $3,500 ; 
born in Ohio Aug. 13, 1811 ; moved to 
Union Co., Ind., in 1832, where he 
married Catherine Moss Jan. 3, 1832, 
who was born in Union Co., Ind., Nov. 
22, 1815. Emigrated to this State, set- 
tling in Butler Co., May 5, 1856, and 
in this county, on his present farm, Sept. 

1, 1871. They are members of the 
German Baptist Church. Their chil- 
dren are Henry H., born July 4, 1834 ; 
William, April 27, 1836 ; John E., July 
20, 1838; Mary, Feb. 27, 1843; Eliza- 
beth, March 5, 1846 ; Sarah, June 4, 
1848 ; Levi, Jan. 12, 1851 ; Harvey, 
Oct. 15, 1853, who married Sarah C. 
Talhelm Feb. 21, 1875; she was born 
in Franklin Co., 111., Feb. 25, 1857; 
Ephraim M., born Dec. 3, 1877 — their 
only son ; all members of the German 
Baptist Church. 

KLINGAMAN, J. F., far., Sec. 29 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 
Klingaman, S. L., far.. Sec. 30 ; P. O. 

Waterloo. 
y AKE, L. H., former ; P. O. Waterloo. 

Langdis, C. W., former; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Lichty, A. J., farmer; P. 0. Waterloo. 

LICHTY, CHARLES, former, S. 
20 ; P. O. Waterloo ; born in Somerset 
Co., Penn., March 2, 1840 ; came with 
his parents to Van Buren Co., Iowa, 
October, 1856, and to this county in 
August, 1861, where he married Sarah 
Beekly Oct. 16, 1866 ; she was born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., Nov. 15, 1838. 
Enlisted Dec. 4, 1861, in the 16th I. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 



521 



V. I., Co. I. where he engaged in the 
battle of Pittsburg Landing and was 
honorably discharged Oct. 4, 1862. 
Stanley S., born July 10,1868; San- 
ford L., March 20, 1870; Horace G., 
Aug. 18, 1873; Alvin M., June -4, 
1877, are their children. Members 
of the Grerman Baptist Church. 

Lichty, H. J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

I.ICHT Y, JACOB P., former, Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Somerset 
Co., Penn., x\pril 25, 1824, where he 
married Sarah Miller April 20, 1848 ; 
slie was born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
May 29, 1825. Came to this county, 
settling on their present farm, consisting 
of 120 acres, valued at $5,500, Sept. 
26, 1877. Their children are Mrs. 
Lizzie Lent, boru March 30, 1850 ; 
Peter, Dec. 24, 1852 ; Mary, Dec. 27, 
1858; Ella N., April 12, 1861 ; four 
children deceased. Members of the 
German Baptist Church. 

Lichty, J. M., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Lichty, J. A., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Lichty, J., far., S. 32 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

Lichty, S. A., far., S. 26; P. O. Waterloo. 

LichtV, S. J., far., P. 0. Waterloo. 

LICHTY, WII.I.IA1I H., farm- 
er. Sec. 16, P. 0. Waterloo; born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., Aug. 29,1843; 
emigrated to this county Aug. 18, 1864, 
where he married Mary Beekly Jan. 8, 
1865 ; she was born in Somerset Co., 
Penn., March 31, 1842. Members of 
the German Baptist Church. Anna, 
born April 8, 1866 ; Elias, Aug. 25, 
1872; Joseph, Aug. 31, 1875; Abbie, 
Dec. 3, 1877, are the names and births 
of their children. 

Logan, John, farmer; P. 0. Waterloo. 

McCarthy, JOHN, farmer ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

McCarthy, Patrick, farm- 
er, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Ireland, in 1831, and married Jane 
Shomen in 1 854 ; she was born in Ire- 
land in 1835 ; John, Mary, Dennis, 
Ellen, Johana, Patrick, Richard, Tim- 
othy and Jane are their children. Came 
to x\merica in 1849, and settled in Rens- 
selaer Co., N. Y., and in 1864, came to 
this county and settled on his present 
farm of ninety-one acres, valued at $25 
per acre. Members of the Catholic 
Church. 



McDowell, james, former. 

Sec. 30; P. 0. Waterloo,; born in Ire- 
land in 1832, and came to this country 
in 1856, and settled in Winnebago Co., 
111., where he resided until 1864, when 
he came to this county, where he mar- 
ried Lavina Baldwin in 1867 ; she was 
born in Crawford Co. Penn., in 1840 ; 
Effie E., John W., Lizzie E. and Willie 
0. are their living children. Owns 323 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. 

McKEEN, ^iETH, farmer. Sec. 3; 
P. 0. Waterloo; born in Oxford, Worcester 
Co., Mass., April 9, 1836 ; came to Penn- 
sylvania in 1862, where he married F. 
Perkins Jan. 1, 1863 ; she was born in 
Oxford, Worcester Co., Mass., June 10, 
1844 ; came to this county in the Spring 
of 1864; their children are Byron W , 
born Nov. 10, 1863 ; Walter, born Aug. 
30, 1865 ; Benjamin, born March 18, 
1867 ; Harry, born Feb. 9, 1870 ; Char- 
ley, born March 12, 1872; Merton, 
born June 22, 1874 ; Lillie E., born 
Oct. 12, 1877. 

McMahon, T., for., S. 8 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

MILLER, ABRAHAM A., far., 
See. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Som- 
erset Co., Penn., Aug. 5, 1814, where 
he married Saloma Forney Nov. 13, 
1836 ; she was born in the same county 
Aug. 23, 1817 : they emigrated to this 
county, settling on their present farm of 
118 acres, valued at $40 per acre, March 
27, 1865, They are all members of 
the German Baptist Church. Perry A., 
born Dec. 26, 1838 ; Mary, born Aug. 
8, 1845 ; Susan, born March 31, 1847; 
Matilda, born Nov. 18, 1854; Henry 
F., born Dec. 18, 1856 ; William A.. 
born April 1,1859; Harvey A., boru 
Jan. 14, 1861. 

Miller, A. W., for., S. 4 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

MILLER, CORNELIUS, former 
and dealer in thorough-bred cattle. Sec. 
21 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Somerset 
Co., Penn., March 3, 1833, where he 
married Elizabeth Bittner June 5, 1853 ; 
she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
Jan. 9, 1831. They emigrated to and 
settled in Lake Co., 111., in the Fall of 
1864, and came to this county Sept. 25, 
1857, settling on their present farm of 
200 acres, valued at $45 per acre. A 
little frame barn into which they moved 
was all the improvement on their place 



522 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



when they arrived, but now fine build- 
ings and good improvements have taken 
its place, and are the result of honesty 
and industry. William was born Feb. 
24, 1856, and married Emma Heitter 
July 20, 1876 ; Cinderella (now Mrs. 
Milo Miller, and married Nov. 29, 1877), 
was born Sept. 30, 1858 ; Mary C, born 
Jan. 7, 1861 ; Joseph M., born Feb. 
28, 1863; Minerva, born Jan. 27, 
1866; Emma, born June 5, 1873, are 
their children. 

3Iiller, Daniel. 

Miller John H. 

9IILL.ER, JACOB W., farmer, 
Sec. 21; P. 0. Waterloo; owns 240 
acres of land, valued at $10,000; born 
in Somerset Co., Penn., Feb. 8, 1844 ; 
came to this county Jan. 1, 1863, 
I'eturning to Pennsylvania in the Fall of 
the same year, where he married Char- 
lotte Walker Dec. 12, 1863; she was 
born in the same county July 29, 1843 ; 
returned to this county with his bride in 
the Spring of 1864, who died April 4, 
1865 ; has one child by first marriage — 
Mary E., born March 28, 1865. In the 
Fall of 1865, Mr. M. again returned to 
Pennsylvania, where he married Maggie 
Maust May 11, 1866; she was born in 
the same county May 24, 1841 ; he 
with his new bride again returned to 
this county in July, 1866 ; their chil- 
dren are Madeira, born March 20, 
1867; Ulysses C, born July 3, 1869; 
Norman, born Nov. 23, 1870 ; Calvin J., 
born Nov. 20, 1872 ; Henry W., born 
Oct. 26, 1874 ; Anna M., born Nov. 10, 
1876, and one infant, born March 23, 
1878. 

MIL.L.EK, JOXAS A., farmer. 
Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Som- 
erset Co., Penn., Oct. 29, 1809. Mar- 
ried Sallie E. Horner in 1832 ; she died 
in 1850. Married Sallie Say lor in 
1852 ; she was born in Somerset Co., 
Penn., in 1825 ; came to this county in 
1875, settling on his farm of 250 acres 
of land, valued at S30 per acre. His 
children are William H., Mary H., 
Samuel H., Anna H., Becky H., John 
H.; one dead — Catherine. Are mem- 
bers of the German Baptist Church, 

MIL.L.ER, L.JEVI, farmer, Sec. 24 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Berks Co., 
Penn., in 1826 ; emigrated to Stephen- 



son Co., 111., in 1849, where he married 
Caroline Bees in 1851 ; she was born in 
1832, and died in 1855; Frances and 
Richard are the children by this mar- 
riage. Came to this county in 1860, and 
enlisted in Co. C, 32d I. V. I., in August, 
1862, and was honorably discharge 1 
Sept. 1, 1865 ; engaged in the battles 
at Nashville, Fort Blakely and others. 
Again married Caroline A. Moody in 
1866 ; she was born in York Co., Penn., 
in 1835, and died in May, 1869. Mar- 
ried Catherine S. Albright May 19, 
1872 ; she was born in Mifflin Co., 
Penn., in 1839 ; settled on their present 
farm of 160 acres, valued at $50 per 
acre, in 1877. Members of the M. E. 
Church. 

HILLER, MATHIAS, farmer, 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Som- 
erset Co., Penn., July 5, 1822, where 
he married Mary Berkley March 5, 
1848 ; she was born in the same county 
Dec. 22, 1830. They came to this 
county, settling on a portion of their 
present farm, which now consists of 
320 acres, valued at $4,500, in August, 
1858 ; most of this land was entered at 
Government price. They are members 
of the German Baptist Church. Mrs. 
Sarah A. Lichty, born May 23, 1849 ; 
William H., born Nov. 17, 1851 ; Elias, 
born July 31, 1858, are their living 
children ; Silas B., born Sept. 27, 1854, 
and killed by the cars March 17, 1874. 

Miller, Noah W. ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Miller, S. B., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

MILLER, SAMUEL H., farmer. 
Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Waterloo; owns 160 
acres of land, valued at S6,400 ; born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., May 15, 1838; 
came to this county Dec. 10, 1862. Mar- 
ried Eliza Boechk'y Sept. 1, 1863 ; she 
was born in the same county March 16, 
1836, and died Oct. 26,1865; has one 
child by this marriage — Edwin Stanton, 
born July 31, 1864. Married again, to 
Susan Taylor July 9, 1870 ; she was bom 
in same county, Pennsylvania, Sept. 1 9, 
1845; their children are Gracie, born 
April 16, 1874; Ira. born April 20, 1 876 ; 
Howard, Dec. 8, 1877. Are members 
of the German Bajttist Church. 

MILLER, SAMUEL M., farmer ; 
Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; owns 240 
acres of land, valued at S45 per acre ; 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 



523 



born in Somerset Co., Penn., May 15, 
1833, where he married Anna Bueehley 
March 4, 1855 ; she was born in Somer- 
set Co., Penn., June 2G, 1836; they 
came from their native county to this, 
and settled on their present farm April 
25, 1858. Mr. M. is one of the Speak- 
ers in the German Baptist Church. Mary 
S.,born Aug. 3, 1856; John 0., June 
9,' 1859; Abigail, March 22, 1861; 
Daniel, Nov. 21, 1862 ; Harvey, Dec. 
21, 1864 ; Richard, Feb. 7, 1867 ; Nora, 
Feb. 25, 1875, are their living children. 
This family are all members of the Ger- 
man Baptist Church. 

MILLER, WILLIAM, farmer, 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; owns 280 
acres of land, valued at $12,600; born 
in Somerset Co., Penn., Sept. 26, 1827. 
Married Lydia Fike Jan. 7, 1849 ; she 
was born in the same county in Pennsyl- 
vania May 9, 1826, and died March 13, 
1862 ; came to this county and settled 
on their present farm March 24, 1860. 
Again married Abigail Bueehley Aug. 
14, 1862. His children by first mar- 
riage are Sarah, born June 21, 1855 ; 
Susan, Feb. 19, 1858, and John W., 
June 10, 1860 ; by second marriage, 
Lewis, born Feb. 11, 1866; Myra May, 
Jan. 3. 1869; Alvin B., Aug. 1, 1870; 
Ada Bell, July 17, 1872 j^ Silas B., 
June 2, 1875, and Frank, July 23, 
1877. They are members of the Ger- 
man Baptist Church. 

MOXTAOLE, THOMAS, farm- 
er. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
England Jan. 25, 1825, where he mar- 
ried Louisa Evans in Aug., 1849 ; she 
was born in England May 15, 1825. 
They emigrated to America in 1855, first 
settling in Oneida Co., N. Y., where 
they remained until March 1865, when 
they removed to this county, and settled 
on their present estate, consisting of 240 
acres, valued at $40 per acre, in 1872 ; 
their children are John T., born April 
20, 1853; Mary E., Sept!, 21, 1854; 
Sarah T., Nov. 15, 1856 ; George H., 
Jan. 29, 1859 ; Emma L., Sept. 15, 
1860 ; Thomas W., March 2, 1862, and 
Julia E., Jan. 6, 1865. 

MURRAY, JACOB A., farmer. 
Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $3,000 ; born in 
Fayette Co., Penn., Oct. 11, 1834, where 



he married Sarah Banders May 3, 1857 ; 
she was born in Fayette Co., Penn., May 
22, 1836 ; they emigrated from native 
county to this on Aug. 25, 1864, and 
settled on his present farm in the Fall 
of 1873. They are members of the Ger- 
man Baptist Church, and Mr. M. is one 
of the ordained Elders. Amzi, born 
Feb. 19, 1858 ; Naomi, May 19, 1860 ; 
Orpha, Aug. 1, 1870 ; Verna, April 12, 
1872 ; Charlie. Nov. 18, 1874, are 
their children. 

PHILIPPI, A. L., far.. Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
SANER, ANDREW F., far.; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

Saylor, J., far.. S. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Saylor, J. L., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

SAYLOR, JOSEPH M., farmer. 
Sec. 11; P. 0. Waterloo; born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., Dec. 25, 1837. 
Married Mary Buechly in Dec, 1860 ; 
she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
Jan. 21, 1837 ; they have two Hving 
children — Elias B. and Daniel ; three 
children dead — William, Emma and 
Elnora. Came to this county in 1862, 
settling on his present farm of 120 
acres, value dat $50 per acre. Members 
of the German Baptist Church. 

SCHAEFER, JACOB, firmer, 
Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Prussia Feb. 11, 1846; came to 
America with his parents in 1854, first 
settling in Lee Co., 111. ; came to this 
county, settling on his present farm of 
120 acres, valued at $35 per acre, March 
9, 1871. Married Mary E. Amfahr 
Sept. 29, 1871 ; she was born in 
Prussia Aug. 27, 1851. Members of 
the Roman Catholic Church. They 
have two children — Angeline, born July 
9, 1872, and Charles P., born Nov. 26, 
1877. 

Schrack, J. M.,f\ir., S. 27; P.O.Waterloo. 

Schrock, J. J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Schrock, S. S., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Schrock, W. F., far., S. 27 ; P.O. Waterloo. 

Shanlis, E. A., far., S. 35 ; P.O. Waterloo. 

SHAXLIS, NOAH P., fir.. Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Somerset 
Co., Penn., in 1847. Married Hannah 
Perkins in 1871 ; she was born in Maine 
in 1851 ; he came to this county in 
1867, and in 1871, settled on his present 
farm of eighty acres, valued at $40 per 



524 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY ; 



acre. ^lembers of the M. E. Church. 
Charlotte, Effie and Aiumon N. are their 
children. 

SHAXLIS, SIMON, farmer, Sec. 
16 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; owns 580 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre ; born in 
Penn., Nov. 5, 1821, where he married 
Julian Harsh Oct. 20, 1842 ; she was 
born in Penn., Feb. 2, 1822 ; they came 
to this county, settling on their present 
farm Oct. 24, 1807. They are members 
of the United Brethren Church. They 
have ten children-Elizabeth, born March 
18, 1843 ; Simon, born July 31, 1844 ; 
enlisted in the 142d Penn. V. I. Co. C, 
Aug. 2, 1862, and discharged May 29, 
1865; Caroline, Jan. 14, 1846; Noah, 
Sept. 3, 1847; Amanda, Nov. 24, 
1848; Emanuel E., Dec. 19, 1851; 
Wesley, May 17, 1854 ; Charlotte, Nov. 
3, 1855; Jacob R., Sept. 8, 1859; 
John R., June 20, 1862. 

Shanlis, W., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

8HI9IER, JESSE, farmer, Sec. 
1*9 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Madison 
Co., Ind., in 1827, and married Eliza 
Winsett Dec. 29, 1849; she was born 
in Delaware Co., Ind., Feb. 19, 1831, 
and died June 28, 1859 ; they have four 
children — Henry C, born Dec. 19, 
1850; John A., Jan. 26, 1853; Will- 
iam A., March 14, 1857, and James M., 
March 4, 1859. In 1852, he emigrated 
to the West, and settled in Linn Co., and 
in the following year came to this coun- 
ty, and settled in Spring Creek Tp. 
Married his present wife, Elizabeth 
Leach, Aug. 25, 1859; she was born in 
Wood Co., Va.; July 28, 1840; their 
children are Elvira J., born Oct. 5, 1860 ; 
Harvey L., Sept. 27, 1862 ; Jesse M., 
Nov. 23, 1864 ; Melissa M., Jan. 30, 
1871, and Hanford A., Jan. 5, 1873; 
have lost three children — Berry E., Ir 
ving G., and EflBe E. Mr. S. was 
largely engaged in the stock business 
during his residence in Spring Creek, 
where he resided until 1874, when he 
removed to La Porte City, and, in 1877, 
settled on his present farm, where he has 
since made it his home. 
HO WALTER, E., former and 
dentist, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Waterloo; born 
in Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, Aug. 30, 1839 ; 
in 1856, he went to Ashland Co., Ohio, 
where he attended school until 1859; 



in 1862, he moved to Wayne Co., Ohio, 
where he married, at West Salem, Cath- 
erine A. Meyers Aug. 28, 1862 ; she 
was born in the same county June 2, 
1841. Emigrated to Van Buren Co., 
Mich., and came to this county in 1873, 
settling on their present estate, consist- 
ing of forty acres, valued at $40 per 
acre. Are members of the German 
Baptist Church. Their children are 
Sarah, born Oct. 12, 1863 ; Mahlon F., 
May 27, 1867, and John, Feb. 7, 1875. 

Sieglaff, C, far., S. 19 ; P, 0. Waterloo. 

Smith, Nathan, far.; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Smith, Samuel, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Waterloo, 

SMITH, WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 
30 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Ireland 
in 1818. Married Bessy Glannay in 
1842 ; she was born in Ireland in 1815. 
Annie, Henry, Richard, Mariah and 
Jane are their children ; lost three chil- 
dren — Isabel, Eliza and Eliza. Emi- 
grated to America in 1853, and settled 
in Winnebago Co., where he resided 
until 1869, when he moved to this 
county, and settled on his present farm 
of eighty-three acres, valued at $40 per 
acre. 

SMITH, WILLIAM F., farmer, 
Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Han- 
over, Germany, in 1835. Married Au- 
gusta Kistner in 1859 ; she was born in 
the same place in 1836, and died in 
1872. Came to this country in 1858, 
settling in Somerset Co., Penn., and in 
1863 came to this county, and settled 
on his present farm in 1864 ; it contains 
120 acres, valued at $35 per acre. 
Charles, Ida, Anna, John, Emma, Willie 
and P]dward are their children. 

SPEICHER, J0H:N, farmer, Sec. 
16 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $45 per acre ; born 
in Somerset Co., Penn., Jan. 7, 1816. 
Married Barbara Saylor Jan. 24, 1841, 
who was born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
March 12, 1822. Emigrated to Alla- 
makee, Iowa, in the Fall of 1854, and 
came to this county Oct. 19, 1856. 
Mr. S. is one of the Speakers of the 
German Baptist Church. Missouria 
(now Mrs. Louis Libby), born Nov. 7, 
1841, and William, March 16, 1860, 
are their children. 

SPOOR, J ACOR, far., S. 25 ; P. 
O. Waterloo ; born in Somerset Co., 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 



525 



Penn., in 1835. Mamed Lydia Horner 
in 1865 ; she was born in Wayne Co., 
Ohio, in 1840 ; came to this county in 
1866, settling in Orange Township. 
Have four children — Lovina, Wilson, 
Eunice and Mariah. 

STOKES, WESLEY S., far. S. 
8 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Putnam 
Co., Ind., April 8, 1844; emigrated 
with his parents to McDonough Co., 
111., in 1848, where he remained until 
1862, when he enlisted in the 124th 
111. V. I., Co. I, engaging in the battles 
of Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg 
and many others, and was honorably 
discharged Aug. 16, 1865 ; returning to 
Hancock Co., 111., and Feb. 12, 1868, mar- 
ried Mary C. Grrigsby ; she was born in 
Muskingum Co., Ohio, July 9, 1848; 
April 1, 1868, they came to this county 
and settled on their present farm, consist- 
ing of 200 acres, valued at #40 per acre. 
Their children are — Edward and Ella 
(twins) born July 6, 1869 ; Ida M., May 
12, 1871 ; Clara E., Dec. 13, 1872; Ar- 
thur E., May, 21, 1876. 

Stoy, C. J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Strickler, J. S., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 



SWEITZER, JONAS D., far , 

S. 31 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Som- 
erset Co., Penn., in 1839, and emigrated 
to this county in 1865, and married 
Lydia Lichty in 1868 ; they have three 
children — Clara, Emma and . Set- 
tled on his present estate the same year 
of his coming, consisting of 293 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. Was one of 
the early settlers in this town and is 
well known throughout. Also are mem- 
bers of the German Baptist Church. 
WARD, NICOLAS, far. ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

Weigle, John, far.; P. O. Waterloo. 

Weiner, Samuel, far.; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Weller, J. J., far., S. 13; P. 0. Waterloo. 

WHITE, SAMUEI^, far., S. 12 ; 
P.O. Waterloo; born in Clark Co., 
111., in 1835. Married Sendrella Nich- 
olls, in 1856 ; she was born in Licking- 
Co., Ohio, in 1837. Came to this 
county in 1851, and settled on their 
present farm of 300 acres, valued at 
$25 per acre, in 1856. Hattie, Clara 
and Lincoln are their children. 

Williams, J. W., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 




526 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



MT. VERNON TOWNSHIP. 



A DAMS, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 
XA. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Allen, B., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Altland, Ed., far., S. 3; P. 0. Nautrill. 
Anderson, R., far.. S. 20 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Andrews, S., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BANDFIELD, J. M.. farmer. Sec. 17; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

BAILEY, HIRAM M., farmer. 
Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Rensselaer Co., N. Y., April 26, 1831, 
and Aug. 27, 1854, married Mary 
E. Williams ; she was born in Nassau, 
same county, in 1837 ; in 1854, he came 
to this county and settled on Sec. 24, 
remaining two years, and removed to 
Illinois and lived there until 1856, when 
be returned and settled on his present 
estate, consisting of 120 acres, valued at 
35,000. Was Supervisor and Trustee 
two terms. Emma S., born March 28, 
1857; Charles E., bora July 2, 1863, 
are his children. Mr. B. is a natural 
mechanic and a self-made man. 

Bandfield, C, far., S. 17; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Barclay, H., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Barclay, M. J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BEI^H, MICHAEL., farmer, Sec. 
1 ; P. 0. Denver, Bremer Co. ; born 
m (rermany in 1832 ; came to America 
in 1850, settling in Rensselaer Co., N. 
y. Married Anna M. Rainhart in 
1857 ; she was born in Germany in 
1832 ; in 1864, came to this county and 
settled on his present farm of 168 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre ; they have five 
children living — George, Sanford, Ida, 
Maud and Cora ; lost two — Caspar and 
Anna M. 

BRACKENBERRY, BENJA- 
MIN, far., S. 12; P. O. Waterloo; 
born in Lincolnshire, England, in 
1819. Married Rebecca Hollman in 
1853; she was born in WilburncliiT 
Rowe, Eng., in 1816, and died in 1868. 
Came to this country in 1872 and settled 
in Cook Co., Ill , removing to this county 
in 1877, where he owns a farm of 120 
acres, valued at $35 per acre. Member 
of the Church of England. William 
A., Benjamin and Elizabeth are his 
ch ildren. 



Brandis, C, far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Briden, John. 

Brown, Joseph, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Nautrill. 

Buck, C, far.. Sec. 12; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BVRK, HENRY, former. Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Germany, in 
1832, and married Juliana Faust in 
1859 ; she was born in Germany in 
1836. Came to this county in 1859, 
settling on his present farm of 320 acres, 
valued at $30 per acre. Are members 
of the Lutheran Church. Charles, 
Henry, Elizabeth, Juliana, George, 
Anna and Clara are their living children ; 
they lost three children — May, Adair, 
and one that died in infancy. 

CALLEGHAN, M., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 

Coates, G., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

Cobb, A., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

COLE, OSCAR, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls ; born in Rensselaer Co., 
N. Y., in 1834. Married Lavantia J. 
Foote in 1858 ; she was born in Che- 
nango Co., N. Y., in 1836 ; they have 
two children — Ellen and Georgia. Came 
to this county in 1854, and settled on 
his present estate of 160 acres, which 
was Government land, and is now val- 
ued at $40 per acre. He broke the first 
land in this town, and numbers among 
those of the earliest settlers. 

Cook, A., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Cook, Asa, far., S. 33; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

DECKEN, RICHARD, farm 
er, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Janesville, Bre- 
mer Co. ; born in Richmond Co., N. Y., 
in 1818. Married Elizabeth A. Cortel- 
you in 1840 ; she was born in same 
county in 1823. Came to this county 
in 1855, and settled on his present es- 
tate, consisting of eighty acres, valued at 
$50 per acre ; is one of the early settlers 
of this town. Their children are Cor- 
nelius L.. Albert W., Lincoln H., Rob- 
ert A., William T. S., Freddie R. and 
Evaline A. ; lost two children — Emma 
E. and John J. 
DEEMING, OEORGE, farmer. 
Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Leices- 
tershire, Eng., in 1836, and came to this 
country in 1 850, and settled for a short 
time in Chicago, when he moved to Will 



MT. VERNON TOWNSHIP. 



527 



.Co., 111., and settled on a farm with his 
father, Thomas Deeming, where he re- 
sided until 1858, when he came to this 
county. In 1861, he enlisted in the 3d 
Iowa Battery, and served over four 
years ; was in the battles of Pea Ridge, 
Alma, Sugar Creek and others, and was 
honorably discharged, when he returned 
to this county and settled on his farm, 
consisting of 120 acres, valued at $35 
per acre. Married Margaret L. Ellenmitt 
in 1864 ; have three children — Freeman 
J., Istibel B. and Guido H.; lost three 
children — Anna, and two that died in 
inlancy. 

DEEMING, THOMAS, farmer, 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in En- 
gland in 1808, and in 1850, came to 
this country, and first settled in Will 
Co., on a farm, where he resided until 
1854, when he emigrated to Nebraska; 
took up a claim and lived one year ; re- 
turning, settled in this county and on 
his present farm, consisting of eighty 
acres, valued at $60 per acre. Married 
Catherine Simpson in 1850 ; she was 
born in England and died in 1854 ; their 
children — Henry S. is still living, and 
Nancy A., who died in 1854. When 
the war broke out, he enlisted in the 19th 
Illinois Regimental Band, and served six 
months. 

DEEMNG, THOMAS C, farm- 
er. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in 
England in 1840, and in 1849, came to 
this country, first settling in Will Co., 
111., where he lived until the war broke 
out, when he enlisted in the 39tli I. V. 
I., and participated in the battles of 
Winchester, Blackwater River, and oth- 
er important battles ; also at Pittsburg, 
and with the forces at the surrender of 
Lee's army ; served over four years, and 
mustered out Dec. 6, 1865. Returning 
home, married Mary A. Bentley, in 
1870, and came to this county and set- 
tled on his present farm of eighty acres, 
valued at S35 per acre ; their children 
are Martha J. and Ruth A. 

DEEMING, WILLIAM, farmer. 
See. 27 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in 
England March 7, 1834. Married Ellen 
Ford Nov. 28, 1858 ; she was born in 
Wyandot Co., Ohio, Sept. 9, 1838. 
Came to this country in 1854, and set- 
tled in this county, where, with the ex- 



ception of one year's residence in Mis- 
souri, he has since made his home ; set- 
tled on his present farm in 1855, con- 
sisting of eighty acres, valued at $40 
per acre. Has been Road Supervisor and 
Trustee one year. Their children are 
Nancy N., Josiah, William H., Louisa, 
Katy M. and Nellie. 

EYESTONE, A. L., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
FISHER, H., far., S. 21 ; P. O.Cedar 
Falls. 

FITCH, THOMAS H., farmer, S. 
3 ; P. 0. Nautrill ; born in Salisbury, 
Conn., in 1804. Married Amelia Har- 
wood in 1836 ; she was born in Ben- 
nington Co., Yx., in 1818. Came to 
this county in June, 1855, and settled 
on his present farm of 280 acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre. Has been Post- 
master at Nautrill for seventeen years, 
and Justice of the Peace for six years. 
Mary C, Cornelia L., John E., Cathe- 
rine A., Isabell J., Harriet N., Annie 
E. and Jessie E. are their living chil- 
dren ; lost three children — Henry A., 
enlisted in the 1st Iowa State Cav., and 
was killed at the battle of Corinth ; Su- 
san L. and Frank A. 

GARTON, J., far., S. 22 ; P. Cedar 
Falls. 

OARTON, THOS. H., farmer, 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Nautrill ; born in St. Jo- 
seph Co., Mich., in 1834. Married 
Margaret Pashby in 1857 ; she was 
born in Yorkshire, England, in 1840 ; 
have seven children — Ada F., Fred, 
Delia P., Joe, William H., Nettie Gr. 
and Agnes V. Came to this county in 
the Spring of 1867, and settled on his 
present place, consisting of 200 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre. 

GEYER, ADAM, former. Sec. 2 ; 
P. 0. Naunell ; born in Columbus, 
Ohio, in 1854, and in 1868, came to 
this county, living with his fether until 
1876, when he moved upon the present 
farm, which he carries on in connection 
with his brother, consisting of 160 acres 

GEYER, JOHN C.,_ farmer, Sec. 
2 ; P. 0. Nautrill ; born in Grermany in 
1815, and married Margaret Smith in 
1838 ; she was born in Germany in 
1821. Came to this country in 1836, 
settlina' in New York City, and after 

5 



528 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



seventeen years, removed to Columbus, 
Ohio, where he remained until he came 
to this county, and settled t)n his pres- 
ent estate of 120 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre. Andrew, George, 
Adam, Henry. Margaret, Kate, Susan 
and Ann are his living children ; one 
died — John. 

GIBBS, CHARI^KS, farmer. Sec. 
12; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in England 
in 1830. Married Mary J. Joice March 
17, 1856 ; she was born in England in 
1839. Came to America in 1842, and 
settled in Onondaga Co., N. Y., where 
he lived until 1860, when he emigrated 
to this county, and settled on his present 
farm, consisting of 120 acres of land, 
valned at $37 per acre. Is one of the 
earliest settlers in this town, and both 
are members of the M. E. Church. Fred 
J. is their only child. 

Griffin, J. K., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

HALLOWAY, G., farmer, S. 23 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 
Heideman, F., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Janes- 

ville. 
HEIZER, LORENZO, farmer, S. 

24 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Germany 
in 1819. Married Christen Hooder in 
1851 ; she was born in Germany in 
1825. First settled in Troy, N. Y., 
where he lived until 1861, when he 
came to this county, and settled on his 
present farm of 280 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre. Has ten children — 
Phillip, Jacob, John, Emma, Sophia, 
Charles, Caroline, Libbie, Fred and 
Henry ; and are members of the Lu ■ 
theran Church. 

Henry, A., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Henry, D. C, far., S. 33; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Henry, F., far., S 21 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
HICKIS, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec, 

25 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Devon- 
shire, England, in 1806. Married Grace 
Palmer Dec. 27, 1829 ; she was born in 
England in 1810. Came to this county 
in 1857, settling in Lincoln Tp., and 
after four years residence, came to Black 
Hawk Tp., remaining six years, when he 
came to this township ; has a farm of 
60 acres, valued at $40 per acre, and is 
one of the oldest settlers in the township, 
members of the Baptist Church. Eliza- 



beth, William, Jr., John, Ezekiel, Mary 
Ann, Stephen, Thomas and Clara are 
his living children ; two dead — Mary 
Ann and Julia. 

Hiser, J. far., S., 2 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Hiser, Joel, far., S. 4; P. 0. Janesville. 

HOLLWAY, THOMAS, far , S. 

23; P. O. Waterloo; born in England 
in 1815, and came to this country in 
1852, and settled in Greene Co., N. Y., 
where he remained until 1869, when he 
came to this county and settted on his 
present farm, consisting of eighty acres 
of land, valued at $40 per acre. Mar- 
ried Mary Dart ; she was born in En- 
gland in 1820 ; they have four children 
— Emma, Jane, Thomas and George 
H. Members of the Free Methodist 
Church. 
HOOL, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 

0. Cedar Falls ; born in Canada in 
1833. Married Nancy N. Murray Dec. 

1, 1857 ; she was born in Ireland io 
1834 ; came to this county in 1855, and 
first settled in Codar Falls, where he 
lived until 1865, when he moved to this 
township and settled on his present 
estate, consisting of eighty acres, valued 
at $25 per acre. 

Howard, H., far., S. 36; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Howe, W. C, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Howe, W. J., far., S. 7 ; P. O. Cedar 
Falls. 

Hue, H., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

HULL, GORDON, farmer, S. 28 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Monroe Co., 
N. Y. in 1830, and came to this State 
in 1866, and settled in Bremer Co., 
where he resided until 1870, when he 
moved to this county and on his present 
estate, consisting of 180 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. In 1871, he 
Married Lydia A. Herrick, widow of 
William Randall ; she was born in On- 
ondaga Co., N. Y. ; has two children — 
M. E. and William. 

JACOB, FREDERIC, farmer, 

t) Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo; born in, 
Kent, ICngland, in 1826. Married Mary 
A. Swift in 1851 ; she was born in Isle 
of Sheppy, England, in 1823; came to 
this country in Feb., 1862, settling in 
Buffalo, N. Y.; after three years, moved 
to Rock ford. 111., residing three years 
and came to Buchanan Co., Towa ; cam. 



MT. VERNON TOWNSHIP. 



529 



to this county in the Fall of 1860. Un- 
listed in Co. B, aist I. V. I., Aug. 14, 
1862 ; was honorably discharged Jan. 
31, 1865 ; was in battles at Vicksburg, 
and Dallas, Ga., where he was wounded 
May 27, 1864. Went to England in 
Dec, 1866, returning in March, 1867, 
settling on his present farm of 160 
acres, valued at .$40 per acre, in Nov., 
1 867 : returned to England with his 
wife in Dec, 1874 ; came back in 1875. 
His wife is a member of the M. E. 
Church. Having held prominent offices 
in his township, he is regarded as a 
prominent man. Thomas, Fredoni W., 
John F., Susannah J., and Morphew are 
his children. 

JAQtIITH, JEFFERSON, far., 
Sec 29; P. 0. Cedar Falls; born in 
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1826, 
which State he left in 1851, and settled 
in Yellow Springs, Ohio, where he lived 
until April, 1854, when he moved to 
this county, where he has since made it 
his home. Married Mary J. Knapp 
in November, 1858; she was born in 
Crawford Co., Ohio, in 1837. In 1860, 
he moved on his present farm of 160 
acres, valued at 130 per acre. Has 
filled the office of Supervisor most of 
the time since 1861 ; was also Magis- 
trate one year at Cedar Falls, and is 
well and prominently known through- 
out the town and county. Their chil- 
dren are Ida L. and Lucy May. 

KIMBERLY, FRED, farmer. Sec. 
10; P. 0. Nautrill. 

King, E., far., S. 36; P. 0. Waterloo. 

King, H., far.. S. 36 ; P. 0. Waterlo". 

KXAPP, DENBfIS, falser. Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Rensse- 
laer Co., N. Y., in 1827. Married 
Francis Clark in 1854 ; she was born in 
same county in 1 831 ; have one child — 
Ida. Came to this county in 1857, and 
purchased, and in 1865, settled on his 
present estate, consisting of eighty 
acres, valued at $35 per acre. Is one 
of the early settlers in this town. 

Kyler, J., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Kyler, J., far., S. 15 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

LEEPER, JACOB W., farmer, Sec. 
27 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
LAWRENCE, JOHN, farmer. 
Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Nautrill ; born in Wash- 
ington Co., Ohio, in 1829. Married 



Asenith Budd in 1857 ; she was born 
in Allen Co., Ohio, in 1832 ; came to 
this county in 1858, and settled on his 
present estate of 160 acres, valued at 
$50 per acre. Are members of the M. 
E. Church. Frank B., Ezra and Ed- 
win (twins) and Emma are their chil- 
dren. 

liEI.AND, R. li., fiirmer. Sec 25 ; 
P. O. Waterloo ; born in New York 
City in 1833. Married Rachel M. Cole 
in 1852 ; she was born in Rensselaer 
Co., N. Y., in 1829. He came to this 
county in 1854, where he has since made 
it his home; owns a farm of 160 acres, 
valued at $40 per aci-e. Is one of the 
early settlers in this town. Greorge F., 
eldest son, was the first boy born in this 
town, and Sarah E. are his children ; 
lost one son — Adolphus. 

Leversee, A. W., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Leversee, S. G., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

LYNCH, CJEO. W., farmer. Sec 
32 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Lake 
Co., Ohio, in 1829. Married Eveline 
DpKing in 1856; she was born in Erie 
Co., N. Y., in 1835; they have five 
children — Clara, John, Burr, Mary and 
Lena. First settled in La Fayette Co., 
Wis., in 1853, where he resided until 
he came to this county in 1864, and set 
tied on his present farm of 200 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. 

McGOURIN, JOHN, farmer. Sec 
25 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

McKinney, Jas., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

McKinney, John, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

McKinney, L. P., far., Sec. 31 ; Cedar 
Falls. 

MARQFIS, €;-EORGE, farmer. 
Sec 2 ; P. 0. Nautrill ; born in Miami 
Co., Ind., in 1841. Married Sarah Ann 
Carberry in 1867; she was born in 
Scotland Co., Mo., in 1848 ; have four 
children — Clarence D., Cora B., Florence 
M. and George E. Settled on bis 
present farm, consisting of eighty acres, 
valued at $30 per acre, in 1867. 

Marquis, J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Nautrill. 

Mears, W., far., S. 13 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

Messinger, H. M. C, far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 



530 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



MILI.ARD, LEONARD B., 

farmer. Sec. 2<i ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born 
in Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1847. In 
1862, he enlisted in Co. C, 31st T.V. I., 
and served three years ; participated in 
battles of Haines Bluft", Arkansas Post, 
and was with Sherman on his march to 
the sea. Married Sarah Blake in 1870 ; 
she was born in New York State in 
1849. In 1874, he came to this county, 
and settled in this township. They have 
two children — Addie and Elias T. 

Miller, John, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

MILLER, WILLIAM, firmer, S. 
18 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Clark 
Co., Ohio, in 1818. Married Rebecca 
A. Gordon in 1844; she was born in 
same county in 1819 ; they came to this 
county in 1867, and settled on his present 
estate, consisting of eighty acres, valued 
at $35 per acre ; their children are 
Margaret, Mary J., John G., Emma 
and Ellen ; lost one child — Julia. Are 
members of the Presbyterian Church. 

Moore, A., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Moore, B., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Nautrill. 

Moore, H. C, far., S. 16; P. 0. Waterloo. 

MOORE, JOHN C, farmer. Sec. 
15 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Hunting- 
don Co., Penn., in 1812, and married 
Mariah Miller in April, 1837 ; sh«>, was 
born in Shenandoah Co., Va., in 1818; 
they have eleven children — Elias A., 
Margaret J., Albert, Henry C, Lydia, 
William, John W., Benjamin, George, 
Mary, Laura M„ and Thomas F. ; they 
have lost two children — John W. and 
Sarah E. Came to this county in 
1860, and settled in this township ; 
moved on his present estate, consisting 
of 196 acres, valued at $35 per acre, in 
1870. Has been Assessor, and is 
a member of the United Brethren 
Church. 

Moore, S. J., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Moore, Wm., far., S. 15; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Munirer, A., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Muuger, T., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Murrey, L., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

NATTGER, F., farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 
Nautrill. 
Nattger, P., far.. Sec. 12 ; P.O. Waterloo. 
Nichols, L. F., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

PATTEE, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 7; 
P. O. Janesville. 



PALMER, W. H., farmer, Sec. 4 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Devonshire, 
England, in 1829. Married Elizabeth 
Hicks in 1850 ; she was born in same 
place in 1830. Mr. P. came to this 
country in 1854, and stopped one year 
in Chicago, when he came to this county 
and settled in Waterloo, where he re- 
sided until 1861, when he moved upon 
his present farm, consisting of 345 
acres, valued at $45 per acre. Is Super- 
visor. Democrat. 

PASHB Y, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 
1 1 ; P. 0. Nautrill ; born in Yorkshire, 
England, in 1835, and in 1852, came to 
this country, settling in St. Joseph Co., 
Mich., until 1856, when he went to Cali- 
fornia, and lived ten months there, and 
returning, married Jane Forsyth in 
1862 ; she was born in England in 1842. 
In 1864, came to this county and settled 
on his present farm of eighty acres, 
valued at $40 per acre. 

Pattee, Isaac, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

Pattee, J., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

Pattee, W. 0., far., S. 7 ; P.O. Janesville. 

Paul, C, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Nautrill. 

Paul, G., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Peck, J. A., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

Peck, W. H., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

PHELPS, ANDREW, far.. Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Janesville, Bremer Co. ; born in 
Crawford Co., Penn., in 1848, and emi- 
grated to this county with his father, 
Edward S., in 1860, and settled in 
Washington Township ; in 1864, he re- 
moved to this town, where his father 
died in 1867. Married Julia Pattee in 
1872 ; she was born in Illinois in 1848 ; 
they have two children living — John E. 
and Sarah J. ; lost one child — Arthur 
N. Rents farm of sixty acres. 

Pixley, D. B., far., S. 32; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Pixley, F. K., far., S. 32; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

"OEINHART, GEORGE A., tar., 

_L\ Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

REINHART, JACOB F., farmer 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Denver, Bremer Co. ; was 
born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1840. 
Married Emma Valentine in 1876; she 
was born in Illinois in 1853. He came 
to this country in 1854, settling in Rens- 
selaer Co., and in 1860, came to this 
county, settling on his present farm of 
190 acres, valued at $35 per acre. Orrin, 
born Dec, 1876, is their child. 



MT. VERNON TOWNSHIP. 



531 



ROIiPH, LYMA]* D., farmer, Sec. 
23 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Chautau- 
qua Co., N. Y., in 183-4, and married 
Hannah M. La Mont in 1865. He em- 
igrated to this county in March of that 
year, and settled on his present fliim of 
1 60 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Both 
are members of the M.E. Church. Ed- 
ward L., Ruby A., Carrie L. and Lou 
Adell are their children. 

Rolph, T., fur., S. 23 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Rowen, F. A., far., S. 6 ; V. 0. Janesville. 

RUNDLE^i, JA:NE, flirmer, Sec. 
4 ; Janesville, Bremer Co.; born in 
Onondaga Co., N. Y., in 1821. Widow 
of Norman R undies, who was born in 
Cortland Co., N. Y., in 1819. They 
were married in March, 1847, and he 
died in Oct., 1870 ; their living children 
are Helen A., Ellci J., Mary E., James 
E., Ida M. and Willie L.; lost four chil- 
dren — Martha, Eva, Norman and Sarah. 
Came to this county in 1856, and set- 
tled on their present estate, living in a 
rude log house, which has given place to 
a large and palatial residence, which Mr. 
R. partly completed before his death. 
The estate consists of 186 acres, valued 
at $60 per acre. Was one of the ear- 
liest settlers in this town, and founder of 
the first school built in this section of the 
county; also held jiromiuent offices, and 
was well and prominently known. 

SEVERIN, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 
O. Nautrill. 
SHAFFER, SAMUEL. M., 

farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Cedar Falls; 
born in Carroll Co., Ind., in 1837. Mar- 
ried Nancy Lenhart in Oct., 1861 ; she 
was born in the same county in 1842 ; 
have three children — William H., James 
L. and John W. Came to this county 
in 1866, and in 1869, settled on his 
present estate, consisting of eighty acres, 
valued at $40 per acre. Has been Road 
Supervisor four years, and his family are 
members of the M. E. Church. 

Shields, R., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

SHIELDN, ROBERT R., farm 
er. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in 
England, July 12, 1809, and married 
Hannah Johnson in 1832 ; she was born 
in England in 1809, and died in 1853 ; 
have six children living — Elizabeth, 
Mary. Isabel, Jane, Samuel and Edward; 
they have lost six children — Robert, 



Edward, Eliza, Sarah, Rosana and Rob- 
ert. Came to America in 1851, and 
settled in St. Joseph Co., Mich., where 
he resided'until 1856, when he came to 
this county, and in 1873, settled on his 
present farm of forty acres, valued at 
$40 per acre. 

SHIELDS, SAMUEL, farmer and 
broom manufacturer, Sec. 17 ; P. O. 
Cedar Falls; born in Yorkshire, En- 
gland, in 1841, and came to this country- 
in 1854, with his father Robert, and 
settled in St. Joseph Co., Mich., where he 
lived until 1861, when he married Orilla 
Thomas ; she was born in Rock Island 
Co., 111., in 1843. Resided one year in 
Chicago, and moved to this county, and 
in 1864, settled on his present estate of 
120 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Is 
Justice of the Peace, School Director 
and Secretary. Has been engaged in 
the manufacture of brooms for twenty 
years, and does an extensive business. 
Their children are Edward V., Melinda 
E., Emma J., Nellie E. and William C. 

SKOW, PETER, farmer, Sec. 24 ; 
P. 0; Waterloo ; born in Denmark in 
1852, and married Martha Fillerup in 
1874; she was born in Denmark in 

1852. Came to this country in 1872, 
and after one year in Grundy Co., came 
to this county, settling in this town.ship. 
Anna K. and Grace E. are his children. 

SMALLING, IRA, far., S. 6; P. 
0. Janesville, Bremer Co. ; born in 
Greene Co., N. Y., in 1818. Married 
Mary E. Peck Feb. 2, 1842, and came to 
this county in April, 1865, and settled on ^ 
his pres'eut farm, consisting of eighty 
acres of land, valued at $3, 000. Are mem- 
bers of the Prebyterian Church. Their 
living children are Dorrance K. and 
Eunice C. ; they lost one child — Har- 
riet B. 

Stanley, J., far., 8. 21 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

STE ARS, HEXRY, far., S. 6 ; P. 

0. Janesville, Bremer Co. ; born in 
Yorkshire, England, in 1827, and came 
to this country in 1835, settling in St. 
Joseph, Mich., where he married Han- 
nah Thurston, in 1855 ; she was bora 
in St. Joseph County in 1835. In 

1853, he moved to Bremer County and 
resided until 1864, when he came to 
this township and settled on his present 
estate, consisting of eighty acres, valued 



532 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



at $35 per acre. Tlieir children are 
Charles H. and A. Genevieve. 

St. John, M. W., far.,S. 21 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

SIJNDERLIN, L.ETITIA, 
far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Janesville, Bremer 
Co. ; born in Cortland Co., N. Y., in 
1821, and married William Sunderland 
in 1872 ; he was born in Chenango Co., 
N. Y., in 1808. Mrs. Sunderland's 
maiden name was Rohrabacher ; her de- 
ceased husband had two children by his 
first marriage — James W., and Martin 
V. She came to this county, settling 
on their present farm, consisting of 76 
acres, valued at $40 per acre, and where 
her husband died. 

SunderUn, M. V. B., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. 
Janesville. 

SunderUn, Wm., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Janes- 
ville. 
THOMPSON, JOSEPH, far., S. 13 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 

Timjeon, F., far., S. 15; P. 0. Nautrill. 

^T^INCENT, WIL.LIAM, far , 
V S. 15; p. 0. Waterloo; born in 
England in 1830. Married Elizabeth 
Salway in 1853 ; she was born in En- 
gland in 1822. Came to this country 
in 1855, and settled in Cook Co., Ill, 
where he lived until 1862, when he 
moved to this county and settled on his 
present farm of 120 acres, valued at $40 
per acre. Are members of the Methodist 
Church. William, John and Alice are 
their children. 

WEBSTER, A. T., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. 
Janesville. 

WARREN, CHARLES F., far , 

S. 28; P. 0. Cedar Falls; born in 
Windham Co., Vt., April 5, 1820. 
Married Nancy Reynolds in 1843 ; she 
was born Sept. ID, 1812; they emi- 
grated to the West in 1843; settling 
in Kane Co., 111., where he Hved until 
September, 1854, when he moved to 
this county, anJ settled six miles west 
of Cedar Falls ; in 1860, he settled on 
his present estate, consisting of 160 
acres, valued at $40 per acre. Is one 
of the early pioneers in this town and 
county. Their children were George, 
born Dec. 8, 1845, and died May 29, 
18^7. and Irving, born Nov. 14, 1847, 
died the same year. 



WEBSTER, DANIEL, far , S. 

4 ; P. 0. Janesville, Bremer Co.; born 
in Lake Co., Ohio, in 1836, and came to 
this county in the Fall of 1854, and 
settled on his present estate, consisting 
of 120 acres, valued at $40 per acre. 
Married Helen Mills Nov. 22, 1855; 

she was born in St. Joseph Co., , 

in 1836. Numbered among the early 
settlers, being one of the five who voted 
at the first election held in this town- 
ship. Went to Dubuque to market, 
and experienced all the difficulties at- 
tending early pioneer life. Their liv- 
ing children are Frank, Fred, Charles, 
Jessie and Katie; they lost one child — 
Cappa. 

Winter, W., far., S. 11; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Woodbury, Jno., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Woodbury, Jos., far., S. 16; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

WOORE, HENRY, far , S 14 ; p. 
0. Waterloo ; born in the Island of Ja- 
maica, West Indies, in 1846. In 1861, 
he enlisted in Co. F, 39th 111. Inf ; was 
in the battles of Winchester, Ft. Sum- 
ter, Deep Bottom, and served three years 
and one month, and was honorably dis- 
charged. Settled on his present farm 
of eighty acres valued at $40 per acre, 
in 1871, and in Feb., 1872, married 
Lydia Moore ; she was born in Union 
Co., Ohio, in 1848 ; Cora M., Ira T. 
and Mary J. are their living children. 

WORCESTER, LEVY B., far , 

S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Ti- 
conderoga, N. Y., in 1820, and married 
Mary A. Grant in 1844; she was born 
in the same place in 1822 ; have three 
children — Albert T., Myron G. and 
Louisa I. Came to the West in 1855, 
and settled in Winnebago Co., 111., 
where he lived eight months, when he 
moved to this county and resided nearl}^ 
one year in Waterloo, when he settled 
on his present estate, consisting of forty 
acres, valued at $40 per acre. Is one 
of the early settlers in this county. 
Was Justice of the Peace seven years, 
and held other town offices, and has been 
prominently identified with the interests 
of the town and county. 
Worcester, M. G., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Ce- 
dar Falls. 



SPRING CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



533 



SPRING CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



ASHLEY, C. E.,far., S. 17 ; P. O. La 
Porte City. 
Asliley, N. F., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

BAILEY, C. M., far.,S. 8; P. O. La 
Porte City. 
BAILEY, CHARL.es F., farmer. 
See. 7 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in Ross 
Co., Ohio, in 184:2, and came to this 
county with parents in 1858, where he 
enlisted in the 5th Regt. I. V. I., Co. E, 
in July, 1861, and was honorably dis- 
charged in November, 1865 ; partici- 
pated in the battles of Corinth, Vicks- 
burg and others, and at the close of the 
war returned to this county, where he 
married Elizabeth Morris in 1870 ; she 
was born in La Porte Co., Ind., in 1852 ; 
have three children — Carrie M., Nellie 
J. and Herbert. Owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $1,000. 

Bailey, C. P., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. La Porte 
Citv. 

BAILEY, JOHN M., farmer, S. 8 ; 
P. 0. La Porte City ; born in Ross Co., 
Ohio, in 1832, and married Emily J. 
Stottard in 1854; she was born in Erie 
Co., Ohio in 1835 ; they have six chil- 
dren — Lewis H., Charles M., Lincoln 
A., EffieE., Edgar and Emma. Came 
to this State with parents in 1850, and 
settled in Linn Co., where he resided 
until 1854, and settled in Poyner Tp., 
and, in 1860, moved on his present 
farm of 260 acres, valued at $30 per 
acre; also owns 160 acres in Sioux Co., 
valued at $2,000. Held the office of 
Sub-Director and Supervisor, and has 
been prominently identified otherwise 
throughout the county. 

Bailey, J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. La Porte City. 

Bailey. L. H., far., S. S; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Bannister, A. G., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Bartlett, B. M., far. ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Bartlett, Wm., far.. Sec. 25 ; P 0. Jesup. 

Benorden, W., far., S. 2; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Bingaman, W. P., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

BCEHRINGER, JOHX, farmer, 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan Co. ; 
born in Germany in 1817. Married 
Johana Shoeman in 1842 ; she was 
born in Germany in 1817 ; they have 



five children — John, Dora, Barbara, 
John (2dj, and Eustine ; came to America 
in 1842, and to this county in 1872, 
and settled on his present farm of forty- 
three acres of land, valued at $35 per 
acre. Are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

Bradfield, C, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Bradfield, W. R., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

Brown, A. H., far., S. 5; P. O. La Porte 
City. 

Brown, G. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

BLTLER, WILLIAM, farmer, 
Sec. 14 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in Ger- 
many in 1813. Married Dority Loloif 
in 1838 ; she was born in Germany ; 
have eight children — Frederick, Henry, 
Albert, Austein, Emma, Harmon, Frank 
and Bertha ; lost four children — Julius, 
who was killed in the army, Henrietta 
and two that died in Germany. Came 
to this country in 1867, and settled on 
his present farm of 275 acres, valued at 
$35 per acre. Are members of the 
Lutheran Church. 

i^ANADY, ANDREW. 

Clark, A., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Clark, G., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Clark, Henry, farmer. 

CLARK, JEREMIAH, farmer. 
Sec. 11; P. 0. Enterprise; born in 
Bedford Co., Pen n., in 1830. Married 
Ellen Ritz in 1850; she was born in 
the same county in 1831 ; Crammel, 
Sammy, Laura, Belle, Willie and Henry 
are their children. Came to this county 
in 1866, and settled on his present farm 
of thirty-eight acres, valued at $25 per 
acre. 

Clark, J. W., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Clark, L., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Clark, W., far., S. 13; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Conley, Sylvester. 

Cox, P., far., S. 12; P. 0. Jesup. 

Cry, David. 



534 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



FIKE, J. L., farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
La Porte City. 

FAI.K, PHEUX, farmer, Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Gilbertville ; born in Baden, Ger- 
many, in 1827. Married Maggie Zun- 
dler in 1858 : she was born in the same 
place in 1836 ; have six children — 
Minnie, Rosie, Phoena, Fred, John and 
Barbara. Came to this country in 1866, 
and settled on his present farm of ninety 
acres, valued at $25 per acre. 

FEHL., JACOB, farmer, Sec. 10 ; 
P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan Co.; born in 
Germany in 1837 ; came to America in 
1846, and settled in Washington Co., 
Wis, Married Margaret Lape in 1861 ; 
she was born in Germany in 1844. 
Katie, Jacob, Eliza, Margaret, Mary 
and George are their living children ; 
have lost two children. Came to this 
county in 1875, and settled on his pres- 
ent farm in May, 1878, consisting of 
200 acres, valued at ^4,000. Members 
of the Lutheran Church. 

Franklin, G., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Franklin, J. L., far. S. 11 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Franklin, L., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Franklin, S., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Franklin, Wm., far., S. 25; P. 0. Jesup. 

/7I TLLEY, S., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Gil- 

VjJT bertville. 

HAMILTON, E., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. 
La Porte City. 

Hamilton, G., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

HAMIL.TOX, JOHX R., farmer. 
Sec. 6 ; P. O. La Porte City ; born in 
Champaign Co.. Ohio, in 1828. Mar- 
ried Sarah Barton in 1861; she was 
born in Union Co., Ind.,in 1833. Robt. 
G., Madison J., William G. and Harry 
E. are their living children. Came to 
this county in 1855, and, in 1859, re- 
turned to Indiana, and settled perma- 
nently in this county in 1873, and on 
his present farm in 1874, consisting of 
eighty acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. 

Hamilton, S., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Harmon, C. H., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

Harmon, D., far.; S. 20; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

Harmon, G. W., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 



Harmon, H. N., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 

Harmon, W. N., far., S. 21; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 

Haymond, J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

HEIXi^E, WILLIAM, farmer, S. 
7 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in Frank- 
lin Co., Penn., in 1842, and married 
Margaret E. Li'tle in 1875 ; she was 
born in Montgomery Co., Penn., in 1 853. 
Feb. 4, 1864, he enlisted in 2d Minn. 
Cav., and was honorably discharged in 
Feb., 1865. Came to this county in 
1873, first settling in La Porte City, 
and in 1874, settled on his present farm, 
consisting of eighty acres of land, val- 
ued at $1,600. Members of Evangelical 
Church. 

HOLLEN^HEAD, CATHE- 
RINE, farming. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. En- 
terprise ; widow of Levi Hollenshead, 
who was born in Fulton Co., Penn., in 
1821. He married Catherine Gifiin in 
1842 ; she was born in the same county 
in 1822 ; they have three children liv- 
ing. Came to this county in 1854, and 
settled on their present farm in 1862, con- 
sisting of forty acres of land, valued at 
$1,000. Mr. H. enlisted Sept. 1, 
1862, and died at Jefferson Barracks 
Feb. 10, 1862, from disease contracted 
while serving in the cause of his 
country. 

Howrey, J. A., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 

Howrey, J. C, far., P. O. La Porte City. 

Hower, J., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Howrey, J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Howrey, James L., far.; S. 15 ; P. O. En- 
terj)rise. 

KNAPP, JOHN, farmer. See. 20 ; P. 
0. La Porte City. 
Knapp, Judson, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 

LAXNING, MICHAEL, farm- 
er, Sec. 18; P. 0. La Porte City; 
born in Jackson Co., Ind., in 1830, 
where he married Martha Sawyer in 
1851 ; she was born in Vigo Co , Ind., 
in 1 833 ; have six children — William 
E., Daniel F., Roselbia, J. E., Alice A. 
and Laura L. ; lost one child — Sarah ; 
cume to this county in 1852 and settled 
on his present estate, consisting of 155 
acres, valued at $30 per acre. Held the 



SPRING CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



535 



offices of Assessor and Trustee and has 
been otherwise prominently identified in 
the interests of the courity. 
LUCAS, PHII.I.1P, firmer, Sec. 
19 ; P. 0. Enterprise ; born in Boone 
Co., Ind., in 1845. Married Mary 
Ames in 1875; she was born in Ran- 
dolph Co., Ind., in 1845. Enlisted in 
82d Ind. V. I., Co. A, and served one 
year and was honorably discharged ; came 
to this county in 1873 and settled on 
his present farm in 1875, of 160 acres, 
valued at ^30 per acre. 

MASTERS, DAVID, former. Sec. 
13; P. 0. Jesup. 
Miller, E., far.,S. 16 ; P. 0. La Porte City, 
Miller, M., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. La Porte City. 
Morris, A., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. La Porte City. 
Morris, J., far., S. 6 ;P. 0. La Porte City. 

PliAXT, DANIEIi R., farmer. 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Enterprise ; born in 
Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1839. Married 
Mary L. Taylor in 1 863 ; she was born 
in Ohio in 1842 ; they have two chil- 
dren — Cecelia L. and Thursie R. ; lost 
one child — Henrietta. Came to this 
county in 1854 with his parents, where 
he has ever since made it his home ; 
settled on his present farm in the Spring 
of 1877. 

RICE, Seth, farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
Enterprise. 
Rice, M., far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Roberts. E. 0., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Roberts, F. P., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Roberts, J. D.,far.,S. 9 ; P. 0. Euterprise. 
Roberts, J. J., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Roberts, J., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

SAWYER, EDMOND, SR., far., S. 7 ; 
P. O. La Porte City. 

Sawyer, E., Jr., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Sawyer, L. D., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Schroeder, A., fiir., S. 3 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Schroeder, N., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Shimer, J. P., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

Smith, G. W., far. ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Smith, H. M., far. and P. M., S. 16 ; P. 
0. Enterprise. 

Smith, M. H., far. and P. M. of Enterprise. 

SPRACJUE, JAMES W., farmer. 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. La Porte City; born in Os- 
wego Co., N. Y., in 1844. Married Aman- 
da Brown in 1 874 ; she was born in Logan 



Co., Ohio, in 1846 ; have one child — 
Dora M. ; Mi's. S. has one child by first 
marriage — Nellie Hagenbaugh. Came 
to this county in May, 1864, and settled 
in Poyner Tp., where he still owns a 
farm of ninety-four acres, valued at $25 
per acre. He enlisted in the 1st I. V. 
C, Co. L, in 1864, and was honorably 
discharged in February. 1865. 

Stephens, H., far., S. 27; P. 0. La Porte. 

STE VEXS, HEWRY, farmer. Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. La Porte ; born in Waukesha 
Co., Wis., in 1835, and came to this 
county in July, 1857, where he married 
Nancy Hammond in 1 860 ; she was born 
in Indiana July 16, 1841 ; their children 
are Alonzo, Sylvester, Clarissa A., Ad- 
die, Edith, Alfred, Ellis, Cora and Eva- 
lena. He enlisted in the 31st I. V. I., 
Co. D, Aug. 8, 1862, and was honor- 
ably discharged in August, 1865 ; en- 
gaged in the battles of Lookout Moun- 
tain, Vicksburg and others. Owns 460 
acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. 
Are members of the Church of God. 

Stephens, S. M., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

Sutherland, A., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. La Porte. 

TAYLOR, R. C, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. 
Enterprise. 

Taylor, F. T. L., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

TEETER, DAlflEL B., farmer, 
Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Enterprise ; born in Bed- 
ford Co., Penn., in 1825. Married 
Emeline Clark in 1850; she was bora 
in same county in 1832 ; have nine chil- 
dren living — Louis, Hannah R., Nancy 
M., Thirman D., Dennis A., Susan A., 
Lucy A., Mahlon H. and Thursa ; have 
lost four children- — John, David F., 
Daniel E. and Emily J. Came to Jeffer- 
son Co., Iowa, in 1851, and to this 
county in 1853, and settled on his pres- 
ent farm, consisting of 200 acres, valued 
at $30 per acre. Mr. T. was among those 
of the earliest settlers in this town and 
county, and has always taken an interest 
in its public affairs, being well known 
throughout. 

WELLS, ABRAMS, far., S. 4 ; P. 
0. Enterprise. 
Wells, H., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Wells, R., flir., S. 4 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
WIL.EIAMS, ABSALOM, farm- 
er. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born 



536 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



in Randolpli Co., Ind., in 1833 ; came 
to this county in 1855, and married 
Sarah Bailey ; she was born in Greene 
Co., Ohio, and died in 1871 ; they had 
eight children by this marriage — Ar- 
melia, Demarquis, Andrew H., Martha 
H., Lizzie. Willie, Curtis and Freddie. 
His present wife, Amanda A. Sprague, 
was born in 1841, and they were mar- 
ried in 1875 ; they have one child. En- 
listed in the 31st I. V. I., Co. D, in 
1863, and served eleven months, and 
was honorably discharged. Settled on 



his present farm in 1868, of 103 acres, 

valued at $35 per acre. Are members 

of the Methodist Church. 
Williams, I. D., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
Williams, M., far., S. 18 ; P. O. La Porte 

City. 
Wood, E. G., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Wood, E. N., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Woods, E., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Wood, G. N., far.,S. 10; P. 0. Enterprise. 
Wood, J. W., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 



1^ 




BENNINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



537 



BENNINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS, J., farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

AI^IiEX, ROBERT, farmer, Sec. 
13 ; P. O. Blakeville ; born in Scotland 
in 1826 ; emigrated to this country and 
Scott Co., 111., in 1850 ; made a trip to 
(,'alifornia in 1852 ; settled on his pres- 
ent farm in 1857. He was married in 
1 863 to Miss Roxie A. Siples, from Can- 
ada ; they have six children — Edwin G., 
George W., Jessie A., Ada May, James 
A.. Lewis A. He has 180 acres of land, 
valued at $3,600. He built a large barn 
in 1875, and a new house in 1877. Mr. 
Allen was among the earliest settlers in 
this county ; he did his trading at Inde- 
pendence for some time after he came to 
the county ; his neighbors were few and 
far between. In politics. Republican. 

Appel, Henry, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Appel, John, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BARTH, H., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

Bett«, M. W., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Biller, A. J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Broadbent, B., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Brown, A. C, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Burke, A., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Burke, H. B., farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

BURK, JOHN, farmer and Justice 
of the Peace, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; 
born in Germany July 30, 1835 ; emi- 
grated with his parents to this country 
and settled in Freeport, 111., in 1857 ; 
to Iowa and on his present farm in 1858. 
He was married in 1864 to Miss M. C. 
Reinbart, from Germany ; she was born 
Feb. 18, 1846 ; they have five children 
— Fred, John, Will, Alfred and Emma 
L. He has 235 acres of land, valued 
at S25 per acre. He has held the office 
of Township Trustee three years, Town- 
ship Assessor two years, Justice of the 
Peace four years, School Director six 
years. President of the School Board 
two years. Mr. Burk and his parents 
were among the earliest settlers in this 
township. They live on Sec. 7 ; they 
are past 75 years of age. Mr. Burk has 
always taken a lively interest in his 
county and townshi]». 

Burk, J. H ,far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 



CAMPBELL, HUGH, farmer, Sec. 
30 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Carigg, S.,far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

CASTEEIi, PERRY,_ firmer, Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Coshocton 
Co., Ohio, in 1830 ; he emigrated to 
Iowa in 1855 ; entered a half section of 
land from the Government the same 
year ; has since sold one-half to his 
brother; he has 160 acres of land, val- 
ued at $4,000. He was married in 
1858 to Miss Emeline Herrod, from 
Knox Co., Ohio ; they have eight chil- 
dren — Frank W., Cora A., Bertie M., 
Minnie J]., Carrie A , Thomas L., Wal- 
ter P. and Dora. He has held the office 
of Township Assessor one year. Road 
Supervisor one year and School Director 
three years. Mr. C. was among the 
earliest settlers in the county ; he built 
the second house between Waterloo and 
Blakeville. He built a fine barn, 40x 
48, in 1877. He deals quite extensively 
in cattle and hogs. 

CHOATE, NATHAN B., farmer. 
Sec. 20 ; P. O. Waterloo ; born in Port 
Hope, Canada West, June 10, 1832 ; 
emigrated to this country and Wisconsin 
1855 ; he came to Iowa, and entered his 
land from the government in 1855, and 
settled on it in 1856. He was married 
the same year to Miss E. P. Leffingwell, 
from Illinois ; she was born in Vermont 
in March, 1838 ; her parents emigrated to 
Ogle Co., 111., in 1845 ; they were amonu 
the pioneers of that county. He has 
400 acres of land, valued at $12,000. 
They have two children — Charles S., 
born Sept. 7, 1857, and Charlotte A., 
born Dec. 21, 1863. Mr. C. imported 
to his farm from Canada, in 1872, six- 
teen head of Devonshire cattle ; the 
pedigree of his herd of thorough-breds 
shows that they have been carefully se- 
lected ; he very readily dioposes of the 
increase of his herd. He was among the 
earliest settlers in the county ; he was 
present at the meeting for the organiza- 
tion of the county ; presented a motion to 
establish the roads on the section lines, 
which, though opposed by many, was 
carried ; he has rented his farm the 
most of the time for the past twelve 



538 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUiNTY 



years, spending his time in Waterloo and 
Ogle Co., 111. He is a Republican in 
politics. 

Cleveland, J. A., far., S. 9 ; P.O. Waterloo. 

Cone, A , far., S. 36 ; P. O. Blakeville. 

Cone, G., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 

Cone, L., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 

COXE, W. A., farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 
0. Waterloo ; born in Pennsylvania in 
1816; emigrated with his parents to 
Connecticut in 1817, and to Wisconsin 
in 1843, to Iowa in 1869, and on his 
present farm the same year. He was 
married in 1841 to Miss Vincy B. 
Mack, from Connecticut ; they have had 
seven children, five living — Augustus, 
Levi P., Amelia, George and Cynthia. 
He has 160 acres of land, valued at 
$4,000. He has held the office of School 
Director one year. Road Supervisor one 
year. Mr. C. has held the position of 
local preacher for the M. E. Church for 
the past thirty-five years ; he preaches 
occasionally now. 

COWI.ISHAW, J. H., farmer S. 
13 ; P. 0. Blakeville; born in England 
in 1830 ; emigrated to this country and 
Pennsylvania in 1830, to Illinois in 
1851, across the plains to California in 
1852 ; returning, made a trip to En- 
gland in 1855 ; returned and settled on 
his present farm in 1855. He was mar- 
ried in 1858 to Miss Lucy French, from 
England ; they have had five children, 
three living — Betsey, Yeoman N. and 
Gertrude. He has 475 acres of land, 
valued at $15,000. He has held the 
. office of School Director six years. Road 
Supervisor six years, and Treasurer. 
Mr. S. was among the earliest settlers 
in the county, only two houses being be- 
between him and Waterloo at that time. 

, He took another trip lo England in 
1866. They are members of the Free- 
Will Baptist Church ; he is a Repub- 
lican in politics. 

Cumraincs,"S., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

DOHNER, JACOB, farmer, S. 17 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 
EICKELBERG, FRED., farmer, S. 
10; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Ennis, Jacob, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

FAUST, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 
Fmk, J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 



FOALE, ROBERT S., farmer. 
Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Indi- 
ana Sept. 20, 1833 ; emigrated to this 
State in 1856; settled on his jjresent 
form in 1874. He was married in 1861, 
to Mij^s Martha Siple, from Canada ; she 
was born Sept. 4, 184H ; they have four 
children — Mary A., born July 14, 1863 ; 
Joseph L., born March 21, 1865 ; Eliza 
J., born June 18, 1869 ; Elias E., born 
Aug. 24, 1876 ; Eliza died March 18, 
1870. He has eighty acres of land, 
valued at $18 per acre. In politics. 
Democrat. His parents were among the 
early settlers in Lester Township. 

Fritz, Conrad, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

FULLER, D. D., farmer. Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Vermont Jan. 
18, 1828 ; moved with his parents to New 
York in 1834 ; he came to Do Kalb Co., 
111., in 1855 ; to Iowa in 1863 ; on his 
present farm in 1865. He was married in 
1852, to Miss Abigail J. Wordward, 
from New York ; she was born in Chau- 
tauqua Co., N. Y., Dec. 11, 1828. He 
has 160 acres of land, valued at $4,000. 
He has made some fine improvements 
on his farm, among which, is a fine barn, 
36x40, built in 1875. He has held the 
office of Township Assessor three years. 
Township Treasurer six years, Town- 
ship Clerk two years. Justice of the 
Peace two years. They have five chil- 
dren — Katie M., Mary C, Ida E. and 
Fred. A. ; Charles and Katie are dead. 
Mr. F. is a Republican in politics. They 
. are members of the Free-Will Baptist 
Church. He has always taken a lively 
interest in the affairs of the county and 
township. 

Funk, C, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

GOFF, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 

Gookins, D. J., f\ir., S. 17 ; P.O. Waterloo. 

GRAHA9I, HEXRY, farmer, Sec. 
18 ; P. 0. Waterloo born in Tomp- 
kins Co., N. Y., in 1836 ; he emigra- 
ted to Iowa, and on his first farm in 
1855. He was married in 1864 to 
Miss Mary Gibbs, from New York ; they 
have four children — Frances 0., Ida, 
Carrie and Lewis ; Frances and Ida are 
dead. He has 160 acres of land, valued 
at $4,000. They are members of the 
Methodist Church. They were among 
the earliest settlers in the township. 



BENNINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



539 



His nearest market was Independence. 
PoliticvS, Republican. 

HARDING, E., farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 

Hardincj, J., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 

Hazel, H. L., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Hecht, Fred., tar., S. 2l' ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Hotfman. J., far.. Sec. 34 ; P.O. Waterloo. 

HOMER, H. p., farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 
0. Waterloo ; born in Cortland, N. 
Y., in 1836 ; emigrated to Iowa, and 
his present farm in 1856. He was mai-- 
ried in 1860 to Miss Griorvinia Corwin, 
from New York ; they have three chil- 
dren — Herbert F., Herman C. and 
Adella. He has 160 acrps of land, val- 
ued at S4,000. Mr. Homer represented 
his county in the State Legislature in 
1876 : he has held the oiEees of Justice 
of the Peace eight years, Township 
Supervisor two years. Township Trus- 
tee five years. Township Clerk two 
years, and Assessor two years. Mr. H. 
is Republican in politics. He has al- 
was taken a prominent part in the in- 
terests of his county and Tp. 

HITTOX, WII.LIAM W., for , 

Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Adams Co., Penn., in 1825, and mar- 
ried Margaret Buck in 1852 ; she was 
born in Centre Co., Penn., in 1829 ; 
they came to this county in 1856, and 
now has a farm of 160 acres, valued at 
S35 per acre ; was one of the early set- 
tlers in this town and county. Member 
of the M. E. Church. Has held the 
offices of Assessor, Township Trustee 
and Supervisor. Ellen R., Daniel M., 
Samuel J., Margaret E., William E., 
Charles W., Ida V. and Frank E., are 
his children. 
TJIMELT, OTTO, farmer, S. 16; 
I P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Germany Feb. 
13, 1832 ; emigrated to this country 
and settled in Chicago in 1852 ; he was 
employed on the construction of the old 
C. & N. W. R. R. lor three years ; he 
moved to Kankakee Co. in 1855. He 
was married in 1866 to MissMenaDah- 
ler, from Germany ; she was born Aug. 
2, 1844. They came to Iowa, and on 
his first farm in 1867; he has a fine 
farm of eighty acres of land, under a 
good state of cultivation, with fine im- 
provements, which he values at $30 per 
acre. In politics, he is a Democrat. 



They are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

JOL.LS, D. W., farmer, Sec. 30 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in New York 
in 1831 ; emigrated to Michigan in 
1853, and to Iowa and Davenport in 
1854 ; moved to his present farm in 
1859. He was married in 1853 to Miss 
Electa White, from New York ; they 
have four children — Elva J., Albert W., 
Edgar and Ida May. He has 160 acres 
of land, valued at $5,000. He has held 
the offices of Road Supervisor four 
years, and School Director three years. 
In politics. Republican. Mr. J. erected 
a fine, large barn (40x60), in 1877. 
He entered his land from the Govern- 
ment in 1854; he now has one of the 
finest farms in the Tp. He was the 
earliest settler in the county. 

KEHE, J. C, far., S. 2; P. 0. Blake- 
ville. 
Kurth, J., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

LINDSEY, H., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
Lintred, J., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
nV/TcGINLEY, C. 

McGinley, H., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Michel, J., ret. far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Millikin, S., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 
Myers, G. H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 
Myers, G. K., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Myers, H., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Myers, M., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Myers, S., far., S. 24; P. 0. Blakeville. 
'\T0TTGER, J. PHILLIP, far., S. 9 ; 
_ _M P. 0. Waterloo. 
"3AUL, C. A., far., Sec. 35; P. 0. 
J^ Waterloo. 

Paul, John, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Potter, W. F., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Price. W. H., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

REIREL, J. M., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
Ressler, J. H., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Rhodes, J., tar., S. 12 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Rogers, J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 

Sx\GE. G. W., school teacher. Sec. 18 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 
Sage, H., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Schenk, C, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
l§iCH£9fK, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 
19*; P. 0. Waterloo ; was born in Ger- 
many May 6, 1834 ; emigrated to this 
country and Connecticut in 1854 ; to 



540 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



New York in 1855 ; to Burlington, 
Iowa, in 1857 ; he took a trip to Cali- 
fornia in 1859 ; returning, he made a 
trip to Germany in 1863. Was mar- 
ried in 18G4 to Miss Mary Gizer, from 
Germany ; she wats born Feb. 14, 1843. 
Returning to this country, he settled on 
his present farm in 1864; he has 240 
acres of land, valued at $4,000 ; they 
have had seven children — Joseph, John 
M., Elizabeth, Irwin, Catherine, Lena, 
Casper W. Democrat. 

Schutte, H., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Smith, Fred, far., S. 16 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

SOUTH, CHARLES S., farmer, 
Sec. 25; P. 0. Blakeville ; born in 
Allegheny Co., Penn., Oct, 31, 1842; 
emigrated to this State and his present 
farm in 1865. He was married, in 
1863, to Miss Jane McGill, from Greene 
Co., Wis; they have five children — 
John C, Edith R., Harry R., Leonard 
and Effa. He has eighty acres of land, 
valued at 82,000. He has held the 
office of School Director one year. Mr. 
S. enlisted in the army Sept. 5, 1861, 
iu the 5th Wis. Battery ; mustered out 
March 3, 1863 ; he was in several se- 
vere engagements. 

Spies, P., far., S. 2 , P. 0. Lester. 

Stark, E., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Stark, M., f\ir., S. 2 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

STEELY, JOHX M., farmer. Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1837 ; came to Iowa, and on 
his present farm in 1868. He was mar- 
ried in 1859, to Miss Mary Haifa, from 
Pennsylvania ; they have eight children 
—Allen W , Henry, Ellsworth M., Dan- 
iel O., Nelson, John, Joel, Cora E. He 
has 320 acres of land, valued at $6,000. 
He has held the office of Township Su- 
pervisor two years, Township Trustee 
three years. School Director four years. 
In religion, they are members of the 
Evangelical Church ; in jiolitics, Re- 
publican. Mr. S. has always taken a 
prominent part in the intei'ests of his 
county and township. 



Stickles, S., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Stubbs, F. W., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Stubbs, J. W., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

WARNAKA, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 
22 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Weingarbred, J. J., far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

WELSTEAI>, THOS., farmer, S. 
26; P. 0. Blakeville; born in Alle- 
gany Co., N. Y., in 1838 ; moved to 
Illinois in 1863 ; to Iowa in 1865, and 
to his present farm in 1869. He was 
married in 1859, to Miss Lucy Bennett, 
from New York ; she was born April 
11, 1836; they have two children — 
Clarence H., born Aug. 19, 1861 ; 
Merta B., born Jan. 18, 1871. Mr. 
W. has 160 acres of land, valued at 
$4,000. He has held the office of 
Township Trustee six years, Towiiship 
Assessor one year. Road Supervisor four 
years. In politics, Republican. As a 
fiirmer, he has been very successful, and 
at this time finds himself out of debt 
and ready to make improvements. 

Whitney, A., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 

Whitney, F. A., far., S. 23 ; P.O.Waterloo. 

Widdel, C, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 

Widdel, H., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Wilson, J. L.; P. O. Waterloo. 

WILSOX, W. A., farmer. Sec. 30 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo; born in North Caro- 
lina in 1834 ; emigrated to Kossuth Co., 
Iowa, in 1855; to Mahaska Co. in the 
Fall of 1859 ; to this county in 1863, 
and to his present farm in 1866. He 
was married in 1858 to Miss Chloe 
Lawrence, from New Yoik; they have 
nine children — Barnett A,, Ellis E., 
Mary C, P^mma J., William L., Frank 
G., Edith L., Elsie L. and baby. tie 
has 240 acres of land, valued at $6,000. 
He has held the office of Township 
Trustee two years. Township Assessor 
one year, School Director five years. 
In politics, he is a Republican. 

Wining, C, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

YOUNG, J., farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. O. 
Waterloo. 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



541 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



BARKER, R., farmer S. 9 ; P. 0. 
Finchford. 
BElfHAM, WIL.L.IAM,far., S. 29; 

P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Aug., 1835, 
in Brown Co., Ohio; in 1850, came to 
Stark Co., Ill ; in 185-4, came to Black 
Hawk Co.; in 1864, came to his present 
farm ; owns forty acres of land, valued 
at $25 per acre. Married Mary Young 
Nov. 20, 1856 ; she wus born in 1840 
in Illinois; died April 22, 1863; have 
three children — E. G., William J., and 
John S. ; second marriage to Lucinda 
Hoesington, June 18, 1865 ; she was 
born in 1846 ; have five children — 
Hiram, George, Cora, Theodore and 
Jay. 

BEXXETT, JAMES, farmer, S. 
16 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born Aug. 14, 
1827, in Ireland ; in 1840, came to Can- 
ada ; in 1874, removed to Oswego Co., 
N. Y. ; in 1850, came to Kane Co., III.; 
in 1853, came to his present farm ; owns 
220 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. Married Elizabeth McNally in 
1850 ; she was born in 1830, in Ireland , 
had nine children, seven living — Walter 
J., William A., Lizzie A., Louisa M., 
Douglas H., Aurrie J. and James A. 
He has been Assessor and Road Super- 
visor. 

BOVEE, I. M., farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls ; born March 6, 1836, in 
Fulton Co., N. Y.; in 1851, came to 
Will Co., Ill ; in 1854, came to Black 
Hawk Co., Iowa ; first entered 120 acres 
of land in Sees. 17 and 20, from the 
Grovernment ; now owns 124 acres, valued 
at $25 per acre. His father died in 1854, 
aged 56 years ; his mother died in 1855, 
aged 54 years. Has been Constable for 
three or four terms. 

BOZARTH, CLINTON, farmer, 
Sec. 30 ; P. O. Cedar Falls ; born Apiil 
10, 1830, in Louisa Co., Va.; in 1839, 
came to Muscatine Co., Iowa ; in 1850, 
removed to California ; in 1854, came 
to his present farm, which he entered 
from the Government ; owns 300 acres 
of land, valued at ^30 per acre. Mar- 
ried Elizabeth Lane in 1855 ; she was 
born April 17, 1833, in Harrison Co., 
Va.: have seven children — Wilford, 



Granville, John, Charles, Lee, Harry 
and Maud. He has been School Trus- 
tee about five years. 

BROWN, B. F., agt. B., C. R. & N. 
R. R., Finchford ; born July 14, 1841, in 
Fulton Co., Ind.; in 1869, came to Cedar 
Falls ; Sept. 13, 1875, came to his pres- 
ent position. Married M. E. Powers 
Oct. 13, 1864; she was born May 26, 
1845, in Miami Co., Ind. ; have two 
children — Charles E. and Genevieve. 
Enlisted April 16, 1861, in Co. A, 2d 
Ohio V. I. ; served three months in Co. 
D, 13th Ohio V. I.; afterward, re-en- 
listed and served until the close of the 
war ; participated in the battles of Perry- 
ville, Ky., Stone River, Chickamauga, 
Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain, 
Allatoona Mountain, Ga., and others ; 
was wounded June 2, 1864, and honor- 
ably discharged May 17, 1865. 

Burke, J., far., S. 7 ; P. O. Finchford. 

/'CAMERON, CHARLES, far., S. 28; 

\y P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Cameron, J. R., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Cassaday, W. J., Sr.. far., S. 7; P. 0. 
Finchford. 

Cassaday, Wm., Jr., blacksmith, Finch- 
ford. 

CHLIRCHIIiL, J. P., S 6 ; P, 
Finchford. 

Clark, C, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

COLLINS, G. W., S. 6 ; P. 0. 
Finchford. 

Collins, 0. N., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Finch- 
ford. 

Corwin, Wra., far., S. 7 ; P. O. Finch- 
ford. 

Covey, A. H., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Covey, L. ^Y., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Crans, F. A., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Crook, M., far., S. 28; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

"T^EES, M., proprietor mill, Finchford. 

Deimer, L., prop. Finchford Hotel. 
Diller, J. H., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Finchford. 
Dutcher, E., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

ELDERKIN, D., far., S. 18; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 



542 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY ; 



FAIST, C, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 
Finch, P. D., merchant, Finchford. 
Franzkie, H., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

GERHOLT, C, far., S. 20 ; P 0. 
Cedar Falls. 
Gerholt, R., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

HACKLINGER, F., flu-., S. 21 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 

HACKETT, MARY, MRS., 
daughter of Rosel Lent and widow of 
John Hackett, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Finch- 
ford. He was born in 1804 in Canada, 
and died in 1863. She was born in 
1806 in Clinton Co., N. Y. Was mar- 
ried in 1831 ; they came to their pres- 
ent farm in 1854; she owns 165 acres 
of land, valued at S25 per acre ; had 
six children, two living — Alonzo and 
Delia. 

Hammer, A., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

Hook, E. G., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

JANES, E. L., former, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 

Janes, H., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Jones, B., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

JONES, C. A., farmer. Sec. 30; P. 
0. Cedar Falls; born Dec. 14, 1848. 
Married Emma F. Clark April 15, 
1874; she was born April 3, 1855; 
have three children — Edith, Emma E. 
and infant. His father, Benj. Jones, 
was born Aug. 3, 1807, in New Haven ; 
in 1814, came to Windsor Co., Vt., ; in 
1858, came to Cook Co., 111. ; in 1865, 
came to their present farm ; they own 
320 acros, valued at S25 per acre. Mar- 
ried Minerva Smith in 1829; she was 
born Aug. 27, 1811, in Barnard, Yt. ; 
had twelve children, three living — 
Willard S., Mary, Clarence A. Elias S. 
cMJisted in 1861, Co. K, 113th Illinois 
Infantry ; served about one year and 
died of a disea.><e contracted in the army 
at Yicksburg, Miss. 

Jones, W., far., S. 33; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

KLOCK, P. G., farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 
LANTZ, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. Finchford. 

McNIEL, JAMES, carpeuter, Finch- 
ford. 
March, Jesse, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Finchford. 
Marks, L., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Matz, A., blacksmith, Finchford. 



Mickley, H., Constable, Finchford. 

Miller, F., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

Miller, J M., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

Miller, M., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

Miller, Wm., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Margan, A., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

MORGAN, JNO., farmer, Sec. 16; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls; born Dec. 14, 1817, 
in Warren Co., Ohio; in 1849, came to 
Stark Co., 111.; in 1855, came to Black 
Hawk Co., Iowa ; owns eighty acres, 
valued at S25 per acre. Married Mary 
A. Miller in 1846 ; she was born Sept. 
21, 1829, in Clermont Co., Ohio ; have 
two children — Catharine E. and 
Andrew. 

Mulnix, A., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

NEWELL, DAYID, farmer. Sec. 8 ; 
P. 0. Finchford. 

NEWEIiL, GEORGE, farmer. 
Sec. 20; P. 0. Finchford; born Jan. 
18, 1833, in Wayne Co., Ohio ; in 1836, 
came to Louisa Co., Iowa ; in 1846, 
came to Black Hawk Co.; in 1856, re- 
moved to his present farm ; owns 185 
acres, valued at ^25 per acre. Married 
Adelia Hackett Feb. 12, 1856 ; she was 
born April 19, 1834, in Ohio; have 
seven children — Alonzo, Mary E., Jen- 
nie, Clara, Ernest, Louetta and Louella 
are twins. 

XEWEJLIi, H. J., farmer. Sec. 16 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls; born Oct. 12, 1831, 
in Wayne Co., Ohio ; in 1832, came to 
Louisa Co., Iowa; in 1846, came to 
Black Hawk Co., Iowa ; in 1856, re- 
moved to his present farm ; owns 266 
acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married 
Sarah J. Benham Nov. 20, 1855 ; she 
was born Sept. 3, 1840, in Ohio ; had 
seven children, five living — Mary M., 
Marion F., Florence A., Emmitt M. and 
Harrison G. 

NEWELL., MAjRION, farmer. Sec. 
4; P. 0. Janesville ; born Jan. 21, 
1841, in Louisa Co., Iowa ; in 1847, 
came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa ; first 
located a farm in Sec. 3, Washington 
Tp.; in 1873, removed to Janesville, and 
kept the Janesville House ; in 1876, 
removed to his present farm ; owns 174A 
acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married 
Emily F. Webster in 1867 ; she was 
born in March, 1850, in Illinois ; had 
four children, three living — Olive L., 
May and George H. Enlisted in 1862 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



543 



in Co. B, 38th Iowa V. I.; served to the 
close of the war. 
Neswonger, G. W., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Finch- 
ford. 
PASHBY, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 
0. Finchford. 
Peterson, F., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Plats, J., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Finchford. 
Pound, T. R., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

RANBA, J., former, Sec. 18; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 
Rarick, A., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Rich, C, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Roloif, John, wagon mfr, Finchford. 

SANDS, GEORGE, farmer, Sec. 6; P. 
O. Finchford. 

Saul, D., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Saul, E., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Sharp, J., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

Sohr, C, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Finchford. 

SMITH, A. li., farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls; born March 31, 1835, 
in Massachusetts; in 1839, came to 
Winnebago Co., 111. ; in 1865, came to 
Black Hawk Co., Iowa ; owns 185 acres, 
valued at $25 per acre. Married Eunice 
M. Wheeler April 2, 1857 ; she was 
born in 1837, in New York ; have six 
children — Fred L., Elsie E., Orvil, 
Courtney, Orra and Gains. Mr. S. has 
been three years Assessor. 



Stanton, E. H., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Stanton, L. B., far., S. 7 ; P. O. Cedar 

Falls. 
Streeter, A., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Streeter, E. P., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Sturms, H., far., S. 9 ; P. O. Finchford. 

THOMPSON, O. S., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. 
Finchford. 
THOMPSON, HENRY J., form- 
er. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born 
April 6, 1824, near Springfield, Mass. ; 
in 1827, came to Washtenaw Co., Mich.; 
in 1833, came to Du Page Co., 111. ; in 
1854, came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa ; 
owns 120 acres, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Mary Hawkins in 1858 ; she 
was born in 1839, in New York ; have 
four children — George, William, Clar- 
ence and Lillie May. 

YAN WERT, E. A., far., S. 32 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 
Van Wert, John, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

WATSON, U. H., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. 
Finchford. 
Wood, Samuel, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Finch- 
ford. 




544 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



POYNER TOWNSHIP. 



A LDEN, B. D., clergyman, Raymond. 

Aldrich, D. D. 

Althouse, George, laborer. 

Ambrose, M., far., S. 22 and 23 ; P. 0. 

Gilbertville. 
Arthur, John, far. ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

BAKER, J. W., far., S. 12; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

BAKER, J. E., farmer, and Local El- 
der of the M. E. Church, S. 14 ; P. 0. Wa- 
terloo ; born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Dec. 
6, 1831 ; moved to New Jersey in 1852 ; 
to Wisconsin in the Spring of 1857 ; to 
Iowa and Black Hawk Co. in 1865 ; on 
his present farm in 1873. Was married 
Jan. 30, 1855, to Miss Rebecca Robins; 
they have tea children — Mary, Cathetia, 
Charlotte R., Richard C, Louisa, Isa- 
bella M., Rebecca E., Edwin U., Chas. 
M., Esther. He has 280 acres of land 
in Black Hawk Co., valued at $6,200 ; 
160 acres in Grundy Co., valued at 
$4,000. He was licenced to preach at 
Freehold, N. Y., at the age of 22, and 
at once entered upon the work of the 
ministry ; at the age of 25, he joined 
the Wisconsin Annual Conference ; in 
the Fall of 1863, was disabled by sick- 
ness ; in the Fall of 1866, he was 
stationed at Buckingham, Tama Co., as 
a supply ; was transferred to the Upper 
Iowa Conference in 1868, of which he 
remained a member until the Fall of 
1877, when he voluntarily located to 
attend to the interests of his family and 
farm ; he still preaches occasionally. 
The daughter, Mary, is a teacher of 
mathematics at the College for the 
Blind at Vinton. Cathetia and Char- 
lotte are also teachers. 

Baker, L., far., Sec. 12 ; "P. 0. Raymond. 

Ballow, A., far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Ballow, E. B., far., S. 12; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Bannister, P., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Barker, J., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Bell, John, retired, Raymond. 

Bell, Wm., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Bigsby, Levi, far. ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Bowerman, H. K., laborer, Raymond. 



BROMWELIi, J. E., farmer, Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Raymond ; born in Linn 
Co., Iowa, March 12, 1847; moved to 
Jones Co. in 1864, and to his present 
location in 1865. Married in 1875 
to Miss Eliza J. Lamb, from England ; 
she was born July 14, 1852 ; they have 
two children — Edward 0., born July 6, 
1876; baby, born Feb. 17, 1878. Mr. 
B. held the office of Road Supervisor 
one year. Has eighty acres of land, val- 
ued at 82,400. In politics. Republican. 
His mother lives with him ; she was 
born in Kentucky in 1816 ; his father 
died in 1866. 

Bronson, F., laborer, Raymond. 

Bronson, J. W., far., S. 15; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 

Bronson, L. H., laborer, Raymond. 

Buchner, J. C, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Water- 

BIJRROUGHN, J. W., clergyman 
and pub. and prop, of Burroughs' Journ- 
al, Raymond ; born in Erie Co., N. Y., in 
1832 ; moved to Pennsylvania in 1837 ; 
to Illinois in 1845; to Floyd Co., Iowa, 
in 1853 ; settled on his present location 
in 1874. He was married in 1862 to 
Miss H. A. Bockus, from Pennsylvania. 
Mr. B. has been in the ministry for the 
past twelve years, seven years in Illi- 
nois and five years in Iowa ; he has 
been the Pastor of the Christian Church 
at Raymond for four years ; published 
the Burrouglis' Journal for five years ; 
eighteen months in Streator, 111., as 
Rock of Salvation, and three years in 
Raymond as Burroughs' Journal. He 
is also Pastor of the Christian Church at 
Cedar Falls ; has been its Pastor for 
three years. 

Butler, R. W., physician, Raymond. 

Butterfield, A., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

CALDWELL, C. C, far , S. 36 ; P. 
0. Raymond. 

Call, ()., blacksmith, Raymond. 

CA11PBEI.JL, C. B., far. and stock 
raiser S. 13 ; P. 0. Raymond ; born in 
Columbia Co., N. Y., in 1843 ; moved to 
Waterloo, Iowa, in 1865; settled on his 
present farm in 1 872 ; he has 360 acres of 
land valued at $9,000. He represented 
his county in the Legislature in 1874-5; 



POYNER TOAVNSHIP. 



545 



' Township Assessor one year. Mr. C. 
is quite extensively engaged in stock 
raising ; he makes blooded hogs a spe- 
cialty ; the Poland-China is his favorite. 

Carey, A., far., S. 12; P. O. Waterloo. 

Carrington, C, farmer, Raymond. 

Carroll, H., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Carroll, J., farmer, Gilbertville. 

Chamberlin, C, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 

Chapeliski, railroad hand, Raymond. 

Ciegler, C, retired, Raymond. 

Clark, A. D., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

€IiOSE, J. F., blacksmith, Gilbert- 
ville; born in Prussia in 1832 ; came to 
this country, and Prairie du Chien, 
Wis., in 1858 ; to Iowa and Allamakee 
Co. in 1859 ; to McGreger in 1863, and 
to Black Hawk Co. in 1865. He was 
married in 1862 to Miss Dora Shroeder, 
from Prussia ; they have two children 
— Julia, born in 1873, and Anna, born 
in 1875. He has 160 acres of land, 
valued at $4,000. He was in the Gov- 
ernment employ as blacksmith at Nash- 
ville and Chickamauga in the Winter 
of 1864-5. Mr. Close is an A No. 1 
workman, and thereby secures a large 
business ; he also manufactures " The 
Freedman Patent Drag." 

Collum, J., farmer, Waterloo. 

Cook, I., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

CORWIX, I._ T., farmer, Sec. 25; 
P. 0. Gilbertville ; born in Tompkins 
Co., N. Y., in 1827 ; moved with his 
parents to Lake Co., 111., in 1845. He 
was married in 1853 to Miss Sarah Da- 
vis, from Illinois ; they moved to Iowa, 
and located on their present farm in 
1854 ; they have five children — How- 
ard M., Elmer F., Ella J., Fred. W., 
Nettie E. They have 380 acres of land, 
valued at $10,000. He has held the 
office of County Supervisor seven years, 
and holds the same by appointment now ; 
Justice of the Peace seven years, Tp. 
Clerk two years, Tp. Assessor two years, 
and Road Supervisor two years. Has al- 
ways taken a prominent part in the 
interests of the county and township. 
He moved to this State with an ox 
team ; arriving at Independence, they 
found the roads so bad, caused by heavy 
rains, that they were obliged to leave 
their team and foot it to their present 



home ; they endured many privations ; 
neighbors very scarce, and Cedar Falls 
their nearest market, and Independence 
their nearest mill. He assisted in the 
organization of the Township, and gave 
to Gilbertville the name of Frenchtown, 
by which it is now called. Going to 
G. one day, he met a neighbor who 
asked him where he was going ; he said 
"to Frenchtown," by which name it has 
since been called, except as a Post 
Office. 

Corwin, J. A., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

"pvANIELS, C. H., farmer, Raymond. 

Deisch, J., far., S. 14; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Deisch, N., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Deitrick, W. S., merchant, Raymond. 

Denniston, M. G., far. ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

DIXOX, T. A., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Gilbertville ; born in Columbus, Ohio, 
in 1845 ; moved to Illinois in 1851 ; to 
Iowa and Black Hawk Co. in 1856 ; on 
his present farm in 1868. He was mar- 
ried the same Spring to Miss Lucy 
Wheeler, from Indiana ; they have four 
children — Adda J., Ernest, Willie and 
Alfred. He has 200 acres of land, val- 
ued at $6,000. Republican. His par- 
ents were among the earliest settlers of 
the county. 

Douglass, 0. M., farmer ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

EDGINGTON, G. T., farmer; P.O. 
Raymond. 

Edgington, J. T., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 

Edmunds, E. B., flir., S. 23 ; P. 0. Wa- 
terloo. 

Edwards, J. B., far., S. 11 ; P.O.Raymond. 

Eickelberg, C, far.; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

EMERT, J. J., far., S. 12; P. 0. 
Waterloo ; born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
May 25, 1837 ; moved to Illinois in 
1857; returned to Pennsylvania in 
1859 ; to Iowa in 1868. He was mar- 
ried Aug. 19, 1866, to Miss Elizabeth 
Maurer from Pennsylvania ; she was 
born Jan. 6, 1841 ; they have had four 
children — Ross W., born xiug. 31, 
1867; Clara B., born Nov. 11, 1869; 
Annie M., born May 25, 1871 ; Carrie 
v., born Aug. 15, 1877 ; Clara B. and 
Annie M. are dead. Mr. E. enlisted in 
the 2d Ky. V. C, Co. G, August, 1864; 
mustered out in 1865. He has 360 



546 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



acres of land, valued at $12,000. He 
has held the office of School Director 
three years, Treasurer three years, Road 
Supervisor two years. Mr. Ernest has 
a beautiful farm, with a fine residence 
and farm buildings. Republican ; his 
wife is a member of the Lutheran 
Church. 

ENGIiE, JOHN, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. 
Raymond ; born in Belmont Co., Ohio, 
in 1833 ; moved with his parents to 
Morgan Co. in 1835 ; to Washington 
Co. in 1839 ; to Iowa, and Black Hawk 
Co., in 1860; on his present farm in 
1865 He was married in 1854 to 
Miss Louisa Heald from Ohio ; they 
have had five children — Levi H., Will- 
iam W., Rosetta L., Allen W. and Ivie 
L.: William W. is dead. Mr. Engle 
served in the army as Quartermaster in 
Gen. Sully's division. He has 217 
acres of land, valued at $6,000 ; he 
erected a large barn during the past 
year. Republican ; he was brought up 
in the Quaker faith. 

Engle, Richard, laborer, Raymond. 

Englert, Herman, farmer. 

FAGAN, JOHN, far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Raymond. 

Faulk, George, shoemaker, Gilbertville. 

Fleming, Matt, wagon maker, Gilbertville. 

Follett,'0., far., S.'^ll ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Fox Jas., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

FULLER, BEN J., farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. Raymond ; born in Caledonia Co., 
Vt., Sept. 18, 1813; he moved to 
Dodge Co., Wis., in 1843; to Iowa and 
on his present farm in the Fall of 1867. 
He was married in 1836 to Miss Betsy 
Cole, from Vermont ; they had one child 
— Ebenezer ; his wife died in May, 
1844. He was married again in 1847, 
to Miss Maria Griffin, from Wisconsin ; 
she died Jan. 31, 1869. He was mar- 
ried again in September, 1869, to Miss 
Sarah E. Bunbury, from Waterloo ; she 
was born May 23, 1845 ; they had two 
children — Florence, born July 4, 1871 ; 
baby, born Feb. 2, 1878. He has 100 
acres of land, valued at $5,000. He 
has held the office of School Director 
two years. Politics, Republican. 

GAUSCHE, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 1; 
P. 0. Gilbertville. 
€}IG}ER, J. F., farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 
0. Gilbertville ; born in Perry Co., 



Ohio, in 1842; moved to Iowa, and Tama 
Co., in 1851 ; to his present location in 

1875. He was married in 1869 to Miss 
M. Winset, from Indiana ; they have had 
one child — Regina, born Aug. 28, 1872. 
Mr. G. enlisted in the 44th I. V. I., 
Co. G, in the Spring of 1864 ; mustered 
out in the Fall of 1864. He has eighty 
acres of land, valued at $2,000. Has 
held the office of Township Assessor 
the past two years. School Director two 
years. Mr. G. took a regular classic 
course at Cornell College, Linn Co., 
Iowa; graduated in 1869. 

Gilley, M., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

GILLE Y, THOMAS, farmer. Sees. 
23 and 24 ; P. O. Gilbertville ; born in 
Wyoming Co., N. Y., in 1845; moved 
with his parents to Iowa and this county 
in 1856 ; settled on his present farm in 
1873. He was married in 1873, to 
Miss Aggie Schroder from New York ; 
she died in 1876. He lives with his 
bi'other Michael, on Sec. 2 ; he has 
ninety-four acres of land, valued at 
$3,000. His family were among the 
earliest settlers of the county ; his father 
died in 1862 ; his mother still lives, and 
makes her home at Gilbertville. 

Girsh, M., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Gould, D. W., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Gould, H. D., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Gray, C, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. La Porte City. 

HALLO WELL, A. B., school teacher, 
Raymond. 

Hallowell, P., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Hallowell, W. A., laborer, Raymond. 

HANTEN, JOHN, merchant, Gil- 
bertville ; born in Luxemburg, Holland, 
in 1839 ; he came to this country and 
Will Co., 111., in 1862; to Iowa in 
1865, and to his present location in 
1872. He was married in 1865, to 
Miss Susan Demuth, from Luxemburg ; 
they have had five children — Susan, Mi- 
chael, Bernard, Helena, Nicholas. He 
has forty acres of land, 150 village lots 
in Gilbertville, and a mill privilege on 
the Cedar, adjoining the town. Mr. H. 
enlisted in 1863, in the 2d 111. Art., Co. 
K; mustered out in 1865. He com- 
menced the building of his mill and dam in 

1876, but owing to the hard times he 
did not succeed in its completion. He 
has lately taken in a partner ( Peter Be- 
runer). The company is now incorpo- 



POYNER TOWNSHIP. 



547 



rated as the Gilbertville Milling Co. 
Mr. Hanten keeps a general stock of 
merchandise. The company propose to 
establish a ferry across the Cedar at this 
point. 

Hamilton, W.,far., S. 11 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Hanton. John, merchant, Gilbertville. 

HARROD, S. R., fir., S. 3 ; p. 0. 

Raymond ; born in Ohio Dec. 2, 1846 ; 
moved with his parents to Iowa, and 
Fox Township, in 1863 ; on his present 
farm in 1878. Was married Oct. 10, 
1877, to Miss Alice Dixon, from Fox 
Township, Black Hawk Co. He has 150 
acres of land, valued at $4,000. He 
held the office of Assessor one year. In 
politics. Republican. 

Haynes, W. B., far., S. 11; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 

Healas, R. W., far., S. 25 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

Heathershaw, W., far. 

Heid, F., carp., Gilbertville. 

HIXEX, HEXRY, fir., S. 12; P. 
0. Raymond ; born in Germany in 
1835 ; came to this country and Illi- 
nois in 1857 ; to Iowa and on his pres- 
ent farm in 1867. Was married in 
1862, to Miss Annie Brock, from Indi- 
ana; have had five children — Mary S., 
Jack H., Edna, Fred, and William C. 
He has eighty acres of land, valued at 
$2,500. Mr. Hinen worked his way 
up from nothing to the owner of a good 
farm all paid for. 

Heinen, V., far.. S. 14 ; P 0. Raymond. 

HEIPIiE, N. J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo ; born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
in 1828 ; moved to Illinois in 1855 ; to 
Iowa and Waterloo in 1867; on his 
present farm in 1869. He was married 
in 1849, to Miss Elizabeth J. Lint, 
from Pennsylvania ; they have nine 
children — John W., Henry F., Everst 
W., Benj. W., William G., Davis S., 
James I., Hattie A. and Mary C. He 
has eighty acres of land, valued at 
$1,600. He has held the offices of 
School Director three years and Secre- 
tary of the School Board one year. 

HIOHI^HITH, J. M., far S 11 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Lawrence 
Co., 111., in 1837 ; moved to La Salle, 
111., in 1849 ; to Iowa, and Tipton in 
1854; to Jackson Co., in 1856 ; on his 
present farm in 1857. He was mar- 



ried in 1862, to Miss Elizabeth 
Freeborn, from N. Y. ; they have an 
adopted son — Clarence S. Mr. H. was 
engaged in driving the first hack in 
Waterloo for six months. He has 160 
acres of land, valued at $4,000. He 
was among the early settlers of the 
county; very few in this township when 
they settled here. In politics. Demo- 

Hobson, J. W., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 

HOXIE, A. K.., farmer and money 
loaner, S. 36 ; P. 0. Raymond; born in 
Delaware Co., N. Y., Nov. 30, 1814 ; 
he moved, with his parents, to Cayuga 
Co., N. Y., in 1815; to Wayne Co., 
Penn., in 1848 ; to Iowa and this coun- 
ty in 1872 ; settled on his present farm 
in 1877. He was married in 1848, to 
Miss J. E. Preston, daughter of the 
Hon. Paul S. Preston, from Wayne Co., 
Penn. ; they had three children — Alma 
A., Paul P. and Henryetta M. ; his 
wife died in April, 1853. He has sixty 
acres of land, valued at $1,800. Mr. 
Hoxie was extensively engaged in farm- 
ing, milling, Inmbering and mercantile 
business in Pennsylvania for several 
years. His son, Paul P., was married 
to Nora Washburn, from Illinois, in 
1877 ; he is a miller by trade; he lives 
with his father on the farm. 

Hoxie, C. H., renter, S. 35 ; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 

Hoxie, J. J., carp., Raymond. 

Hoxie, P. P., far., S. 36 ; P. O. Raymond. 

Hunter, C. 0., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

JENKINS, WILLIAM, farmer., Sec. 
2 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
JOHNSTON, GEORGE, farmer, 
Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Raymond ; born in Ire- 
land in 1802 ; came to this country and 
Ohio in 1818 ; moved to Iowa and this 
county in 1856. He was married in 
1830 to Miss S. Little, from Ireland; 
they had five children ; she died in the 
Spring of 1841. He was married again 
in the Fall of 1841 to Mrs. Margrette 
Simpson, from Pennsylvania ; they have 
had five children — John, Richard, 
George A., Edward S. and Caroline R. 
He owns 250 acres of land in Barclay 
Tp., valued at $6,000. He has held 
the offices of School Director five years, 
and School Treasurer four years. In 



548 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAAVK COUNTY : 



politics, Republican ; religion, Method- 
ist. His sons Richard, Greorge A. and 
James E. were in the army. Mrs. 
Johnston was thrown from a carriage in 
Feb., 1877, and dislocated her hip, by 
which she is made a cripple for life. 

KEEFE, D.,farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Raymond. 

Kelley, E., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Kelley, J., fiir., S. 2 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

KIEFFER, J. P., Justice of the 
Peace, Gilbertville ; born in Luxem- 
burg, Holland, in 1849; came to this 
country and Wisconsin in 186-1: ; to Iowa 
and Dubuque in 1866 ; to Waterloo in 
1868 ; to Gilbertville in 1871. He 
was married in 1873 to Miss Leona 
Golimaux, from Cedar Tp.; they have 
one child — Jossie, born Jan. 25, 1875. 
Mr. K. was engaged in the mercantile 
trade for a short time ; he now holds 
the offices of Justice of the Peace, No- 
tary Public and Township Clerk. 

Kirsch, M., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

LEWIS, G., farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. 
Raymond. 
LEWIS, II. D., farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 
0. Raymond ; born in Tioga Co., Penn., 
in 1827 ; he moved to Ogle Co., 111., in 
1854; to Mitchell Co., Iowa, in 1855; 
to Worth Co., in 1856 ; to Carroll, 111., 
in 1857 ; to Clinton, Iowa, in 1858 ; to 
Iowa and on his present farm in 1866. 
He was married in 1849 to Miss Mar- 
garet Wilson, froaa Pennsylvania ; they 
have had eight children, four living — 
George E., Mary J., Wilber W., Charles 
W. He has 200 acres of land, valued 
at $5,000. Mr. Lewis followed mill- 
wrighting and carpentering fourteen 
years. His son, George E., lives with 
him ; he has followed the carpenter's 
trade four years past and is also interested 
in the farm. 

MANGRIST, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 
14 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 
MeSHANE, JOHN, farmer. Sees. 
1 1 and 12; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in 
Scotland in 1825 ; came to this country 
and Illinois in 1853 ; to Iowa and this 
county in 1857. He was married in 
1853 to Miss Margrette Johnston, from 
Scotland ; they have had eight children 
-John, Henr}', James, William, Ed- 
ward, Joseph, Mary A. and Margrette. 
He has 594 acres of land, valued at 



$5,000. He has held the office of 
School Director three years. In politics. 
Democratic. 

MARBLE, JOHN N., Justice of 
the Peace, mason and shoemaker, Ray- 
mond ; born in Unadilla Co., N. Y., in 
1818 ; he moved to Illinois in 1862 ; 
returned to New York in 1872 ; to Iowa 
in 1873. He was married in 1839 to 
Miss Martia Barber, from New York ; 
they have had four children — Betsy R., 
Edmund, Lillie, Thornton ; Lillie died. 
Mr. M. has held the office of Justice of 
the Peace for the past six years. In 
politics. Republican ; religion Method- 
ist. Mr. M. has always taken a great 
interest in his county and township. 

Marble, M. A., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Marx, N.,far., S. 24; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Melich, John, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Messinger, E. J., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 

UnililiER, C. & M., merchants, Gil- 
bertville ; born in Germany. C. Miller 
was born June 12, 1836 ; came to this 
country and New York in 1856 ; to 
Iowa and his present location in 1869. 
He was married in 1866, to Miss Eliza- 
beth Welter, from Germany; they have 
had Seven children — five living — Leon- 
ard, Matthias, Mary, Maggie and Katie. 
He holds the office of Constable at this 
time. M. Miller was born in 1 829 ; 
came to this country and New York in 
1854 ; to Illinois in the Spring of 1855 ; 
to Michigan in the Fall of 1855 ; to New 
York, in 1856 ; to Illinois in 1857 ; to 
Iowa and his present location in 1869. 
He was married Jan. 17, 1855, to Miss 
Mary Gasper, from Germany ; they have 
had ten children, seven living — Maggie, 
Michael, John, Mary, Catherine M., 
Christina and William J. Mr. Miller 
has held the office of Postmaster for the 
past eight years. The brothers carry a 
general stock of merchandise, dry goods, 
groceries, crockery, boots and shoes ; 
the firm name since May 1, 1878, is C. 
& M. Miller. 

Mulqueen, M., sec. boss, I. C. R. R., Ray- 
mond. 

ATEMMERS, JOHN, REV., 
l\l Pastor of the " Immaculate Concep- 
tion " Church, Gilbertville ; born in 
Tete Des Morts, Jackson Co., Iowa, in 
1847 ; he commenced his studies for the 



POYNER TOWNSHIP. 



549 



ministry at Milwaukee in 1866; com- 
pleted his course in Dubuque in 1874 ; 
lie became Pastor of this Church in 
1875, which now has a membership of 
120 families ; they have a fine church 
building 36x66 ; he also has charge of 
the church in Barclay Tp., with a mem- 
bership of twenty-seven families, with a 
new churcli 32x48 ; they have two pri- 
vate schools connected with the church 
in Gilbertville, with a membership of 
100 pupils. 

O'NIEL, A. G., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Gil- 
bertville. 

OWEXS, DAVID, farmer, Sec. 11 ; 
P. 0. Raymond ; born in North Carolina 
in 1825 ; moved to Bedford Co., Tenn., 
in 1832 ; to Indiana in 1835 ; to Illinois 
in 1850; to Iowa, and on his present 
farm, in 1855. He was married in 1843, 
to Miss Sarah Hollar, from Indiana ; 
they had nine children ; his wife died in 
1864 ; married again, in 1866, to Miss 
Eliza Barker, from Vermont ; have had 
four children — William L., Emery E., 
Carrie E., Mary A. He has held the 
office of Assessor one year. Secretary of 
the School Board eight years, School 
Director six years. He has eighty acres 
of land, valued at $3,000, which he en- 
tered and purchased from the Govern- 
ment. 
PEEK, JOHN, far., S. 14; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

PAUIi, W. T.,far., Sec. 2; P. 0. 
Waterloo ; born in Illinois in 1829 ; 
moved with his parents to Iowa and 
Dubuque in 1830 ; settled in his pres- 
ent location in 1877 ; the farm is owned 
by C. F. Green. Was married in the 
Spring of 1852, to Miss Lorena Suther- 
land, from Davenport ; have had six 
children — Alonzo L., William A., 
Amelia J., John C. F., Emma L. and 
Henry W. He has held the office of 
School Director four years. His father, 
John Paul, was in the- Black Hawk 
war, at Galena ; he was among the first 
who were allowed to cross the river at 
Dubuque at the close of the war. He 
was engaged in mining for several years, 
when he moved into the township north 
and engaged in farming. 

Poyner, H.', far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Poyner, J., far., S 25; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Poyner, T., far.,S. 10 ; P. 0. Raymond. 



RATHS, CHARLES A., retired, Gil- 
bertville. 

Reed, I., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Reed, S. W., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Roberts, N., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

RUTTER, W. H., farmer. Sec. 23 ; 
P. 0. Raymond ; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1831 ; moved to Jo Daviess 
Co., 111., in 1855 ; to Iowa and Black 
Hawk Co. in 1867 ; on his present farm 
in the Fall of 1869. He was married 
in 1852 to Miss Catherine Grove, from 
Pennsylvania ; they have six children — 
Samuel G., Rossie J., Louisa E., Fran- 
cis P., Cora M. and Ira E. He has 100 
acres ol land, valued at $3,000. He 
has held the offices of Township Trustee 
eight years. Road Supervisor six years. 
In politics. Republican ; religion, Ger- 
man Baptist. 

SAWYER. GEORGE, farmer, Sec. 12 ; 
P. 0. La Porte. 

Scott, D. H., far., S. 11 ; P. O.Raymond. 

SHAW, C. 1j., farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Raymond ; born in Wyoming Co., N. 
Y., in 1836; moved to Illinois in 
1853 ; to Iowa and Cedar Falls in 1866 ; 
on his present farm in 1876. He was 
married in 1857 to Miss Jeannitte Cul- 
ver, from New York ; they have four 
children, three living — Elmer F.», born 
Sept. 28, 1859 ; Carrie D., born March 
31, 1862 ; Lottie, born April 26, 1869. 
He has 240 acres of land, valued at 
$7,000. He enlisted in the 105th I. V. 
I., Co. A. in 1862 ; mustered out June 20, 
1865; he was in sixteen severe engage- 
ments. He was in the Atlanta cam- 
paign with Gen. Sherman. He has held 
the offices of Township Assessor, one 
year ; Township Clerk one year. 

Shimer, I., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Sickles, D., rent., S. 1 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Smith, A., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Smiley, S., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Smiler, J., renter, S. 13 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Sprague, J. J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. La Porte 

ciV- 

SPRACtUE, THAI.1IA, fl^rmer. 
Sec. 13; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in 
Oswego Co., N. Y., June 19,1815; 
moved to Wisconsin in 1845; to Iowa 
and on his present farm in 1855. He 
was married in 1837 to Miss Hannah 



550 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



Baldwin, from New York ; born May 
2, 1817 ; they have had nine children, 
three living — Julius J., born June 20, 
1846; Milvina, born April 4, 1852; 
Lester S., born Dec. 17, 1857. He has 
200 acres of land valued at $6,000. He 
has held the office «f School Director 
five years. Mr. Sprague is among the 
pioneers of the county. Cedar Falls was 
the nearest market ; Independence the 
nearest mill. Mr. S. followed the lakes 
for fourteen years ; Oswego to Cleveland 
his principal route. 

THELGERN, FRANK, farmer, Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
URAN, H., former. Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Grilbertville. 
YAN VLACK, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 
36 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

VAIL., D., farmer, Sec. 30; P. 0. 
Waterloo; born in Coshocton Co., Ohio, 
in 1810; he moved to New Jersey in 
Fall of 1828 ; returned to Ohio in 1832; 
to New Jersey in 1845 ; to Iowa, and 
on his present farm in 1866. Married 
in 1835 to Miss Phebe Quimby, from 
New Jersey ; they have had eleven chil- 
dren, seven living — Sarah J., Emma E., 
Theodore M., Isaac Q., Wilham A., 
Mary I. and Louise D. H. He has 320 
acres of land, valued at $10,000. His 
son, Theodore M., holds the position of 
General Superintendent of the Railway 
Mail Service, which position he has held 
for the past five years. Isaac Q., holds 
position of Postal Clerk from Ogden to 
Green River, Utah. William A., holds 
position of Postal Clerk from Dubuque 
to Chicago. Mrs. Vail's mother lives 
with her ; she is 84 years old ; she has 
twelve great crandchildren. 

Veach, John, far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 

Vroom, J., far , S. 12 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

WAGNER, MICHAEL, far., Sec. 
23 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

WALLACE, GEORGE T., faim- 

er. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Essex Co.,N. Y., in 1849 ; came to Iowa 
and on the estate in 1868. He was 
married in 1873 to Miss Sarah Schenk, 
from New York ; they have two chil- 
dren — Eliza and Burt. His father, 
John Wallace, died in 1873 ; his mother 
still lives ; her home is in Montieello. 
George has carried on the estate for the 



past ten years. He has held the office 
of Road Supervisor one year. 

Walsh, E. H, merchant, Raymond. 

WALSH, JOHN, merchant and 
shoemaker, Raymond ; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1831 ; moved to Ohio in 1843 ; 
to Missouri in 1861 ; to Iowa and his 
present position in 1871. He was mar- 
ried in 1851 to Miss Martha A. Ellis, 
from Ohio ; they have seven children — 
Alva A., Elva E., Laura M., Charles 
C, Eddie E., Frances Ida and George 
P. He has held the offices of Township 
Trustee four years, School Director 
three years. Mr. Walsh is in partnership 
with his son, Elva E., in the drug, 
grocery and notion business ; he also 
carries on shoemaking and the sale of 
agricultural implements. Elva E. is 
Postmaster for Raymond. 

WATERFLELD, WM., far., Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Raymond ; born in New 
Jersey May 4, 1 828 ; moved to Iowa in 
the Spring of 1856, and on his present 
farm the same year. He was married 
in 1850 to Miss Mercy Van Syckle, 
from New Jersey ; they have had two 
children, both dead ; his wife died in 
1859. He was married again in Sep- 
tember, 1860, to Miss Nancy Hughs, 
from North Carolina ; they have had two 
children— Geo. C., born July 12, 1862 ; 
Mary E., born April 26, 1865 ; he has 
eighty-three acres of land, valued at 
$4,000. He has held the offices of 
Justice of the Peace two years. Town- 
ship Trustee, three years, and Assessor, 
one year. In politics, Republican. Mr. 
W. often fills appointments as preacher 
for the M. E. Church ; he also gives 
lectures on phrenology. 

White, J. F., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

White, S. D., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Wheeler, Wm., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Wilds, B. B., carpenter, Raymond. 

Williams, A. H., laborer, Raymond. 

Winset, B., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Winset, B. C, far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Winset, J. K., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

WINSET, THOS., farmer. Sec. 26 ; 
P. 0. Gilbertville ; born in Poyner 
Tp., Black Hawk Co., in 1854 ; settled 
on his present farm in 1876. Married 



POYNER TOWNSHIP. 



551 



May 28, 1876, to Miss Ella Herrod, 
from Fox Tp., Black Hawk Co. ; have 
had one child — Claud L., born March 
28, 1877. Mr. W. has held office of 
Road Supervisor one year. Has eighty 
acres of land, valued at S2,400. His 
father, Benj. Winset, was one of the 



pioneers of the county and assisted in its 
organization. 

'IMMER, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 
Zimmer, M., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 



z 




_ 



552 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



ALGIER, JOHN, far., S. 2; P. 0. 
Janesville. 
Anderson, J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Andrews, S., far.,S. 36 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Andrews, Wm., far., S. 86 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Augustson, H.. far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

BAKER, JAMES, far., Sec. 13; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 
Baker, R., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Bennett, J., for., S. 13 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Boomer, D. G., far. S. 12; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Boomer, M., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

CAMP, A., fur., S. 25; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Carroll, F., far., S. 26; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

CRAIIi, A. M., farmer. Sec. 12; P. 
O. Janesville; born May 29, 1830, in 
Beaver Co., Penn. ; March 15, 1854, 
came to Janesville, Bremer Co., Iowa; 
in 1857. came to his present farm. 
Owns 160 acres, valued at $35 per acre. 
Married Caroline Mowry Nov. 24, 
1853; she was born July 3, 1835, 
in Beaver Co., Penn. ; had seven chil- 
dren, six living — Arlo, Miranda, Martha, 
Mary, Flora and Wesley. Enlisted 
Aug. 15, 1862, in Co. B, 38th I. 
y. I., and served to the close of 
the war. Is Township Assessor ; has 
held this position the past five years. 
Are members of the M. E. Church. 

Crail, J. A., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

COCHONOITR, GEORGE W., 

farmer, S. 26 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born 
April 20, 1844, in Seneca Co., Ohio ; in 
1856, came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa; 
in 1872, removed to his present farm. 
Owns forty-five acres, valued at $60 per 
acre. Married Lydia Ford Feb. 7, 
1867 ; she was born April 16, 1846, in 
Wyandot Co., Ohio; have one child — 
Nettie L., born June 11, 1868. Are 
members of the United Brethren Church. 

Cochonour, J., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Cole, B., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

Cole, C, far., S. 3; P. 0. Janesville. 

Cook, v., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Corwin, H. E., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Janes- 
ville. 



DAVIS, CHAS. F., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 
Davis, J. W., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Dean, H.,far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Dwight, R., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

IpAIRBROTHER, A., far., S. 2 ; P. 
' 0. Janesville. 

Fairbrother, C. M., S. 2 ; P. 0. Janes- 
ville. 

Fairbrother, M., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Janes- 
ville. 

EISH, E. W.. farmer, blacksmith and 
wagon maker, S. 2 ; P. 0. Janesville ; 
born May 31, 1825, in Otsego Co., N. 
Y. ; in 1853, came to Bremer County, 
Penn. ; in 1867, removed to Black 
Hawk Co. ; owns sixty-five acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acres. Married 
Lorilla Tabor in 1852 ; she was born 
May 19, 1827, in Erie Co., Penn. ; 
have five children — Harvey E., Horace 
G., Alice C, Annette L. and Bertha A.; 
have one child by a former marriage — 
Elizabeth M. Has been Township 
Clerk of Bremer Co., Treasurer of the 
School Board, Township Trustee and 
School Director. 

Fish, H. G., far., S. 2 ; P. Janesville. 

Flickinger, J., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Ford, C, far., S. 36; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

Ford, D., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Ford, F., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Ford, H. D., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Ford, J., far.. S. 23 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Ford, N., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Ford, R., far., S. 26 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

Ford, R. R., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

G^ ODFREY, J. A., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. 
X Janesville. 

HELPER, J., far., S. 26; P. O. 
Cedar Falls. 
Heifer, Jesse, far., S. 35; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
HELM, AI.ONZO, farmer, S. 10 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born July 5, 1835, in 
St. Joseph Co., Mich. ; in 1836, came to 
Stephenson Co., 111. ; in 1843, came to 
Benton Co., Iowa ; in 1854, removed 
to Tama Co. Iowa; in 1862, returned to 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



553 



Benton Co., Iowa, and in 1864, came to 
Black Hawk Co. Owns 155 acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre. Married 
Emily Rextrew Sept. 7, 1857 ; she was 
born Sept. o, 1837, in Greene Co., 
Ohio ; have nine children — Mary Ann, 
Wm. L., Sarah R., Lucretia J., Lillie 
E., Nettie C, Charles F., Alonzo R. 
and Frank U. Enlisted in 1861 in 
Company B, 28th Iowa V. I., and 
served about six months ; was discharged 
on account of sickness. 

Helm, R., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Helm, v., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Helm, W., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Hicock, J. D., far., S. 2 ; P.O. Janesville. 

Hicock, S. W.,far., Sec. 13; P.O. Cedar 
Falls. 

Houghtaling, W., far., S. 34; P. O. Cedar 
Falls. 

Howe, W., Sr., far.. Sec. 24; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

Howe, W., Jr., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

Huckins, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

JEFFERS. J. H., farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 

Johnson, D,, far., S. 13 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

Jones, H., far., S. 15 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

Jones, W. E., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

JORDAN, D. W., far., S. 23; P. 
<). Cedar Falls; born Sept. 6, 1815, in 
Steuben Co., N. Y.; May 14, 1845, left 
for Ohio ; in 1853, came to his present 
farm ; owns 335 acres of land, valued 
at $35 per acre. Married Harriet 
Swarthout in 1838 ; she was born June 
19, 1820, in Steuben Co., N. Y. ; had 
seven children, four living — Henry, 
Michael, Harrison and Mary. Henry 
enlisted in 1861, in the 10th Kan. V. 
I., Co. K ; served about three years 
and was honorably discharged ; Michael 
enlisted in 1861, in Co. G, 9th [. V. I.; 
served to the close of the war. Mr. J. 
was the first Assessor of this township ; 
the election was held at his house ; was 
for four years Township Superintendent. 

Jordan, H., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Jordan, M. L.,far., S.22 ; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

KEYSER, JNO., far., S. 14 ; P. O. 
Cedar Falls. 
Keyser, T. H., far.. S. 15; P. O. Cedar 

Falls. 
Knapp, A., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Knapp, A. M., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 



Knapp, M., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

LARKIN, JOHN, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 
Larkin, W. D., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

McMURRAY, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 
1 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

McMurray, S., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

McMurray, M., far.; S. 2 ; P. 0. Janes- 
ville. 

Miller, J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Miller, J., far., S. 10; P. O.Cedar Falls. 

Miller, Jas., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Miller, Wm., far.,S. 10 ; P. 0. CedarFalls. 

MORGAN, NOAH, farmer. Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls; born Nov. 21. 
1831, in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1854, 
came to his present farm ; owns 230 
acres, valued at $35 per acre. Married 
Ellen N. Bell in 1859; she was born 
Jan. 10, 1837, in New Jersey ; had six 
children, four living — Jesse S., William 
H., Ida May and D. Clinton. He has 
been Township Clerk and Trustee. Are 
members of the United Brethren Church. 

Mowry, T., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

Mulinix, E., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. CedarFalls. 

Mulinix, Eli, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Murphy, F., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Murphy, S., far., S. 1 ; P. O. Janesville. 

Murphy, O. C, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

"VJEGLY, J., farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

JJN Cedar Falls. 

XEWELL, NANCY A., MRIS., 
daughter of Daniel Howard, and widow 
of James Newell, Sec. 10 ; P.O. Janes- 
ville. He was born Aug. 11, 1809, in 
Jeromeville, Ohio ; in 1832, came to 
Louisa Co., Iowa ; in 1845, came to 
Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and located his 
present farm ; afterward bought from 
the Government, consisting of 514 acres. 
He built the first house in this town- 
ship ; he died May 30, 1875. Mrs. N. 
was born June 11, 1824, in Decatur Co., 
Ind. They were married Nov. 7, 1847 ; 
had seven children, five living — Will- 
iam, Daniel, Millie, Douglas and Joshua 
A. He had five childien by his first 
marriage — Thomas J., Harrison, George, 
Jackson and James. He had three 
children by his second marriage — Mar- 
ion, C. P. and Elizabeth. Her father, 
Daniel Howard, was born July 13, 1798, 
in Vermont, and at present is living 
with his daughter here. 



554 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Newell, W., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Norris, A., far., S. 34; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

PEARL, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 
Pierce, G., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Pierce, H.W.,far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Prasser, J. A., far.,S. 1 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

REYNOLDS, E., far., S. 23; P.O.Ce- 
dar Falls. 

RHODEI^, W. H., farmer, S. 36 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born Aug. 5, 1846, 
in Summit Co., Ohio ; in 1864, came to 
Plainfield, 111 ; in 1867, returned to 
Ohio; in 1868, moved to Joliet, III, in 
1869, returned to Ohio ; in 1870, came to 
Cedar Falls, Iowa; in 1875, came to his 
present farm ; owns 129 acres of land, val- 
ued at $25 per acre. Married Katie Mc- 
Cullochin1873; she was born in 1851 in 
Springfield, Mass.; have two children- 
Jessie and Joe. 

RINKER, C. P., farmer. Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Janesville ; born Jan. 22, 1826, in 
Louisville, Ky.; in 1829, came to Sulli- 
van Co., Ind. ; in 1834, came to Put- 
nam Co., 111.; in 1839, removed to Ogle 
Co., 111.; in 1866, came to Black Hawk 
Co., Iowa; owns 102 acres of land, val- 
ued at 830 per acre. Married Louisa 
L. Turk in 1848 ; she was born in July, 
1826, in Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; have two 
children — Mary A. and Lorenda. Are 
members of the M. E. Church. 

Riker, C, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Riker, E., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Roop, H. C, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

SHAFFER, AARON, far., S. 22; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 
Shaffer, H. C, far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Stine, J. M., far., S. 13; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Streeter, N., far., S. 23 ; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

TAYLOR, M. A., former, S. 3 ; P. 0. 
Janesville. 
TAYLOR, J. A., farmer, S. 3 ; P. 
0. Janesville ; born Feb. 24, 1839, in 
Miami Co., Ind. ; in 1854, came to his 
present farm ; there was but one house 
here at that time west of the Des Moines 
River ; he owns ninety-seven acres land, 
valued at $3,500. Married Margaret A. 
Woodruff in May, 1867 ; she was born in 
1848, in Ohio; have five children — 
Adelbert A., John A., Charles W., 
James A. and Lee. Enlisted in 1864 in 



Co. E, 7th I. V. C; served to the end 
of the war. Mrs. T. is a member of the 
M. E. Church. 

TENNYSON, JOHN, farmer, S. 
24; P. 0. Cedar Falls; born June 21, 
1826, in Yorkshire, England ; May 19, 
1844, left for St. Joseph Co., Mich. ; in 
1854, came to Washington Tp.; Aug. 
16, 1864, removed to his present farm ; 
owns 94 acres of land, valued at S35 
per acre. Married Matilda Kelly in 
March, 1854; she was born Sept. 14, 
1835, in Branch Co., Mich. Has been 
Justice of the Peace ; he is Secretary of 
the School Board ; has held the position 
for the past eleven years ; has also been 
Township Clerk and Constable. 

THOMAS, v., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls; born Aug. 1, 1812, in 
Steuben Co., N. Y.; in 1829, came to 
Illinois ; in 1851, came to Black Hawk 
Co., Iowa ; owns 150 acres of land, val- 
ued at $25 per acre. Married Almeda 
Helm Dec. 8, 1838 ; she was born July 
10, 1818, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; had 
five children, three living — Olive (now 
Mrs. Baker), Orilla (now Mrs. Shields) 
and Malinda (now Mrs. Jones). He 
was one of the first Township Trustees, 
having held this position about fifteen 
years ; also School Director about three 
years. 

Thompson, L., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

True, S. W.,far.. S. 2: P. 0. Janesville. 

Tuthill, G., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

ULRICH, J. B., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. 
Janesville. 
Ulrich, W., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Janesville. 

WATROUS, HENRY, farmer, Sec. 
23 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Weaver, B. J., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Weaver, M. A., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Weatherby, Chas., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Weatherby, O., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Webster, G., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Wilkins, J. N., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
WILKIN, JOHN W., farmer. Sec. 

35 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born March 14, 

1822, in Orange Co., N. Y. ; in 1850, 

came to Wisconsin, then to Michigan ; 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



555 



in 1866, came to his present farm ; owns 
200 acres, valued at $40 per acre. Mar- 
ried Mary J. Randalph in 1849 ; she 
was born in 1830, in Orange Co., N. Y., 
had three children, two living — Joseph 
N. and George; lost Reuben in 1876, 
aged 21 years. 

Wilson J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Wilson. J. A., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 



Wilson, M., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Janesville. 
Wilson, T., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Wing, L. A., far., S. 24 ; P 0. Cedar Falls. 
Wise, C, far.,S. 14; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Wise, J., far., S. 14; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Wise, W. B., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Wyatt, R., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

ZIMMERMAN, AUG., far., S. 3 ; P. 
O. Janesville. 




556 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



ALEXANDER, L., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
Auner, 0. J., far., S. 15 ; P. O. Hudson. 

BARRETT, J. E., fiir., S. 20 ; P. 0. 
Reinbeck. 
Beaubien, F., far., 8. 2G ; P. 0. Traer. 
BECKER, CHARLES D., far , 

S. 19 ; P. O. Reinbeck ; born in Jeffer- 
son Co., N. Y., July 12, 1841 ; he em-, 
grated to Stephenson Co., 111., in 1866 ; 
to Iowa and Orange Township in 1865 ; 
to his present farm iff 1870. He was 
married in 1868 to Miss Amanda Sar- 
vay, from Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; they 
have two children — Mary, born Dec. 
12, 1870 ; Louis, born Sept. 6, 1873. 
He has 120 2 acres of land, valued at 
§30 per acre. Mr. B. enlisted in our 
late war, in Co. D, 10th N. Y. Heavy 
Artillery, in 1862, and was connected 
with the Army of the Potomac ; mus- 
tered out in 1865. He has held the 
offices of Township Assessor three years, 
Township Clerk two years. School Di- 
rector two years, Clerk School Board 
three years. Road Supervisor three 
years. In politics he is a Republican. 
They are members of the M. E. Church. 
His farm was in a raw state when he 
purchased ; he broke it up and has 
made all his improvements. Mr. Becker 
has always taken a deep interest in the 
affairs of his county and township. 

Beckwith, H., far., S. 2-1 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Bedford, D., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

Beistline, D., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

Beistlein, A., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

Ely, J. H., far., S. 12; P. O. Waterloo. 

Brayton, W., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BROWIJ, LEVI, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. 
Hudson ; born in Schuylkill Co., Penn., 
March 8, 1823 ; he emigrated to La 
Salle Co., 111., in 185-4 ; to Iowa and 
Hudson in 1866, Black Hawk Town- 
ship ; he located on his present farm in 
1869. He was married in 1844, to 
Miss Catherine Pofenberger, from Berks 
Co., Penn. ; they have seven children — 
Mrs. Caroline Reed, of Oregon ; Mrs, 
Mary Dewey, of La Salle Co., 111.; Wil- 
labaugh J., Mrs. Sarah Hay, who lives 
at home ; Fremont, Lincoln and Daniel 
J. He hay. 335 acres of land valued at 



$9,500. Mr. Brown enlisted as a sol- 
dier in the late war in the 104th 111. \'^. 
I., Co. C, in 1862 ; he was mustered 
out in 1863, on account of sickness. 
He is Republican in politics. Has held 
the offices of Township Trustee three 
years and School Director two years. 
Mr. B.'s farm was raw prairie when he 
settled on it ; he has reduced it to a fine 
state of cultivation, with many fine im- 
provements ; he has 140 rods of osage 
and one mile of willow hedge. He is a 
blacksmith by trade, which he learned 
in Berks Co., Penn. ; he followed it 
three years at Hudson, and eleven years 
in Illinois. They are members of the 
M. E. Church. 

Brown, W., S. 3 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Brunner. Jos., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

C CAMPBELL, WM., farmer. Sec. 34 ; 
J P. 0. Traer. 
Cavanaugh, C, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Traer. 
Cavanaugh, C, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Traer. 
Chenrey, J., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Coddington, C, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Coddington, 0. S., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Wa- 
terloo. 
Codling, E., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 
Colburn, A. P., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 
Cranny, T., for.. S. 27 ; P. 0. Traer. 
Creswell, J. R., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Hudson. 
Corey, C, far., S. 16; P. 0. Hudson. 

DELM ATER, C. A., farmer. Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 
Delamater, S., far., S. 27; P. 0. Waterloo. 

EASTMAN, G. W., farmer, Sec. 22; 
P. 0. Reinbeck. 
Emmett, J., far., S. 36; P. 0. Traer. 

FULLER, E. B., farmer. Sec. 23; P. 
0. Waterloo. 
FAULKXER, JAMES, farmer, 
Sec. 10; P. 0. Hudson; born in York 
Co., Penn., Jan. 4, 1839 ; he emigrated 
to New York in 1862 ; to Iowa and to 
Black Hawk Township in 1867 ; he 
settled on his present farm in 1869. He 
was married Oct. 4, 1870, to Miss Mar- 
ion Halley, from Illinois ; she was born 
Aug. 11, 1844; they have five children 
—Charles E., born April 15, 1872; 
David H., born Jan. 24, 1874 ; John 
H., born Feb. 18, 1876 ; Walter S. and 
William W. are twins, born March 2, 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



557 



1878. He has 280 acres of land, val- 
ued at $7,000. He has held the office 
of Road Supervisor one year. In pol- 
itics, he is a Republican. Mr. Faulk- 
ner has a very fine farm, and is making 
some very fine improvements. 

r^ ILMORE, ROBERT, farmer, Sec. 

yjT 15; P. 0. Hudson. 

GIBNOX, SAMUEL, farmer. Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Hudson ; born in Ireland in 
1834; he emigrated to this country and 
Wyoming Co., N. Y.,in 1850 ; to Iowa 
and on his present farm in the Fall of 
1853. He was married in 1860 to 
Miss Mary Wheylen, from New York ; 
they have seven children — Margaret, 
Mary E., Jennie, Lillie, William S., 
Dora and Charles. He has 547 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre. He 
has held the offices of Justice of the 
Peace two years, Township Trustee four 
years. Township Treasurer one year, 
School Director six years, Road Super- 
visor ten years. Mr. Gibson made a 
trip to Kansas and Pike's Peak in 1858 
and 1859. He was the first and only 
settler in Lincoln Tp. for twenty-seven 
years. He deals quite extensively in 
cattle, horses and hogs ; he has 230 
head of hogs at this time. In politics, 
Republican. 

Gleason, Martin, far., 28 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

Gleason, M., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

Gleason, P ,far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

Greeley, W. E., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Gregg, W. H., S. 34 ; P. 0. Traer. 

GRIFFITH, M. C, farmer, Sec. 4 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Montgomery 
Co., Nov. 28, 1843 ; he moved with 
his parents to Ohio in 1855 ; to Rock Co. 
Wis., in 1857 ; to Iowa and on his pre- 
sent farm in 1871. He was married in 
1869 to Miss Isabel Chambers, from 
Lancaster City, Penn. ; she was born 
Aug. 8, 1 843 ; they have three children 
—John H., born March 9, 1872: 
Charles C, born June 3, 1874 ; Will- 
iam H., born April 27, 1876. He has 
eighty acres of land, valued at $2,000. 
In politics he is Republican. He has 
held the office of Road Supervisor 
one year. They are members of the 
Congregational Church. He is adding 
many fine improvements to his farm. 

HAYE, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 
0. Traer. 



HAIiLiEY, J. S., farmer. Sec. 14; 
P. O. Waterloo ; born in Scotland March 
16. 1837 ; he emigrated with his parents 
to this country and Vermont in 1841. 
He enlisted in 1861 in Co. H, 4th Vt. 
V. I. ; he was detailed to do hospital 
service the most of the time ; mustered 
out in 1864 ; returning, he went to 
Massachusetts, where he remained until 
the Spring of 1866, when he went to 
Illinois ; to Iowa, and on his present 
farm, in the Spring of 1868. He was 
married in 1861, to Miss Evelina Rich- 
ai-dson, from Maine; they had six chil- 
dren, four living. His wife died in 1873. 
He was married again in Dec, 1875, to 
Miss Delia Turner, from Oswego Co., 
N. Y. ; she was born Aug. 3, 1840 ; 
they have two children — Fred T., born 
May 3, 1876; Nelson, born March 2, 
1878. Mr. H. has 240 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. He has held 
the offices of School Director three years ; 
Assessor two years ; Road Supervisor 
one year. He is a Republican in 
politics. They are members of the M. 
E. Church. 

Hicks, W., Sr., far.,S. 8 ; P.O. Reinbeck. 

Hoag, H., far.,S. 28; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Holmes, J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Humphreys, G. W., far.. Sec. 17; P. O. 
Waterloo. 

Hunter, J. A., far., S. 3 ; P. O. Hudson. 

XRONS, JOHN, renter. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 

JL Reinbeck. 

JACOBSON, JACOB, renter. See. 19; 
P. 0. Reinbeck. 
Jamison, G. C, far., S. 25 ; P.O. Waterloo. 

KELLY, PATRICK, farmer, Sec. 26 ; 
P. 0. Reinbeck. 
KEL.L.Y, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Traer ; born in Lawrence 
Co., Penn., July 11, 1828 ; he emigra- 
ted to Iowa and Cedar Rapids in 1856 ; 
he was engaged as a sawyer in a mill at 
that place three years ; he moved to 
Johnson Co. in 1859. He enlisted in 
the army from that county, in Co. A, 
14th I. V. I. in 1861 ; in 1863, he was 
transferred to the 7th Iowa Calvary ; he 
was mustered out in 1866 ; he was five 
years lacking two months, a soldier. He 
moved to Black Hawk Co. and on his 
present farm, Sept., 1867. He was mar- 
ried in 1868 to Miss Amanda Johnson, 
from Illinois ; they have two children — 



558 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



William F., born Aug. 21, 1872; Arthur 
E., born Feb. 10, 1878. He has IGO 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Has held the offices of Township Trustee 
three years. School Director seven 
years. In politics he is Republican. 
His farm was wild prairie when he pur- 
chased ; he broke it and made some fine 
improvements. 
Klinefelter, J. W., far.. S. 5 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

LAWLER, JOHN, far., S. 20; P.O. 
Reinbeck. 
Lawler, P., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 
Lynch, M., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Traer. 

MCCRACKEN. R., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. 
Reinbeck. 

McMahon, J., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Traer. 

McManus, T. P., far., S. 1 7; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

McNally, P., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

McNally, R., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Mahoney, P., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Millner, G., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Molyneaux, W. F., far., S. 7; P.O. Reinbeck 

Molyneaux, W. S., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Rein- 
beck. 

Moyer, A., for., S. 27 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

MUEL.I.ER, JACOB, farmer, Sec. 
13 ; P. 0. Hudson ; born in Switzerland 
Jan. 28, 1827 ; he emigrated to this 
country, and to Madison Co., 111., in 
1850 ; to Iowa and Dubuque in 1852 ; 
to Lincoln Tp., Sec. 15, in 1874 ; located 
on his own farm in 1876. He was mar- 
ried in 1847 to Miss Mary A. Schwein- 
gruber, from Switzerland ; they had one 
child — John J. ; his wife died in 1 852 ; 
he was married again in 1855, to Miss 
Elizabeth Fern, from Dubuque ; she is 
said to be the first white child born in 
the State ; the date of her birth was 
March 19, 1836 ; they have had nine 
children, seven living — Mary A., Will- 
iam N., John R., Alfred C, Henry, 
Herman and Franklin. He has 360 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
He has held the offices of School Director 
one year, and Road Supervisor one year. 
He is a miller by trade. In politics, he 
is a Democrat. 

Mueller, J. J., Sec. 13; P. 0. Hudson. 

NOLL, JACOB, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Traer. 
Noll. W. T., far., S. 33; P. 0. Traer. 
]^ORTHWAY, CHARI.es H., 
farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born 
in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1840; 
he emigrated to Whiteside Co., 111., in 



1862 ; to Iowa and on his present farm 
in 1868. He was married in 1867 to 
Miss Jennie Mosher, from New York ; 
she died June 3, 1867 ; he was married 
asain in March, 1871, to Miss Liddia 
M. D'Lamather, from New York ; they 
have had three children, two living — 
Homer C, born May 18, 1874; Edith 
W., born April 3, 1876. He has 160 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
He has held the offices of Township 
Clerk for five years, Township Trustee 
one year. In politics he is Republican ; 
they are members of the M. E. Church ; 
Mr. N. takes an active part in the Sab- 
bath school work. Mr. North way was 
engaged in the mercantile trade for four 
years in Syracuse, N. Y., before he emi- 
grated to the West. 

Northway, M. L., far. S. 22 ; P. 0. Traer. 

Northway, R. H., for. S. 22 ; P. 0. Traer. 

RASMUSON, E., farmer, S. 31 ; P. 
0. Traer. 
Roberts, S. B., far. S. 3 ; P. 0. Hudson. 
Ross, P. B., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Rousselow, A., far., S. 23 ; P.O.Waterloo. 

SALISBURY, G. W., far., S. 19 ; P. 
0. Reinbeck. 

SARVAY, L.OTUS, farmer, Sec. 
26 ; P. 0. Traer ; born in Jefferson Co., 
N. Y., July 22, 1846; emigrated to 
Iowa and on to his present farm in 
1868. He was married same year to 
Miss Sarah Colburn, from Jefierson Co., 
N. Y.; she was born Aug. 22, 1847 ; 
they have two children — Leonard, born 
Jan. 6, 1874 ; Elizabeth C, Sept. 7, 
1877. He has 160 acres of land, valued 
at 830 per acre. He has held the offices 
of Road Supervisor two years. He 
is quite extensively engaged in stock 
raising ; makes hogs a specialty, of which 
he keeps a fine herd. He has made 
some tine improvements on his farm. 
In politics he is Republican ; they are 
members of the M. E. Church. 

Severance, E., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Reinbeck. 

Sherratt. William, far., S. 7; P.O. Hudson. 

Smith, Simeon L.. far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

STEVENS, W. H., farmer. Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. Reinbeck, Grundy Co. ; 
he was born in Jefi"erson Co., 
•Wis., March 17, 1844; he moved 
to Iowa and on to his present farm in 
1866. He was married in 1863 to Miss 
Charlotte Barrett, of St. Lawrence Co., 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



559 



N. Y.; they had two chikh-en — SOas E. 
and Lena ; Lena died. His wife died 
June 8, 187-1. He was married again 
April 5, 1875, to Miss Olive Hoag, from 
Illinois ; they have one child — Alma, 
born June 17, 1876. He has 120 acres 
of land, valued at $35 per acre. He en- 
listed in the 1st Wis. Heavy Artillery, 
Co E, in 1864; he was mustered out 
in July. 1865. He has held the office 
of School Director three years ; Road 
Superintendent one year. In politics he 
is Republican. Mr. S. is among the 
earliest settlers in the township. His 
farm was in a wild state when he came ; 
he has reduced it to a fine state of culti- 
vation, and made some fine improvements. 

Stearns, Wm., far., S. 21 ; P. O.Waterloo. 

Switzer, W. N.,far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

TAYLOR, H. E., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. Waterloo. 

Thurber, J., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Thompson, R. 0., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Traer. 

Thornton, T., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Traer. 

Thornton, W., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Traer. 

THOMPSON, W. p., far., S. 1 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in McMinn Co., 
Tenn., Feb. 1, 1837 ; he emigrated to 
McDonough Co., 111., in 1854 ; to Han- 
cock Co. in 1858; to Iowa and on his 
present farm in 1866. He was married 
in 1858 to Miss EHza A. Pennington, 
from Illinois ; they have seven children 
—George A., Ida J., William T., 
Mary A., Abbie I., Charles M. and 
James R. He has 240 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. He has held 
the offices of Township Trustee one year. 
Township Treasurer seven years, Town- 
ship x\ssessor two years. School Director 
nine years, School Treasurer seven 
years. Mr. Thompson raises and fat- 
tens hogs quite extensively ; he has 
made some fine improvements on his 
farm. They are members of the Bap- 
tist Church ; Mr. T. organized and has 
carried on a Sabbath school in the 
school house near him for the past len 
years ; he has also filled the position of 
Clerk of the church the past eight 
years ; his school numbers forty-five 
pupils. 

Trainer, Henry, farmer. 

Trainor, James, farmer. 

Trainor, M., far.. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Traer. 

Trainor, 0., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Traer. 



Trainor, Thomas, farmer. 

Traites, W., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

VAUGHN, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 12; 
P. O. Waterloo. 
VITTUM, ALBERT, farmer, Sec. 
30 ; P. O. Reinbeck ; born in New 
Hampshire, Sept. 23, 1831 ; he moved 
to ]\Iassachusetts ; then to Iowa in 
March, 1856 ; he returned to Boston in 
December, 1859, remaining there four 
years in the employ of the Express Co.; 
he returned to Iowa and settled on his 
present farm in 1863. He was married 
in 1864 to Mi^s Mary E. Sherrett, from 
New York ; the courts granted him a 
divorce from her, and he married again 
in March, 1870, to Miss Martha A. 
Baker, from Canada ; he had two chil- 
dren by his first wife — Edgar and 
Frank ; he has four children by his 
present wife — Arthur, Ernest, Henri- 
etta and Allena. He has 500 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. He has 
held the offices of Township Super- 
visor four years. Township Assesssor 
four years. Justice of the Peace past 
two years. School Director two years ; 
he is now President of the School 
Board. Republican. Mr. Vittum has 
always been alive to the interests of his 
county and township. 

WALKER, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 34; 
P. 0. Traer. 

Warner, J., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Wilhelm, A. L., tar., S. 33 ; P. 0. Traer. 

Warner, S., tar., S. 2 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

Wilhelm, H., far., S. 33; P. 0. Traer. 

WILSOX, SAiUUEL, tarmer. Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Herkimer 
Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 1832; he emi- 
grated to Whiteside Co., Ill, in 1865 ; 
to Iowa, and Lincoln Township, in 1874 ; 
settled on his present fiirm in 1875. 
He was married in 1857 to Miss Marion 
Sutton, from Oswego Co., N. Y.; she 
was born April 7, 1835; they have three 
children — Ella J., born March 17, 
1858; Berton E., born Oct. 13, 1865; 
Amos A., born May 15, 1871. He has 
123 acres of land, valued at $3,000. 
Republican ; they are members of the 
Congregational Church. Mr. Wilson 
was a soldier in our late war ; he en- 
listed in 1861, in the 81st N. Y. V. I., 
Co. F ; mustered out on account of 
sickness in 1S65. 

7 



560 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY ; 



BLACK HAWK TOWNSHIP. 



ANDORF. HENRY, farmer, Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Andorf, W., farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 

ASC^riTH, CHARI.es, farmer. 
Sec. 1(3; P. O. Cedar Falls; born in 
Yorkshire, England, May 16, 1823; he 
emigrated to this country, and Johnstown, 
Penn., in 1853; to Ohio in 1859; he 
returned to Pennsylvania in 1861. He 
enlisted in the Spring of 1863 in the 
78th Penn. V. I., Co. C ; mustered out 
in 1865 ; he was in four severe engage- 
ments. He was married in 1847 to 
/Miss Mary Stead, from Yorkshire, En- 
gland; they had three children, one 
living — Mrs. Mary A. Shaw, of Water- 
loo. His wife died in 185J. He was 
married in 1852 to Miss Mary Sutcliff, 
from England ; they have one child — 
Robert C. He has 120 acres of land, 
valued at S30 per acre. Mr. A. has 
held the offices of Township Trustee two 
years. Road Supervisor four years and 
School Director five years. He was or- 
dained as preacher for the German 
Baptist Church in 1876 ; he has preached 
for the church located on Sec. 22 for the 
past two years ; they have a member- 
ship of eighty. 

ASQriTH, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 
16; P.O. Cedar Falls; born in York- 
shire, England, June 19, 1835; emi- 
grated to this country and Johnstown, 
Penn., in 1857 ; to Braceville, 111., in 
1862. He was married in 1859 to 
Miss Rebecca Sutcliff, from Johnstown, 
Penn.; they have had ten children, five 
living — Miriam A., Stead A., Frank R., 
Anna J. and Jessie M. Mr. A. enlisted 
in the U. S. Navy Nov., 1864, in the 
Mississippi Squadron ; mustered out 
.Aug. 9,1865. Came to Iowa, and on 
his present farm, in the Fall of 1865. 
He has held the offices of Township 
Trustee four years. Road Supervisor 
three years and Secretary of the School 
Board one year. They are members of 
the German Baptist Church. Mr. A. 
was engaged as Overseer of worsted 
spinning in England for thirteen years ; 
he was also engaged as miner in Penn- 
sylvania five years. 



BALDWIN, ANDREW, farmer. Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Baldwin, A. T. far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Baldwin, W.,far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Bailey, P., far., S. 29 ; P. O. Hudson. 

Batteri'eldt, J., S. 15 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Baxter, D., merchant, Hudson. 

Beal, J. L.,far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Bluhm, H. A., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Bluhm, W. J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Boldt, A. T., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Bonn, J., far., S. 10 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

Bonn, J. A., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Bonn. Jos., far., S. 4; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

BRANDHORST, C. F., farmer, 
S. 34 ; P. 0. Hudson ; born in Prussia 
in 1840. He emigrated to this country 
and Dane Co., Wis., at the age of 15,. 
alone, in 1855 ; to Iowa and on his 
present f;irm in 1864. He was married 
in the Fall of 1864 to Mrs. Margarette 
Klinefelter, from Maine ; she has one 
son by her former husband — Horace 
Klinefelter. They have six children by 
this union — Albert, Charles, Ida, Hat- 
tie, Mary, Annie. He has 124 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre. He has 
held the offices of Township Trustee five 
years, Road Supervisor two years, 
School Director five years, Secretary 
of the School Board two years, and 
Treasurer of the School Board one 
year. His farm was in a wild state 
when he purchased it ; he has since 
made many fine improvements. Mr. 
B. is alive to the interests of his town- 
ship and its schools. 

Brandhorst, C. H., far., S. 28; P. 0. 
Hudson. 

Burden, M. A., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Burger, R.,far.,S. 17; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

CAREY, R. B., far., S. 11; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
Chinery, E., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Clark, A. J., for., S. 12 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
j Clouse, S., far., S. 9 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 
Connerd, D. W., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Conners, T., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
COOXS, JACOB A., farmer on 
Sec. 16; P.O. Waterloo ; born in 
Rensselaer Co., N. Y., Feb. 25, 1854; 
he moved with his parents to Iowa and 
Waterloo Tp. in 1868 ; to their present 



BLACK HAWK TOWNSHIP. 



561 



farm in 1869; he, together with his 
brother, L. B. Coons, has carried on 
the farm for the past three years. Their 
parents reside in Waterloo; the brothers 
have lately purchased eighty acres of 
land in Sec. 16. Jacob A. was married 
in 1877 to Miss Emma M. Virden, from 
Waterloo Tp. ; her parents came to and 
f«ettled in this county in 1849. L. B. 
Coons was born in Rensselaer Co., N. 
Y., May 11, 1852; he moved to and 
.settled on his present location in 1869. 
He was married in 1875 to Miss Susie 
French from Oneida Co., N. Y. ; they 
have one child — Lena A., born Nov. 3, 
1876. The brothers are Republican in 
politics. 

Coons, L. 

Costello, John, Hudson. 

Costello, John, Jr., far., S. 15; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 

COTTRELIi, AMASA, farmer, 
Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1825. Emi- 
grated to Iowa and Black Hawk Co. in 
1857 ; he spent three years on rented 
farms, then took a trip to Pike's Peak 
in 1860; returned to Iowa and settled 
on his present farm in the Spring of 
1862. He was married May 15, 1847, 
to Miss Rebecca Deavitt, from New 
York ; they have four children — Will- 
iam A., Louisa J., Warren H., Harmon 
S. Mr. C. owns 960 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. He has held 
the ofiBces of Township Trustee one 
year. School Director eight years, and 
Secretary of the School Board eight 
years. He held the office of President 
of the Black Hawk County Agricult- 
ural Society three years ; also President 
of the Patrons' Joint Stock Co. two 
years ; also President of the Waterloo, 
Belle Plaine & North Missouri Narrow- 
Gauge Railroad two years. Mr. C. has 
added many fine improvements to his 
farm — a large barn 60x100 ; he is now 
building a fine dwelling 48x56. He is 
quite extensively engaged in feeding- 
cattle and hogs; during last year, he 
sold seventy-four head of fat cattle, 
and 260 fat hogs. The family are 
among the first and prominent settlers 
of the township. He was appointed on 
a committee to assist in the division of 
Black Hawk Tp. into Black Hawk and 



Lincoln, giving to each equal territory. 
Their son — William A. — has held the 
office of Deputy Auditor of Black Hawk 
Co., for the past five years; Louisa J. 
is engaged in teaching school ; she has 
taught in her own and adjoining dis- 
tricts for the past seven years ; Warren 
H. attends the Iowa State LTniversity at 
Iowa City ; he drew the prizes of his 
class in 1876-7 ; Harmon remains at 
home and attends to the interests of the 
farm. 

Cottrell, H., S. 33 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Crites, J., far., S 20 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Crites, L., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Crites, Wm., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Hudson, 

Crow, M., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

CrRTIS, P. B., farmer and Post 
master, Hudson; born in Orleans Co., 
N. Y., in 1831 ; he emigrated to Iowa, 
and Orange Tp. in 1857; he sold out 
and moved to Sioux Co., Iowa, in 1873; 
returned and settled in Orange Tp. the 
same year, and to Hudson in 1875. He 
was married in 1854 to Miss Mary Jane 
Lord, from Monroe Co., N. Y. ; they 
have four children — Clara A., Frank 
W., George W. and Ray J. His wife 
died in Dec, 1877. He has seven acres 
of land in Hudson, valued at $75 per 
acre. He has held the office of Post- 
master for three years. He was among 
the earliest settler< in the county. H 
brother, W. H. Curtis, of Waterloo, is 
actively engaged in the great temper- 
ance reform. 

DAGNAN, W., far., S. 15; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 

Daly, J., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Davis, E. J., far.. S. 34 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Day, Benj., renter. 

Dewey, S., far., S. 14 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

De Witt H., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

De WITT, H. H., farmer. Sec. 1 ; 
P. O. Waterloo ; born in Chemung Co., 
N. Y., July 16, 1814 ; he moved with 
his parents to Richland Co., Ohio, in 
1818. Was married in 1835 to Miss 
Mary M. Caulkins, from New York ; she 
was born March 1, 1812. They moved 
to Cedar Co., Iowa, in 1852 ; to Black 
Hawk Co. and their present farm in 
1855. They have ten children, four 
living — Mrs. Eunice E. Case of Water- 
loo Tp. ; Henry C, Edwin M., of 
Hutchinson, Kansas ; Mrs. Frances I 



562 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



Walker, of Kansas Center, Kansas. He 
has 117 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. He has held the offices of 
Justice of the Peace three years, Town- 
ship Trustee seven years, Township As- 
sessor one year. County Supervisor one 
year, and School Director one year. IMr. 
De Witt was among the earliest settlers 
of the county ; he entered his land in 
1852. He showed his patriotism by en- 
listing in the army in the late war, but 
was rejected on account of age. He is 
carpenter by trade, and also served his 
apprenticeship at the cabinet maker's 
trade. His son, Henry C, occupies a 
part of the house, and assists in carry- 
ing on the form. He was married in 
1872 to Miss Alice Cole; she died in 
Sept., 1872. He was married again to 
Miss M. C. Hubbard, from Missouri ; 
they have two children — Eunice J. and 
Lenae. 

Dolan, J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Dolan, T., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

EGERMIRE, JOHN, far., Sec. 15; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Egermire, John W., farmer, S. 15 ; P. 0. 

Cedar Falls. 
Englehart, Paul, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
T^ARALL, PATRICK, renter. 

Ferris, C, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Ferris, Forrest, S. 13 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

FERRIS, JOHX D., farmer, Sec. 
13; P. 0. Waterloo; born in Saratoga 
Co., N. Y., Dec. 2, 1826 ; moved with 
his parents to Orleans Co., in 1837, 
to Indiana in 1842, to Knox Co., 111., 
in 184:7, to Iowa and his present farm 
in 1852. He was married in 1851 to 
Miss Louisa Jackson, from Illinois ; she 
was born March 6, 1834 ; they have 
had eight children — Syntha L., Alge- 
non N.', Forest C, John H., Frank E., 
Mary P., Hattie L. and Rosie V. Syntha 
L. is dead. He has 192 acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre. He has held the 
offices of Township Trustee four years, 
Road Supervisor two years, and School 
Director two years. In politics, Mr. 
Ferris is a Republican. They are mem- 
bers of the United Brethren Church, 
located Sec. 24 ; Mr. Ferris and family 
were among the pioneers of Black Hawk 
Tp. ; there was no house west of his 



and on'y two between his and Waterloo; 
there was no Waterloo, only a small 
cabin, and no family lived in that for 
some time ; there were plenty of deer 
and elk, and a few buflFaloes were killed 
near him ; he built a log cabin 14x 
14 and lived the first Winter without a 
floor. Algenon was the second white 
child born in the township ; they were 
obliged to endure many privations ; 
they have a fine farm now, with many 
substantial improvements. 

Ferris, 0. B., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Flynn, M., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Fuller, A., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

QILLEN, ALEX, school teacher ; P. 
0. Hudson. 

GILLIN, E., MRS., farmer, Sec. 
26 ; P. 0. Hudson ; she was born in 
Bedford Co., Penn., Jan. 29, 1826; 
she moved with her parents to Cambria 
Co., Penn., in 1840. She was married in 
1846 to John Gillin, from Pennsylvania; 
he was one of the seven children born 
on the ocean on the passage from Ire- 
land to this country July 18, 1818 ; he 
died Oct. 1, 1865; she moved with 
family to Linn Co., Iowa, in 1867 ; to her 
present farm in 1870 ; she has had ten 
children — SamuelB.,Robert J., JohnE., 
Alexander S., Mary C, Martha M., 
William S., Mesaeh, Frances Jane and 
Charles W. ; they have 140 acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre. Her son, 
Mesaeh, died. John E. is a physician 
and located at Reinbeck, Grundy Co. 
Alexander S. teaches school. Samuel 
is a farmer in Linn Co. The other boys 
remain at home. She is a member of 
the German Baptist (yhurch. 

Gillen, R., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Gilmore,- W., fir., S. 25 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Gonchnour, S.,flir., S. 22; P. 0. Hudson. 

Gonchnour, Thomas, miller, Hudson. 

Granickey, David, farmer. 

Grassley, John, farmer. 

Gutknecht, F., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Huron. 

Gutknecht, H., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Cedar. 
Falls. 

HAYENNAN, JOSEPH, far., S. 35; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 
HALL, GEORGE N., farmer, S. 
26 ; P. 0. Hudson ; born in Richland 
Co., Ohio, April 5, 1834 ; he lived with 
his parents until 1849, when they both 
died with the cholera in Cincinnati, and 



BLACK HAWK TOWNSHIP. 



563 



were buried at the same time ; he moved 
to Ashtabula Co., the same year ; to 
Iowa, and on his present farm in 1855. 
He was married to Miss Harriet M. 
Hoskins, from Ohio. He enli(>ted in 
1861, in the 16th I. V. I., Co. I ; he 
served two years, when he was mustered 
out, and at once re-enlisted as a veteran 
at the siege of Vicksburg ; he was in the 
battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, 
etc.; mustered out in July, 1865: He 
has 100 acres of land, valued at $4,000; 
they have two children — Juliette A., 
born Feb. 18, 1853; Alburtus A., born 
May 21, 1860. In politics he h a Re- 
publican. 

HATHAWAY, THOMAS P., 
farmer, S. 9 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born 
in Adams, Mass., in 1830 ; he moved 
to Iowa and Cedar Falls in 1868 ; on his 
present farm in 1869. He was married 
in 1854 to Miss Amelia Bryant from 
Adams, Mass.; they have had tive chil- 
dren, three living — Lawrence B., Mary 
A. and Martin E. He has 1 60 acres 
of land, valued at $3,200. He has held 
the offices of Township Trustee three 
years. Township Assessor one year, 
School Director four years, Justice of 
the Peace fqur years. In politics, he is a 
Republican. Mrs. H. is a member ofthe 
Congregational Church, Cedar Falls. 
Mr. H. sold the farm he now occupies, 
to Dr. Bryant of Cedar Falls, in.l877 ; 
he still works the farm ; he is also fitting 
up another farm on Sec. 8, of 160 
acres. His son, Lawrence B. is a prac- 
ticing physician and surgeon at Ray- 
mond, Iowa. 

HE^^Ifi^E, CHARLES A., farmer. 
Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in 
Germany July 26, 1826 ; he emigrated 
to this country and Blair Co., Penn., in 
1854; to Iowa and Cedar Falls in 1861 ; 
he purchased his farm in 1868 ; he re- 
moved and settled on it in 1873. He 
was married in 1852 to Miss Anna 
Koehne, from Germany; she was born 
July 20, 1829 ; they have six children 
— Harmon, born in Germany, Aug. 13, 
1853; Minnie, born May 25, 1856; 
William, born Ocr. 15, 1857; Charles 
A., born Dec. 18, 1859; Lavica, born 
July 8, 1866 ; Otto F., born July 15, 
1873. He has 240 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre. He has held the offices 



of School Director for three years, School 
Treasurer three years. Road Supervisor 
one year. In politics, votes for the best 
man. 

Hesse, H., S. 17 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Hildebrand, J., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Holcomb, L. J., carpenter, Hudson. 

HOLL.IS, F. R., farmer. Sec. 16; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls ; born in Rensselaer 
Co., N. Y., April 9, 1842; he emi- 
grated to Iowa and settled on Sec. 1, 
Black Hawk Tp., in 1866 ; to his pres- 
ent location in 1870. He was married 
in 1865 to Miss Hellen Bly, from New 
York; she was born April 23, 1843. 
He has 160 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. They have six children — 
Charles, Harlin, lola, Eddie, John and 
Rienzi. He has held the offices of 
Township Tiustee two years. School Di- 
rector one year and Road Supervisor one 
year. He enlisted in Co. E, 125th N. 
Y. V. I., in 1862 ; mustered out in 
1865'; he was in all the general engage- 
ments with the Army of the Potomac. 
In politics, is Republican. 

Horn, F. W., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Howe. J., far., S. 6 ; P. O. Cedar Falls. 

JOKES, R. A., farmer. Sec. 24; 

t) P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Edwards 
Co., 111., March 24, 1823 ; moved to 
Wisconsin in 1849; to Iowa and this 
county in 1850 ; he settled on Sec. 7, 
Orange Tp., the same year ; on his pres- 
ent farm in 1862 ; he has 176 acres of 
land, valued at $-iO per acre. He was 
married Dec. 23, 1843, to Miss Mar- 
garet Hunt, from Edwards Co., 111.; she 
was born April 7, 1825 ; they have five 
children — Mrs. Mary E. Auner (they 
live in Lincoln Tp. ), Mrs. EmeUne J. 
Jackson, of Nebraska, Rose, Isabel and 
Charles M. He lives at the Black 
Hills. Mr. Jones was among the ear- 
liest settlers in the county. He has held 
the offices of School Director two years, 
Road Supervisor one year. Mrs. Jones 
is a member of the United Brethren 
Church. 

KAUTH, JACOB, blacksmith, Hud- 
son. 
Kelley, F., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

LAMB, IRA, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 
Landis, A., far., S. 13 : P. 0. Waterloo. 
Law, M., far., S. 19; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 



564 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



LAW, ROBKKT, farmer, Sec. 19; 
P. 0. Codar Falls ; born in Canada in 
184G; came to the United States in 
1868, and on his present farm the same 
year. He was married in 1871 to Miss 
Phebe Collins, from Canada ; they have 
two children — Ira, born July 6, 187-', 
and Walter, Jan. 27, 1877. Mr. Law 
. has eighty acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. In politics, Kepublican. 

Loeper, A., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Loonan, T., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

McNALLY, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 15; 
P. O. Cedar Falls. 

McCartney, h., blacksmith, 

Hudson; born in Westmoreland Co., 
Penn., Nov. 5, 1835. He was married 
iu 1807 to Miss EHza Horner, from 
Cambria, Penn.; they emigrated to 
Iowa and his present location in 1871 ; 
they have had six children — Lorenzo 
S., Frank H., John G., Nancy M. J., 
Annie May, Carrie Bell. Mr. M. was 
engaged in the Great Cambiia Iron 
Works as rail heater for ten years ; they 
are the largest railroad iron works in the 
United States, employing 3,500 men. In 
poHtics Mr. M. is Republican. They 
are members of the German Baptist 
Church. He is a first-class worker, and 
has a good trade. 

McNally, J., far.,S. 15 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Maguire, John, far., S. 5 ; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

Marston, Chas.. far., S. 2 ; P. O.Waterloo. 

Marston, G., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Marston, N., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Mar.sion, S., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Matteling. James, laborer, Hudson. 

Melleck, W., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Merner, D., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

IIERWIN, JOSEPH, farmer, S. 
10; P. 0. Cedar Falls; was born in 
Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. G, 1818 ; he 
moved with his father to Pennsylvania 
in 1834. He was married in 1837 to 
Miss J. R. Beers, from Pennsylvania ; 
they emigrated to Iowa and Jones Co. 
in 1853 ; to Black Hawk Co. and Lester 
Tp. in 1866; to Bremer Tp. in 1867; 

■ to Cedar Falls in the Spring of 1868 ; 
Dec, 1 o68, to his present farm ; he owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $2,000. 
They have four children — Mary E., 
Phoebe S., Byron W. and Ann M. Mr. 
Merwin is a carpenter and wagon maker 
by trade ; he carried on the trade of 



wagon maker in Pennsylvania for seven- 
teen years ; he has followed the trade of 
carpenter the most of his time since he 
lived in Iowa, renting his farm. 

Merner, John, Sr., retired, Cedar Falls. 

Merner, J., Jr., far. S. 5; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

Merner, S., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Metz, 0. A., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Metz, S. J., far, S. 14; P. O. Hudson. 

Miller, C, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls 

Miller, J. Jr., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Miller, Stephen, miller, Hudson. 

Millikeu, J. T., far., S. 9 ; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

Murray, J., for., S. 29 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Musser, P. T., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

NAGEL, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 17 , 
P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
North, G., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

OSMAN, G., farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Hudson. 
]DALMER, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 14 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Palmer, S. G., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. W^aterloo. 
Parmelee, C. S., far., S. 12; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Patcerson, J., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Patterson, M., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Falls. 
Pratt, 0. G., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Price, J., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Price, R., far., S. 21 ; P. Q, Hudson. 
Popp, J. G., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Hudson. 
Popp, J. K., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

QUINN, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 
REKERS, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 3 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Rickus, H., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 
Rohrer, Jacob. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Hudson. 
Rohrer, S., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Hudson. 
BuiTg, C. P., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

SENFFERLIN, FRED., Section 16; 
P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Senfferlin, J., far., S. 16 ; P.O. Cedar Falls. 

SERGEANT, BYRON, former, 
Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Penn- 
sylvania Dec. 25, 1829 ; emigrated to 
this State, and on his present farm in 
1853. He was married in 1855 to Miss 
Maria Crane, from New York ; they 
have four children — EflFa H., Harriet 
M., George C. and Alma B. He has 
262 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. He has held the oflBces of Town- 
ship Supervisor four years ; Township 
Trustee one year ; Secretary School 
Board six years. Mr. Sergeant was 



BLACK HAWK TOWNSHIP. 



565 



among the earliest settlers in the town- 
ship ; only one when he came ; he at- 
tended the meeting for the organization 
of the coiinty in the Fall of 1853. He 
is a Republican, and attended the first 
Republican Convention held in the 
county. He has always taken a lively 
interest in his county and township. He 
also attended the meeting, and assisted 
in the organizing of the township. He 
was chosen as Clerk of the meeting, and 
was afterward elected permanent Clerk of 
the township. There were but 11 votfers 
in the township at that time. They 
depended entirely on a home market to 
dispose of their products for the first 
three years. 

SEVERANCE, GEORGE, farm- 
er, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Hudson ; born in 
Greenfield, Mass., in 1827 ; he moved 
to East Hartford, Conn., in 1854, and 
worked at his trade as burnisher until 
1856, when he moved to and located in 
Grundy Co. in this State, and to his 
present location in 1860. He was mar- 
ried in 1848 to Miss Eliza E. Backus 
from Connecticut; they have five chil- 
dren — Annie E., Isabel M., Cora J., 
Charles F., Virginia I. Mr. S. has held 
the offices of School Director one year, 
Road Supervisor three years. He was 
the first Road Supervisor elected in 
Grundy Co.; only two houses in Grundy 
Center when he came. He hauled the 
lumber from Dubuque, with an ox team, 
and built the -first frame house built in 
Grundy Center. He came through 
from Chicago to Waterloo with team 
in 1856, and it rained every day but 
one while on the wav. 

Schmit, Frank X., flir., Sec. 8; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 

SH AFFNER, P., farmer, Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Hudson ; born in Knox Co., 
Ohio, in 1832 ; he emigrated with 
his parents to Clark Co., 111., in 1848. 
He was married in 1860 to Miss Ma- 
linda Rupp from Ohio. The}^ have 
three children — Ella May, born July 9, 
1861 ; Emma N., born March 1, 1863 ; 
Etta D., born Aug. 14, 1874. In 1864, 
he, with his family, moved by team to 
Anoka, Minnesota, where he was en- 
gaged in the grocery and meat trade for 
four years. Mr. Shaffner went to Min- 
nesota for his health. The distance 



they traveled was 1,100 miles, which 
took six weeks. In 1869, he came to 
Iowa and settled on his present farm, 
which consists of 145 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. He has held 
the office of School Director one year. 
In politics. Republican. They are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Chui'ch; but not hav- 
ing any M. E. Church near they unite 
with the United Brethren and worship 
in their new church on Sec. 24. 

Shank, VV., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Shirey, J., renter, S. 25 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Shroeder, C, far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Smith, B., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

STRAYER, G. W., farmer, Sec. 
22 ; P. 0. Hudson ; born in Cambria 
Co., Penn., July 12, 1840; emigrated 
to Towa and on his present farm in the 
Spring of 1869. He was married in 
November, 1862, to Miss Barbara Cain 
from Pennsylvania ; she was born Aug. 
7, 1843; they have five children — 
Elizabeth A., Joseph W., Lucinda E., 
Rebecca A. and Charles. Mr. S. has 
held the offices of Township Clerk one 
year. Township Trustee one year. School 
Director seven years. Treasurer of School 
Board four years. He is adding some 
fine improvements to his farm ; he has 
just erected a barn, 45x111^. The 
German Baptist Church is located on 
his land ; i was built last season ; it is 
36x44 ; they are members of that 
church. Mr. S. has held the office of 
Director of the Fanners' Mutual Fire 
Insurance Company for four years. He 
has 372 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. 

Strayer, Jacob, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

STRAYER, liEVI, farmer. Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Hudson ; born in Cambria 
Co., Penn., in 1844. He was married 
in 1862 to Miss Lavina Myers, from 
Somerset Co., Penn.; emigrated to Iowa 
and on his present farm in 1870; they 
have seven children — Sarah E., Alvin 
J., Emma E., Huldah S., Martha E., 
Cyrus T. and baby. He has 105 acres 
of land, valued at $3,000. He has held 
the offices of Township Assessor two 
years, School Director four years. In 
politics, Democratic. They are mem- 
bers of the German Baptist Church. 
His parents emigrated to the State at 
the same time. His father purchased 



666 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



the farm known as the Geo. F. Ward 
property — 400 acres. They all lived 
together for five years, when Levi pur- 
chased his farm of his father, and moved 
on to it. His father died in 1875. 

Struble, J., far. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

8tumphenhausen,H.,far., S. G; P. 0. Hud- 
son. 
TAYLOR, JOSIAH, far., Sec. 29 ; P. 
0. Hudson. 

Tierman, C, far.,S.4; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Trost, J., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Tucker, G. W., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

Tucker, W. A., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Hudson. 

TuUock, H., far.,S. 8 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

VIEREGGE, HENRY, far., S. 17 ; P. 
0. Cedar Falls. 
YINTON, S. B., farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 
0. Waterloo ; born in Canada July 17, 
1814; he emigrated to Watertown, 
Wis., 1837 ; on his route he passed 
through Chicago, June 6, 1837; he 
moved to Minnesota in 1856 ; to Iowa 
and on his present farm in the Fall of 
1869 ; he has 100 acres of land, valued 
at ^40 per acre. He was married in No- 
vember, 1843, to Miss Caroline Owen, 
from Addison Co., Vt.; she died in 
1870 ; he was married in 1872 to Miss 
Anna Hall from Herkimer Co., N. Y.; 
they have two children — Elvira G., 
born Oct. 21, 1873; Esther G., born 
Aug. 5, 1875. Democrat; Mrs. Vinton 
is a member of the Episcopal Church. 
At the time when Mr. Vinton settled in 
Wisconsin, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota 
and Nebraska composed the Northwest 
Territory ; the seat of government 
was at Burlington, Iowa ; he assisted in 
building the first frame building in Wa- 
tertown ; Milwaukee was then the near- 
est market; it was then but a small 
village ; they were obliged to cart their 
grain fifty miles through the woods with 
ox teams to mill ; he was obliged to pay 
$5 per bushel for seed potatoes the first 
season ; the next season they were a 
drug in the market ; plenty of Indians 
all around at that time ; they were 
obliged to make fish their principal diet 
for some time ; when he moved to Min- 
nesota, Minneapolis had but one small 
house ; St. Paul was but a trading post. 
While in Minnesota, Mr. V. held the 
oflSce of Postmaster at Staunton five 
years. At this time, he holds the offices 



of Treasurer and Director of the Black 
Hawk Co. Mutual Fire Insurance Asso- 
ciation. 

WALKER, JOHN, fa.r, Sec. 2; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 

Walttnan, G, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 

Washburn, D. D.; P. 0. Waterloo. 

WASHBURN, J. H., farmer. Sec. 
25 ; P. O. Waterloo ; born in St. Law- 
rence Co., N. Y., April 30, 1838; he 
emigrated to Walworth Co., Wis., in 
1856 ; to Iowa in the Fall of 1857, and 
settled on Sec. 24; in 1860 he sold out 
to his brother, D. B. Washburn, and set- 
tled on his present farm. He was mar- 
ried in 1862 to Miss Margaret E. Ser- 
geant, from Pennsylvania ; they have 
two children — Frank S., born Nov. 4, 
1864 ; Guy, born in August, 1874. He 
has eighty acres of land, valued at 830 
per acre. He has held the offices of 
Justice of the Peace for six years, 
Township Assessor, one year. Township 
Clerk two years. School Director three 
years. Mr. W. is a carpenter by trade ; 
he worked on the Court House at Wa- 
terloo, in 1857 ; he also assisted in 
building the two first churches built in 
Waterloo. In politics, is a stanch Re- 
publican. 

Warren, S. S.,far., S. 24; P. 0. Waterloo. 

WASSOII, D, J., farmer, S. 34; P. 
0. Hudson ; born in Cambria Co., 
Penn., Feb. 1, 1838; he emigrated to 
Indiana in 1843 ; in 1864, he returned 
to Cambria, and was jnarried to Miss 
Lucinda Cain Nov. 6, 1864 ; they 
moved to Iowa and Orange Tp. in 
1865, and on to their present farm in 
the Spring of 1868 ; they have four 
children — Francis J., born Aug. 7, 
1866 ; Lorenzo A., born Oct. 13, 1869 ; 
Vena V., born Feb. 6, 1874, and Clar- 
ence W., born Oct. 23, 1877. He has 
eighty acres of land, valued at $3,000. 
In politics. Republican. Mrs. Wassom 
is a member of the German Baptist 
Church. 

Mr. W. was engaged in teaming sup- 
plies for the great Cambria R. R. Iron 
Works for eight years before he came to 
Iowa. 

Watters, D., far., S. 34; P. O. Hudson. 

Wilson, A., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Wilson, Ed., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Wilson, S., far., S. 24; P. 0. Waterloo. 



BLACK HAAVK TOWNSHIP. 567 

YOUNG, M,Tar., S. 6 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Falls. 
Yonkstick, A./fer., S. 9; P. 0. Cedar Falls. 



ZACH, J., far., S. 20; P. O. Cedar 
Falls. 





568 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



EAGLE TOWNSHIP. 



AMFAHR, WILLIAM, far, 
S. 8 ; P. 0. Waterloo born in La 
Salle Co., 111., in 1857, and came to 
this county in 186G and settled on his 
present farm. Married Ann Renter in 
1877 ; she was born in (xermany in 
1854. Are members of the Catholic 
Church. 
ARMSTROXtt, JAMES, far., S 

3-1 ; P. 0. Miller's Creek ; born in 
Stark Co., Ohio, in 1811. Married 
Catharine Shoup in 1834 ; she was born 
in Pennsylvania in 1819, and died in 
1869; Elizabeth, Amanda, Nancy, Car- 
oline, John, William, Sanford and Isaac 
are their living children ; they lost two 
children — Catharine and George. Came 
to this county in 1869 and settled on 
his present farm of eighty acres, valued 
at ^'ii) per acre. 

BATEMAN, A.,' far., S. 27 ; P. 0. 
Miller's Creek. 

Bateman, H., fiir., S. 27 ; P. 0. Miller's 
Creek. 

Bateman, M., far., S. 26; P. 0. Miller's 
Creek. 

Bauler, William. 

Beck, Nick. 

Berry. S., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. La Porte. 

BLACK, THOMAS, far., S. 20 ; 
P. 0. Traer, Tama Co. ; born in New 
York City in 1853, and emigrated to 
Stephenson Co. in 1865, and to this 
county in 1871, and settled on his pres- 
ent fai"m, consisting of eighty acres, 
valued at $20 per acre, where he has 
since made it his home. He, with 
others of this township, lives in the full 
and seemingly perfect enjoyment of 
bachelorhood. 

Blitch, John., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Miller's 

BLOOM, WESLEY, fer., S. 9 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Greene Co., 
Wis., in 1856, and came to this county 
in 1873, and .^^ettled on his present place 
of 160 acres, valued at $30 per acre, in 
March, 1878, where he has since made 
it his home. 

Boor, S. C, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. MiUer's 
Creek. 

BORY, PETER, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo; born in Germany in 1844, 



and emigrated to America in 1868, and 
settled in Lake County 111., where he 
lived until 1872, when he came to this 
county, and in 1875, settled on his pres- 
ent farm. Married Katie Shears in 
1874 ; she was born in Germany in 
1853 ; they have two children — Willie 
and Adam. Are members of the Cath- 
olic Church. 

BROXSON ABRAM, far., S. 16; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Greene Co., 
N. Y., in 1835, and settled in La Salle 
Co., 111., in 1854, where he married Mary 
Humphrey in 1859 ; she was born in 
Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1839. Came to 
this county in 1862, and settled on his 
present farm of 240 acres, valued at $35 
per acre. Has held the office of Con- 
stable for thirteen consecutive years, 
and has filled nearly every town office 
during his residence in the county. 
Charles, Hugh E., Delia, Albert, Eddy, 
Ettie, Winnie and Frank are their living 
children ; lost one child — Annie. Are 
members of the Methodist Church. 

BURGER, GEORGE, farmer, S. 
17 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Germany 
in 1832, and emigrated to America in 
1854, and settled in La Salle Co., 111., 
where he married Mary Offerman in 
1861 ; she was born in Germany in 
1841 ; they have seven children — An- 
ton, Katie, John, Annie, William, 
Frank and Josephine; have lost four 
children — William, John, Henry and 
Louis. Came to this county in 1868, 
and settled on his present estate of 160 
acres, valued at $30 per acre. Members 
of Catholic Church. 

Burns, J., far.. S. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

BlJXTOBf , JOHN, farmer, S. 20 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Yorkshire, 
England, in 1822, and married Mary 
Pr.itt in 1848; she was born in same 
place in 1830. Came to America in 
1859, and settled in Dubu(}ue Co.,Iowa, 
where he lived until 1876, when he 
came to this county, and settled on his 
present farm of 1 60 acres, valued at $30 
per acre. Their children are Ann E., 
John H., Agnes, Christina, Addie, 
Hannah, Mary J., Margaret P., Eliza, 
Thomas and William ; lost two children 



EAGLE TOWNSHIP. 



569 



— Elizabeth and Mary J. Are members 
of the M. E. Church. 

CAHILL, T., farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
Clark, M., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
Conner, A., far., S. 10; P. 0. Miller's 

Conner, J. M., far., S. 19 ; P. O. Miller's 
Creek. 

■Conner, J. 0., far., S. 10; P. 0. Miller's 
Creek. 

Conner, T., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Miller's 
Creek. 

■COVER, E. MERRICK, farmer. 
Sec. 24 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in 
Johnstown, Penn., in 1851, and came 
to this county in May, 1874, and set- 
tled on his present farm of eighty acres, 
valued at S30 per acre. Married Martha 
Jewell in Jan., 1875 ; she was born in 
Wilmington, Delaware, in 1856. Addie 
B. and infant son not yet christened are 
their children. 

DILGER, A., far.,S. 14; P. 0. Mil- 

rpIGHMEY, P. P., farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 

_LL/V 0. Waterloo. 

EAS«AR, JOSEPH, farmer, S. 
21 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Herkimer 
Co., N. Y., in 184i ; emigrated to De 
Kalb Co., 111., where he enlisted in the 
105th 111. V. I., Company A, in 1862, 
and served three years ; participated in 
all the battles of that regiment, and was 
with Sherman on his march to the sea, 
and honorably discharged at the close of 
the war. He came to this county in 
1865, and settled on his farm of 160 
acres, valued at §50 per acre, where he 
lives in the full enjoyment and blessed- 
net^s of bachelorhood. 

EICiHMEY, C. W., far., Sec. 10 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Saratoga Co.,, 
N. Y., in 1832, and emigrated to La 
Salle Co with parents in 1846, settling 
in La Salle Co., 111., from which place 
he moved to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1856 ; 
came to this county, and settled on his 
present farm of 160 acres, valued 
at $35 per acre. He married 
Catherine Penne in 1854 ; she was born 
in Germany in 1834; they have four 
children — Nettie, William, Frank and 
Charles ; lost one child — Jessie. Was 
Justice of the Peace two terms, and 



Trustee a number of years, and is one of 
the early settlers of this town. 
EIGHMEY, HIRAII B., far , 

Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Sara- 
toga Co., N. Y., in 1838; came to La 
Salle Co., 111., with his parents in 1846, 
and to Dubuque in 1850, where he 
lived until 1867. He married Lizzie 
Long in 1872 ; she was born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1849 ; they have four children 
— Orvie, Grace, Clyde and Ralph. He 
settled on his present flxrm, consisting 
of 1 60 acres, valued at $30 per acre, in 
1868. Served four years in the army, 
and was honorably discharged. 
EIGHMEY, ORSON, farmer, S. 
10 ; P. O. Waterloo ; born in Dubuque, 
Iowa, in 1849 ; came to this county in 
1868, and settled on his present estate 
of eighty acres, valued at $35 per acre. 
Married Mary Hopkins in 1877 ; she 
was born in Waterloo, Iowa, March 6, 
1857 ; they have one child — Edith, born 
Dec. 26, 1877. Mr. E. is Republican. 

FITZSIMMONS, NAXCY, 
farming, Sec. 29; P. O.Waterloo; 
widow of Benard Fitzsimmons, who was 
born in Ireland in 1803, and came to 
America in 1840, settling in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, where he married Nancy McCoy ; 
she was born in Ireland in 1825 ; she 
has six children — Edward, Mary, 
Thomas, Bernard, John, Ellen. Mr. 
F. dropped dead on the streets of Cin- 
cinnati, from heart disease, Feb. 1, 1870 ; 
she with her family came to this county 
the same year, where they have since 
made it their home. 
FIKE, JACOB M., farmer. Sec. 
23; P. 0. Miller's Creek ; born in Som- 
erset Co., Penn, in 1843, where he mar- 
ried Catharine Muller, Dec. 24, 1863 
she was born in same county in 1841 
they have seven children — Emanuel 
Mary, Orphy, Eliza, Edwin, Sadie and 
Arthur. They came to this county in 
March, 1865, and settled on his present 
farm, consisting of 160 acres, valued at 
$4,000. They are members of the 
German Baptist Church. 

GUNN, J. C, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. 
Miller's Creek. 
GARDNER, A. W., farmer. Sec. 
26 ; P. 0. La Porte Citv ; born in Jef- 
ferson Co., N. Y., Feb."' 26, 1829; he 
emigrated to Licking Co., Ohio, in Sept. 



570 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



1852, where he married Clarisa A. King 
Dec. 19, 1853; she was born in same 
county Dec. 12, 1832; Burton F. and 
Eugene A. are their living children. 
Mr. G. came to this county in June, 
1864, and in Dec, 1866, settled on his 
present estate, consisting of 160 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. Held the offices 
of Assessor and Justice of the Peace, 
and has been otherwise prominently 
identified with the interests of the town 
and county. 
GARDXKR, GILSOX, farmer, 
Sec. 35 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in 
Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1830, and emi- 
grated to Licking Co., Ohio, in 1851, 
where he married Margaret Humphrey 
in 1855 ; she wa.s born in same county 
in 1832 ; came to this county in 1855, 
and entered the land comprising his 
present estate, upon which he perma- 
nently settled with his family in 1860 ; 
his farm consists of 240 acres, valued at 
$46 per acre. Frank P., William T., 
Fred H., Numan A. and Birdie J. are 
their living children. 

HERRICK, L. D., far., S. 33; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

Herrick,L. L.,far., S. 33; P. 0. Waterloo. 

H£RRMAX, NIKOI^ArS, farm- 
er, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Waterloo, born in Ger- 
many in 1836. Married Johanna Lorig 
in 1853 ; she was born in Germany in 
1818 ; they have four children — Cath- 
erine, Barbara, Angeline and John ; 
lost one child in Germany. Came to 
America in 1862, and settled in Wood 
Co., Ohio, and in 1866, moved to Day- 
ton, Ohio, where he lived until 1868, 
when he came to this county and settled 
near Waterloo, and in 1873 settled on 
his present farm of eighty-eight acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. Are members 
of the Catholic Church. 

HOLMEN, JOHW, farmer, Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in England in 
1822, and emigrated to America in 
1854, and in 1864, settled in this town- 
ship. In 1876, married Mary Smith ; 
she was born in Clermont Co., Ohio, in 
1831. Owns eighty-five acres, valued 
at $35 per acre, upon which he settled 
after marriage, where he has since made 
it his home. 

Hughes, D. L., far., S. 30 ; P. O. Miller's 
Creek. 



Humphrey, T. J., far.. Sec. 16; P. 6. 
Waterloo. 

K Eli ROY, BRUNO, farmer, 
Sec. 28; P. O. Miller's Creek; 
born m Canada in 1835, and emigrated 
to Stephenson Co., 111., in 1856, where 
he married Martha J. Galbraith Oct. ] 4. 
1860. Came to this county in 1870,. 
and in 1871 settled on his present farm 
of 120 acres, valued at $40 per acre. 
Are members of the Advent Church. 

KISTXER, FREDERICK,^ 
farmer, Sec. - ; ¥. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Hanover, Germany, in 1833, and came 
to America in 1845, and settled in Som- 
erset Co., Penn., where he married Fred- 
erica Meckey, in 1856; she was born in 
Germany in 1832 ; they have four chil- 
dren — Augusta, Ella, Dora and Mary. 
Came to this county in 1864, and set- 
tled in the city of Waterloo, where he 
lived until 1877, when he settled on his 
present estate of 160 acres, valued at $25 
per acre. Are members of the Christian 
Church . 

KISTXER, GEORGE, farmer, 
Sec. 10; P. 0. Waterloo; born in Han- 
over, Germany, in 1843, and ca^e to 
America in 1849, and settled incomer- 
set Co., Penn., where he married Eliza- 
beth Shaulls, in 1865 ; she was born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., in 1843. Came to 
this county in 1865, and settled on his 
present estate of 200 acres, valued at $20 
per acre, in 1872, where they have since 
made it their home. 

LICHTY, DAVID, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
Lilley, J., far., S. 16 : P.O. Miller's Creek. 

McGARVEY, PAT, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 
McKinster, G., far.. Sec. 3 : 

Creek. 
.McKinster, Wm., far., S. 3 

Creek. 
McManus, F., far., S. 29 ; 

McManus, 0., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Miller's 

Marshall, G., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Miller's 

Creek. 
Meredith, T., far., S. 10; P. 0. Miller's 

Creek. 
Mitchell, M. 

Creek. 
Miller, P., far., S. 12 ;• P. 0. Miller's Creek. 



P. 0. Miller's 
P. 0. Miller's 
P. O.Miller's 



far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Miller's 



EAGLE TOWNSHIP. 



571 



MOORE, LOREXZO, farmer, Sec. 
o5 ; P. O. Miller's Creek ; born in Co- 
lumbia Co., Penn., in 1821, and came 
with his parents when quite young and 
settled in St. Joseph Co., Mich., where 
he married Hannah Good in 1844; she 
was born in Bucks Co., Penn., in 1822; 
they have nine children living — Rebecca, 
Clara, Edward, Emily, Oliver, Mary, 
Kent, Annie and Harry. Moved to 
Cass Co., Mich., in 1850, where he re- 
sided until the Spring of 1865, when 
he came to this county, and settled on 
his present estate, consisting of 240 
acres, valued at $35 per acre. Is a Re- 
publican. 

MOTT, DAMON, farmer. Sec. 33; 
P. 0. Miller's Creek ; born in Oswego 
Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1837. Married 
Lucy M. Dye in 1860; she was born in 
Oneida Co., N. Y., July 17, 1837. 
Came to this county in March, 1861, 
and on May 2. the same year, settled on 
his present estate, consisting of 640 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre. Mr. 
M. is one of the heaviest stock raisers 
in the county. • Addie E., their only 
child, was born March 29, 1865. Are 
membt rs of the M. E. Church. 

Myers, N., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Miller's Creek. 

NENISER, FRANK, farmer, Sec. 11 ; 
P. 0. Miller's Creek. 
O'NEIL, ALEX., farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 
0. Miller's Creek. 
O'Neil, S.,far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Miller's Creek. 
0'Neil,W.,far.,S.21 ; P. < ■. Miller's Creek. 

PENNE, PETER, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 
0. Watt^rloo. 

PECK, JERRY J., farmer. Sec. 
3 ; P.O. Waterloo ; born in Somerset 
Co., Penn., in 18.54 ; came to this coun- 
ty in 1874, and married Lizzie Lichtyin 
1876 ; she was born in the same county 
in 1855. Owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. Are members 
of the German Baptist Church. 

Penne, W. J., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

ROBERTS, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 
26 ; P. 0. Miller's Creek. 
EIETER, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 
7 ; P. O. Waterloo ; born in Germany 
in 1818. Married Catherine Schenkel- 
berg in 1850 ; she was born in Germany 
in 1822 ; have four children — Elizabeth, 
Annie, Katherina and Christina. Came 
to this country in 1866, and settled in 



Illinois, and in 1867, settled on his pres- 
ent farm of eighty acres, valued at $35 
per acre. 
Rodamcr, B. J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Miller's 

ROTH, MATHIAS, farmer. Sec. 
20; P. 0. Waterloo; born in Germany 
in 1812. Married Susan Zemith in 
1848 ; she was born in Germany in 
1816 ; came to this country in 1864 and 
settled in Chicago, 111., where he lived 
until 1869, when he came to this county 
and settled on his present farm of eighty 
acres, valued at $30 per acre. Nicholas, 
John and Michael are their children. 
Members of the Catholic Church. 

SHAFFER, PETER, farmer, Sec. 17 ; 
P. 0. Miller's Creek. 

NCHRADER, WILLIAM, far , 
Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Ger- 
many in 1816, and emigrated to Amer- 
ica in 1845, and settled in La Salle Co., 
111. Married Seble Sebelee in 1859; 
she was born in Germany in 1826, and 
have four children — Mary, Henry, An- 
nie and Katie ; lost one infant daughter. 
Came to this county in 1867, and set- 
tled on his present farm of eighty acres, 
valued at $30 per acre. Are members 
of the Catholic Church. 

SHE AN, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 14 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Ireland in 
1815. Married Mrs. Elizabeth Kelley 
in 1862 ; she had three children by 
first marriage who are still living — Mary 
A., Maggie and Elizabeth A. Came to 
this county in 1852 and settled on his 
present estate of eighty acres, valued at 
$30 per acre. They have one child — 
Rosa, and are members of the Catholic 
Church. 

Shenkelberg, G., far.. Sec. 7; P. 0. Mill- 
er's Creek. 

Smith, B., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Miller's Creek. 

Smith, E. J., far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Miller's 

STRUBEL, CHARLES J., far , 

Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Ger- 
many in 1830 ; emigrated to America 
in 1849, and settled irl Bureau Co., 111. 
Married Eva Fullin in 1856; she was 
born in Germany in 1833, and have 
eight children — Eva, Charles, Josephine, 
Fred, Adam, Christie, Annie and Willie. 
Came to this county in 1866 and settled 
on his present farm of 164 acres, valued 



512 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



at $35 per acre. Was Town Trustee 
three years. Are members of the Cath- 
olic Church. 
STEIMEIi, %VILLIAM, farmer, 
Sec. If) ; P. O. Waterloo ; born in Ger- 
many in 182'J, and emigrated to this 
country in 185-i, and settled in La Salle 
Co., 111., and in 1856 came to this 
county and settled on his present farm 
of 180 acres, valued at $-45 per acre. 
Married Ann E. Penne in 1 859 ; she 
was born in Grermany in 1838; they 
have nine children — Adaline E., Mary 
B., Emma K., William E., Clara H., 
Edgar, Joseph F., John A. and Theo- 
dore. Held the office of Assessor six 
years, Town Clerk two years, and other- 
wise prominently identified. Are mem- 
bers of the Catholic. Church. 



TAGGERT, JAMES, Sr., farmer. Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Miller's Creek. 
Taggert, James, Jr., far., S. 10; P. 0. 

Miller's Creek 
Trost, Philip, far., S. 29; P. 0. Miller's 

"TTAN BUREN, M., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 
V 0. Miller's Creek. 

WAGER, CHARLES, farmer, Sec. 
21 ; P. 0. Miller's Creek. 
Whipkey, T., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Miller's 

Whipkey, S. A., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Miller's 

Williams, J., for., S. 20 ; P. 0. Miller's 

YUCKER, S., farmer, S. 35 ; P. 0. 
Miller's Creek. 




CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 



57a 



CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 



ASH, JOHN, farmer, S. 18 ; P. 0. 
La Porte City. 
BLATHERWICK, H., farmer, Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. La Porte City. 

Blafherwick, J. H., S. 6 ; P. 0. La Porte. 

BROWN, HORNER, farmer, Sec. 
8 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in Ire- 
land, in June, 1820, and in 1846, 
married Ann J. Marshall ; she was born 
in Clinton Co., N. Y., in August, 1821 ; 
have ten children — Thomas, George, 
Elizabeth, Maria, James, John, Mary A., 
Robert, \Villiam and Fletcher E ; lost 
one — Delia. Came to this country when 
a child and settled in Canada, where he 
lived until 1853, when he moved to Ogle 
Co., 111., and lived there until 1856, 
when he traveled to this county with 
oxen, and settled on his present estate, 
consisting of 120 acres, valued at $30 
per acre. Is one of the early settlers of 
this tov^n and county. Are members 
of the M. E. Church. 

Brown, James, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Brown, John, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Brown, Wm., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Buechley, M., far., S. 7 ; P. Waterloo. 

CLOSE, CICERO, far., S. 33; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 
Close, E. T., far., S. 7; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
Close, G. E. H., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Valley. 
Close, J. A., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
Conner, J., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley. 
Countryman, Wm., La Porte City. 
Costetter, John, farmer. 

DOUD, J., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Valley. 
DOBNHIRE, JOHN, farmer. Sec 
9 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley ; born in Ireland 
in 1808. Married Ellen Clinghan in 
1855 ; she was born in Ireland in 1807 ; 
have one child living — Mary ; lost one 
child — Thomas. Came to this country 
in 18'13, and enlisted in Co. B, 1st Ar- 
tillery and served through the Mexican 
war, and served as teamster in the regu- 
lar army eighteen years, after which he 



went to California and lived there two 
years ; returning, went to New Orleans, 
where he resided until 1852, when he 
came to this county and entered the 
land of his estate ; has a farm of 1 20 
acres, valued at $35 per acre ; is one of 
the earliest settlers in the county, and 
are members of the Catholic Church. 

Doud, J., Jr., far., S. 6 ; P.O. Cedar Valley. 

Doud, T., far., S. 6 ; P. O. Cedar Valley. 

DOXEY, THOMAS B., farmer, 
Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley ; born in 
the city of Baltimore, Md., Aug. 17, 
1820. He married Margaret Henry, of 
Wayne Co., Ind., Oct. 7, 1847 ; she was 
born in Lewis Co., N. Y., Dec. 27, 
1825 ; they have seven children — Ella, 
Boyd, Mrs. Ida Geist, Mrs. May Ed- 
wards, Loren B., Willie S. and Delia. 
They emigrated to this county May 12. 
1855 ; they settled on their present farm 
in March, 1870 ; they have 320 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Mr. D. 
enlisted Oct. 6, 1862, in Co. C, 32d I. 
V. C ; was engaged in battles at 
Pleasant Hill, Nashville and others ; 
was honorably discharged Oct. 6, 1865, 
His family are members of the Presby- 
terian Church. 
EASTMAN, GEORGE, farmer, S. 8 ; 
P. 0. La Porte City. 
FAEUK, L. F., farmer, S. 3 ; P. 0. 
Cedar Falls. 

FOUL.K, PETER, farmer, S. 31 ; 
P. 0. Cedar Valley ; born in Perry Co., 
Penn., Jan. 25, 1 803 ; moved to Freeport, 
111., in 1852 ; to De Kalb Co., 111., in 
1855 ; to Iowa and his present farm ia 
1865. He was married to Miss Susan 
Showalter from Pennsylvania ; born Dec. 
9, 1805 ; they have had eleven chil- 
dren, seven of whom are living — Mrs. 
Matilda Mythaler, Mrs. Mary M. Gor- 
don, Mrs. Lyle B. Brown, Mrs. Sarah 
J. Hess, Mrs. Susan C. Dener, William 
H. and Levi F. Mr. F. owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $3,000. Poli- 
tics, Republican ; religion. Disciples. 

Fauek, W. H., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Valley. 

Felton, N., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley. 

Flaherty, M., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. La Porte 

Frost, H., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. La Porte City. 



574 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Frost, M., Jr., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
Frost, M., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
Frost, N., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 

a AY, J., farmer, S. 33; P. 0. Cedar 
Valley. 

Gay, L., far., S. 33 ; P. O. Cedar Valley. 

GOLIWYANE, MARY B., 
MRS., farmer, S. 21 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville ; she was born in France Feb. 10, 
1827. She was married to August Go- 
linvean April 15, 1850. They emigrated 
to this country, arriving in New Orleans 
in July, 185 J: ; left New Orleans in 1857 
and came to Iowa, and Dubuque, where 
they lived eleven years ; settled on their 
present farm in March, 1868 ; they have 
had nine children — Joseph P., Mary P., 
Lewis J., Emele P., Gust. D., August, 
Mary M., Julia, Eugene, Mary P.; Eu- 
gene and Joseph P., died. Mr. Golin- 
vean died Aug. 31, 1870. The estate 
contains 400 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. They age members of the 
Catholic Church. 

HAMMER, S., far.. See. 3; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 

Hilts, J. M.-, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

HOSMAN, ISAAC, former, Sec. 
18 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Richland 
Co., Ohio, Jan. 20, 1829 ; emigrated 
from his native State to Linn Co., Iowa, 
Oct. 6, 1853. In the same year he was 
married to Susannah Kistler, from Ohio ; 
she was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, 
June 9, 1830; resided in Linn Co. one 
year ; moved to Waterloo in 1854, and 
was engaged in general merchandise ; in 
October, 1864, he settled on his present 
farm, consisting of 120 acres, valued at 
S30 per acre ; his children are Thomas 
D. and Elmer E. They are members of 
the M. E. Church ; in politics, Repub- 
lican. He has held the ofiice of Town- 
ship Supervisor ; also School Director. 

Hubbard, A., far., S. 15; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Hubbard, D., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Hubbard, L., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

Hummel, F. M., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 



Hummel, J. V., far., S. 3; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
TSENHOWER, JOHX, farmer, 
_LSec. 17 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Lin- 
coln Co., N. C, in April, 1807. He 
was married June 1, 1854, to Miss 
Anna Ketring, from Tennessee ; she 
was born Aug. 7, 1825. Emigrated to 
Black Hawk Co., Iowa, settling on their 
present farm, consisting of 100 acres 
of land, valued at $38 per acre, in 
1868. They are members of the Pres- 
byterian Church ; politics. Democrat. 
He was formerly married to Pursis 
Hinkle, by which marriage he has four 
living children; three sons were in the 
army ; one died ; his children are Des- 
tamona, Mary J., William R., Saphrona 
E., Sylvester J., Selrenus K., Jessie A. 
and S.irah May. 

KEYSER, D., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 
Koch, H., far., S. 7; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Koch. J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

LEEKINGTON, A., far., S. 19; P. 0. 
Wa<^erloo. 

Leekington, D., far., S. 19; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 

McCLURE, G. B., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 

McClure, Geo. E., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. La 
Porte City. 

McDonald, T., far., S. 6; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

McKELLAR, XEL.SON, farmer, 
Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Scot- 
land Feb. 7, 1830; he emigrated to this 
country, and Elgin, Kane Co., 111., 
where he was married on Oct. 20, 1857 ; 
moved to Iowa, and this county on his 
present farm Nov. 24, 1857 ; they have 
had eleven children — John A., Daniel 
B., Edward A., Eva J., Frank, Alexan- 
der H., Nelson P., Jennie E., Joel H. ; 
Vernon and baby died. He owns 320 
acres of laud, valued at $25 per acre. 
His wife is a member of the Presbyte- 
rian Church. ; in politics, Republican. 
He has held the office of Road Super- 
visor. 

McKevitt, J., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

McNaughton, A., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Cedar 
ValleV- 

Marshall, H., far., S. 17; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 



CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 



575 



Marshall, W., far.. 'S. 31 ; P. 0. Cedar 

Valley. 
Mead, J. H., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Miles, J., far., S. 10; P. O. La Porte City. 
Morris, G., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. La Porte City. 
Mullar, P., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. La Porte 

City. 
MYTHAL.ER, FREDRICK, 

farmer, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley ; 
born in Germany March 6, 1835; came 
to this country and Pennsylvania in 
1853 ; to Ohio, to Black Hawk Co., in 
1864 ; to his present farm same year. 
He was married Nov. 25, 1860, to Miss 
Matilda Foulk, from Perry Co., Penn. ; 
born Oct. 23, 1830; they have five 
children — Minnie J., Emma L., George 
F., William E. and David F. He has 
255 acres of land, valued at $7,000. 
Member of the Christian Church ; poli- 
tics. Republican. 

Mythaler, J., far., S. 8 ; P.O. Cedar Valley. 

^IVriCHOLS, ANSON, far.. Sec. 20 ; 

IM P. 0. Waterloo. 

XICHOLS, CLARK, P., farmer, 
Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in Wind- 
sor Co., Vt., Dec. 10, 1809. He married 
Sallie Stoughton Dec. 23, 1834; she 
was born in Johnson Co., Vt., Feb. 17, 
1817; they have six children — Sarah 
E , Amos P., Matilda E., Naomi A., 
Mariam S. and Edwin S. ; they have 
lost three children — Clark P., Patwin S. 
and an infant son. In 1856, he emi- 
grated and settled in Orange Township ; 
came to his present farm in 1868 ; he 
has 260 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. Member of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

Nichols, E. S., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

OPPLE, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 
0. Gilbertville. 

Osmon, J. S., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. La Porte 
City. 

OSBORX, WILrLIAlI, farmer. 
Sec. 18 ; P. 0. La Porte City ; born in 
England in 1830, and emigrated to 
America in 1832 with his parents, who 
settled in Erie Co., N. Y. ; in the Fall 
of 1853, moved to De Kalb Co., 111., 
where he resided until 1855, when he 
came to this county and settled in the 
city of Waterloo ; settled on his present 
farm in 1857, consisting of 120 acres, 
valued at $30 per acre, where he lived 
in the enjoyment of single blessedness , 



until 1860, when he married Sophia 
Dobney ; she was born in England in 
1830 ; their children are Hattie S., Elk 
E., William H., John T., Charles J. and 
May. 

PAUL, FRANK, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 
0. Gilbertville. 
Peck, A., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 
Peck, G., far., S. 4 : P. O. Gilbertville. 

ROBERTS, D. A., farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 
O. Cedar Valley. 

RIPPEL, JACOB, farmer, Sec. 9; 
P. 0. La Porte City ; born in Germany in 
1838. Married Henrietta Steinke in 
1862; she was born in Germany in 
1844 ; have two children living — Annie 
and Ida. Came to this country in 1850, 
with his father, William, and settled in 
Waukesha Co., Wis. ; resided in that 
State until 1874, when he came to this 
county, and settled on his present farm 
of 125 acres, valued at $40 per acre. 
Member of the Evanuelical Church. 

ROBERTA, ROBERT D., farm 
er. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley ; born 
in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1827, and in 
3 865, came to this county, where, in 
1868, he married Sarah Mc Arthur ; she 
was born in Scotland in 1846; have 
three children — Ella, Archibald and 
John ; lost one child — Grace. After 
marriage, settled on his present farm of 
240 acres, valued at $45" per acre. 
Members of the Presbyterian Church. 

SCROGGY, ISRAEL, farmer. Sec. 18 ; 
P. 0. Waterloo. 

Shields, S., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley. 

Shoop, A. L., far.,S. 2 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley 

Sisson, W. W., far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Valley. 

Smith, Geo. H., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Cedar 
Valley. 

Smith, L. 0., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Cedar Valley. 

Smith, S. G., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Cedar Val- 
ley. 

STUHLMIELER, JOHX, farm 
er, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Canada, July 28, 1858. Emigrated to 
this country, settling in Erie Co., 
N. Y., where he married Annie Kulin 
July 5, 1861 ; she was born in Wurtem- 
berg Aug. 9, 1838. In Nov., 1862, 
they emigrated to Black Hawk Tp., 
this county ; in a short time to Water- 
loo, where he was the proprietor of 
the Pennsylvania House, and returned 
8 



570 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



to Black Hawk Tp.; then to this town- 
ship, settling on his present farm, con- 
sisting of 240 acres of land, valued at 
S30 per acre, Sept. 12, 1876.' Mar- 
garett E., Charles W., Mary E., Julia 
C. and Louis (1. are their children. 
Congregationalists in religion; in poli- 
tics, Democratic. 
TROST, Peter, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Cedar Valley. 
TOURI^flEN, THEOPHIIiE 
C., farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Cedar Val- 
ley ; born in France March 21,1814. 
He was married Nov. 28, 1846, to Miss 
Florentine Letevere ; she was born in 
Paris Dec. 30, 1823. They emigrated 
to this country and Dubuque, Iowa, in 
the Spring of 1860 ; to their present 
farm in 1867. He owns 180 acres of 
land, valued at $15 per acre. They are 
members of the Catholic Church. In 
politics Democratic. They have had six 
children — Pona, Theophile, Louis, 



Mykey, Gust and Florentin ; Gust and 
Florentin are dead. 
TIKIVER, ABRAHAM, farmer, 
Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in 
Northumberland Co., Penn., March 3, 
1827. He married Mary Tallman Sept. 
29, 1852; she was born in Pennsylva- 
nia March 19, 1834. Emigrated and 
settled in Cook Co., 111., in 1847 ; came 
to Iowa and on his present farm April 
10, 1854 ; he erected a log house 18x 
24, which was the second house built in 
that part of the township ; it is now re- 
placed by fine substantial improvements; 
his farm has 248 acres, valued at $40 
per acre. They have eight children — 
Lyman, Joseph, Levi, Sarah, Chrislyan, 
Charles, Ellen, Mary A ; have lost two 
children — Susan and Flora. 

WALDMAN, H., farmer, Sec. 12: 
P. 0. Gilbertville. 
Watson, T., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 




BARCLAY TOWNSHIP. 



577 



BARCLAY TOWNSHIP. 



ATWELL, ALLEN, farmer, See. 28; 
P. 0. Jesup. 
BAKER, J. H., farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 
0. Raymond. 

Bakhvin, C. W., flvr., S. 12 ; P. O. Jesup. 

BAJ^NE, EDWARD, Postmaster, 
Sec. 13 ; owns forty-nine acres, proba- 
ble value $2,000 ; born June 14, 1833, 
in the Province of Westphalia, Prussia, 
Grermany, where he attended school un- 
til he was 15 years old; he intended to 
study for the ministry, but the death of 
his father caused him to turn his 
thoitghts in another channel. When 
13 years old, he began to learn the trade 
of gold and silver smithing, and has con- 
' tinned at that business off and on to the 
present time ; he came to the United 
States, arriving in New York City in 
February, 1855, and immediately went 
to Philadelphia, where he stayed a short 
time, and then moved to Stephenson Co., 
[11., where he was engaged a this trade, 
and part of his time at farming, for about 
three years ; in 1858, he came to Black 
Hawk Co., Iowa, and located in Barclay 
Tp.; he lived here until 1861, when he 
started for Colorado with an ox team, 
and eight dollars in his pocket to pay 
expenses, but returned with a couple of 
thousands of dollars, a top carriage and 
two ponies ; he lived in Central City, 
Colorado, pursuing his business of jew- 
eler for six years ; his establishment was 
known as the " Crystal Palace;" in 1867, 
he returned to Black Hawk Co., and 
finally settled in Barclay Tp., where he 
now resides. He was married Sept. 16, 
1866, to Lydia N., daughter of Peter 
and Mary Trumbauer, of this township ; 
she was born Feb. 29, 1844; they have 
six children — Lottie M., born July 8, 
1867; Ida, Nov. 14, 1868; Dora, Aug. 
16, 1870 ; Ella, Feb. 19, 1871 ; Char- 
ley, Nov. 28, 1872, and Frances, Jan. 
13, 1877; they lost one child — Hattie, 
born Oct. 14, 1874, died Sept. 16, 
1875. Mr. Basse was appointed Post- 
master of this township in 186"'. He 
is a Republican in p'llitics and was 
Township Constable eight years. Town- 
ship Collector one year, and Road Super- 
visor one term. He is a member of 



No. 133, Jesup Lodge of I. 0. 0. F., 
and also a member of the Blue Ribbon 
Temperance Reform Society of Barclay 
Township. 

Bratnober, A. C, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Wa- 
terloo. 

Brennen, W., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Brown, A., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Brown, F., tar., S. 21 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Brunn, D., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Buss, H. D., fiir., S. 12 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

CAMPBELL, D., far., S. 16 and 20 ; 
P. 0. Barclay. 

Chaplin, A., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

CHATFIELD, G. W., farmer, Sec. 
18 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; born in DuPage 
Co., 111., 1837 ; moved to Iowa, and 
on his present farm in 1864. He was 
married in 1869 to Miss Elizabeth 
Wood, of Wisconsin. JMr. C. enlisted 
October, 1861, in the 33d I. V. I., Co. 
B., under Col. Hovey ; mustered out in 
1862, on account of sickness. Has 160 
acres of land valued at $5,000. He 
has held the office of Justice of the 
Peace for the past two years. He was 
elected Captain of the Township Militia 
during the war after his return. 

Chaplin^ Wm. L., far., S. 28 and 33; P. 
0. Raymond. 

Clark, E., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Colson, J., far., S. 25; P. 0. Jesup. 

Cowan, W., far., S. 12; P. 0. Barclay. 

Craton, J. B., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Cunningham, M., far., S. 12; P. 0. Bar 
clay. 

CrXNIXGHAM, THOMAS, 
farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Barclay ; owns 
440 acres, probable value $8,800 ; born 
in 1833, in County of Clare, Ireland, 
where he attended school and worked 
at farming until he emigrated with his 
parents (Michael and Hannah Cunning- 
ham) to Quebec, Canada, in 1851 ; after 
spending about a year in the Dominion, 
he came to Portage Co., Ohio, where he 
lived until 1854, and in August of that 
year, he came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, 
and settled in Barclay Tp., where he 
now resides. He was married in the 
Fall of 1856 to Margaret, daughter of 
Michael and Bridget Meaney, of County 
Clare, Ireland, where she was born in 



578 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



1828 ; they have four children — Mary 
A., born July -i, 1857 ; Daniel, May 
15, 1860 ; John, June 20, 1862; and 
Thomas, July 11, 1867. When Mr. 
Cunningham came to settle in this town- 
ship, there were but very few settlers ; 
the whole country was aa unbroken tract 
of praii'ie ; no schools, no laid-out roads, 
no bridges, in those days were to be seen ; 
the land he now owns was entered in 
1854, at SI. 25 per acre. He is Demo- 
cratic in politics, and is School Director 
now serving his third term ; he is also 
Road Supervisor, and his family are 
members of the Catholic Church. 
Cunningham, T., for., S. 1 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

DENNISTON, HENRY B., 
far.,S. 20 ; P. 0. Waterloo; owns 360 
acreaof land, valued at $8,300; born 
April 5, 1833, on Grand Island, Niag- 
ara River, N. Y., and, when an infant, 
moved with his parents (John and 
Margaret Denniston) to Wayne Co., 
Mich., where he assisted his father, who 
was engaged in the lumber and saw 
mill business. In 1852, he came West 
to Illinois, and lived in Leaf River Tp. 
for about four years, where he was mar- 
ried Oct. 15, 1854, to Amanda, daugh- 
ter of David and Sarah Hunter, of the 
same place ; Mrs. Denniston was born 
March 6, 1832 ; they have seven chil- 
dren — Emma N., born Feb. 25, 1856; 
Mary C, Dec. 21, 1861 ; Artaxa A., 
Dec. 19, 1864 ; Harriet A., March 11, 
1867 ; Clara B., Feb. 1, 1869 ; Albert 
H., Nov. 5, 1871, and Frank E., Oct. 
27, 1873. In the Spring of 1857, he 
came to Black Hawk Co., and settled in 
Barclay Tp., where he now resides. 
From the time he left Michigan to the 
present, he has been engaged in farming ; 
he has one acre of peat bog on his farm, 
which affords, when used as fuel, a very 
fine fire, and will prove a very good sub- 
stitute for wood and coal ; he says that 
Avhen he first came to this township 
there were not more than 300 acres of 
land broken. He is a Republican, and 
is now serving his fourth term as Town- 
ship Trustee ; was Township Constable 
one term ; Township Collector one term, 
and School Director about six years. He 
i-; a member of the Wesleyan MethodLst 
Church, and is class leader in the same ; 
he is also President of the Blue Ribbon 



Temperance Reform Society, of Barclay 
Tp. ; this is the first society of the kind 
ever organized here. Mrs. Denniston is 
also a member of the Wesleyan Method- 
ist Church. 
TpGGE, A., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

Elliott J., far.. S. 26; P. 0. Jesup. 
Ellis, A. J., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

FENTON, A. C , far., S. 19 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

FENTOX, AL.VIN W., farmer. 
Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Raymond ; owns 248 
acres of land, probable value $6,200 ; 
born April 15, 1836, in Allegany Co., 
N. Y., and went from there with his par- 
ents (Franklin and Levina Fenton), to 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., where he lived 
until he was 13 years old, and he then 
moved to Erie Co., and engaged in the 
business of carpenter, in which he as- 
sisted his father until he was 18 years 
old, and then ^moved West to Ogle Co., 
111., where he engaged in farming, and 
has followed that business ever since, 
excepting some short intermissions that 
occurred through temporary absence 
from his home. In 1864, he enlisted 
in the 142d Iowa V. I., and at the ex- 
piration of his term of service, was hon- 
orably discharged. Was married Jan. 
19, 1866, to Lottie, daughter of Anson 
and Sarah Ingham, formerly of Frank- 
lin Co., Ohio, and at present of this 
county ; she was born July 3, 1847 ; 
they have three children — Edwin, born 
April 21, 1867; Horace, Sept. 24, 
1869, and Mary L., Oct. 29, 1871. Mr. 
Fenton made two trips to Colorado ; the 
first trip was spent in prospecting, and 
the second time he went there, he spent 
. all his time in Denver City ; he also vis- 
ited the " Gregory Diggings," on Clear 
Creek, in the mountains, about thirty 
miles distant from Denver. In June, 
1855, he came to Black Hawk Co., and 
settled in Barclay Tp., where he now re- 
sides ; he says that Barclay Tp. has 
about doubled its population since he 
came here. In politics, he is a Repub- 
lican, and is a member of the Church of 
Christadelphians. 

Fenton, A. W., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 

Forbes, F., far., S. 9, 10, 15 and 16; P. 
0. Barclay. 



BARCLAY TOWNSHIP. 



579 



Fritz, F.,far., S. 3, 7, 8 and 17; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

GEISER, A., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Bar- 
day. 
Gibbons, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Raymond. 
Gibson, D., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Gibson, J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Graham, J. T., far., S. 11; P. 0. Bar- 
clay. 

HALLMAN, S., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. 
Jesup. 
Hepshire, D., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Barclay. 
Hoffman, G. W., far., S. 13; P. 0. Bar- 
clay. 
Holliday, Wm., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 
Hull H., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Raymond. 
JOHNSON, E., far., P. 0. Raymond. 

Johnson, G., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Raymond. 
Johnson, Wm., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Ray- 
mond. 

KEEFFE, J. O., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. 
Raymond. 
Keeffe, T. O., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Raymond. 
T ABOR, P., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Lewin, J., far., Sees. 2 and 3; P. 0. Barclay. 

LEWIS, L.YMAN, farmer and bee 
keeper. Sec 22 ; P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan 
Co. ; owns 160 acres, probable value 
S3,500 ; born Nov. 18, 1819, in Erie 
Co., Ohio ; his parents were Samuel 
Lewis and Elizabeth Hall, of the State 
of New York ; his father participated in 
many of the hard-fought battles and pri- 
vations of the war of 1812. Lyman, 
from his boyhood has been engaged in 
farming, and was married Feb. 20, 1843, 
to Drusilla, daughter of Amos and Flora 
Brown, of Erie Co., Ohio; she was born 
Aug. 16, 1826 ; they have four children 
—Rachel, born Dec. 10,1844; Charles, 
Dec. 19, 1847; Melissa, March 12, 
1849, and Elizabeth, Dec. 28, 1865 ; 
they lost five children — Sarah, born 
March 22, 1850. died in 1851 ; Calista, 
bom in 1846, died in 1847 ; Royal A., 
born Aug. 22, 1853, died Jan. 25, 
1856 ; Harriet E., born June 19, 1854, 
died Jan. 31, 1856, and Marion, born 
Jan. 18, 1863, died Sept. 14, 1865. 
Mr. Lewis came to Black Hawk Co. in 
the Spring of 1855, and settled in Bar- 
clay Tp., where he now resides ; the 
township, he says, was but sparsely set- 



tled at that time ; the principal trading 
points were Waterloo and Independence, 
where wheat was sold for twenty-eight 
cents a bushel, and hardly could sell it 
at that. Mr. L. is quite extensively en- 
gaged in the raising of bees ; at present 
he has thirty hives, and it is his inten- 
tion to increase his stock in that direc- 
tion ; he is now engaged in perfecting a 
new double dividing hive, which it is 
hoped may prove a success, as he claims 
it will safely preserve bees through our 
long, cold winters. In politics, Mr. L. is 
Republican, and is now serving his 
fourth term as Township Trustee ; he 
was School Director for four terms. He 
says that in early days his team got so 
poor for want of corn that he could not 
trust them to haul a load ; no, not even 
to carry himself, and he was obliged to 
go on foot to Gilbertville, in Poyner 
Tp., to invest his last twenty-five cents 
for meal to provide food for his family ; 
such an incident is but an example of 
the hardships which the pioneers had 
to undergo. 

Lloyd, F., far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

nV yTcMANN, M., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Bar- 
May, D., far", S. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Martin, J. A., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

Meehlig, M., far., Sees. 5 and 6 ; P. 0. 
Waterloo. 

Metcalf, M., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Metchler, P., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

Moyer, Geo., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

"XTEIBEL, PAUL, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. 

JL.^ Barclay. 

XIETH, GREGORY, farmer, Sec. 

13 ; P. 0. Barclay; owns 121? acres, 
probable value $3,050 ; born March 10, 
1818, in Baden, Germany, where he at- 
tended school between the ages of 6 and 

14 years ; in July, 1833, he came with 
his parents (Joseph and Mary Nieth) to 
the United States, arriving in New York 
City, and went directly to Northampton 
Co., Penn., where he assisted his father, 
who engaged in lime burning and farm- 
ing ; when 18 years old, he began to 
learn the trade of blacksmithing, and has 
followed that business in connection with 
farming, to the present time. In De- 
cember, 1841, he married Susan, daugh- 
ter of John and Catherine Heller, of 
Bucks Co., Penn. ; she was born May 1, 



580 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



1820 ; they have seven children — Mary, 
born Jan. 5, 1843 ; James E., April 9, 
1851 ; Sarah, Nov. 23, 1853 ; Joseph 
M., Nov. 19, 1855 ; Alice, Nov. 28, 
1857 ; Emma, April 2, 1859, and Ar- 
thur G., June 20, 1866 ; they lost four 
children — Henry E., Maria, Matilda 
and Margaret. In 1845, Mr. Nietli moved 
to Lehigh Co., Penu., and lived there 
eleven year.s ; in 1856, he came to Black 
Hawk Co., Iowa, and settled in Barclay 
Tp., where he now resides ; there were 
but very few settlers here then. He is 
a Republican ; Mr. Nieth and wife are 
members of the Methodist Church, 
esbit, J., fiir.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

ORTXEB, JOHX, farmer, Sec. 
8 ; P. 0. Waterloo ; owns sixty 
acres, probable value $1,100 ; born Sept. 
9, 1851, near Wels, Upper Austria, and 
when an infant was brought by his par- 
ents (Joseph and Theresa Ortner) to the 
United States, arriving in New York 
City in December, 1853 ; they at once 
came West as far as Freeport, 111. ; thence 
to Ridout Tp., Stephenson Co., 111., and 
lived there; two years ; thence to For- 
eston Tp., Ogle Co., 111., where they 
lived three years, and went thence to 
Carroll Co., 111., where they lived until 
1864. From the time he was old enough 
to work, the subject of this sketch as- 
sisted his mother on the farm, and in 
1864, he came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, 
and settled in Barclay Tp., where he 
now resides. He was married Feb. 6, 
1877, to Mary A., daughter of Jacob 
and Eva S.chneck, formerly of Germany, 
and now of Grundy Co., Iowa ; she w£is 
born March 5, 1852, in La Salle Co., 
111. ; they have one child — Margaret 
Theresa, born Dec. 9, 1877. In politics, 
Mr. Ortoer is a Deiiiocrat, and is Town- 
ship Assessor ; he is also Secretary of 
the School Board, and is now sei'ving 
his sixth term as School Director ; was 
Township Trustee one term and Road 
Supervisor one term. He and his wife 
and mother are members of the Catholic 
Church. His mother was born near 
Wels, Ui)per Austria, in 1810, and al- 
though having completed her 68th year, 
is still a healthy, active lady ; she is liv- 
ing with her son John, and owns 160 
acres, the probable value of which is 
S4,000. 



PATTEN, CHARLES, far., S. 22; 
P. 0. Jesup. 
Pranglev, E., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Raymond. 
Purtin, P., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

REESE, N., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Water- 
loo. 

RICE, THOMAS F., farmer. Sec. 
2; P. 0. Barclay; owns 1,000 acres of 
land, probable value $25,000 ; born 
March 23, 1828, in Camden Co., N. J., 
where his father (Thomas Rice ) was en- 
gaged in editing a newspaper that was 
known as the West Jerseyman ; the sub- 
ject of this sketch attended school in 
Philadelphia until he was nearly 20 
years old, and then turned his attention 
to the practice of chemistry in his native 
county, and followed that profession for 
seven years. He was married March 23, 
1850, to Sarah, daughter of John and 
Ann Cummings, of Camden Co., and 
formerly from Ireland ; Mrs. Rice died 
Oct. 12, 1854 ; there was one child by 
that marriage — Martha A., born June 
10, 1852. In May, 1854, Mr. Rice 
went to Ogle Co., 111., and lived there 
until October, 1856 ; he then came to 
Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and settled in 
Barclay Tp., where he now resides. He 
was married to Catherine, daughter of 
John J. and Catherine Schott, of Dauphin 
Co., Penn. ; she was born Sept. 18, 
1826 ; they have four children — Ellen, 
born Dec. 10, 1856 ; Elijah, Nov. 13, 
1858 ; Ada, April 14, 1861, and Eliza- 
beth, June 27, 1863. Mr. Rice says 
there was but one school in his district 
when he came here in 1856, and not 
until ten years after was there a school 
in his sub-district for children to attend. 
The nearest mill was at Waverly, Brem- 
er Co., and not a bridge anywhere to 
cross streams in going to and from 
Waterloo. In politics, he is Republican, 
and was Justice of the Peace for ten or 
t elve years, and School Director about 
ten years. He was engaged in teaching 
school in Illinois for four or five years, and 
taught school in this county three or four 
years. In connection with firming, he is 
extensively engaged in real estate transac- 
tions, and the buying and selling of 
cattle. 

Robertson, J. L., far., S. 23 : P. 0. Jesup. 

Rosborough, W., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Roy, J., for., S. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 



BARCLAY TOWNSHIP. 



581 



QCHMIDT, CASPER, Sr., Sec. 4; P.O. 

k3 Barclay. 

SCHMITT, CASPER, Jr., far., 
S. 6 ; P. 0. Waterloo; owns 120 acres 
of land in Black Hawk Co. , and eighty 
in Buclianan Co., probable value $4,- 
000 ; born Sept. 21, 1829, in Bavaria, 
Germany, where he attended school be- 
tween the ages of 6 and 14 years ; he 
then turned his attention to farming, and 
followed that business until he came to 
the United States, arriving in New York 
City Oct. 1 , 1853 ; he then went to Sen- 
eca Co., Ohio, where he engaged in va- 
rious occupations until April, 1856, 
when he went to Stephenson Co., 111., 
and worked there by the month until 
the Spring of 1857; he then began the 
cultivation of a piece of land for him- 
self, which was leased him by his former 
employer, and in that way he continued 
until the Fall of 1860, when he came to 
Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and was mar- 
ried in November of that year to Helena 
Berger of this county, she died in Jan., 
1864 ; in Feb., 1865, he went back to 
Seneca Co., Ohio, and stayed there until 
April, 1867, and then moved to Free- 
port, 111., where he was max'ried May 7, 
1867, to Matilda, daughter of Adam 
and Anna Maria Kungel, of Bavaria, 
Germany ; she was born Sept. 12, 1841 ; 
they have five children — Francis, born 
March 23, 1868 ; Theresa, born March 
12, 1870 ; Henry, born Oct. 15, 1872 ; 
Edward, born Oct. 12, 1874, and Al- 
bert, born Nov. 15, 1876 ; there is also 
one child, Kasper, born of his first wife, 
Nov. 3, 1863. In the Spring of 1867, 
Mr. Schmitt again returned to Barclay 
Tp., and finally settled here and engaged 
in farming. He is Democratic, and he 
and his wife and children are members 
of the Catholic Church. 

Shane, T. J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Sherman, J. F., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Shuler, J., far., S. 6 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

Smith, Austin M., Sec. 8; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Smith, Clayton C, S. 17 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

SMITH, THOMAS I., farmer. 
Sec. 17; P. 0. Waterloo; owns 170 
acres of land, probable value $4,300 ; 
born Oct. 8, 1830, in Cortland Co., N. 
Y., and when old enough to work, as- 
sisted his father ( Abraham Smith), to 
work the farm, until he was 21 years of 



age ; in 1851, he went to Galena, 111. ; 
he lived there for about six months, and 
then went to Wisconsin, where he en- 
gaged in various occupations until 
1853, when he went to the pineries of 
I that State and superintended the run- 
ning of the lumbering shanties until 
1859, during that time he did consid- 
erable rafting on the Mississippi River ; 
he came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and 
settled in Barclay Tp., in 1859, and on 
Dec. 26 of that year, was married to 
Henrietta, daughter of Cyrus and Cath- 
arine Smith, of this township ; she was 
born Dec. 26, 1842 ; they have five chil- 
dren—Frank M., born Dec. 26, 1860 ; 
Rachel, born Sept. 6, 1865; Owen A., 
born March 6, 1866; EliasP.,born March 
17, 1868 and Jennie L., born July 12, 
1872. Mr. Smith had entered eighty 
acres of land here in 1855, four years be- 
fore he became a settler ; when he ar- 
rived in Galena in 1851, he had not a 
cent in his pocket, and now is the own- 
er of a nice home and farm free from 
debt. In politics, he is a Democrat, 
and was Road Supervisor three or four 
terms ; Mrs. Smith is a member of the 
Wesleyan M. E. Church. Her father was 
one of the first settlers of this township, 
having came here in 1 856 ; he died Nov. 
21, 1874. 

Smith William, far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Starbell, F., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Stewart, J., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

Stewart, J. M., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 

ST. JOHX, ELO:Sf, farmer, S. 19; 
P. 0. Waterloo ; owns sixty acres of 
land, probable value, $1,500 ; born May 
9, 1816, in Cayuga Co., N. Y.;when 6 
years old, he moved with his parents 
(Joshua and Rebecca St. John) to 
Wayne Co., N. Y., where he assisted 
his father on the farm and went to 
school between times. He was married 
Dec. 23, 1837, to Julia, daughter of 
Benjamin and Anna Burton, of Sara- 
toga Co., N. Y.; she was born Jan. 14, 
1814 ; they have three children — Philo, 
born Sept. 12, 1851 ; Lilla, born Feb. 7, 
1850 ; Perry, born Feb. 27, 1855 ; lost 
seven children — Josiah, Adelia, Btirton, 
John, A-lice, Esther and Ella. Mr. St. 
John was engaged in the saw-mill busi- 
ness from 1845 to 1867 in Wayne Co., 
N. Y., and in 1868, he came to Black 



582 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Hawk Co., Iowa, and settled in Bar- 
clay Tp., where he now resides. He is 
a Republican, and is serving his second 
term as Township Clerk, and is also 
serving his ninth consecutive term as 
School Treasurer ; he was Township 
Trustee two terms, and Assessor three 
terms. While in New York, he took 
an active part in the comple- 
tion of the Erie Canal, having 
been engaged in extensive contracts on 
that work from 1855 to 1867, when it 
was completed; in 1866, he was ap- 
pointed Superintendent of Section 10, 
on the Erie Canal, and served in that 
capacity one year ; in 1857, he was Com- 
missioner of Highways in the town of 
Arcadia, Wayne Co., N. Y., for four con- 
secutive terms ; in 1860, he was elected 
Supervisor for the same town for three 
years, and again for two years ; in 1862, 
was Chairman of the Board of Super- 
visors of the same town for three years, 
and again for two years was Chairman of 
the Board of Supervisors ; in 1863, he 
was appointed Commissioner of Excise 
for Wayne Co., and filled that office for 
three years. His son John was born 
Oct. 28, 1844, and enlisted in Sept., 
1864, in the 18th N. Y. V. Battery, and 
was in several engagements, amongst 
which was the reducing of Mobile and 
its capture ; he died at Cape Hatteras 
June 4, 1865, from disease contracted 
by exposure while in active service. 

Sweely, J., far., S, 36; P. 0. Jesup. 

r-pHAYER, J. P., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. 
_L Jesup. 

Thayer, W. D., far., S.-13 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

Thompson, J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Trumbauer,P. P., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Tunks, L., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

WITHEY. ELIAS, farmer, S. 13; 
P. 0. Barclay. 
WALKER, WILLIAM, farmer. 
Sec. 25 ; P. O. Jesup ; born in Bu- 
chanan Co. ; owns 360 acres, probable 
value, S10,800; born June 14,1827, 
ill Ayrshire, Scotland, and his mother 
(Janet Patten ) died there in 1832. In 
company with his father, William Walk- 
er, Sr., he came to the United States, 
arriving in New York City in 1847 
and immediately came West and located 
in Kane Co., 111., where he resided until 
1852 engaged in farming; he then 



moved to McHenry Co., 111., and lived 
there five years. In 1857, he came to 
Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and settled in 
Barclay Tp. Was maraied June 19, 
1852, to Elizabeth, daughter of John 
and Jane Paul, of Ayrshire, Scotland ;. 
she was born Sept. 22, 1832 ; they have 
seven children — Eliza J., born March 
14, 1853; Agnes C, Dec. 17, 1854^ 
John L., July 1, 1859; William P., 
May 28, 1862 ; Franklin C, Feb. 3, 
1866; Mary J., July 13; 1868, and 
George G., Nov. 8, 1871 ; they lost 
two children — Franklin C, born Dec. 
24, 1856, died Oct. 7, 1859, and Mary 
J., born July 30, 1864, died March 12, 
1865. When Mr. Walker came to 
Barclay Tp, there were but two houses 
to be seen from where he now resides ; 
the surrounding country was an un- 
broken tract of prairie. He had a few 
cattle when the first assessment was 
made, and the Assessor said he had 
more cattle than could be found in the 
whole township at that time. He says 
that on July 31, 1859, they were uisi- 
ted by a terrific hail-storm that com- 
pletely destroyed the first crop that he 
had planted in Iowa, and as he was 
trusting to its success to enable him pay 
his bills and buy provisions for the 
second year, the disappointment at that 
time was very hard, to say the least ; 
but such were the trials the early settlers 
had to undergo. To-day, Mr. Walker is 
one of the most solid men in Barclay 
Tp., and is the owner of as handsome 
a house and farm as can be found any- 
where. He is truly one of the repre- 
sentative men of Black Hawk Co. He 
is a Republican, and was School Di- 
rector two or three terms and Road Su- 
pervisor two or three terms. He and 
his wife are members of the Presby- 
terian Church. 
WHITNEY, AZRO B., farmer, 
Sec. 10; P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan Co., 
owns forty acres, probable value $700 ; 
born March 11, 1840, in Orange Co., 
Vt., was engaged in farming. Enlisted 
Sept. 11, 1861, for three years during 
the war of the rebellion , was honorably 
discharged March 31, 1862, by rea.soa 
of disability, near Hampton, Va. Mar- 
ried Emma A. Hackett, of Orange Co.,^ 
Vt., Nov. 1, 1865 ; she was born Aug. 



BARCLAY TOWNSHIP. 



588 



4, 1845; they have four children — 
Myron A., born Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cora 
M., Jan. 10, 1869; Aurie E., March 
27, 1871, and Mark H., April 13, 
1876. Mr. W. left his native county 
in February, 1868, and went to Jeffer- 
son Co., Wis., thence to this county 
and settled in Barclay Tp. He is a 
Republican, and was Justice of the 
Peace two years and Township Assessor 
two terms. He has a very handsome 



testimonial presented to him by the 
Governor (John W. Stewart) of Ver- 
mont, for the honorable part he bore as 
a volunteer in the war of the rebellion 
— his courage, patriotism and fidelity to 
the Union being fully established there- 

by- 
White, John, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Barclay. 
White, Wm., far.. Sees. 2, 10, and 15 ; 

P. 0. Barclay. 




584 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



LESTER TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS, A. P., far., S. 1-4; P. 0. 
Fairbank. 
Adams, R., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Lester Center. 
Alderman, C, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

BARBER, A. W., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. 
Lester. 
Barker, J., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Lester. 

BARTHOLOMEW, AL- 
FRED, farmer and stock raiser, Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. Lester Center ; owns 650 
acres, probable value f 13, 000; he was 
born Oct. 27, 1831, in Cattaraugus Co., 
N. Y., and moved at a very early age 
with his parents (Daniel and Minerva 
Bartholomew) to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 
and lived there until the year 1846 or 
1847, when he moved to Cuyahoga Co., 
Ohio, where he lived until 1849 ; his 
father was engaged in farming, stock 
raising and speculating, while Alfred 
attended school; in 1848 or '49, his 
father died of cholera, and with his 
mother and two sisters he Went to the 
southern part of Wisconsin to an uncle 
who lived there at that time ; in the 
Spring of 1849 or 1850, he renied a 
farm in Lake Co., 111., and in the follow- 
ing year went to Cook Co., 111., where he 
bought a farm and lived there until 
1862. He was married Jan. 1, 1855, 
to Margaret, daughter of Benjamin and 
Eliza Butterfield, of Cook Co. ; she was 
born Nov. 20, 1832 ; they have eight 
children — Dan, born May 27, 1860 ; 
Alice, born March 31, 1862 ; Martha, 
born Dec. 18, 1865; Earl, born March 
4, 1868; Eliza, born July 12, 1870; 
Minnie, born March 25, 1873 ; Albert, 
born March 29, 1875, and Gertrude, 
born April 30, 1877; they lost three 
children — Benjamin, born Oct. 3, 1856, 
died April 25, 1859 ; Ellen, born April 
26, 1858, died Oct. 11, 1860; Clara, 
born Feb. 16, 1864, died March 13, 
1865. In 1862, Mr. B. came to Black 
Hawk Co. and located in Waterloo Tp., 
where he wa.s engaged in farming until 
1867 ; he then went to the city of 
Waterloo and engaged in various specu- 
lations, and lived there until the Spring 
of 1870, when he came to Lester Tp. 
and settled here ; in connection with his 
farm, he is eniiasred in stock raisins to a 



considerable extent ; since he came here 
he has made more improvements than 
any one in the township ; he has an 
orchard of 300 apple trees, and the 
finest artificial grove in Lester Tp. In 
politics he is a Republican, and is now 
serving his third year as District Town- 
ship Treasurer, and serving his second 
year as Road Supervisor ; he w;is Town- 
ship Assessor two years in this town- 
ship ; School Director for six years in 
this and Waterloo Tps., and was Road 
Supervisor three years in Waterloo Tp. 
He was appointed in July, 1875, to 
carry the United States mails between 
Blakeville and Jesup, and is still hold- 
ing that position and is a member of 
the Masonic Order, Victor Lodge, of 

Beeghley, C, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Blakeville. 

Bentley, L. A., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

Beyersmith, J., far., Sees. 2 and 10 ; P. 0. 
Fairbank. 

BLAKE, THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 
19; P. O. Blakeville; owns 250 acres, 
probable value $5,000 ; was born Dec. 
2, 1828, in Somersetshire, Eng., where 
he learned the trade of blacksmith from 
his father, Jacob Blake, who followed 
that vocation. He was mari'ied March 
14, 1850, to Isabella, daughter of Will- 
iam and Sarah Tucker, of Butley, 
Eng. ; she was born Dec. 29, 1824 ; 
they have seven children — William J., 
born Jan. 18, 1853; George H., born 
March 22, 1855 ; Emma C", born May 
24, 1857: Leonard, born March 13, 
1860 ; Sarah A., born Oct. 13, 1862 ; 
Isabella, born July 10, 1868, and Kate 
May, born April 16, 1872 ; they lost 
two children in infancy. On his arrival 
in New York City from England in 
1850, he went to Seneca Co., N. Y., 
and in 1855, he came to Black Hawk 
Co. and entered lands in Lester ; having 
done this, he went back to Seneca Co.. 
and, in January, 1856, returned vnth 
his family ; in the Spring of the latter 
year, he went to Bennington Tp. and 
established himself at his trade in the 
village of Blakeville, which takes its 
name from the subject of this sketch, 
and his cousin (Thomas C. Blake), who 



LESTER TOWNSHIP. 



585 



resided there at that time. In 185S, he 
moved to Lester Tp., where he has since 
resided. He is a RopubHcan, and was 
Township Trustee one or two years, 
School Director three terms, and was 
Road Supervisor for a year in Blakeville. 
Is a member of the Old School Baptist 
Church, and Mrs. Blake is a member of 
the same denomination. Mr. B. and 
two of his children (Miss Emma and 
his son George) are Bible-class teachers 
in the Sunday school of School District 
No. 7, of this township, and Mr. Blake 
was Superintendent of the same for two 
years. In connection with fiirming, he 
is engaged in stock raising to a consider- 
able extent, and devotes more or less of 
his time to blacksmithing to accommo- 
date neighboring farmers, and to do his 
own repairs ; he is also agent for the 
lands owned by Adjt.-Gcn. A. C. Fuller, 
Belvidere, 111., which are situated in 
Lester and Bennington Tps. and adjoin- 
ing Mr. Blake's own fai-m; he has 
broken 275 acres of it, and is still break- 

BOXESTEEL, PHILIP, farmer. 
Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Lester ; owns 360 acres, 
probable value $9,000 ; was born Jan. 
10, 1838, in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.; 
when quite young moved with his 
parents ( Henry and Irena ) to Racine 
Co., Wis., thence to Lake Co., 111., 
where he farmed for six years ; in 1850, 
moved to Lake Co., Ind., and in 1854, 
came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and 
located in Orange Tp., where he assisted 
his father on the farm. Nov. 6, 1862, 
he married Harriet, daughter of John 
and Charlotte E. Parker, of Marion 
Co., Ohio ; she was born Nov. 16, 1838 ; 
in 1865 (April), Mr. B. went to Ohio, 
and* the Spring of 1866 returned to 
Black Hawk Co. and settled in Lester 
Tp., where he now resides. In politics, 
he is a Democrat, and was Township 
Trustee two terms, and is now School 
Director, having been elected the Spring 
of 1878. Wiien he came to this county, 
ill 1854, there were only six log houses 
in Waterloo City ; his father built the 
first frame hou.<e in Orange Tp., and 
hauled the lumber from Davenport ; the 
studding and rafters were cut by the 
first saw-mill (a horse-power concern) 
erected in Waterloo in 1854. 



Boyle, J. W., far., Sees. 21 and 22 ; P. 0. 
Lester. 

Brenizer, E. K., far.. Sees. 21 and 23 ; P. 
0. Lester. 

Brown, A., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Lester. 

Brown, B. E., far.. Sees. 26 and 27; P. 0. 
Lester. 

Bucher, H. W., far., S. 18; P. 0. Lester. 

BUCHNER, JOHN, retired farmer. 
Sec. 6; P. 0. Waterloo; owns 112 
acres in Lester and twenty acres in Bre- 
mer Co., probable value $3,300 ; he 
was born July 20, 1813, in Bavaria, 
Germany, where he attended school 
from 6 to 14 years of age, and then 
learned the trade of blacksmith, which 
business he followed until he came to the 
United States, arriving in New York 
City July 12, 1843; from there he 
went to Lehigh Co., Penn., and worked 
at various occupations for five years. 
He was married Feb. 12, 1844, to Ade- 
laide, daughter of John and Barbara 
Buchner, of Bavaria ; they have three 
children — Anna E., born June 29, 
1847; John, bowi Jan. 16, 1852; Ma- 
tilda, born Nov. 13, 1853; they lost 
seven children — Louis, Matilda and five 
children, who died in infancy. In 1848, 
Mr. B. went to Stephenson Co., 111., and 
in 1849, to Winnebago Co., 111., where 
he worked at his trade until 1856; he 
then came to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, 
and located in Barclay Tp. ; in 1865, he 
settled in Lester Tp. He is a Repub 
lican, and was School Director one year ; 
is also a member of the Evangelical 
Association of North America, and 
Mrs. Buchner is a member of the same 
Association. 

BUTZ, AARON K., farmer, Sec. 
6 ; P. O. Waterloo ; owns twenty acres 
of land in this township, and forty acres 
in Bennington Tp., probable value 
11,300 ; he was born Oct. 28, 1817, in 
Lehigh Co., Penn., and worked at farm- 
ing until he was 24 years old. Was 
married Nov. 14, 1839, to Ellen, daugh- 
ter of Daniel and Elizabeth Klopp, of 
Berks Co., Penn ; she was born Jan. 16, 
1819, and died May 29, 1862; they 
had five children, one of whom, Ellen 
Nora, born April 12, 1862, died Sept. 
16, 1862 ; the names of those living are 
Sarah A., born April 21, 1844; Caro- 
line L., June 26, 1846 ; Henry S., 



586 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY; 



April 21, 1850, and Franklin J., April 
29, 185-4. In 1845, he went to Du 
Page Co., 111. ; thence to Carroll Co., in 
1853, and in 1856, came to Black 
Hawk Co., Iowa, and located in Ben- 
nington Tp., where he was engaged 
in farming until he came to Lester Tp. 
in June, 1877. His present wife was 
Mrs. Johanna Wagner, maiden name, 
McKesson, daughter of Samuel and 
Catharine McKesson, of Centre Co., 
Penn. ; she was born Jan. 15, 1815, 
and by her former husband had seven 
children — Mary J., born Dec. 9, 1840 ; 
Catharine A., March 21, 1848; Eliza- 
beth, May 22, 1845 ; Jemima, May 2, 
1847; Emeline, Feb. 25, 1849; John 
F., June 22, 1851, and Cynthia M., 
Nov. 19, 1854 ; the last named is liv- 
ing in Bennington Tp. Mr. Butz is a 
Republican. Was Road Supervisor one 
term, and is a member of the Evangel- 
ical Association. Mrs. Butz is also a 
member of the same society. 

CAMPBELL, C, far., S. 3; P. 0. 
Fairbank, 
Campbell, R., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Canfield, P. S., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Canfield, S. C, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Carucross, J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Carnes, J. E., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Centlivre, D., far., S. 24; P. 0. Fair- 
bank. 
Cook, Chas., Jr., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Lester. 
~pvERR, J., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Lester. 

De Graif, J., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Lester. " 
Duffy, F., far., S. 13; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Duffy, H., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Duffy J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Duffy, P., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Dufiy, T.,far., S.23'; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Dunkerston, J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Lester. 

ELLIS, J. M., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Fair- 
bank. 
Elliott, A., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

FBNTIMAN, J., far., S. 29 ; P. O. 
Lester. 

Finch, Wm. B., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Fair- 
bank. 

Fisher, D., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Lester. 

Foale, P., far., S. 25; P. 0. Barclay. 

Freedman, C, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Fair- 
bank. 

FRENCH, EDMUND, farmer, S. 
27; P. 0. Lester; owns 160 acres of 



land, probable value $4,000 ; was born 
March 1, 1803, in Hellidon, North- 
amptonshire, England, but from infancy 
lived in Banbury, Oxfordshire, until 
1845 ; he is a shoemaker by trade, hav- 
ing been bound as an apprentice, when 
15 years old, to serve seven years. He 
was married July 17, 1824, to Ann 
Humphries, of Kingsutton, Northamp- 
tonshire ; she was born May 7, 1804; 
they have six children — George born 
Feb. 25, 1827 ; Esther, Dec. 31, 1828 ; 
Caleb, April 26, 1831 ; Ephraim, March 
14, 1834; Lucy V. C, Jan. 20, 1842, 
and Emily S., Dec. 8, 1844; they lost 
two children — Ezra J., born May 7, 
1836, and died July 29, 1872, and 
Leah H., born Jan. 24, 1839, died in 
Feb., 1866. In April, 1845, Mr. F. 
came to the United States, and arrived 
in New York City, where he worked at 
his trade, and in Feb., 1846, his family 
joined him ; in the Fall of 1846, he 
went to Trumbull Co., Ohio, and in 
1854, came to this county, settled land, 
and returned to Trumbull Co., Ohio ; in 
the Fall of 1855, came back here and 
settled in Lester Tp. He is a Repub- 
lican, and was Township Trustee three 
or four years ; County Supervisor one 
year. Road Supervisor two or three 
terms, and School Director about three 
years. He is one of the very few 
now remaining of the first settlers of 
Lester, and he and his wife are now 
fifty four years married, both are very 
happy, and in the comparative enjoy- 
ment of good health. 

r^ ALIVAN, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 23 ; 

VX P. 0. Lester. 

GREEN, LIONEL, farmer. Sec. 
34; P. O. Lester; owns 160 acres of 
land, probable value $3,200 ; he was 
born June 4, 1814, in Leicester, En- 
gland, and emigrated with his parents 
(George and Sarah Green) to the United 
States, arriving in New York City in 
Sept., 1836; his father was engaged in 
general grocery business in England, and 
previous to their coming to this country, 
he took his family to France, and trav- 
eled through a great portion of that 
country. At a place near Paris, he met 
with some Americans, who advised him 
to come to this country, and on receiv- 
ing letters of introduction to some par- 



LESTER TOWNSHIP. 



58' 



ties in New York City from friends in 
Havre de Grace, he sailed from the last 
mentioned port for the United States ; 
on arriving in New York, he started at 
once to Milwaukee, Wis., where he still 
lives. Lionel lived in Milwaukee until 
1843, and then went to Naperville, 111., 
where he learned the trade of carpenter 
and joiner, and followed that business 
until 1852, when he went to California, 
arriving in " Hangtown " in Sept. of 
the latter year ; he worked at mining 
until Dec, 1853 ; went thence to San 
Francisco, where he sailed, via Panama, 
to New York City ; thence to Naper- 
ville, 111. He was married Dec. 30, 
1846, to Polly Ann, daughter of Ros- 
well and Hulda Hyde, of Naperville, 
111.; she was born Dec. 4, 1824, in Cat- 
taraugus Co., N. Y.; they have six chil- 
dren — George L., born Sept. 25, 1847 ; 
Harriet N., Nov. 26, 1849; Edgar, 
June 8, 1858; Ida, Aug. 11, 1860; 
Adelaide, April 5, 1863, and Lydia, 
July 6, 1865. In May, 1855, Mr. 
Green came to Black Hawk Co., and 
.settled in Lester Tp.; there was only one 
house between the place where he now 
resides and Independence ; they were 
obliged to drive stakes to serve as guide- 
posts to and from Waterloo ; no schools, 
roads or bridges in those days ; he says 
that game abounded in this county at 
that time, and deer tracks were to be 
seen all around the country. In politics, 
he is a Republican, and was Justice of 
the Peace two years. Township Clerk 
one term. School Director two or three 
terms, and Road Supervisor three or 
four terras. He is a member of the 
Free-Will Baptist Church. 

Guyer, Joseph, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Lester. 

Guyer, Samuel, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Lester. 

HARN, P., farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. 
Lester. 
Hetherington, G., far., S. 1 ; P. Fair- 
bank. 
Hickox, John, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Hogan, John, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Holdeman, J., far., S. 32 ; P. O. Waterloo. 
Hoofnagle, H., far., S. 33 ; P. O. Lester. 
Horn, August, far., S. 36 ; P. O. Barclay. 
Howard, S., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Hyde, G. B., far., S. 2; P. 0. Fairbank. 
TNGRAHAM, WALLACE, farmer, 
JL Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Lester. 



JOHNSON, F., farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. O. 
Fairbank. 
JOHNSOX, JOHN W., farmer, 
Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Lester ; owns eighty acres 
of land, probable value $2,000 ; was 
born Sept. 6, 1814, in Leicester, En- 
gland ; came to the United States, arriv- 
ing in Philadelphia in 1828, and went 
to learn the trade of jeweler, but re- 
signed on account oY poor health, hav- 
ing his indentures canceled ; went to 
Schuylkill Co., Penn., and worked at 
the coal trade, and also boating on the 
Schuylkill canal; in 1832, went to Ly- 
coming Co., and engaged in various oc- 
cupations and helped his father, who was 
conducting a saw-mill ; in 1833, went to 
Kentucky, and was overseer on a plan- 
tation ; in the Spring of 1834, came to 
Iowa, which was not then a State in the 
Union, but known as the Black Hawk 
Purchase ; having traveled two years 
through Iowa, Illinois, Indiana and Mich- 
igan, prospecting, went back to Pennsyl- 
vania, Clinton Co., which formerly was 
part of Lycoming Co. Was married 
Sept. 24, 1840, to Mary, daughter of 
Henry and Nancy Brown, of Clinton 
Co.. Penn.; she was born Aug. 23, 1821 ; 
they have ten children — Sarah A., born 
May 16, 1841 ; Fanny E., Sept. 6, 
1845 ; Mary M., Dec. 16, 1846 ; John 
M., March 27, 1848 ; Nancy M., Sept. 
5, 1849 ; Catharine A., March 7, 1851 ; 
George W., May 17, 1852; Tacy R., 
Sept. 5, 1853; Nathan P., May 25, 
1860 ; Olive L., Aug. 24, 1861 ; they 
lost four children — Maria J., Joseph N., 
Ida A. and one not named. Joseph N. 
enlisted early in Oct., 1861, in Co. E. 
12th Iowa Y. I.; was severely wounded 
in the arm at Shiloh, taken prisoner by 
the rebels and died in prison at Macon, 
Ga., Sept. 11, 1862, aged 18 years 4 
months and 7 days. Mr. J. was princi- 
pally engaged in farming from 1840 un- 
til he came to Black Hawk Co. and set- 
tled in Lester Tp. in 1855, and except 
three years spent in Bremer Co., has 
lived in Lester ever since. He spent 
the most of the first year here hunting, 
and supported his family in that way ; 
they were very poor, and were obliged 
to live in their wagon until the snow 
fell. He attended the Fourth of July 
celebration in Waterloo in 1855, and 



588 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



heard the first sermon preached in Les- 
ter by Rev. Mr. Ritchey, who was a 
member of the U. B. Church. Mr. J. 
is a Republican, and was Township 
Trustee two or three terms, Road Super- 
visor once or twice, School Director two 
or three terms, and is a member of the 
Free-Will Baptist Church, of which de- 
nomination Mrs. Johnson and three of 
their children — Sarah A., Nancy M. and 
Tacy R. — are likewise members. 

KAYLOR, SAMUEL H., farmer. 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Keames, J.,' far., S. 10; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Kelinski, S.. far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Barclay. 
Knepper, D. J., far., S. 19; P. 0. Blake- 

viile. 
Kinsley, J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Kraft, F., far.. Sees. 1, 12 ijnd 18; P. 0. 
Fairbank. 

LAMB, HOSEA, former, Sec. 4; P. 
0. Lester. 

LAMB, NORM AX F., farmer, S. 
G; P. 0. Lester; owns 160 acres of 
land in Bennington Tp., probable value, 
Sl,800; was born Jan. 27, 1845, in 
Ontario Co., Upper Canada, where he 
worked at farming until he was 23 years 
old ; in 1868, he came to Black Hawk 
Co., settled in Lester Tp., and engaged 
in farming. Was married Dec. 23, 
1875, to Eva C, daughter of Samuel 
and Mary J. Neil, of Stephenson Co., 
111.; she was born June 4, 1855 ; they 
have one child — Alice May, born Oct. 
28, 1876. 

Lamphret, J., far., S. 24 ; P. O. Lester. 

Lanagan, L., far., S. 33 ; P. O. Waterloo. 

Law,"G., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

Law, M., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

Lenius, J., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

Leibenan, A., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

Leibenan, F., far., S. 24; P. 0. Fairbank. 

McGRANNAHAN, S. B., far., Sec. 
25 ; P. 0. Barclay. 

McNellis, Wm., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Lester. 

MAGEE, EDWARD W., far, 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Lester ; owns 320 acres, 
probable value $8,000 ; was born Oct. 
22, 1837, in Franklin Co., Penn.; in 
1842, he went with his parents, James 
and Elizabeth, to McHenry Co., Ill 
and lived there farming until 1867.. 
Was married July 4, 1861, to Sarah J. 
Davis, who was born in McHenry Co., 
111., Jan. 14. 1839 ; her parents were 



0. 



£>; 



8; 



Martin and Mary A. Davis. Mr. and 
Mrs. Magee have nine children — James, 
born May 1, 1862; Cora, Aug. 28, 
1863; Frank, Sept. 3, 1865; Charles, 
March 26, 1868; Eddie, July 14, 1869; 
Adell, April 28, 1871 ; Carrie, April 
16, 1873; William, March 28, 1875; 
and Alice, Feb. 18, 1877. In 1867, 
Mr. Magee left his home in Illinois and 
came to Black Hawk Co., and settled in 
Lester Tp. He is a Republican, and 
was School Director two terms ; at pres- 
ent he is Township Assessor. 

Moynihan, J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Lester. 

Milks, Luke, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

Miller, Geo., far., S. 14 ; P. O. Lester. 

Miller, J, far., S. 12 : P. O.Fairbank. 

Monroe, Sam'l, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

nVTEIBUHR, P. W., farmer, Sec. 3 ; 

JJS P. 0. Fairbank. 

Northrup, G-. M., far., Sees. 7, 18 ; P 

OWEN, CHARLES, farmer. Sec, 
P. 0. Lester. 
OCHS, JACOB, farmer, Sec. 
P. 0. Lester Centre; owns 160 acres, 
probable value $4,000 ; lie was born 
March 4, 1825, in Berks Cc, Penn.; 
when very young he moved with his 
parents, Charles and Mary Ochs, to 
Lehigh Co., where he Uved until he was 
10 years old; moved thence to North- 
ampton Co., Penn., and assisted his 
father, who was engaged in the tobacco 
trade ; was engaged on the Pennsylva- 
nia and Delaware Canal about four 
years, and followed steamboating on the 
Delaware River from Philadelphia about 
four years ; about the year 1843, he 
went to Du Page Co., 111., and, because 
of fever and ague, returned in about a 
year to Lehigh Co., Penn., and lived 
there about six years ; he then went to 
Stephenson Co., 111. ; thence back to 
Pennsylvania, and West again, via 
Dubuque, Iowa, to this county, with a 
view of seeing the country ; after 
visiting difierent places, and spending 
about a year in Kansas, he eventually 
came back to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, 
and settled in Lester Tp., where he now 
resides. He was twice married ; his 
first wife was Charlotte Smiley ; she 
died Jan. 11, 1857; there were four 
children by that marriage, two of whom, 
James and Jacob, are living. He was 



LESTER TOWNSHIP. 



589 



afterward married Oct. 28, 1858, to 
Mary Jane, daughter of Samuel and 
Catharine Miliken, of Centre Co., Penn.; 
she was born July 5, 1835 ; they have 
five children — Lizzie M., born May 15, 
1864; Lottie, Feb. 29,1868; Minnie, 
July 29, 1869 ; Frank, March 23, 1874 ; 
and George, Feb. 5, 1876 ; they have 
lost two children — Freddie, born March 
15, 1871, died Aug. 15, 1872; and 
Grace, born March 25, 1873, died Aug. 
25, 1873. In politics, Mr. Ochs is 
Independent, and was School Director 
two terms ; he is a member of the 
Free-Wlll Baptist Church, and Mrs. 
Ochs is also a member of the same 
denomination. 

Owen, Eli, far.. Sees. 3, 5 ; P. 0. Lester. 

Owen, Henry, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Lester. 

PAGE, SEW ALL, farmer, Sec. 16 ; 
P. 0. Lester. 

Perry, Allen, far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Lester. 

PERRY, ALFRED B., former, 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Lester ; owns 200 acres, 
probable value, $4,000 ; he was born 
Nov. 30, 1822, in Cayuga Co,, N. Y., 
but spent much of his time in Cortland 
Co., N. Y., until he was 21 years old. 
He worked at the trade of tanner and 
currier from the time he was 11 until 
he was 18 years of age and then 
temporarily abandoned that profes- 
sion. In 1844, he went to Te- 
cumseh, Lenawee County, Mich., 
and resumed his trade. In 1845, he 
went to Illinois and Wisconsin, thence 
to Valparaiso, Ind., and engaged as a 
Superintendent of a tannery and held 
the position for two years, then betook 
himself to work on the Michigan Cen- 
tral and Michigan Southern Rys.; 
moved thence to Mineral Pt., Wis., and 
worked in lead mines; back to Porter 
Co., Ind., where he had a farm, and 
worked at his trade three years in Terre 
Coupee, St. Joseph Co., Ind., where he 
was married Nov. 25, 1852, to Lydia, 
daughter of James and Hannah Smith, 
of Hamilton Co., Ohio ; she was born 
March 1, 1832, and died Jan. 25, 
1861 ; there were five children by that 
marriage — Wm. W., born Aug. 16, 
1853 ; Silas S., Oct. 26, 1854; George 
T., Jan. 22, 1856 ; John L., Oct. 7, 
1857, and Mary H.. Sept. 1, 1859. 
On the 2d of August, 1857, Mr. P. 



arrived in Lester Tp., Black Hawk Co., 
Iowa, and engaged in farming. He 
married his present wife, Emily, 
daughter of John E. and Margaret 
Carnes, of this township. May 23, 1861; 
she was born Feb. 20, 1841, in Chip- 
pewa Tp., Wayne Co , Ohio ; they have 
six children — Ida I., born April 27, 
1862 ; Robert I., Jan. 14, 1867 ; Fred- 
erick N., July 11, 1869 ; Thomas A., 
Dec. 9, 1871 ; Franklin S., July 9, 
1874, and Lydia B., Sept. 3, 1877. 
Mr. Perry enlisted Oct. 12, 1861, in the 
12th I. V. I., Co. E, for three years, or 
during the war, and was engaged in the 
battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege 
of Vicksburg ( where he spent forty-two 
days), Jackson and Brandon, Miss., 
Tupelo Woodstock and Nashville, 
Tenn., and Spanish Fort, Ala. He was 
captured by the rebels at Shiloh and 
dragged around to the rebel prisons of 
Montgomery, Ala., Grifiin and Macon 
Ga., and was at last senttoLibby Prison, 
Richmond. He was paroled Oct. 17, 
1862, and sent to Annapolis, Md., 
thence to St. Louis, Mo., and was ex- 
changed in the Winter of 1862-3. He 
helped guard a lot of rebel prisoners 
that were sent, from St. Louis to Colum- 
bus, Ohio, before he was exchanged 
himself; he participated in all the en- 
gagements his regiment took part in, and 
was honorably discharged Jan. 20, 1866. 
at Memphis, Tenn., and then returned 
to his home and family in Lester Tp., 
since which time he has been engaged 
in the peaceful pursuit of farming. He 
is a Republican and was School Direct- 
or and President of the School Board 
three or four terms ; was elected Jus- 
tice of the Peace, but declined to serve- 
He is a member of the Free-Will Bap- 
tist Church. 

Polk, Fred, far., S. 34; P. 0. Barclay. 

Potts, J. H., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

Presba, Wm. C, far., S. 7 ; P. O. Lester. 

REYNOLDS, WM. H., farmer, See. 
29 ;. P. 0. Waterloo. 
Richards, J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Robinson, J., far., S. 14; P.O. Fairbank. 

SANDOE, JACOB, D., farmer, Sec. 9; 
P. 0. Lester. 
Sauer, L., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Schrack, John, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Shafier, J., far., S. 16 and 17 ; P. 0. Lester. 



590 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY: 



Shannon, F., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Barclay. 
Shannon, P., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Barclay. 
Shillington, T., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Sholes, E., far., S. 2 ; P. O. Fairbank. 
Shuler, Geo., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Shuler, J., far., S, 31 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Sigglekow, J., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Sipel. Elias, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Lester. 
Spieher, D. J., far., S. 20; P. 0. Lester. 
Strempkie, J., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 

TREBON, S., far., S. 25; P. 0. Fair- 
bank. 
Trumbauer, J., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Barclay. 



Tucker, L. H., far., S. 3 and 6; P. 0- 

VAN ETTEN, M. C, far., Sec. 20 
and 21 ; P. 0. Lester. 
WAGONER, WM., far., S. 14 ; P. 
0. Lester. 
West, J. S., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Wilhelm, A., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Waterloo. 
Willey, W., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Fairbank. 
Willner, Jos., far., Sees. 9 and 10 ; P. 0. 

Lester. 
Wood, E., far., Sees. 4 and 5 ; P. 0. Lester. 




FOX TOWNSHIP. 



597 



FOX TOWNSHIP. 



\ HLES, J., far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Gil- 
J~\ bertville. 
ARTHUR, GEORG^E W., far , 

S. 31 ; P. 0. Gilbertville ; owns 125 
acres, probable value $3,750 ; he 
was born Oct. 4, 1828, in Knox Co., 
Tenn.; when but 7 years old, he moved 
with his parents, William and Lydia 
Arthur, to Vigo Co., Ind.; when 13 
years old, he went to Clark Co., 111., and 
lived with his uncle, Jacob Long, until 
he was 23 years old, engaged in farming ; 
in 1851, he came from Indiana to Du- 
buque, Iowa, by team, and pushed on 
to Linn Co., near Marion, but because 
of constant rains and swollen streams, 
went back to Muscatine Co., and lived 
there for a yenr or more. He was mar- 
ried Aug. 21, 1851, to Nancy Peery, of 
Jackson Co., Ind.; she was born Oct. 
27, 1831, in Clark Co., 111.; they have 
seven children — John, born June 12, 
1852; William A., July 27, 1854; 
David, Aug. 25, 1856 ; James E., July 
15, 1860 ; George E., May 26, 1865 ; 
Mary E., July 23, 1867; and Sylvester, 
Oct. 27, 1868. In 1852, Mr. Arthur 
came to Black Hawk Co., and in the 
Spring of 1853, he came to Fox Tp., 
and settled here. In politics he is a 
Republican, and was School Director 
for seven or eight years, and Road Mas- 
ter for several years. He and his wife 
are members of the M. E. Church. 
Arnold, J. D., far., S. 34 and 35 ; P. 0. 
Jesup. 

BAHL, B., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Baysinger, C, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Baysinger, J., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Beekley, H., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Benorden, C. F. W., far., S. 35 ; ' P. 0. 
Jesup. 

Benorden, F., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Jesup 
and Enterprise. 

Bernardy, H., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Bernardy, Wm., far. S. 32 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

BETAR, HIRAM, former, Sec. 11; 
P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan Co.; owns 120 
acres land, probable value $3,600 ; he 
was born May 12, 1839, in Prussia, 
Germany, where he attended school be- 



tween the ages of 7 and 14 years ; he 
then turned his attention to farming, 
which occupation he followed until he 
came to the United States, arriving in 
New York City November, 1856 ; he 
immediately went to Lockport, N. Y.. 
where he worked until the Spring of 
1858, and then came West to Burling- 
ton, Iowa, where he lived until 1860, 
when he went to St. Louis, Mo., and 
stayed there three years; in 1864, he 
came to Black Hawk Co., and settled in 
Fox Tp. He was married Sept. 28, 
1858, to Mary, daughter of Isaiah and 
Mary Thompson, of Des Moines Co., 
Iowa ; she was born Dec. 17, 1817, and 
died May 21, 1877; he was afterward 
married Sept. 12, 1877, to Ricky, 
daughter of Frederick and Hannah 
Bremer, formerly of Hanover, Germany, 
and now of Fox Tp. in this county ; 
she was born Oct. 26, 1860. Mr. Betar 
is Republican in politics and was Road 
Supervisor for two years. He and his 
wife are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

Bole, Ed., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Bole, M. A., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

BOYLE, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 
6 ; P. 0. Raymond ; has eighty acres 
of land (in his wife's name), probable 
value $1,600 ; he was born March 20, 
1804, in Brook Co., Va.; when quite 
young, moved with his parents, Jona- 
than and Elizabeth Boyle, to Knox Co., 
Ohio, where he helped on the farm for 
his mother (his father having died one 
year after his arrival there), until he 
was married April 26, 1827, to Mary, 
daughter of James and Mary Mc- 
Camant, of Brook Co., Ya.; she was 
born Feb. 26, 1804, and died in Sep- 
tember, 1831 ; they had two children — 
Charlotte, born Jan. 21, 1828, and 
Louisiana, April 8, 1830. He followed 
farming until 1851, when he engaged in 
running a saw-mill, which he conducted 
until 1866 ; then came to Iowa and set- 
tled in Black Hawk Co., in November, 
1836. He married Susannah, daughter 
of Ephraim and Mary Drake, of Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.; she died in 1842; there 
were two children bv that marriage — 
9 



598 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAAVK COUNTY 



Ephraim D., born Oct. 15, 1837 ; en- 
listed in the 43(1 Ohio V. I., September, 
1861, and died in June, 1862, from the 
effects of inflammatory rheumatism, at 
Cincinnati, Ohio ; John, born Nov. 27, 
1839, died the 6th of August, 1843. 
Mr. B. was married to Mrs. Julia E. 
Lewis, daughter of Uzziel and Mary 
Stevens, of Litchfield Co., Conn.; she 
was born Aug. 28, 1806, in Washington 
Co., N. Y.; have two children — James 
S., born May 30, 1844, and Josephine 
M., Jan. 18, 1850 ; thoy lost one child 
— Mary E., born July 25, 1846, died 
Aug. 3, 1862. James S. enlisted May 
13, 1864, in the 142d Ohio V. I., and 
saw service at Cold Harbor, Bermuda 
Hundreds, and near Petersburg ; he 
was honorably discharged Sept. 2, 1864, 
and returned to his home in Knox Co., 
Ohio, and has since followed farming. 
Mr. Boyle and his son James S. are 
Republican in politics. He was Road 
Supervisor for two years in Fox Tp. 
Mr. and Mrs. Boyle are members of the 
Christian Church. 

Blakeman, A. J., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Blakeman, T., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Bloes, N., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Enterprise. 

Brady, J., far., S. 14; P. 0. Jesup. 

Bremer, F., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Brubaker, D., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Bruche, A., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Buchelee, J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Buttke, H., far.,S. 28; P.O. Gilbertville. 

BYERIS, WILiL-IAM, farmer, S. 
36 ; P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan County, 
Iowa; owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at $4,000 ; he was born 
March 25, 1825, in Dauphin County, 
Penn. ; in 1836, he came West with his 
parents (Robert and Elizabeth Byers), 
to Putnam Co., 111., where he assisted 
his father on the farm, and went to 
school between times until he was 22 
years of age. He was married May 20, 
1847, to Lydia A., daughter of John 
and Elizabeth Plank, of Dauphin Co., 
Penn. ; she was born Aug. 26, 1826 ; 
they have seven children — John, born 
Sept. 16, 1848; Oella, April 28 
1850; Robert E., May 14, 1852 ; Wm 
A., Sept. 3, 1854 ; Emma M., Aug. 24 
1859; Eva 0., July 8, 1862, and Geo 
F., July 24, 1866 ; they lost two chil 



dren— Rudolph, born Dec. 27, 1846, 
and died July 10, 1847, and Walter C, 
born April 28, 1864, died April 8, 
1865. In the Fall of 1860, he came 
to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and settled in 
Fox Tp., where he has since resided. 
His son, Wm. A., graduated at Baylie's 
Commercial College at Dubuque, Iowa, 
in 1874, and is no^ attending College 
at Valparaiso, Ind., with a view of pre- 
paring for admission to the bar ; he has 
taught school for about five years in Fox 
Tp. and other places. Mr. Byers is a 
Rejtublican in politics, and was School 
Director four years, and Road Super- 
visor three years. 
CALDWELL, J. D., far., S. 5 ; P. O. 
Raymond. 
Corton, John, far., S. 23 and 26 ; P. 0. 
Jesup. 

DEMUTH, B., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. En- 
terprise. 

Demuth, P., far., S. 33; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

DICKERSON, AI.BERT I.., 
farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. O. Raymond ; owns 
eighty acres of land, probable value 
$3,200 ; he was born Sept. 26, 183^, in 
Steuben Co., N. Y., and in 1848, he 
moved with his parents (Jeremiah and 
Hannah Dickerson) to Chemung Co., 
N. Y., where he assisted his father on 
the farm, and went to school between 
times, until he was 21 years old ; he at- 
tended school at Starkey Seminary, in 
Yates Co., N. Y., one year, and then 
engaged in teaching school, which voca- 
tion he has followed in connection with 
farming until the present time ; he came 
to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and settled 
in Fox Tp. in 1859. He was married 
Nov. 27, 1862, to Eliza, daughter of 
Archibald and Lois Dixon, of Fox Tp. ; 
she was born in 1839. In politics, he 
is a Republican, and was Township 
Clerk two or three years ; Township 
Assessor three or four years ; Secretary 
of School Board one term. School Di- 
rector one term, and Justice of the 
Peace one term. He and his wife are 
members of the Christian Advent 
Church. 

Dickenson, J. W., far., S. 19 and 25; P. 
0. Gilbertville. 

EHRET, M., far., S. 24 and 25 ; P. 0. 
Jesup. 



FOX TOWNSHIP. 



599 



Ehr, P., far., S. 20 ; P. O. Gilbertville. 

FALK, A, for., S. 2i» ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 
Falk, G., far., S. 29 and 30 ; P. 0. Gil- 
bertville. 
Flood, M., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Raymond. 
Frost, J., fer., S. 5 ; P. 0. Eaymond. 

GALES, J., far., S. 32; P. 0. En- 
terprise. 
Gifford, A. B., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Gouche, D., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

HANSEN, M., farmer, S. 22 ; P. 0. 
Jesup. 
Harrod, A. & S. R., fars., S. 20 ; P. 0. 

Gilbertville. 
Harrod, L., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 
High, C. H.,f\ir.,S. 36 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Hoffman, D., far., S. 25 ; P. O. Jesup. 
Hook, T., far., Sees. 26, 27, 34, 35 ; P. 

0. Jesup. 
Hubbard, E. B., far., S. 25; P. 0. Jesup. 
Hubbard, G. W., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Hubline, A., far., S. 34; P. 0. Jesup. 
Huck, Chas., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Hyde, N., far.,S. 25 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
"TOHNSON, N. F., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. 
fj Raymond. 

KASCHT, WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 
30 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 
Kimble, A., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Raymond. 
Koob, E., i'ar.. Sees. 26, 35 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Krantz, J. H., far., S. 32; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 
Kyrk, Wm.,far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

LIES, NICHOLAS, far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Jesup. 
lilCHTEXBERC^, CHARLES 
li,, farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Jesup, 
Buchanan Co.; owns 220 acres in Black 
Hawk Co. and 160 acres in Buena Vista 
Co., Iowa, probable value $7,600 ; he 
was born Dec. 1, 1828, in Prussia, Ger- 
many, where he attended school between 
the ages of 7 and 14 years ; he then 
turned his attention to farming until he 
<;ame to the United States ; he spent 
one year in sailing from Amsterdam, 
Holland, to other ports ; in 1839, his 
father (Ernest H. Lichtenberg) came to 
the United States, intending to procure 
a home for his family, but died about 
one year after his arrival in this country. 
The subject of this sketch arrived in 
New York City in Oct., 1849, and went 
at once to Indianapolis, Ind., where he 
lived nine months, and from there went 



to Sandusky, Ohio, where he lived for 
eighteen months, excepting one season 
that he spent sailing on Lake Erie ; in 
1852, he went back to Indianapolis, and 
engaged in the repairs of the Indianapo- 
lis & Bellefontaine Ry., and was soon 
given charge of a section ; he served 
that company one year, and then worked 
for the Indianapolis & Madison Ry. Co. 
one year; in 1854, he came to Daven- 
port, Iowa, and went thence to Iowa 
City, and thence to Cedar Rapids, but 
not being pleased with the country 
through which he traveled, he came to 
Black Hawk Co., and entered eighty 
acres in Fox Tp. and purchased forty 
acres second hand ; he then went back 
to Indianapolis, and lived there three 
years. On Feb. 25, 1855, he was mar- 
ried to Engel, daughter of Charles and 
Bina Harting, formerly of Schomberg, 
Germany, and now of Spring Creek Tp. 
in this county ; Mrs. L. was born Nov. 
8, 1827; they have eight children — 
Charles W., born March 10, 1856; 
Frederick, May 24, 1858 ; Henry, Dec. 
11, 1860; Caroline, June 19, 1862; 
Christina, Oct. 21, 1863 ; William, May 
7, 1865; John, Oct. 21, 1867, and 
Louis, Oct. 30, 1871. In the Summer 
of 1856, he returned to Black Hawk 
Co., and settled in Fox Tp. He is a 
Democrat, and is now School Treasurer ; 
was Road Supervisor five years. Town- 
ship Trustee five years, Trustee of the 
Select School of the Zion Lutheran 
Church, Spring Creek Tp., for eight 
years. Mr. and Mrs. L. are members 
of Zion Lutheran Church. When Mr. 
L. first came here there were but two 
houses within twenty miles of where he 
located ; to-day he is one of the repre- 
sentative men, respected by all who know 
him. The name that this township now 
bears was suggested by one of the first 
settlers, named Murphy, and seconded 
by Mr. Lichtenberg, and through these 
two men the township bears the name 
of Fox. 

Lingwood, Wm., far., S. 36; P. 0. Jesup. 

Loeb, P. v., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Lowe, A., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

Lowe, L. B., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Raymond. 

McCORD, H. J., farmer, Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. Jesup. 
Mai, W., far., Sees. 21, 22 ; P. 0. Jesup. 



600 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY 



Miller, J., far., Sees. 9, 4 : P. 0. Jesup. 

laiLlJER, ROMAXZO R., dairy 
man and farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Jesup, 
Buchanan Co. ; owns 299 acres, prob- 
able value §12,000 ; he was born Dec. 
26, 1832, in Windham Co., Vt., where 
he assisted his father on the farm and 
went to school between times, until he 
was 21 years old; in 1857, he came 
West to Livingston Co., Ill, where he 
engaged in farming ; in 1865, he went 
to Wisconsin, and in 1866, returned to 
his home in Vermont; in 1867, he came 
to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and settled in 
Fox Tp., where he now resides ; in 1873, 
he engaged in dairying with twenty 
cows, and in April, 1878, in company 
with F. W. Harris, of Perry Tp., Bu- 
chanan Co., built a new dairy which 
they are now running on a large scale ; 
it is known as the " Big Spring Cream- 
ery " in Buchanan Co. ; they handle 
from 6,000 to 7,000 R)s. of m'ilk daily, 
and manufacture about 240 lbs. of but- 
ter per day ; the creamery butter com- 
mands the highest market price, and in 
course of time the proprietors intend to 
enlarge their factory, so that this con- 
cern is another important addition to the 
industries of Iowa ; Mr. Miller also owns 
144 acres of land in Westburg Tp., 
Buchanan Co., the probable value of 
which is §2,800. He was married 
March 24, 1857, to Amanda, daughter 
of Joseph and Bhoda Wright, of West- 
minster, Vt. ; she was born April 6, 
1830 ; they have an adopted child — 
Florence W. Miller, born Nov. 4, 1874. 
Mr. and Mrs. Miller are members of 
the Baptist Church ; in politics Mr. M. 
is a Republican. 

Mullony, P., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Mythaler, J. J., farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Jesup. 

NIE, JOHN, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. En- 
terprise. 
Nosbisch, J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

PENOYER, IRA C. far., S. 9 ; P. O. 
Jesup. 
Perry, 0. R., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Perry, S., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 
Peyson, A. M., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Pint, L., far., Sees. 18 and 19 ; P. 0. Gil- 
bertville. 
Phillips, F., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Phillips, H., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Jesup. 



RANDALL, G. H., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. 
Jesup. 
Rcnche, Wm., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Robe, A. A., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Robe, W. M., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

SAUERBREI, A., far., S. 27 ; P. 0- 
Jesup. 

Schmitz, J., far.. Sees. 29 and 32 ; P. O. 
Gilbertville. 

SCHOMMER, PETER, school 
teacher, Sec. 22; P. 0. Gilbertville^ 
owns forty acres, probable value SI, 200 ; 
he was born June 26, 1851, in the 
province of Rhine, Germany, where he 
attended school from the time he was 6 
years until he was 18 years old ; having 
passed successfully thirough his common 
school and academical courses, he en- 
gaged in teaching school for one year 
and nine months, and in January, 1872, 
he came to the United States, arriving 
in New York City on the 6th of that 
month ; he went immediately to Milwau- 
kee, Wis., where he stayed a short time, 
and then came to Black Hawk Co., 
Iowa, and settled in Fox Tp. ; during 
his first year in this township he was 
engaged in farming, and in the follow- 
ing year, he again engaged in school 
teaching, which vocation he has since 
continued to follow ; he attended a course 
of studies at the " Western Waterloo 
College," and also at the " Mt. Vernon 
Institute," Linn Co., Iowa, so as to try 
and perfect his knowledge of the En- 
glish language ; he is a close student, 
and never fails to avail himself of a 
favorable opportunity to improve his al- 
ready well-stored mind; the youth of 
the county, and very many others, too, 
would do well to emulate his example in 
this respect. He was married May 27, 
1877, to Anna, daughter of John and 
Margaritta Nosbisch, of Rhine Province, 
Germany. In politics Mr. S. is a Dem- 
ocrat ; he and his wife are members of 
the Catholic Church. 

Schroeder, W.. far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Shares, W., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Smith, W., far., S. 19; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

Starkhart, H., far., S. 20 : P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 
TAYLOR, S. S., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Gil- 
bertville. 

Tennant, J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Theilen, J., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 



FOX TOWNSHIP. 



601 



TilKn, J., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Jesup. 
Tschanhenz, M., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. En- 
terprise. 
Tunis. M., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

WEBER, JOHN, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. 
Gilbertville. 

Weber, Peter, tar., S. 28 ; P. 0. Enter- 
prise. 

Weiers, J. M., far., 8. 21 ; P. 0. Gilbert- 
ville. 

Wellman, A., far., 8. 27 ; P. 0. Jesup. 

Werser, B., far., S. 9 ; P. Jesup. 

Wheland, D., far., S. 26; P. 0. Jesup. 

Wirtz, J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Gilbertville. 

WOOSTER, ROIXIN S., form- 
er. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan Co.; 
owns 181 acres of land, probable value 
$5,500 ; he was born Nov. 25, 1824, in 
Bethlehem, Litchfield Co., Coan., where 
he attended school at the Warren Insti- 
tute, until he was 17 years old; he then 
turned his attention to learning the trade 
of a stone mason, and followed that bus- 
iness about six years ; in 1849, he en- 
gaged in traveling for a manufacturer of 
surgical instruments, and traveled throuh 
all the Western and Southwestern 
States for about three years. He was 
married Jan. 31, 1854, to Charlotte L., 
daughter of Zalmond and Elizabeth Mil- 
ler, of Cornwallbridge, Conn.; she was 
born Feb. 22, 1827 ; Mrs. Wooster's 
family date back to the earliest settlers 
of Connecticut. In 1854, Mr. VVooster 
went to Rock Co., Wis ; and in 1855, 
he engaged in farming ; in 1857, he 
added to his business the raising of the 
improved American Merino sheep, in 
which he is now extensively engaged ; 
he also taught school for ten terms in 
Rock Co., Wis.; in 1864, he came to 
Black Hawk Co., and settled on a piece 
of laud in Fox Tp., which he had en- 
tered ten years previously ; he says that 
surrounding him was but sparsely 
settled at that time, there were only a 
few houses anywhere near him, and they 
were a mile apart. In politics, he is a Re- 
publican, and is Township Clei'k, now 
serving his eighth consecutive term ; was 
Justice of the Peace one year. County 
Supervisor one year. School Director 
three years, Secretary (jf the School 
Board three years ; he and his wife are 
members of the M. E. Church of Jesup ; 
he was one of the first Trustees of that 



organization and has continued a such 
to the present time ; is also Recording 
Steward, and Sunday School Superin- 
tendent, now serving his seventh term in 
both positions. 

YOUNG, 0. G., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Raymond. 
YOUNG, WALI.ACE II., S 2; 
P. 0. Jesup, Buchanan Co.; owns 938 
acres of land, probable value, S23,450, 
and 154 acres in Buchanan Co., proba- 
ble value $4,000 ; he was born Jan. 1, 
1827, in Monroe Co., N. Y., where he 
worked on a farm and went to school be- 
tween times, until he attained his r7th 
year ; his father, Eliphet T. Young, was 
born Aug. 27, 1786, in Rensselaer Co., 
N. Y., and was married twice; the first 
wife was Mary Udell, born in Rensselaer 
Co., Jan. 22, 1788, died Feb. 13, 1824, 
and his second wife was Mary Maxfield, 
who was born March 20, 1799, died 
Jan. 25, 1865 ; the latter was the moth- 
er of Wallace M. Young, who in 1844, 
left his native county and went to Branch 
Co., Mich., where he became engaged in 
farming and real estate transactions ; he 
resided in Branch Co. (with the excep- 
tion of about four years that he lived in 
Cass Co.) until 1869. On the 1st of 
Jan., 1851, he married Miranda, daugh- 
ter of John and Miranda Allen, of Bran- 
don, Vt.; she was born Sept. 20, 1826, 
and died Jan. 14, 1852 ; there was one 
child by that marriage— John, born Nov. 
22, 1851, died April S, 1852 ; Mr. Y. was 
afterward married Dec. 4, 1852, to 
Catharine, daughter of Henry and Sabra 
Wells, of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; she 
was born April 9, 1832; they have sev- 
en "children — George W.. born Jan. 26, 
1856; Martha, born May 8, 1858; 
John, born June 2, 1860; Mary, born 
Aug. 20, 1861 ; Elizabeth, burn May 
1870 ; Manly, born Dec. 26, 1871, and 
Bertha, born July 17, 1876 ; they lost 
two children — Miranda, born April 16, 
1854, died March 1, 1869, and Fred- 
die, born Oct. 7, 1866, died Feb. 15, 
1867. In 1869, Mr. Young came West 
to Buchanan Co., Iowa, and lived there 
for about twenty or twenty-one months, 
and on March 6, 1871, he came to Fox 
Tp., where he now resides. In politics, 
he is Independent, and is now serving 
his second term as President of the 



602 



DIRECTORY OF BLACK HAWK. COUNTY: 



Board of School Directors, and was No. 222, of Jesup, Buchanan Co., 

School Director for four years ; he I Iowa. 

was also Justice of the Peace for one rVIMMERMAN, J., far., S. 20; P. 0. 

year, and is a member of Siloam Lodge, Z^ Gilbertville. 




TABULAR STATEMENT, 

Showing the totals of Heal and Personal Property/ assessed for taxation in 
Black Hawk Counts/, Iowa, for the year 1877. 



PERSONAL PROPERTY. 



Horses of all ages 

Cattle of all ages 

Mules of all ages 

Sheep of all ages 

Swine of all ages 

Other taxable property not enumerated. 



Total assessed value of personal property. 



REAL ESTATE. 



Polls . 



Total value of all taxable property in county. 



XT „i. Average Assessed 

Number. Valuation. Value. 



10,179 

21,080 

816 

2,183 

28,725 



4,557 



$16 48 

6 02 

21 40 

87S 

1 69' 



Aggregate value of realty in towns 

Aggregate value of railroad property, as assessed 

Land, 3,524.55y'%8^ acres I $9 02 



5167,753 

126,910 

6,761 

1,918 
48,545 

288,485 



$640,642 



$1,084,771 

300,380 

3,181,899 



1*5,207,692 



POPULATION OF BLACK HAWK COUNTY IN 1875. 

Compiled from the State Census of Iowa for 1875. 



TOWNSHIPS. 



Barclay 

Bennington 

Big Creek 

Black Hawk 

Cedar 

Cedar Falls 

Eagle 

East Waterloo 

Fox 

Lester 

Lincoln 

Mt. Vernon 

Orange 

Poyner 

Spring Creek 

Union 

Washington 

Waterloo 

Cedar Falls City 

Laporte City (Incorp'n) 
Waterloo City 



WHITE IKHABITANTS. 



463- 
409 
385 
413 
339 
639 
330 
476 
418 
501 
333 
472 
481 
531 
359 
205 
239 
222 

1577 
374 

2753 



360 
326 
308 
250 
296 
584 
309 
407 
412 
446 
235 
438 
353 
512 
321 
222 
206 
224 

1689 
341 

2749 



763 
735 
693 
763 
635 

1223 
639 
883 
830 
947 
568 
910 
784 

1043 
680 
427 
445 
446 

3226 
715 

5502 



NATIVITY OF 
INHABITANTS. 



301 
256 
227 
258 
269 
477 
223 
289 
311 
388 
163 
381 
292 
365 
340 
165 
156 
185 

1052 
223 

1747 



•=3 



320 
334 
367 
353 
242 
590 
239 
483 
304 
400 
300 
369 
453 
519 
310 
227 
253 
204 

1554 
421 

2909 



Total 1180911088122897 806811151 36914877 3641 124 198 265 49 489 



8 = 



142 
145 

99 

52 

124 

157 

177 

111 

215 

159 

106 

160 

39 

159 

30 

39 

36 

57 

661 

71 

852 



157 
131 
168 
166 
119 
206 
116 
190 
152 
192 
116 
199 
175 
203 
146 
90 
118 
100 
680 
154 
1289 



BIRTHPLACE OF VOTERS. 






103 

89 

123 

103 

78 

136 

55 

157 

123 

132 

83 

129 

168 

165 

135 

83 

99 

79 

494 

134 

973 



2 


6 


3 


5 




8 


14 


9 


6 


4 




7 






21 


4 


2 


2 


6 




13 


9 


13 




11 




16 




8 


1 


2 




21 




11 


2 


13 


2 


3 


2 


1 


1 


4 


2 


8 


2 


46 


13 


2 




64 


16 



16 

27 

23 

23 

15 

24 

36 

7 

23 

20 

3 

15 

5 

26 

8 

6 

4 

3 

76 

9 

121 



